Design method, structure and application of a ship-borne wave crest ridge floating breakwater

Abstract

The application discloses a ship wave sharp ridge plate floating breakwater design method, structure and application, which comprises the following steps: collecting basic data, determining the period unit structure and layout of the ship wave sharp ridge plate floating breakwater, determining the size parameters of the ship wave sharp ridge plate floating breakwater, and finally designing the ship wave sharp ridge plate floating breakwater suitable for the water area to be protected. Through the application of wave modulation theory, the application realizes the innovation of river and sea coast protection technology, significantly improves the energy dissipation and wave breaking efficiency, and considers the environmental friendliness and economy, so that the structure design protects the mangrove vegetation belt and reduces the cost. In addition, the modular and customized design method enhances the flexibility and construction convenience of the structure, allows quick adaptation to different water environment and requirements, and provides an efficient, environmentally friendly and economical solution for river and sea coast protection.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of floating breakwater, in particular to a ship wave cusp ridge plate floating breakwater design method, structure and application. BACKGROUND

[0002] Floating breakwater can adapt to large water depth, weak foundation, large tidal range and water exchange introduction and so on. This means that they can be used in a variety of environments without being limited by foundation conditions. Floating breakwater has less impact on sediment and ecological environment, and is more environmentally friendly. Moreover, due to its floating structure, floating breakwater has good mobility and can be quickly deployed as a temporary building when needed. Especially in the river range where mangroves are densely distributed, the wave is small, the mangrove is mainly affected by the ship wave, and the wave energy is mainly concentrated on the water surface. In this case, the floating breakwater has high energy dissipation efficiency and is more cost-effective. Therefore, floating breakwater has the characteristics of economy, ecology, convenient construction and so on, and has very broad development prospects.

[0003] Existing research shows that floating breakwater has good wave dissipation effect on short period waves, but there are few research results on the wave dissipation effect of ship waves. Therefore, it is very important to research and develop new floating breakwaters that can provide excellent shelter effect under the action of ship waves. China has numerous rivers and developed shipping, and there are various ship types. Building high-efficiency floating breakwaters faces great challenges. New structural forms, wave dissipation mechanisms, design and engineering applications are still in the initial stage.

[0004] Therefore, how to invent a ship wave floating breakwater with universality under different environmental characteristics, reveal its wave dissipation mechanism under ship waves, improve the wave dissipation efficiency of the ship wave floating breakwater, and further improve the wave modulation effect of the ship wave floating breakwater on waves, is a problem that needs to be solved at present. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a ship wave cusp ridge plate floating breakwater design method, structure and application, which adopts wave modulation theory. The energy dissipation and wave dissipation cusp ridge plate floating structure has a special structure of triple wave dissipation combination, uses wave interference to change the wave propagation path, realizes efficient reflection of waves, reduces wave transmission rate, dissipates wave energy, realizes modular design, and is flexible and convenient for construction and expansion.

[0006] The present application is implemented as follows:

[0007] The first aspect is a ship wave cusp ridge plate floating breakwater design method, and the design method steps are as follows:

[0008] Step 1, collect hydrological condition and ship type characteristic data of the water area to be sheltered;

[0009] The hydrological conditions of the proposed sheltered sea area include a design navigation water level;

[0010] The ship type characteristics include a ship wave height H, a ship wave length L, and a ship wave direction θ;

[0011] Step 2, determining the period unit structure and layout of the ship wave cusp ridge plate floating breakwater;

[0012] S21, constructing a floating breakwater structure with three wave-damping and energy-dissipating modules;

[0013] The first module is that the outer side of the period unit structure is provided with a cusp ridge-shaped perforated plate, and the wave interacts with the cusp ridge-shaped perforated plate to break the wave;

[0014] The cusp ridge-shaped perforated plate cusp ridge-shaped vertex B and the bottom end form a straight line AB or a straight line BC perpendicular to the ship wave direction θ;

[0015] S22, the second module, using wave modulation theory, a plurality of same equal-sided cusp ridge-shaped perforated plates are sequentially connected to form a wave ridge plate group, and a rhythm structure is formed;

[0016] The length r of the bottom edge AC of the cusp ridge-shaped perforated plate and the ship wave direction θ and the main wave length L of the proposed sheltered water area need to satisfy the following formula:

[0017]

[0018] Here ε1=1, 2, 3… ε1 represents the diffraction secondary, and is a positive number;

[0019] S23, the third module, a floating box is constructed in the inner side of the period unit structure, and the floating box is a rectangular wave-damping cavity composed of perforated plates, so that the wave moves back and forth in it, further dissipating the energy of the wave; Step 3, determining the size parameters of each period unit structure in the ship wave cusp ridge plate floating breakwater;

[0020] Step 4, a plurality of the period unit structures are sequentially connected to form the ship wave cusp ridge plate floating breakwater.

[0021] Further, the wave ridge plate group is three or four groups, three groups are connected to the upper and lower surfaces and the front surface facing the wave of the floating box, and four groups are connected to the upper and lower surfaces and the front and rear surfaces of the floating box; the length of the floating box is equal to the length of each group of the wave ridge plate group, that is, the number N of the cusp ridge-shaped perforated plate structures needs to satisfy the following formula:

[0022] Nr=a.

[0023] Further, the floating box is provided with n perforated partitions facing the front of the box at equal distances, where n≥1.

[0024] Further, the bottom surface of the stacked wave ridge plate group is in a straight line, and the tip ridge-shaped top point B and the bottom surface end point form straight lines AB and BC with equal distances.

[0025] Further, the height of the whole of each periodic unit structure in the ship wave tip ridge plate floating breakwater is 2-4 times the ship wave height.

[0026] Further, the stacked wave ridge plate group is three groups in total, the length and width of the stacked wave ridge plate group are equivalent to the floating box body, the stacked wave ridge plate group is connected to the upper and lower surfaces and the front and rear surfaces of the floating box body, the edges are fitted with the floating box body, and the wave direction of the stacked wave ridge plate group connected to the upper and lower surfaces and the front and rear surfaces of the floating box body is arranged horizontally in the left and right directions.

[0027] Further, the stacked wave ridge plate group is four groups in total, the length and width of the stacked wave ridge plate group are equivalent to the floating box body, the stacked wave ridge plate group is connected to the upper and lower surfaces and the front and rear surfaces of the floating box body, the edges are fitted with the floating box body, and the wave direction of the stacked wave ridge plate group connected to the upper and lower surfaces and the front and rear surfaces of the floating box body is arranged horizontally in the left and right directions.

[0028] The second aspect of the present application is a ship wave tip ridge plate floating breakwater periodic unit based on the ship wave tip ridge plate floating breakwater design method, comprising a floating box body and a stacked wave ridge plate group, the floating box body is a rectangular box body composed of an open hole plate, n blocks of open hole partitions facing the front of the box body are arranged at equal distances in the floating box body, wherein n≥1, the interior space of the box body is orderly divided into multiple equal interval spaces;

[0029] The left and right two sides of the floating box body are square; the stacked wave ridge plate group is composed of multiple same isosceles tip ridge-shaped open hole plates connected in turn, the bottom surface is on a horizontal line, and the upper part forms an undulating wave-shaped surface; the tip ridge-shaped open hole plate is a tip ridge-shaped plate composed of two same rectangular open hole plates; the stacked wave ridge plate group is at least three groups, the length and width of the stacked wave ridge plate group are equivalent to the floating box body, the stacked wave ridge plate group is connected to the upper and lower surfaces and the front surface of the floating box body, the edges are fitted with the floating box body, and the wave direction of the stacked wave ridge plate group connected to the upper and lower surfaces and the front surface of the floating box body is arranged horizontally in the left and right directions.

[0030] The third aspect of the present application is the above structure used for a ship type wave tip ridge plate floating breakwater device, which can protect rivers, lakes and coasts.

[0031] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. The invention is composed of three wave-absorbing modules. Firstly, when waves reach the sharp-ridged perforated plate, the two interact to generate wave breaking, producing the first wave-absorbing effect. Secondly, the invention uses wave modulation theory to connect the sharp-ridged plates in turn, forming a rhythmic structure. By utilizing wave interference to change the wave propagation path, it achieves efficient reflection of waves and reduces wave transmission. Finally, the waves move back and forth in the rectangular wave-absorbing cavity composed of rectangular perforated plates, generating energy dissipation. This technical innovation not only enhances the effectiveness of river and sea shore protection, but also provides a more scientific and efficient method for river and sea shore protection.

[0033] 2. The modular design of the ship wave sharp-ridged plate floating breakwater provides high flexibility, construction convenience, and scalability. It can quickly adjust the structural layout according to actual needs. At the same time, the convenience of construction and maintenance is improved, allowing the structure to be quickly deployed and adjusted to adapt to changing water environments and needs. In addition, the structure design takes into account environmental protection and economic benefits, with customized design to adapt to different water environments while reducing material usage and costs.

[0034] The invention will be further explained in detail in the following description and specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the periodic unit structure of the ship wave sharp-ridged plate floating breakwater of the invention;

[0036] Figure 2 is a front view of the periodic unit structure of the ship wave sharp-ridged plate floating breakwater of the invention;

[0037] Figure 3 is a top view of the periodic unit structure of the ship wave sharp-ridged plate floating breakwater of the invention;

[0038] Figure 4 is a left view of the periodic unit structure of the ship wave sharp-ridged plate floating breakwater of the invention;

[0039] Figure 5 is a diagram of the relationship between the periodic unit structure of the ship wave sharp-ridged plate floating breakwater of the invention and the wave direction;

[0040] Figure 6 is a wave-absorbing effect diagram of the ship wave sharp-ridged plate floating breakwater of the invention;

[0041] Figure 7 is a diagram of the relationship between the periodic unit structure of the ship wave sharp-ridged plate floating breakwater of the invention and the wave direction;

[0042] Figure 8 is a left view of the periodic unit structure of the ship wave sharp-ridged plate floating breakwater of the invention.

[0043] Figure: 10 floating box, 20 wave ridge plate group, 1 sharp ridge-shaped perforated plate, 2 perforated partition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] Example 1:

[0045] This embodiment is a ship wave sharp ridge plate floating breakwater design method, as shown in the figure, the design method steps are as follows: Figures 1-8

[0046] Step 1, collect the hydrological conditions and ship type characteristic data of the water area to be covered:

[0047] S11, the hydrological conditions of the sea area to be covered include: design navigation water level 6.3m;

[0048] S12, the ship type characteristics include: ship wave height H, wavelength L, ship wave direction θ, this embodiment H=0.353m, L=7.54m, θ=35.14°.

[0049] Step 2, determine the layout of the ship wave sharp ridge plate floating breakwater periodic unit structure:

[0050] The design idea is to build a floating breakwater structure with three wave dissipation and energy dissipation modules, which is composed of a plurality of periodic unit structures, including: the first structure, a plurality of sharp ridge-shaped perforated plates are arranged on the outer side of the periodic unit structure, and the waves interact with the sharp ridge-shaped perforated plates to break the waves; the second structure, using the modulation theory of wave motion, the sharp ridge-shaped perforated plates are sequentially connected to form a rhythmic structure, so that the waves have a phase difference during propagation, and the wave propagation path is changed by using wave interference; the third structure, a rectangular wave dissipation cavity composed of perforated plates is built on the inner side of the periodic unit structure, so that the waves move back and forth in it, further dissipating the energy of the waves.

[0051] S21, the ship wave sharp ridge plate floating breakwater periodic unit structure is composed of a floating box 10 and a wave ridge plate group 20, the floating box 10 is a rectangular box composed of four rectangular perforated plates and two square perforated plates, and the wave ridge plate group 20 is composed of a plurality of same isosceles sharp ridge-shaped perforated plates 1 connected in sequence; the wave ridge plate group 20 in this embodiment is three groups, which are connected to the upper and lower surfaces and the front surface facing the waves of the floating box 10;

[0052] S22, the floating box 10 is provided with n equidistant rectangular perforated partitions inside, where n≥1, and n is 2 in this embodiment;

[0053] S23, the wave ridge plate group 20 is on the same straight line;

[0054] ​S24, since the ship wave energy is mainly gathered in the water surface, the vertical height m of the ship wave crest plate floating breakwater period unit is 2-4 times of the ship wave height, and the embodiment is calculated as 4 times, m=4H=1.41m;

[0055] S25, the vertex B of the pointed ridge-shaped opening plate 1 and the bottom end point form a straight line AB or a straight line BC perpendicular to the ship wave direction θ;

[0056] S26, the length r of the bottom edge AC of the pointed ridge-shaped opening plate 1 and the main wavelength L of the ship wave direction θ of the water area to be sheltered satisfy the following formula:

[0057]

[0058] S27, the wave superposition ridge plate group 20 is composed of three groups, each group is composed of a plurality of pointed ridge-shaped opening plates 1, and the number of the pointed ridge-shaped opening plates 1 is N, and in the embodiment, N=4.

[0059] Step 3, determine the size parameters of each period unit structure in the ship wave crest plate floating breakwater:

[0060] The size of the period unit structure includes: the vertical height m of the unit structure, the length a of the floating box 10, the height b of the floating box 10, the width b of the floating box 10, the height h of the pointed ridge-shaped opening plate 1, the width r of the pointed ridge-shaped opening plate 1, and the number N of the pointed ridge-shaped opening plate 1;

[0061] According to the hydrological conditions of the water area to be sheltered and the ship type characteristic data and the layout of the period unit structure, the vertical height m of the period unit structure is 1.41m, the number N of the pointed ridge-shaped opening plate 1 is 4, the ship wave length L is 7.54m, and the ship wave direction θ is 35.14°, and here 35° is taken for convenience of calculation;

[0062] The length r of the bottom edge AC of the pointed ridge-shaped opening plate 1 and the main wavelength L of the ship wave direction θ of the water area to be sheltered satisfy the formula of step S26.

[0063] The value of r will affect the height of the pointed ridge-shaped opening plate and the overall change of the structure, and since the navigation water level is shallow in the embodiment, preferably, ε1 is 10 in the embodiment, and calculation can obtain that r is 0.46m;

[0064] According to the design scheme, the ship wave direction θ is perpendicular to AB or BC, ∠BAD=180-90-35=55° is calculated, according to the trigonometric function tanθ=BD / AD=h / 0.5r, the height h of the pointed ridge-shaped opening plate 1 is calculated as 0.33m,

[0065] Therefore, the height b of the floating box 10 is m-2h=0.75m.

[0066] The length a of the floating box 10 is Nr=1.84 m, that is, the length of each periodic unit structure is 1.84 m (the calculation above retains two decimal places, and the length of the periodic unit structure can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the adjustment method is usually to change the value of N).

[0067] The comprehensive data of the embodiment are as follows: the vertical height m of the periodic unit structure is 1.41 m, the number of the three groups of sharp-ridge-shaped perforated plates 1 is 3N=12, the ship wave wavelength L is 7.54 m, the ship wave direction θ is 35.14°; the length a of the floating box 10 is 1.84 m, the height b of the floating box 10 is 0.75 m, the height h of the sharp-ridge-shaped perforated plate 1 is 0.33 m, and the width r of the sharp-ridge-shaped perforated plate 1 is 0.46 m.

[0068] Step 4: sequentially connecting a plurality of the periodic unit structures to form the ship wave sharp-ridge plate floating breakwater.

[0069] Embodiment 2:

[0070] The ship wave sharp-ridge plate floating breakwater of the embodiment is composed of a plurality of ship wave sharp-ridge plate floating breakwater periodic units, as shown in Figure 1 and Figures 7-8 The periodic unit includes a floating box 10 and a wave superposition ridge plate group 20, the floating box 10 is a rectangular box composed of perforated plates, two perforated partitions 2 facing the front of the box are arranged at equal distances in the floating box 10, so as to orderly divide the internal space of the box into three equal intervals, and the left and right two side surfaces of the floating box 10 are square;

[0071] The wave superposition ridge plate group 20 is sequentially connected by a plurality of same isosceles sharp-ridge-shaped perforated plates 1, the bottom surface is on a horizontal line, and the upper surface forms an orderly wavy surface;

[0072] The sharp-ridge-shaped perforated plate 1 is a sharp-ridge-shaped plate composed of two same rectangular perforated plates.

[0073] The wave superposition ridge plate group 20 is composed of four groups, as shown in Figure 1 and Figures 7-8 The length and width of the wave superposition ridge plate group 20 are equal to those of the floating box 10, the wave superposition ridge plate group 20 is connected to the upper and lower surfaces and the front and rear surfaces of the floating box 10, the edges of the wave superposition ridge plate group 20 are matched with the floating box 10, and the wave direction of the wave superposition ridge plate group 20 connected to the upper and lower surfaces and the front and rear surfaces of the floating box 10 is arranged horizontally along the left and right directions.

[0074] The perforated plate is made of PVC material.

[0075] The ship wave sharp-ridge plate floating breakwater of the embodiment is composed of a plurality of ship wave sharp-ridge plate floating breakwater periodic units, as shown in Figure 1As shown, the three wave-absorbing modules are composed of a sharp-ridged opening plate 1, and the wave first reaches the sharp-ridged opening plate 1, and the interaction between the two produces wave breaking, thereby generating the first wave-absorbing effect; secondly, the sharp-ridged opening plate 1 is connected in turn to form a rhythmic structure according to the wave modulation theory, the wave propagation path is changed by using wave interference, the wave is reflected efficiently, and the wave transmittance is reduced; finally, a rectangular wave-absorbing cavity composed of rectangular opening plates is arranged, and the wave moves back and forth in the cavity to dissipate energy. Figure 6 is the wave-absorbing effect diagram of the ship wave sharp-ridged plate floating breakwater obtained by the design method of the present application. In the diagram, the black part represents the sharp-ridged plate floating breakwater structure of the present application, the line shape in front (left side) represents the change of the ship wave height state, and the line shape in the back (right side) represents the ship wave state after passing through the sharp-ridged plate floating breakwater structure of the present application. From the diagram, the change of the free surface height of the wave can be seen, the free surface height difference in the back (right side) of the sharp-ridged plate floating breakwater structure is obviously smaller, the wave is stable, the wave energy is obviously reduced, the effect of shielding the back is achieved, and the protection effect on the mangrove vegetation zone is effectively achieved.

[0076] In this embodiment, according to the experimental equipment and prototype size, a 1:10 length scale is used to perform the energy dissipation experiment. The ship model is scaled according to a 1:10 scale of a 5000DWT bulk carrier, the ship model size is 7m*1.5m, the ship speed is set to 1.35m / s. The experiment is performed under three water depths of 1.05m, 1.09m and 1.13m, and the floating breakwater characteristics are studied. According to the pre-experiment, the effective energy dissipation rate of the floating breakwater is about 60%-75%.

[0077] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and is not limited. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred arrangement, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application (such as the use of various formulas, the order of steps, etc.) can be modified or replaced equivalently without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for designing a ship-borne wave crest ridge floating breakwater, characterized in that: The design method steps are as follows: Step 1: Collect data on the hydrological conditions and ship characteristics of the waters to be protected; The hydrological conditions of the sea area to be protected include: the designed navigation water level; Ship characteristics include: ship wave height H, wavelength L, and ship wave direction θ; Step 2, determining the periodic unit structure and layout of the ship wave peak ridge plate floating breakwater; S21, construct a floating breakwater structure with triple wave-absorbing and energy-dissipating modules; In the first structure, a sharp ridge-shaped perforated plate (1) is arranged on the outer side of the periodic unit structure, and when the waves reach the sharp ridge-shaped perforated plate (1), they interact with each other and break the waves; The apex B of the pointed ridge opening plate (1) and the end point of the bottom surface form a straight line AB or a straight line BC which is perpendicular to the wave direction θ of the ship wave; S22, the second structure, adopts the wave modulation theory, and sequentially connects a plurality of the same isosceles pointed ridge opening plates (1) to form a stacked wave ridge plate group (20), forming a rhythmic structure; The length r of the bottom side AC of the pointed ridge perforated plate (1) and the wave direction θ and main wavelength L of the ship wave in the intended protected water area must satisfy the following formula: Here ε1 = 1, 2, 3…ε1 represents the diffraction order and is a positive number; S23, a third structure, a floating box (10) is constructed inside the periodic unit structure, the floating box (10) is a rectangular parallelepiped wave-absorbing cavity composed of perforated plates, allowing waves to move back and forth in it, further dissipating the energy of the waves; Step 3, determining the size parameters of each periodic unit structure in the ship wave peak ridge plate floating breakwater; Step 4: multiple periodic unit structures are sequentially connected to form the ship-borne wave crest ridge floating breakwater.

2. The method for designing a ship-borne wave crest ridge floating breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stacked wave ridge plate groups (20) are three or four groups, three groups are connected to the upper and lower surfaces and the front surface facing the waves of the floating box (10), and four groups are connected to the upper and lower surfaces and the front and rear surfaces of the floating box (10); the length of the floating box (10) is equal to the length of each group of the stacked wave ridge plate groups (20), that is, the number N of the pointed ridge perforated plate (1) structures must satisfy the following formula: Nr=a.

3. The design method of ship-borne wave crest ridge floating breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: N perforated partitions (2) facing the front of the floating box (10) are arranged at equal distances in the floating box (10), where n≥1.

4. The method for designing a ship-borne wave crest ridge floating breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the stacked corrugated ridge plate group (20) forms a straight line, and the apex B of the pointed ridge and the end point of the bottom surface form a straight line AB and a straight line BC with equal distances.

5. The method for designing a ship-borne wave crest ridge floating breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overall height of each periodic unit structure in the ship wave peak ridge plate floating breakwater is 2 to 4 times the height of the ship wave.

6. The method for designing a ship-borne wave crest ridge floating breakwater according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are three groups of the stacked wave ridge plate groups (20). The length and width of the stacked wave ridge plate groups (20) are equal to those of the floating box (10). The stacked wave ridge plate groups (20) are connected to the upper and lower surfaces and the front surface of the floating box (10). The edges are matched with the floating box (10). The wave direction of the stacked wave ridge plate groups (20) connected to the upper and lower surfaces and the front and back surfaces of the floating box (10) is arranged horizontally in the left and right directions.

7. The method for designing a ship-borne wave crest ridge floating breakwater according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are four groups of the stacked wave ridge plate groups (20). The length and width of the stacked wave ridge plate groups (20) are equal to those of the floating box (10). The stacked wave ridge plate groups (20) are connected to the upper and lower surfaces and the front and rear surfaces of the floating box (10). The edges are matched with the floating box (10). The wave direction of the stacked wave ridge plate groups (20) connected to the upper and lower surfaces and the front and rear surfaces of the floating box (10) is arranged horizontally in the left and right directions.

8. A periodic unit structure of a ship-borne wave crest ridge plate floating breakwater, based on the design method of a ship-borne wave crest ridge plate floating breakwater according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The invention comprises a floating box (10) and a stacked ridge plate group (20), wherein the floating box (10) is a rectangular box composed of perforated plates, and n perforated partitions (2) facing the front of the box are arranged at equal distances in the floating box (10), where n is greater than or equal to 1, so as to divide the internal space of the box into a plurality of equal-distance intervals in an orderly manner; The left and right sides of the floating box (10) are square; the stacked wave ridge plate group (20) is composed of a plurality of identical isosceles pointed ridge perforated plates (1) connected in sequence, with the bottom surface on a horizontal line and an undulating and orderly wavy surface formed on the top; the pointed ridge perforated plates (1) are pointed ridge plates composed of two identical rectangular perforated plates; the stacked wave ridge plate groups (20) are at least three groups, the length and width of the stacked wave ridge plate groups (20) are equal to the floating box (10), the stacked wave ridge plate groups (20) are connected to the upper and lower surfaces and the front surface of the floating box (10), the edges are matched with the floating box (10), and the wave direction of the stacked wave ridge plate groups (20) connected to the upper and lower surfaces and the front surface of the floating box (10) is arranged horizontally in the left and right directions.

9. A ship-type wave crest ridge plate floating breakwater periodic unit structure according to claim 8 is used in a ship-type wave crest ridge plate floating breakwater device, which can protect rivers, lakes and coasts.

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