Intelligent leak detection in water distribution network

Abstract

The invention relates to intelligent leak detection in a water distribution network. Methods, systems, and sensors for real-time leak detection in a water distribution network may involve extracting an acoustic leak signal using ultrasonic sensing, and performing one or more of: identifying an acoustic noise signal generated by a leak, where the acoustic noise signal is analyzed to locate and determine a location of the leak; performing acoustic sensing in the water meter using a plurality of independent acoustic sensors, wherein acoustic data generated by the plurality of independent acoustic sensors are analyzed for leak detection data associated with the leak; and measuring water pressure, wherein pressure data generated as a result of measuring the water pressure is analyzed for leak detection data associated with a leak.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments generally relate to methods, systems, and devices for detecting leaks in a water distribution network. Embodiments also relate to using ultrasonic sensors and pressure measurements to detect water leaks in a water distribution network. Background Art

[0002] Worldwide, up to 40% of potable water losses are due to defects within the water network, where water leaks play a significant role in exacerbating the problem. Currently, utility companies face a huge challenge of $14 billion due to non-revenue water losses. To address this pressing issue, these companies are actively exploring innovative and "intelligent" solutions to effectively solve and correct the inefficiencies of the water network.

[0003] Currently, there are several techniques for leak detection, which include long-term monitoring and expensive sensing methods in industrial environments. Home water meters and water meter solutions employ various methods to detect water leaks. Some methods involve leveraging the intelligence of the meter itself to directly identify leaks, while others rely on data transmitted by the water meter to a central data collector and analyze water usage.

[0004] Current leak detection methods involve leak detection based on flow monitoring or night-line data techniques. Leak detection based on flow velocity monitoring is one of the basic methods of leak detection, where a digital water meter monitors the flow velocity exceeding a threshold flow velocity within a specified time. For example, if the water flow continuously remains >5 liters / hour and lasts for 72 hours, which is not the normal usage pattern, this may lead to the detection of a leak event. This method is passive and requires a long time for leak detection and only performs internal leak detection.

[0005] On the other hand, when the water meter provides water usage information to the front-end data collector, night-line data techniques can be employed. The night-line data techniques can provide high-resolution night-line data, which are considered rare water usage durations. If the night-line data shows consistent consumption, it can be regarded as a leak event. This method is also a passive leak detection method and sometimes infers incorrect information even when the user is consuming water due to reasons such as their global working hours.

[0006] Note that in the context of leak monitoring, nighttime pipeline data typically refers to data collected during the night when the expected water usage is at its lowest. This data can be used to identify potential water leaks in the water distribution system. During the night, when most people are not actively using water (e.g., sleeping), water usage should be relatively low. During this time period, any significant water flow indicates a leak. A leak detection system can analyze the flow data from water meters during these time periods. If the flow exceeds a certain threshold, it can be flagged as a potential leak.

[0007] Not all nighttime flows indicate a leak. Some can be due to legitimate activities such as filling a swimming pool, running a dishwasher, or even small and intermittent uses like flushing a toilet. This can lead to false alarms. On the other hand, during low usage periods, small leaks may not always be detectable. If the leak is too small to be recorded at night, it may not be detected. Nighttime water usage patterns can vary greatly, so setting a universal threshold for leak detection is challenging. What is considered normal in one area may not be normal in another.

[0008] In addition, in some areas, due to factors such as industrial or agricultural activities, nighttime water usage may be higher. The system may interpret this as a leak, but it is not. This method may not take into account seasonal variations in water usage. For example, during the summer, people may use more water at night for irrigation, and this does not indicate a water leak. This method mainly relies on data analysis, and data analysis may not provide real-time information about leaks, thus delaying the response time. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The following summary of the invention is provided to facilitate an understanding of some features of the embodiments disclosed herein and is not intended as a complete description. By taking the specification, claims, drawings, and abstract of the specification as a whole, a comprehensive understanding of all aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein can be obtained.

[0010] Thus, one aspect of the embodiments is to provide methods, systems, and devices for detecting leaks in a water distribution network.

[0011] Another aspect of the embodiments is to provide leak detection methods and systems including acoustic noise sensing of water leak generation.

[0012] Another aspect of the embodiments is to provide leak detection methods and systems including acoustic sensing in a water meter using an independent acoustic sensor.

[0013] One aspect of the embodiments also provides methods and systems for leak detection including water pressure measurement.

[0014] The above aspects and other objectives can now be realized as described herein. In one embodiment, a method for real-time leak detection in a water distribution network may involve using ultrasonic sensing to extract an acoustic leak signal; and performing one or more of the following operations: identifying an acoustic noise signal generated by the leak, wherein the acoustic noise signal is analyzed to locate and determine the location of the leak; performing acoustic sensing in a water meter using a plurality of independent acoustic sensors, wherein the acoustic data generated by the plurality of independent acoustic sensors is analyzed for leak detection data associated with the leak; and measuring the water pressure, wherein the pressure data generated as a result of measuring the water pressure is analyzed for leak detection data associated with the leak.

[0015] In one embodiment, ultrasonic sensing may involve deploying ultrasonic sensors in the water distribution network to capture acoustic signals associated with leaks.

[0016] The embodiment may also involve employing a front-end system to receive and analyze the acoustic signals for identifying patterns indicative of leaks.

[0017] The embodiment may also involve generating an alert or notification based on the identified patterns.

[0018] The embodiment may also involve comparing the pressure data with a baseline pressure value to identify anomalies indicative of leaks.

[0019] In one embodiment, using ultrasonic sensing to extract an acoustic leak signal may also involve extracting a 4KHz to 40KHz acoustic signal indicative of a leak using one or more ultrasonic transducers operating in the frequency range of 1MHz to 2MHz.

[0020] The embodiment may also involve using comparison signal analysis and inherent valve closure to locate the leak.

[0021] The embodiment may also involve using comparison signal analysis and inherent valve closure in combination with device-to-device communication to locate the leak, the device-to-device communication including communication between one or more water meters in the water distribution network.

[0022] In one embodiment, a system for real-time leak detection in a water distribution network may include a memory and one or more processors, the memory storing instructions for causing the one or more processors to perform: extracting an acoustic leak signal using ultrasonic sensing; and performing one or more of the following: identifying an acoustic noise signal generated by a leak, wherein the acoustic noise signal is analyzed to locate and determine the location of the leak; performing acoustic sensing in a water meter using a plurality of independent acoustic sensors, wherein the acoustic data generated by the plurality of independent acoustic sensors is analyzed for leak detection data associated with the leak; and measuring water pressure, wherein the pressure data generated as a result of the measured water pressure is analyzed for leak detection data associated with the leak.

[0023] In one embodiment of the system, ultrasonic sensing may include deploying ultrasonic sensors in the water distribution network to capture acoustic signals associated with leaks.

[0024] An embodiment of the system may include a front-end system that can receive and analyze acoustic signals to identify patterns indicative of leaks.

[0025] In one embodiment of the system, the instructions may also be configured to cause the one or more processors to generate an alert or notification based on the identified pattern.

[0026] In one embodiment of the system, the instructions may also be configured to cause the one or more processors to compare the pressure data with a baseline pressure value to identify anomalies indicative of leaks.

[0027] In one embodiment of the system, extracting an acoustic leak signal using ultrasonic sensing may include extracting a 4KHz to 40KHz acoustic signal indicative of a leak using one or more ultrasonic transducers operating in the frequency range of 1MHz to 2MHz.

[0028] In one embodiment of the system, the instructions may also be configured to cause the one or more processors to perform leak location using comparison signal analysis and inherent valve closure.

[0029] In one embodiment of the system, the instructions may also be configured to cause the one or more processors to perform leak location using comparison signal analysis and inherent valve closure in combination with device-to-device communication, the device-to-device communication including communication between one or more water meters in the water distribution network.

[0030] In one embodiment, a sensor for real-time leak detection in a water distribution network may include one or more ultrasonic sensors, wherein ultrasonic sensing facilitated by the one or more ultrasonic sensors may be used to extract an acoustic leak signal, and one or more of the following operations may be performed: identifying an acoustic noise signal generated by the leak, wherein the acoustic noise signal is analyzed to locate and determine the location of the leak; performing acoustic sensing in a water meter using a plurality of independent acoustic sensors, wherein the acoustic data generated by the plurality of independent acoustic sensors is analyzed for leak detection data associated with the leak; and measuring the water pressure, wherein the pressure data generated as a result of the measured water pressure is analyzed for leak detection data associated with the leak. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The drawings also illustrate this embodiment and, together with the detailed description, are used to explain the principles of the embodiment, where like reference numerals refer to the same or functionally similar elements throughout the separate views and are incorporated into and form a part of the specification.

[0032] Figure 1 illustrates a system for real-time leak detection that may be implemented in accordance with an embodiment;

[0033] Figure 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a water distribution network including a distribution point and a set of water meters in accordance with an embodiment;

[0034] Figure 3 illustrates a system for real-time leak detection with an indication of a burst location that may be implemented in accordance with an embodiment;

[0035] Figure 4 illustrates a set of signals including acoustic signals and ultrasonic signals that may be implemented in accordance with one or more embodiments; and

[0036] Figure 5 illustrates a system for real-time leak detection in accordance with an embodiment, including receiving a plurality of device leak signals and performing related methods for locating the leak;

[0037] Figure 6 illustrates a method for real-time leak detection in a water distribution network in accordance with an embodiment; and

[0038] Figure 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of an exemplary operating environment in accordance with one or more specific implementations described herein.

[0039] In the drawings described and shown herein, the same or similar parts and elements are generally denoted by the same reference numerals. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The specific values and configurations discussed in these non-limiting examples may vary and are cited only to illustrate one or more embodiments and are not intended to limit their scope.

[0041] The subject matter will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof and illustrate specific example embodiments in an illustrative manner. However, the subject matter can be embodied in many different forms, and thus the subject matter covered or claimed is intended to be construed as not limited to any of the example embodiments listed herein; the example embodiments are provided merely for illustration. Similarly, the subject matter covered or claimed is intended to have a scope that is appropriately broad. Among other things, the subject matter can be embodied specifically as a method, apparatus, component, or system. Thus, an embodiment can, for example, take the form of hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. Accordingly, the following detailed description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense.

[0042] Throughout the specification and claims, the terms may have nuanced meanings that are contextually presented or implied, in addition to the explicitly stated meanings. Similarly, phrases such as "in one embodiment" or "in an example embodiment" and their variations as used herein may not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, and phrases such as "in another embodiment" or "in another example embodiment" and their variations as used herein may or may not necessarily refer to different embodiments. For example, the claimed subject matter is intended to include, in whole or in part, combinations of example embodiments.

[0043] Generally speaking, the terms can be understood, at least in part, from their usage in context. For example, terms such as "and," "or," or "and / or" as used herein can include a variety of meanings that can depend, at least in part, on the context in which such terms are used. Generally speaking, "or" when used in connection with a list, such as A, B, or C, is intended to mean A, B, and C as used herein in an inclusive sense, as well as A, B, or C as used herein in an exclusive sense. Additionally, the term "one or more" as used herein can, at least in part, depend on the context, be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense, or can be used to describe a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in a plural sense. Similarly, terms such as "a," "an," or "the" can, at least in part, depend on the context and can be understood to convey a singular usage or to express a plural usage. Further, the term "based on" can be understood to not necessarily be intended to convey a set of exclusive factors, but can, at least in part, depend on the context and allow for additional factors that are not necessarily explicitly described again.

[0044] Figure 1 System 10 for real-time leak detection is shown that can be implemented according to an embodiment. In Figure 1In the configuration of the system 10 shown, a flow tube 26 (e.g., a pipe) connected to a flow meter 12 shown at the left side of the figure is shown, and a set of water meters includes water meters 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24. The system 10 may also include a front-end system 30 that can implement acoustic noise correlation. Figure 1 A leak location 28 is also indicated therein.

[0045] The front-end system 30 can be used to detect water leaks and can be implemented as a central control or monitoring system that can be designed to identify and locate leaks in a water distribution network. The front-end system 30 can communicate with the flow meter 12 and one or more of the water meters 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24 and can use various sensors, such as ultrasonic sensors, to detect anomalies in the water flow and to detect other parameters, such as pressure. The flow meter 12 and the water meters 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24 can be installed in the water distribution network to measure the amount of water flowing through a specific point, such as Figure 1 the leak location 28 shown. These devices can provide data on water usage and flow rate. Note that in some embodiments, the front-end system 30 can be implemented by a computer or can be a computer, such as Figure 7 the computer 812 shown.

[0046] For example, in some embodiments, the flow meter 12 and / or the water meters 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24 can employ ultrasonic sensors. Such ultrasonic sensors can use ultrasonic technology to detect sound frequencies associated with water leaks, such as water leaks at the leak location 28 or elsewhere. When water escapes from a pipe, it typically generates specific acoustic signals that can be captured by the ultrasonic sensors.

[0047] The front-end system 30 serves as a central detection and control system and can collect data from the water meters and sensors, process the information, and analyze this data for anomalies that may indicate a leak. As will be discussed in more detail below, as part of the processing and analysis of the collected data, an acoustic noise correlation method can be implemented.

[0048] System 10 may also include a data network 8, which can be a communication network connecting water meters, ultrasonic sensors, and the front-end system. This network can allow for real-time data transmission, enabling the front-end system 30 to continuously monitor the water distribution network. The front-end system 30 can use sophisticated algorithms to analyze the data received from the water meters and ultrasonic sensors. The front-end system 30 can perform acoustic noise correlation with respect to the collected data to indicate leaks. Such correlation operations may indicate unexpected changes in flow rate or abnormal acoustic signals. Note that in some embodiments, the data network 8 can include one or more remote computers, such as Figure 7 the remote computer 844 and memory 846 shown in

[0049] If the front-end system 30 detects a potential water leak, it can generate an alert or notification to alert the water supply company operator or relevant personnel. This allows them to take prompt action to locate and repair the leak, thereby minimizing water loss and potential damage. The use of ultrasonic sensors is particularly effective because they can detect leaks based on the sound generated by escaping water, even if the leak is relatively small or in its early stages. Such early detection is crucial for water supply companies to address leaks in a timely manner, reduce water waste, and prevent infrastructure damage.

[0050] System 10 can use the acoustic noise generated by leaks to achieve real-time leak detection and use ultrasonic sensors to sense the acoustic noise. The ultrasonic sensors are pre-installed in ultrasonic water meters 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 and / or water flow meters 12 during zero-flow periods (mainly midnight) to isolate ambient noise. There are two ways to use ultrasonic water meter sensing technology for water leak detection. First, the ultrasonic sensors can directly detect the acoustic noise generated by water leaks and send this information (e.g., the detected noise signal) to the front-end system 30 for correlation analysis and determination of the leak location. Second, adjacent meters (such as water meters 14, 16, 18, etc.) can exchange ultrasonic signals, and the front-end system 30 can use the measurement results for further analysis for location detection.

[0051] The acoustic noise correlation performed by the front-end system 30 can involve analyzing the acoustic signals or noises at different points in the system to identify correlations or patterns, thereby providing an indication of leak detection in, for example, the flow tube 26. For example, acoustic sensors in the flow meter 12 and / or water meters 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24 can be placed at different positions along the flow tube 26. These sensors can capture the ambient acoustic signals or noises present in the system. The sensors continuously collect data over time in the form of acoustic signals. This data includes the ambient noise level and any transient signals that may be present, such as signals generated by leaks in the flow tube 26.

[0052] Correlate the collected data from different sensors for analysis. Acoustic signals generated by certain events, such as leaks, will propagate through the pipeline and arrive at different sensors at slightly different times. By analyzing the time delays and patterns of these signals, the signals can be correlated and the location of the source identified. When correlations are found between signals at different sensor locations, it indicates a potential event, such as a leak. The stronger the correlation, the more likely the acoustic signal source and thus the potential leak is located in that specific area. Once the correlation is established, an algorithm can be used to triangulate the location of the signal source. This helps to precisely locate the area where a leak may have occurred.

[0053] Acoustic noise correlation is particularly useful in detecting leaks in water distribution networks or gas pipelines. When there is a leak, it typically generates different acoustic signals that can be captured by sensors. By correlating these signals, operators can quickly identify the location of the leak, even if the location is not visible. This method can provide a non-invasive and effective way to monitor pipeline networks, including, for example, flow tube 26, and detect leaks at an early stage, thus minimizing water or gas losses and preventing potential damage.

[0054] By using acoustic sensors, it is possible to detect leaks through direct measurement of acoustic signals. Ultrasonic sensors placed between two meters can help identify disturbances that may indicate the presence of a leak. Then, the front-end system 30 can precisely locate the leak by correlating the data from the two meters, as Figure 1 indicated by the leak location 28 in. The front-end system 30 can utilize front-end software or User Datagram Protocol (UDP) software to consider additional environmental factors, such as water network details, pipeline installation depth, and soil characteristics (e.g., sound conductivity), before signaling the presence of a water leak.

[0055] Note that the term "front-end system" may be related to a central control unit responsible for coordinating and processing information collected by various sensors and meters in the network. In the context of leak detection, the front-end system 30 can utilize dedicated software, such as front-end software or User Datagram Protocol (UDP) software. This software can consider additional environmental factors, including water network details, pipeline installation depth, and soil characteristics (e.g., sound conductivity). By considering these factors, the front-end system can ensure a more accurate analysis before signaling the presence of a water leak.

[0056] Note that UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a transport layer protocol used in networking for communication over a network. UDP is one of the core protocols of the Internet Protocol (IP) suite. UDP can provide a connectionless, fast, and lightweight method for transferring data between devices on a network. UDP software can refer to software that utilizes the UDP protocol for communication within a network. The front-end system 30 can use UDP for certain aspects of its communication, such as for efficiently and quickly transferring data.

[0057] UDP can be used in scenarios where low-latency and real-time communication are more critical than guaranteeing the delivery of every packet. In contrast to TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), UDP may not establish a connection before transmitting data and may not provide error checking or retransmission of lost packets. This makes UDP suitable for certain applications where a small amount of packet loss is acceptable and speed is prioritized. UDP itself is a protocol, and "UDP software" can refer to software applications or systems in the described water network monitoring system (such as system 10) that can utilize the UDP protocol to meet specific communication requirements.

[0058] Active leak detection can be facilitated through water pressure analysis. Pressure sensors installed in the flow tube 26 can measure pressure, and analyzing differences from similar devices can help identify leak and burst events. Note that the term "similar devices" can relate to similar or comparable entities or components. Specifically, the term similar devices can involve a comparison with another similar element or measurement. For example, the term "similar devices" as used herein can involve comparing the pressure measurements in the flow tube 26 with the pressure measured in a similar or corresponding location or component. This peer analysis can be used to identify differences or anomalies that may indicate problems such as leak or burst events.

[0059] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a water distribution network 40 according to an embodiment is shown, which includes distribution points 48 and a set of water meters 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49. Note that for the description of the following method, water meter 42 can be referred to as M1, water meter 46 can be referred to as M2, and water meter 44 can be referred to as M3.

[0060] Considering M1, M2, and M3 as water meters, these water meters can be positioned to experience similar environments, and these water meters can be configured with D2D communication at very low power. During installation, when there is no leak situation, the water pressures of these water meters are shared, and their pressure differences are retained for later monitoring. Considering M1 retains the following:

[0061] ΔP12 = P1 - P2, and

[0062] ΔP13 = P1 - P3, such that when there is any leakage in the path from DP to P1, P2, or P3, their corresponding Δ values will exceed their thresholds.

[0063] For example, if M1 experiences ΔP12 and ΔP13, both can exceed their specified limits. This can be an indication of a leakage in the DP - M1 path. Otherwise, if only ΔP12 or ΔP13 exceeds its normal difference range, this can indicate that DP - M2 or DP - M3 may be experiencing a water leakage. This method can also be used for other meters M2 and M3, and the common results can be recorded and processed.

[0064] Figure 3 A system 11 for real - time leak detection with an indication of the burst location 29 is shown. Note that Figure 3 The embodiment shown represents Figure 1 An alternative embodiment of the embodiment shown. That is, system 11 is similar to Figure 1 the system 10 shown, but includes some minor differences.

[0065] System 11 can use D2D communication (e.g., shown as "D2D LoRa communication" in Figure 3 ). D2D communication is mainly used to close the control valve 13 in the event of a burst event (e.g., burst location 29). In this case, the flow meter 12 can be used as a distribution meter with a control valve 13 (e.g., an automatic valve) installed, and can be controlled from a remote front - end system 30 or from the water meter via D2D communication to detect the burst.

[0066] Note that D2D communication refers to direct communication between devices without the need for intermediate network infrastructure. In the context of a water distribution network, D2D communication can involve direct communication between various devices (such as sensors or meters) within the network. This can be beneficial for several reasons. For example, D2D communication can reduce the dependence on a central communication hub. Devices can communicate directly with each other, allowing for a more decentralized and resilient communication network.

[0067] Direct communication between devices generally results in lower latency because there are fewer intermediaries involved in transmitting and receiving data. This is crucial in applications where real - time or near - real - time data is very important, such as leak detection. D2D communication can be more energy - efficient compared to relaying data through multiple network nodes. Devices can communicate directly, thus minimizing the energy consumption associated with data transmission. D2D communication can be more scalable, especially in large networks. As the number of devices increases, direct communication can be a more effective way to manage the network.

[0068] D2D LoRa communication (Device-to-Device communication using LoRa) involves LoRa (Long Range), a low-power, long-range wireless communication technology well-suited for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. For example, when applied to D2D communication in a water distribution network, LoRa has specific advantages. For instance, LoRa technology enables long-range communication, making it suitable for large-scale water distribution networks where devices may be spread over a wide area. LoRa devices are designed for low power consumption, thus extending the battery life of the devices. This is beneficial in applications where devices may be deployed in remote or hard-to-reach locations. LoRa signals can also penetrate obstacles such as buildings and vegetation, ensuring communication reliability even in challenging environments.

[0069] The long-range capabilities of LoRa mean that fewer base stations may be required to cover a large area, enabling cost-effective deployment and maintenance. In a water distribution network, the advantages of D2D communication, especially when using technologies such as LoRa, can significantly improve the efficiency of leak detection systems. For example, D2D communication allows for real-time monitoring of various points in a water distribution network, enabling the rapid detection and response to leaks or anomalies. Additionally, by facilitating direct communication between sensors and meters, D2D communication reduces the dependence on centralized infrastructure, making the network more robust.

[0070] The low-power characteristics of LoRa devices also contribute to the energy efficiency of the devices, thus extending their lifespan in the field. D2D communication, especially technologies such as LoRa, provides scalability for large and complex water distribution networks, ensuring effective communication across the entire infrastructure. D2D communication, especially when leveraging technologies such as LoRa, brings advantages such as reduced dependence on central infrastructure, low latency, energy efficiency, and scalability. These benefits are crucial for optimizing water distribution networks and enhancing leak detection capabilities.

[0071] Figure 4 A set of signals 72 including acoustic signals and ultrasonic signals is shown in accordance with one or more embodiments. The disclosed embodiments may relate to leak signal extraction and localization in ultrasonic meters. Figure 4 The signals 72 shown therein are examples of signals that can be used for leak signal detection / extraction and localization in the disclosed ultrasonic meter solutions. Examples of ultrasonic signals include ultrasonic signal 62 and ultrasonic signal 68. Examples of acoustic signals include acoustic signal 64 and acoustic signal 70. Ultrasonic signals are high-frequency signals (~2MHz), which can be mixed with leak signals that are low-frequency (4Hz to 20KHz) signals. When Figure 5When the ultrasonic meters shown (such as water meters 14 and 20) receive modified / modulated reception, digital signal processing methods can be used to extract the leakage signal. This can be performed at the device / meter level and can communicate with the front-end software using, for example, an NBIoT / LoRa RF interface or a handheld module using a local interface (NFC or optical).

[0072] Figure 5 System 15 for real-time leak detection according to an embodiment is shown, including the reception of multiple device leakage signals and the execution of related methods for locating the leak. Figure 5 The system 15 shown represents Figure 1 the system 10 shown and Figure 3 an alternative version of an embodiment of the system 11 shown. Leak signal localization can be performed using, for example, front-end software that receives multiple device leakage signals and executes a correlation method for locating the leak.

[0073] Note that in Figure 5 a first length 80 (L1) and a second length (L2) are shown relative to the flow tube 26. Leak event localization can be achieved using the following method:

[0074] L1 = ((L1 + L2) – T.C) / 2

[0075] L2 = ((L1 + L2) + T.C) / 2

[0076] where L1 and L2 are the distances between the water meter and the leak positions of two adjacent meters. The parameter T represents the time difference between the signal receptions of two adjacent meters, and C is the speed of sound at the provided water temperature. C has been calculated in two devices using ultrasonic reception, and L1 + L2 is known installation data.

[0077] The only unknown is T, which needs to be calculated using the cross-correlation of the received signals S1 and S2. Correlation methods such as BCC, PHAT, and ROTH can be used. The distribution pipes of the water network act as low-pass filters, and their cut-off frequencies decrease as the distance from the leak point increases. This affects the degree of correlation between the signals as the relative distance between the leak and each sensor changes.

[0078] There is sufficient evidence to show that correlation can be achieved using audio signal samples. The water meter actuates the ultrasonic sensor faster and minimizes the audio signal size length requirements to support a 15-year device life.

[0079] Figure 6Method 100 for real-time leak detection in a water distribution network according to an embodiment is shown. As shown at block 102, a step or operation of extracting an acoustic leak signal using ultrasonic sensing can be implemented. Then, as shown at block 104, a step or operation for performing one or more of the following operations, as shown in subsequent blocks, can be initiated. For example, as depicted at block 106, a step or operation for identifying an acoustic noise signal generated by a leak can be implemented, where the acoustic noise signal can be analyzed to locate and determine the location of the leak.

[0080] As shown at block 108, a step or operation of performing acoustic sensing in a water meter using multiple independent acoustic sensors can be implemented, where the acoustic data generated by the multiple independent acoustic sensors is analyzed for leak detection data associated with the leak. Next, as depicted at block 110, a step or operation of measuring water pressure can be implemented, where the pressure data generated as a result of measuring the water pressure is analyzed for leak detection data associated with the leak. It should be understood that the above steps or operations shown in the blocks can be performed in a different order or can be performed separately as part of different embodiments. In other words, the embodiment is not limited to Figure 7 the specific order shown in

[0081] In the above description, specific details of various embodiments are provided. However, some embodiments can be implemented with fewer than all of these specific details. In other cases, for the sake of brevity and clarity, the specific methods, procedures, components, structures, and / or functions for implementing various embodiments are not described in detail.

[0082] Although the operations of the methods are shown and described herein in a particular order, the order of operations of each method can be changed so that some operations can be performed in the reverse order or so that some operations can be performed at least partially concurrently with other operations. In another embodiment, the instructions or sub-operations of different operations can be implemented in an intermittent and / or alternating manner.

[0083] It should also be noted that at least some of the operations of the methods described herein can be implemented using software instructions stored on a computer-usable storage medium for execution by a computer. For example, one embodiment of a computer program product includes a computer-usable storage medium for storing a computer-readable program.

[0084] Figure 7An example of a suitable operating environment 800 for implementing various aspects of the present disclosure is shown, which may also include a computer 812. The computer 812 may also include a processing unit 814, a system memory 816, and a system bus 818. The system bus 818 couples system components, including but not limited to the system memory 816, to the processing unit 814. The processing unit 814 may be any of a variety of available processors. Dual microprocessors and other multiprocessor architectures may also be used as the processing unit 814.

[0085] The system bus 818 may be any of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus or external bus, and / or a local bus using various available bus architectures, including but not limited to Industry Standard Architecture (ISA), Micro Channel Architecture (MSA), Extended ISA (EISA), Intelligent Drive Electronics (IDE), VESA Local Bus (VLB), Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), Card Bus, Universal Serial Bus (USB), Advanced Graphics Port (AGP), FireWire (IEEE 1094), and Small Computer System Interface (SCSI). The system memory 816 may also include volatile memory 820 and non-volatile memory 822. The Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) is stored in the non-volatile memory 822, which contains basic routines such as transferring information between elements within the computer 812 during startup.

[0086] By way of illustration and not limitation, the non-volatile memory 822 may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, or non-volatile random access memory (RAM) (e.g., ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM)). The volatile memory 820 may also include random access memory (RAM) used as an external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM may be obtained in various forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM), direct Rambus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and Rambus dynamic RAM.

[0087] The computer 812 may also include removable / non-removable, volatile / non-volatile computer storage media. For example, Figure 7Disk storage device 824 is shown. Disk storage device 824 may also include, but is not limited to, devices such as disk drives, floppy disk drives, tape drives, Jaz drives, Zip drives, LS-100 drives, flash memory cards, or memory sticks. Disk storage device 824 may also include a separate storage medium or a storage medium in combination with other storage media, including but not limited to optical disk drives, such as optical disk ROM devices (CD-ROM), CD recordable drives (CD-R drives), CD rewriteable drives (CD-RW drives), or digital versatile disk ROM drives (DVD-ROM). To facilitate connection of disk storage device 824 to system bus 818, a removable or non-removable interface, such as interface 826, is typically used.

[0088] Figure 7 Software that can act as an intermediary between a user and the basic computer resources described in a suitable operating environment 800 is also depicted. Such software may also include, for example, operating system 828. Operating system 828, which can be stored on disk storage device 824, is used to control and allocate the resources of computer 812. System applications 830 can utilize the management of resources by operating system 828 through program modules 832 and program data 834 (stored, for example, in system memory 816 or disk storage device 824). It should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented with various operating systems or combinations of operating systems. A user enters commands or information into computer 812 through input device 836. Input device 836 includes, but is not limited to, pointing devices such as a mouse, trackball, stylus, touchpad, etc., a keyboard, a microphone, a joystick, a gamepad, a satellite receiver, a scanner, a television tuner card, a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc. These and other input devices can be connected to processing unit 814 via interface port 838 through system bus 818. Interface port 838 may include, for example, serial ports, parallel ports, game ports, and universal serial bus (USB). Output device 840 may use some of the same type of ports as input device 836.

[0089] Thus, for example, a USB port can be used to provide input to computer 812 and output information from computer 812 to output device 840. Output adapter 842 is provided herein to illustrate that there may be some output devices 840, such as monitors, speakers, and printers, as well as other output devices 840 that require special adapters. By way of illustration and not limitation, output adapter 842 includes video and sound cards that provide a way to connect output device 840 to system bus 818. Note that other devices and / or device systems provide both input and output capabilities, such as remote computer 844.

[0090] The computer 812 can operate in a networked environment using a logical connection to one or more remote computers, such as remote computer 844. The remote computer 844 can be a computer, server, router, network PC, workstation, microprocessor-based device, peer device, or other common network nodes, etc., and generally can also include many or all of the elements described with respect to the computer 812. For the sake of brevity, only the memory storage device 846 of the remote computer 844 is shown. The remote computer 844 can be logically connected to the computer 812 through the network interface 848 and then physically connected via the communication connection 850.

[0091] The network interface 848 includes wired and / or wireless communication networks, such as local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), cellular networks, etc. LAN technologies include Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Copper Distributed Data Interface, Ethernet, Token Ring, etc. Wide area network technologies include, but are not limited to, point-to-point links, circuit-switched networks such as Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and its variants, packet-switched networks, and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL). The communication connection 850 refers to the hardware / software used to connect the network interface 848 to the system bus 818. Although the communication connection 850 inside the computer 812 is shown for clarity, this communication connection can also be external to the computer 812. For illustrative purposes only, the hardware / software used to connect to the network interface 848 can also include internal and external technologies, such as modems, including conventional telephone-grade modems, cable modems, and DSL modems, ISDN adapters, and Ethernet cards.

[0092] Embodiments can be implemented in the form of a system, method, apparatus, and / or computer program product at any possible level of technical detail integration. The computer program product can include one or more computer-readable storage media having computer-readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to execute aspects of the embodiments. The computer-readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer-readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the above devices.

[0093] An incomplete list of more specific examples of computer-readable storage media can also include the following: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), static random access memory, portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile discs (DVDs), memory sticks, floppy disks, mechanically encoded devices such as punch cards or raised structures in grooves having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. As used herein, a computer-readable storage medium should not be construed to be a transient signal per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission medium (e.g., optical pulses through an optical fiber cable) or electrical signals transmitted through a wire.

[0094] The computer-readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded from a computer-readable storage medium to a corresponding computing / processing device, or downloaded to an external computer or external storage device via a network (e.g., the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, and / or a wireless network). The network can include copper transmission cables, optical fiber transmissions, wireless transmissions, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and / or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in one or more of the computing / processing devices receives the computer-readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer-readable program instructions for storage in a computer-readable storage medium within the corresponding computing / processing device.

[0095] The computer-readable program instructions for carrying out operations for various aspects of the implementations can be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, configuration data for integrated circuits, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages such as Smalltalk, C++, etc., and procedural programming languages such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages.

[0096] Computer-readable program instructions may be executed entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer, or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network connection, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., through the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, an electronic circuit, including, for example, a programmable logic circuit, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or a programmable logic array (PLA), may execute the computer-readable program instructions by customizing the electronic circuit using the state information of the computer-readable program instructions to perform various aspects of the embodiments.

[0097] Aspects of the embodiments are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that one or more blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer-readable program instructions. These computer-readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions executed via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing the functions / acts specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0098] These computer-readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and / or other devices to function in a certain manner, such that the computer-readable storage medium storing the instructions comprises an article of manufacture that includes instructions for implementing aspects of the functions / acts specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart and / or block diagram. The computer-readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device to produce a computer-implemented process, such that the instructions executed on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions / acts specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0099] The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments. In this regard, one or more blocks in the flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, a segment, or a portion of instructions, which includes one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function.

[0100] In some alternative embodiments, the functions noted in the boxes may not occur in the order noted in the figures. For example, two boxes shown in succession may in fact be executed substantially concurrently, or the boxes may sometimes be executed in the reverse order depending on the functionality involved. It should also be noted that one or more boxes of the block diagrams and / or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of boxes in the block diagrams and / or flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by a special-purpose hardware-based system that performs the specified functions or acts or a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0101] Although the subject matter has been described above in the general context of computer-executable instructions of a computer and / or computer program product that runs on a computer and / or computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the present disclosure may also be implemented in whole or in part in combination with other program modules. In general, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the computer-implemented methods of the present invention may be practiced with other computer system configurations, including single-processor or multi-processor computer systems, minicomputing devices, mainframe computers, and computers, hand-held computing devices (e.g., PDAs, cellular telephones, etc.), microprocessor-based or programmable consumer or industrial electronic products, and the like. The aspects shown may also be practiced in a distributed computing environment where tasks are performed by remote processing devices linked through a communications network. However, some, if not all, aspects of the present disclosure may be practiced on stand-alone computers. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

[0102] As used in this application, the terms "component", "system", "platform", "interface", etc. may refer to and / or may include a computer-related entity or an entity related to an operable machine with one or more specific functions. The entities disclosed herein may be hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, an execution thread, a program, and / or a computer.

[0103] By way of illustration, an application running on a server and the server can both be components. One or more components may reside in a process and / or thread of execution, and a component may be located on one computer and / or distributed between two or more computers. As another example, the respective components may execute from various computer-readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components may communicate, such as via signals with one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component that interacts with another component in a local system, a distributed system, and / or across a network such as the Internet) via local and / or remote processes.

[0104] As another example, a component can be a device having a specific function provided by a mechanical part operated by an electrical or electronic circuit, where the electrical or electronic circuit is operated by a software or firmware application executed by a processor. In such a case, the processor can be located inside or outside the device and can execute at least a portion of the software or firmware application. As yet another example, a component can be a device that provides a specific function by electronic components rather than mechanical parts, where the electronic components can include a processor or other device to execute software or firmware that at least in part imparts the function to the electronic components. In one aspect, a component can simulate an electronic component via a virtual machine (e.g., within a server computing system).

[0105] Furthermore, the term "or" is intended to mean an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or". That is, unless otherwise specified or clear from the context, "X employs A or B" is intended to mean any natural inclusive arrangement. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then "X employs A or B" is satisfied in any of the foregoing instances. Additionally, the articles "a" and "an" as used in this specification and the drawings should generally be construed to mean "one or more" unless otherwise stated or clearly indicated from the context to be in the singular form. As used herein, the terms "example" and / or "exemplary" are used to denote an example, instance, or illustration. To avoid doubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by these examples. Additionally, any aspect or design described herein as "example" and / or "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or superior to other aspects or designs, nor is it intended to exclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0106] As used in this specification, the term "processor" can substantially refer to any computing processing unit or device, including but not limited to a single-core processor; a single-core processor with software multithreading execution capabilities; a multi-core processor; a multi-core processor with software multithreading execution capabilities; a multi-core processor with hardware multithreading technology; a parallel platform; and a parallel platform with distributed shared memory. Additionally, a processor can refer to an integrated circuit, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. Furthermore, a processor can utilize nanoscale architectures, such as but not limited to molecule- and quantum dot-based transistors, switches, and gates, to optimize space usage or enhance the performance of user equipment. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing processing units. In this disclosure, terms such as "memory", "storage device", "data storage", data storage device, "database", and substantially any other information storage component related to the operation and functions of components are used to refer to "memory components", the entities contained in "memory", or components including memory. It should be understood that the memory and / or memory components described herein can be volatile memory or non-volatile storage, or can include both volatile and non-volatile memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable ROM, flash memory, or non-volatile random access memory (RAM) (e.g., ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM)). Volatile memory can include RAM, for example, RAM can be used as an external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can be obtained in various forms, such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM), direct Rambus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and Rambus dynamic RAM (RDRAM). Additionally, the memory components of the systems or computer-implemented methods disclosed herein are intended to include but not limited to including these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0107] The foregoing merely includes examples of systems, computer program products, and computer-implemented methods. Of course, it is not possible to describe every possible combination of components, products, and / or computer-implemented methods for the purposes of describing the present disclosure, but one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that many other combinations and permutations of the present disclosure are possible. Additionally, where terms such as "including", "having", "owning", etc. are used in the detailed description, claims, appendices, and drawings, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to "comprising" in that "comprising" is construed as "including" when used as a transitional word in a claim. The description of the various embodiments is presented for purposes of illustration and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the disclosed embodiments. Various modifications and variations will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terms used herein were chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical application, or technical improvements seen in the marketplace, or to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0108] It should be understood that the variations and other features and functions or alternative forms thereof disclosed above can be advantageously combined into many other different systems or applications. It should also be understood that various alternatives, modifications, variations, or improvements that are currently unforeseen or unanticipated by those of ordinary skill in the art may subsequently be made, and these alternatives, modifications, variations, or improvements are also intended to be covered by the following claims.

Claims

1. A method for real-time leak detection in a water distribution network, the method comprising: Extracting acoustic leak signals using ultrasonic sensing; as well as Do one or more of the following: identifying an acoustic noise signal generated by a leak, wherein the acoustic noise signal is analyzed to locate and determine a position of the leak; performing acoustic sensing in a water meter using a plurality of independent acoustic sensors, wherein acoustic data generated by the plurality of independent acoustic sensors is analyzed for leak detection data associated with the leak; as well as The water pressure is measured, wherein pressure data generated as a result of measuring the water pressure is analyzed against leak detection data associated with the leak.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic sensing involves deploying ultrasonic sensors in a water distribution network to capture acoustic signals associated with a leak. 3 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising employing a front-end system to receive and analyze the acoustic signal for identifying patterns indicative of a leak. The method of claim 3 , further comprising generating an alert or notification based on the identified pattern.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The pressure data is compared to a baseline pressure value to identify anomalies indicative of a leak.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein extracting the acoustic leakage signal using ultrasonic sensing further comprises: One or more ultrasonic transducers operating in the frequency range of 1 MHz to 2 MHz are used to extract a 4 KHz to 40 KHz acoustic signal indicative of the leak.

7. The method of claim 1 further comprising locating the leak using comparative signal analysis and inherent valve closure.

8. A system for real-time leak detection in a water distribution network, the system comprising: A memory and at least one processor, the memory storing instructions to cause the at least one processor to execute: Extracting acoustic leak signals using ultrasonic sensing; as well as Do one or more of the following: identifying an acoustic noise signal generated by a leak, wherein the acoustic noise signal is analyzed to locate and determine a position of the leak; performing acoustic sensing in a water meter using a plurality of independent acoustic sensors, wherein acoustic data generated by the plurality of independent acoustic sensors is analyzed for leak detection data associated with the leak; as well as The water pressure is measured, wherein pressure data generated as a result of measuring the water pressure is analyzed against leak detection data associated with the leak.

9. A sensor for real-time leak detection in a water distribution network, the sensor comprising: at least one ultrasonic sensor, wherein the acoustic leakage signal is extracted using ultrasonic sensing facilitated by the at least one ultrasonic sensor; as well as Do one or more of the following: identifying an acoustic noise signal generated by a leak, wherein the acoustic noise signal is analyzed to locate and determine a position of the leak; performing acoustic sensing in a water meter using a plurality of independent acoustic sensors, wherein acoustic data generated by the plurality of independent acoustic sensors is analyzed for leak detection data associated with the leak; as well as The water pressure is measured, wherein pressure data generated as a result of measuring the water pressure is analyzed against leak detection data associated with the leak.

10. The sensor of claim 9, wherein the ultrasonic sensing involves deploying the at least one ultrasonic sensor in a water distribution network to capture acoustic signals associated with a leak.

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