Water treatment system

Abstract

The invention relates to a water purification system without using chemical substances. The main part of the system is: a chamber having an inlet and an outlet for flowing incoming and outgoing air into a water-containing tank; at least one UV radiation lamp; optionally, a UV radiation reflective cover on the inner wall of the chamber; at least one double magnetic ring pair; and a skeleton for occupying a central volume of the chamber about a central longitudinal axis of the chamber. The frame includes an interior space for receiving the lamp and a retaining element for retaining the pair of dual magnet rings around the lamp. The UV radiation reflective cover is configured to amplify the interaction of UV radiation with oxygen molecules in the incoming air. The dual magnet ring pair is configured to enhance the local magnetic field, increase the number and average lifetime of aggressive oxygen molecules, and improve water purification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a non-chemical water cleaning system, and particularly to a system and device for converting ambient air into radical oxygen for further water cleaning purposes. Background Art

[0002] Due to the continuous pollution of water and the need to supply drinking water, water purification has become an essential requirement. Different methods, both chemical and non-chemical, are proposed for water purification. Regarding non-chemical methods, the prior art and systems disclosed herein only relate to partial aspects of chamber models for purifying water and related functions by generating purified reaction gases or air. Therefore, in all previous prior arts, the integration of system components including a UV radiation source, a magnetic field generation source, and an air flow device into the chamber is as decoupled as possible to obtain the maximum efficiency and optimal performance of the system. For example, in Johnson's U.S. Patent No. 4,655,933, the ferromagnetic element that induces a magnetic flux field inside the air flow chamber is located outside or at the corner of the chamber, probably to eliminate any unwanted interference that might be introduced into the ambient air gas flowing from the inlet to the outlet of the chamber, reducing the performance of the entire system. Thus, in the related embodiments disclosed by Johnson, the interaction between the ambient air molecules and the magnetic field induced by the ferromagnetic rods in the disclosed configuration is limited by the diameter of the air chamber and its geometry. These parameters are designed based on different considerations, including the required air capacity and water cleaning rate. Unfortunately, such design rules and architectures do not leave enough room / degrees of freedom for those skilled in the art to design and manufacture an efficient system optimized according to the requirements of a specific application and the corresponding client needs. Similarly, U.S. Patent No. 9,321,655 to Kolstad et al. discloses a similar method and device, but the performance is improved because the anti-symmetrically configured magnetic rods induce a greater magnetic flux on the oxygen component of the air. Due to the use of ferromagnetic rods, Johnson and Kolstad encountered the following problems that reduced the performance of the ionization chamber: i. The magnetic field does not have coaxial cylindrical symmetry, so it introduces non-concentric interference to the incoming flowing ambient gas. The non-concentric distribution of the radicalized gas results in a higher physical interaction between the chamber wall and the ambient flowing gas profile, which mimics the cylindrical shape of the chamber. Due to this interference, a higher recombination rate is expected due to the higher interaction between the oxygen radicals and the ambient gas components. ii. For optimal performance, the magnetic rods and related polarizations need to be aligned relative to the ionization chamber and relative to other magnetic rods between a given position and adjacent positions. To overcome this, Kolstad et al. embedded the magnetic rods inside long magnetic tubes. The magnetic rods solved the alignment problem; however, they also occupied a considerable volume inside the ionization chamber, reducing its ability to conduct compressed ambient air. Therefore, any slight increase in the rod diameter may increase the magnetic field in the ionization chamber, significantly reducing the free volume of the ionization chamber and limiting the options for optimizing the ionization chamber performance.

[0003] To make up for the above deficiencies, the UV power specification or the compressed gas level can be increased. However, this may create unwanted thermal instability and further reduce the performance of the ionization chamber.

[0004] All the necessary components in the ionization chamber, when properly configured together, can avoid unwanted side effects that reduce system efficiency, its ionization rate, and cleaning characteristics. Such unwanted side effects may be due to unnecessary increases in UV power radiation caused by scattering and absorption, as well as unwanted asymmetric geometric interferences that limit the coupling between UV and ambient gas. Alternatively, the UV power can be enhanced or the rate of compressed air can be increased. However, any change in the ionization chamber characteristics may alter the thermal and other characteristics of the air flow, thereby reducing system efficiency. In another aspect, an inefficient magnitude of the magnetic flux applied to the oxygen paramagnetic gas molecules in the chamber results in low system efficiency, which can only operate properly at low compression values of the flowing air.

[0005] In addition, too high a compressed gas value or UV power may result in a higher gas temperature, and the recombination rate of oxygen-phase free radicals returning to their natural diatomic and / or neutral state increases significantly. This is due to a relatively increased interaction between oxygen molecules and the chamber sidewalls, as well as between radicalized oxygen molecules and other neutral oxygen, nitrogen, and other non-radical air molecules.

[0006] WO 2019 / 135239, which is assigned to the applicant of the present invention and incorporated herein by reference, describes a chemical-free water purification system. Its main parts include a chamber that houses one or more pairs of magnetic rings arranged along the length of the chamber, a UV lamp located at the center of the chamber, and a skeleton that holds the magnetic rings and the UV lamp in their centers. The configuration of the system is substantially concentric to minimize interference with the profile and distribution of the incoming and outgoing air. The results of water treatment with radicalized oxygen in the chamber show that inorganic, organic, and biological impurities are significantly reduced, and the water becomes clear and transparent to a very high level. It is believed that these impurities decompose into fragments or react with other impurity compounds or water molecules to form precipitates. The purified water shows a low level of organic, inorganic, and biological impurities and is suitable for drinking by farm animals, especially suitable for farm animals. However, it must meet higher standards under more stringent specifications to be suitable for use. For this purpose, on-site experiments show that in certain cases, the chamber should be modified to provide a more effective and / or increased production of radicalized oxygen, thereby more effectively reducing the concentration of impurities to the required level.

[0007] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an improved, effective, and high-performance non-chemical water cleaning system.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a water cleaning system having a radicalized molecular oxygen generation chamber with a concentric configuration and amplified UV radiation and magnetic field to improve the production of ionized allotropic oxygen introduced into the water as a cleaning agent.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a system in which the coupling of variables affecting the production of oxygen allotropes improves the water cleaning efficiency of the system to further reduce the concentration level of impurities according to the required standards.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method that can be scaled according to the volume of the water storage tank.

[0011] As the description proceeds, this and other objects and embodiments of the present invention will become apparent. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0012] The present invention relates to non-chemical water purification, treatment, and maintenance systems. In particular, the present invention relates to systems that utilize modified air, which is radicalized / excited and introduced into a container of contaminated water using a mechanical pressure pump / compressor and a gas guiding device. The air radicals and their associated products undergo strong electrical and chemical reactions with the contaminated water, almost completely eliminating the pollutants dissolved, precipitated, flushed, and discharged from the system, leaving highly purified water. Chemical water purification systems are well known in the prior art. However, such treatment can only produce partial water purification and generate additional chemical by-products with side effects. In contrast to these systems, the present invention does not use any supplementary materials for inorganic and organic infections, such as chemical detergents or biocides, nor does it have any side effects or undesirable by-products. Similar non-chemical prior art systems are disclosed, such as the systems in U.S. Patent Nos. 4655933 and 9321665 described above.

[0013] WO 2019 / 135239, assigned to the applicant of the present invention and incorporated herein by reference, describes a water purification system that does not use chemicals. Its configuration includes the following:

[0014] A chamber that includes an inlet and an outlet for allowing incoming and outgoing air to flow into the chamber and out of the chamber and into a water-containing tank;

[0015] At least one UV radiation lamp;

[0016] At least one pair of magnetic rings; and

[0017] A skeleton configured to occupy the central volume of the chamber from top to bottom around the central longitudinal axis of the chamber, where the skeleton includes an internal space for accommodating at least one UV radiation lamp and at least one pair of holding elements for holding at least one pair of magnetic rings around at least one UV radiation lamp,

[0018] where the outer diameter of the magnetic ring is less than the inner diameter of the chamber, and the distance between each pair of adjacent holding elements on the skeleton creates a local magnetic field when these pairs of magnetic rings are placed on the holding elements,

[0019] The purification system includes a concentric configuration to minimally interfere with the profile and distribution of the incoming and outgoing air. At least one pair of magnetic rings are positioned parallel to each other and are configured to induce a maximum concentric magnetic flux field on the molecules of the incoming and outgoing flowing air.

[0020] The configuration of the chamber in WO 2019 / 135239 shows a significant reduction in inorganic, organic, and biological impurities, and the water becomes clear and transparent, reaching a very high level. It can be assumed that these impurities break down into fragments or react with other impurity compounds or water molecules to form precipitates. The purified water shows low levels of organic, inorganic, and biological impurities and is suitable for drinking by farm animals, especially for farm animals. However, more contaminated water requires enhancing the capacity of the chamber to generate a greater number of radical oxygen molecules in a given volume of incoming and outgoing air, especially for attacking biological contaminants and removing them from the water reservoir so that it can be used by farm animals. Therefore, to further purify the water to meet higher standards and specifications, the characteristics of the chamber need to be modified to increase the probability of generating radical oxygen molecules and their average lifetime in the excited state. It can be considered that an increase in these two parameters will increase the number of radical oxygen molecules in each given volume of air and the level of water purification due to the diffusion of radical oxygen into the water.

[0021] The main problem is how to make such improvements in a closed chamber without changing its size and internal structure. Maintaining the current size, structure, and internal configuration of the chamber that houses the magnetic rings and UV radiation - generating lamps, while increasing its radical molecular oxygen capacity, is beneficial for the compact size of the system. In turn, the improved capacity of the system is beneficial for its ability to handle a large number of water reservoirs without generally expanding the volume of the system, especially the volume of the chamber. Therefore, increasing the production of radical oxygen molecules requires changing the interior of the chamber while maintaining the constraints of its volume and general physical model, which can be considered applicable to the configuration of the chamber.

[0022] Therefore, the present invention includes the following improvements to the chamber without changing the basic size, shape, and internal configuration of the chamber. In addition, the fluid interfaces and electrical contacts with the water tank and air pump also remain unchanged, enabling the chamber to maintain the same internal air - flow parameters and be connected to the water tank in the same way:

[0023] 1. To enhance the effect of radiation on the incoming oxygen molecules, the inner surface of the chamber wall is covered with an electromagnetic radiation reflecting cover that is suitable for reflecting UV radiation within the wavelength range generated and radiated by a UV lamp. It can be considered that this returned radiation reflected by the reflecting cover will interact with a greater number of oxygen molecules in any given volume within the chamber and electrically excite a greater number of oxygen molecules in a specific proportion. Even if this proportion is not linear, it is believed that the increase in the number of radicalized oxygen molecules and the addition of radicalized oxygen contribute to an increase in the overall production. In the case of non-mirror UV radiation in the previous configuration, this increase can be appropriately represented by multiplying the volume concentration of oxygen molecules by a coefficient between 0 and 1. Alternatively, for an improved chamber, a coefficient of 1.X can be used, where X is between 0 and 0.99, where the previous chamber configuration is considered the baseline and is represented by a coefficient value of 1.

[0024] The number of magnetic ring pairs is doubled. That is, as shown in the figure, an additional ring with a certain magnetic strength is added to each ring in a magnetic ring pair. This generates a stronger magnetic field but maintains its spatial position relative to the magnetic field generated by adjacent magnetic ring pairs around the main axis of the chamber. Here, it can be considered that the enhanced local magnetic field allows more radicalized oxygen molecules to aggregate within the limited magnetic field volume inside the chamber. Further, it can be considered that the average lifetime of radicalized oxygen molecules is proportional to the size of the aggregate of radicalized oxygen molecules in the magnetic field. The larger the aggregate, the longer the average lifetime of radicalized oxygen molecules. This is because a larger aggregate can maintain the excited state of oxygen molecules for a longer time through collisions between molecules in the excited state. The fewer the ground-state oxygen molecules in the aggregate, or the higher the ratio between the excited molecules and the incoming ground-state molecules within the limited volume of the magnetic field, the longer the average lifetime of the excited molecules and the fewer the number of excited molecules that return to the ground state before leaving the chamber and entering the water tank. In one embodiment of the present invention, the radicalized oxygen molecule generation chamber for a water purification and treatment system has a cylindrical geometry, including a housing sleeve with a cylindrical geometry, where the housing frame has a cylindrical geometry.

[0025] In another embodiment of the present invention, the radicalized oxygen molecule generation chamber for water purification and treatment further includes multiple sets of concentric cylindrical ferromagnetic rings that are arranged at the top, center, and bottom positions along the main axis of the tube chamber with similar relative magnetic polarities or relative opposite magnetic polarities, where each set includes magnetic rings with opposite magnetic polarities. These rings are mechanically connected to the skeleton carrier through a base bracket.

[0026] In another embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic rings are arranged in pairs to generate a spatially local magnetic field within the volume of the chamber. Additionally, in another embodiment, the rings are arranged in groups, where each group includes a pair of double rings facing each other with opposite or the same polarity.

[0027] In another embodiment of the present invention, the ionization chamber of the water purification and treatment system is made of aluminum material.

[0028] In another embodiment of the present invention, the ionization chamber of the water purification and treatment system is coated with PVC (polyvinyl chloride).

[0029] In yet another embodiment, the inner wall of the chamber is covered with an electromagnetic radiation reflecting cover, particularly electromagnetic radiation in the UV range. Specifically, the cover is made of aluminum foil. Other options for reflecting UV radiation include anodized aluminum, stainless steel, and bright paint that reflects UV radiation.

[0030] In another embodiment of the present invention, the outer shell frame is made of aluminum, and its UV lamp and the ferromagnetic element skeleton carrier including the attached bracket are made of steel / aluminum and coated with stainless steel.

[0031] In another embodiment of the present invention, the radicalized oxygen molecule generation chamber is connected to a Venturi pump for evacuating active air from the chamber into a water treatment pipeline connected to an animal drinking water system or an irrigation system or a water storage tank.

[0032] In another embodiment of the present invention, the outer shell frame of the water purification and treatment system is made of stainless steel or coated with stainless steel.

[0033] In another embodiment of the present invention, the inner surface of the chamber includes an outer shell sleeve frame, and the inner side of the sleeve outer shell frame, as well as the top cover and the bottom cover, are coated with TiO2.

[0034] In another embodiment of the present invention, the water purification and treatment system further includes a plurality of UV lamps that are suitably designed and configured.

[0035] In another embodiment of the present invention, the water purification and treatment system further includes an air diffuser, one side of which is connected to an air pump and the other side is connected to the ionization chamber inlet.

[0036] In another embodiment of the present invention, the water purification and treatment system includes a Venturi air pipeline, one side of which is connected to an air pump or an air diffuser outlet through an adapter and the other side is connected to the ionization chamber inlet.

[0037] In another embodiment of the present invention, the outer side of the ionization chamber includes air and electrical inlets and outlets, which are isolated with Teflon material for vacuum isolation purposes.

[0038] In another embodiment of the present invention, the water purification and treatment system further includes a pre-filtering device configured to remove impurities and contaminants from the ambient air before injecting it into the cylindrical chamber.

[0039] In another embodiment of the present invention, the water purification and treatment system further includes a water cooling system.

[0040] In another embodiment of the present invention, the water purification and treatment system includes a plurality of adapters that are connected to the chamber air inlet and outlet holes as well as other electrical holes. The adapters are designed with threaded sides to enable high-strength threaded mechanical attachment to external pipes or electrical wire connections.

[0041] In another embodiment of the present invention, the radicalized and radiated air is pumped from an external pipe into a water tank or container, where the water can be agitated to obtain better results, such that the pumped radicalized air can generate the required dynamics in the water.

[0042] In another embodiment of the present invention, the water is purified by the radicalized air forming hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through an active reaction with oxygen radical molecules that react with water molecules and pollutants in the water.

[0043] In another embodiment of the present invention, water purification is accomplished through the direct interaction between oxygen radical allotropes generated in the chamber and diffused into the water in the gas phase and the pollutants in the water.

[0044] In another embodiment of the present invention, the water purification and treatment system further includes a module that discharges and flushes out pollutant debris and sediment from the purified water.

[0045] In another embodiment of the present invention, the water purification and treatment system is connected to various types of water storage devices, systems, and conduits, such as drinking water supply systems, swimming pools, and water pipes, and can be used in various fields of industrial, agricultural, horticultural, recycling, and urban use.

[0046] In another embodiment of the present invention, the water purification and treatment system injects compressed ambient air into the chamber and converts it into a radicalized / excited gas phase containing molecular oxygen allotropes. The system also transports the allotropes through the chamber outlet and an external pipe to a water container or tank.

[0047] In one aspect, the present invention relates to a non-chemical water purification treatment system. In another aspect of the present invention, the system is configured to treat and maintain contaminated water using modified ambient air without the additional use of supplementary materials such as chemical detergents or biocides.

[0048] In one embodiment of the present invention, the system is arranged in a compact enclosed chamber to ensure safety and mobility. In another embodiment of the present invention, the system is connected to various types of water storage devices, systems, and pipes, such as drinking water supply systems, swimming pools, and water pipes. In another embodiment, the system is used in various fields of industrial, agricultural, horticultural, recycling, and urban use.

[0049] In a specific aspect of the present invention, the system injects and compresses modified ambient air through a cylindrical tube chamber, which electrochemically evolves the gas it contains, where the ambient air mainly includes nitrogen and oxygen molecules. In another aspect of the present invention, leveraging the paramagnetic property of the oxygen component in ambient air mainly composed of diatomic oxygen molecules, the oxygen molecules are focused and concentrated at specific positions within the tube chamber. This is accomplished by a permanent magnetic flux field of concentric ferromagnetic toroidal elements located within the ionization chamber and applying a specific configuration. These rings are located along their main axes within the cylindrical tube chamber.

[0050] In another aspect of the present invention, the oxygen molecules are exposed to UV light radiated from a UV light source, which includes two internal lamps, each having UV light in two different wavelength ranges, 180 - 195 and 240 - 280 [nm]. The UV light source produces the dissolution cleavage of chemical bonds in the oxygen molecules and induces them into several stable states of radical oxygen molecule products, which form allotropes of oxygen molecules in different electro-excited states.

[0051] In a specific aspect of the present invention, the stable oxygen radicals flow out of the cylindrical tube chamber through the applied external pressure and are directed to a water purification and treatment tank. In another embodiment, the cylindrical tube chamber is made of an inert material or coated with an inert material, such as TiO2, which is designed for physical protection against the flowing electrochemically evolved oxygen.

[0052] In another aspect of the present invention, the electrochemically evolved and radiated air is pumped into water, where the water is agitated to obtain better results, so that the pumped electrochemically evolved air can generate the required kinetics in the water.

[0053] In another aspect of the present invention, the electrochemically evolved air purifies the water by forming hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through the positive reaction of electrochemically evolved oxygen molecules reacting with water molecules and pollutants in the water. In another aspect of the present invention, in addition to the hydrogen peroxide interaction, there is also a direct interaction between oxygen allotrope radicals and pollutants.

[0054] In another aspect of the present invention, the system produces highly purified and high-quality water without introducing chemical and / or bio-organic or inorganic by-products or other side effects in the chemical water cleaning reaction. In another aspect of the present invention, the system continuously supplies the electrochemically evolved oxygen in the air to the water to ensure the continuous purification and supply of the purified water.

[0055] The present invention and the disclosed system are designed to treat, purify, and maintain contaminated water within various large water tank containers, utilizing modified ionized air products without the need for any other supplementary chemical materials, such as chemical detergents or biocides for inorganic and organic infections, as done in several previous works.

[0056] Device

[0057] The current system injects compressed ambient air into the inlet of a cylindrical tubular chamber to produce modified ambient air, which is transformed through a radicalization process when exposed to UV light radiation in two different wavelength ranges of 180 - 195 [nm] and 240 - 280 [nm]. Ambient oxygen is highly reactive. Utilizing its paramagnetic properties, an external magnetic flux is used to guide, focus, and concentrate it at specific locations and magnetically activate it to a desired higher magnetization level to enhance the excitation process into its radical allotropic phase through UV radiation. The magnetic flux is generated by a specific configuration of concentric ferromagnetic toroidal elements at specific locations within the chamber. The ambient air, especially the paramagnetic oxygen molecules magnetized by the magnetic field of the ring, is further irradiated by the UV lamp radiation source, thereby inducing a higher energy state of its radicals. The radicalized oxygen phase consists of allotropes of several ionized and excited oxygen states and is directed to the outlet of the tube chamber under the action of external pressure and pumped into the contaminated water. The water can be agitated to generate the required kinetics to increase the solubility of the ionized oxygen radicals pumped into the water. It is believed that the modified air purifies the water by the positive reaction of the radical oxygen molecules that further react with the pollutants to form hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or by the direct interaction between the oxygen molecule radicals and the pollutants. It is believed that some of the oxygen radicals are concentrated in small bubbles that act as reagents, causing their direct interaction with the water pollutants. The pollutants are either chemically modified or broken down into harmless fragments, which can then be filtered, rinsed, and discharged from the water container, or precipitated and solidified on the bottom plate and walls of the water tank. Alternatively, the reaction products are benign and can be consumed by farm animals and processed in a natural way. The system continuously supplies modified (active) air to the water in the form of small bubbles to ensure continuous purification and supply of the purified water.

[0058] Model

[0059] Modeling and designing non-chemical water treatment and purification systems, such as the one proposed in this application, is generally a highly complex and non-trivial task, involving various considerations, such as physical, mechanical, and other design considerations. Most of these considerations come from several different physical mechanisms that directly affect the performance of the purification system, but also include some interactions between these mechanisms. Therefore, in order to produce an efficient water treatment and purification system, it is necessary to correctly apply these physical mechanisms to environmental air molecules, especially paramagnetic oxygen molecules, while they flow / propagate in the ionization chamber. In WO 2019 / 135239, these physical mechanisms and related considerations are introduced in detail. The advanced water treatment system of this application follows the lines and limitations of the model set in WO2019 / 135239. However, beyond these limitations, means to enhance the production of molecular oxygen radicals are required without disrupting the model described in WO 2019 / 135239. Achieving a balance between this objective and the limitations or the basic structure of the water treatment system is the purpose of the present invention.

[0060] The magnetic field configuration includes a plurality of magnetic positions, each configured to accommodate a pair of double magnetic rings with similar or opposite magnetic poles. In another embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic field induced by the rings in each magnetic position varies between 10 -3 and 10 +6 gauss, with sufficient magnetic flux, which is necessary for a given radicalization / excitation rate at a specific air compression level and chamber parameters (such as geometry and design, internal structure, environmental air flow characteristics, including kinetics, air paramagnetism and thermal characteristics, magnetic field distribution, intensity and flux field, and the UV radiation field that induces environmental air into the radicalized / excited state). In another embodiment of the present invention, each magnetic position includes a pair of double magnetic rings with geometry, dimensions, and polarity. In another embodiment, the contribution of the configuration of the magnetic positions to the magnetic field and magnetic flux in the free volume of the chamber (including near its sidewalls), as well as the corresponding contribution near the magnetic positions, is considered to induce the radicalization / excitation of air.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the chamber is cylindrical, having two different volumes and lengths of 892 and 430 mm, where the inner and outer diameters are similar, 63.4 mm and 73.15 mm respectively. In another embodiment. The ferromagnetic ring is made of NdFeB (grade N42) material coated with Ni-Cu-Ni (nickel), with a width of 3.1 mm, an outer diameter of 31.75 mm, an inner diameter of 19.05 mm, and a thickness of 6.35 mm. In yet another embodiment, the diameters of the inner and outer pipes at the input and output of the chamber are 10 mm. The lengths of the UV lamps correspond to the chamber lengths with nominal powers of 21 watts and 39 watts respectively. The capacity of the water storage tank for purification is in the range of 1000 - 10000 liters.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic ring is made of a ferromagnetic material made of a rare earth magnet. In particular, the material is selected from Nd2Fe 14 B, SmCo5, Sm2Co 17 , composite magnetic materials (such as BaFe 12 O 19 , MnBi, Ce(CuCo)5), strong permanent magnets (such as Alnico IV / V and Alcomax, which are trade names for composite materials made of alloys of aluminum, nickel, and cobalt with iron with additional small amounts of Cu, Ti, and Nb), and ferrite materials of antiferromagnetic materials, such as Fe2O3 and Fe3O4. In another embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic field configuration is generated by a plurality of double magnetic ring pairs accommodated in a plurality of magnetic positions, where each magnetic position includes a pair of rings, which includes one ring made of one of the magnetic materials listed above and one ring made of a metallic material (such as iron and steel) that can be magnetized under an induced external magnetic field.

[0063] It can be considered that the thermal properties of air and gas are the same as those in the basic system of WO 2019 / 135239. It can be considered that the internal interactions between gas molecules are significantly enhanced, which is reflected in the corresponding purification results. It can be considered that the characteristics such as the gas flow dynamics characteristics and the internal characteristics of the ionization chamber affected by the geometric characteristics of the ionization chamber (such as its geometric shape, size, internal design, and the material used to manufacture it) are not affected. These introduce constraints on the physical model of the system, but higher yields can still be obtained without breaking it. A particular constraint is the lack of overlap or at least minimal overlap between adjacent magnetic fields in the chamber. This is an important requirement to maintain molecular oxygen allotropes in a stable state within the local magnetic field along the length of the chamber. On the other hand, it can be considered that due to the stronger local magnetic field, more allotropes will be formed. This raises concerns about the possible interactions between groups in adjacent groups of molecular oxygen allotropes.

[0064] The UV radiation reflection cover on the inner wall of the chamber introduces a factor that amplifies the exposure of the incoming air to the radiation and increases the response of oxygen molecules in an excited form. By reflecting the radiation back onto any known amount of incoming air, an increase in yield is expected.

[0065] The double-ring configuration of the magnetic ring pair will radicalize the basic generation of oxygen molecules by a specific factor, which reflects the stability of any known amount of radicalized oxygen atoms and increases their average lifetime. An improvement in water purification is expected proportionally.

[0066] Considering the previous modeling, the following embodiments are proposed: In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a fully concentric design is proposed for the system, including a tubular cylindrical ionization chamber, a cylindrical elongated UV radiation lamp, and at least one magnetic position, which includes a pair of dual magnetic rings symmetrically positioned around the central axis of the chamber. The dual magnetic rings are positioned on a skeletal aluminum structure, which is designed to hold them in a specific configuration, aligning them with respect to the ionization chamber central axis, other rings in the specific magnetic position, and other magnetic positions in the ionization chamber. The skeletal structure, including its local magnetic positions, is designed to minimize interference with the profile and distribution of the incoming flowing environment and radicalized air components. The magnetic rings can be placed parallel, symmetrically, or anti-parallel, anti-symmetrically, magnetically polarized, and are configured to induce a maximum concentric magnetic flux field on the compressed air flow molecules. The radius and shape of the magnetic rings are defined according to the specific requirements of the magnetic flux field, thus minimizing the interaction with the flowing gas. Therefore, the radicalized / excited gas profile mimics the magnetic field concentric profile, thus minimizing the interaction with the ambient air flow components, significantly reducing the interaction between them and the interaction with the chamber walls, internal skeleton, and rings. The chamber diameter and length, and the diameter and length of the UV radiation lamp are selected based on the benchmark requirements of the required gas compression level predefined for a specific desired application. These specifications also relate to the operating power required for the specific application and the water cleaning rate. After setting these parameters, the magnetic field profile and distribution are set and optimized to achieve the desired cleaning at a specific air compression level. As described, in the current design, the chamber benefits from the concentric design of the magnetic field, which significantly reduces the specific interactions of the above-mentioned ionization chamber.

[0067] Experimental comparison settings

[0068] Over a period of approximately 18 months, three sets of experiments were conducted outdoors under different weather conditions. The water container was placed on the roof, exposed to the west for solar radiation and the open air, with its intensity and duration depending on the seasonal variations. Over time, the water accumulated organic, inorganic, and biological contaminants. The container was used as a source of contaminated fresh water, and comparative tests were conducted on the purification efficiency of different settings of the previous and current water treatment systems.

[0069] The first experiment was conducted in late August 2022, at the end of summer in Israel, where the humidity and temperature were still high, and exposure to solar radiation was severe. Such conditions promote the proliferation and reproduction of bacteria and microorganisms in water and the accumulation of dirt. The second experiment was conducted at the peak of winter in Israel in early January 2023, a season characterized by lower temperatures, fewer hours of sunshine, and often cloudy skies. It is reasonable to assume that the rate of proliferation of the biomass in the water slowed down during this season. The third test was conducted at the end of October 2023 when Israel entered autumn, a season characterized by mild temperatures, dry air, and gradually decreasing sunlight exposure. In such a case, it is reasonable to assume that the proliferation rate of bacteria and microorganisms and the accumulation of dirt in the water would decrease.

[0070] The above description sets the weather background for the experiments conducted on the above dates. The impact of weather conditions on these experiments will be discussed in the results analysis.

[0071] The following details the experimental setup for comparing the output of a previously developed water treatment system in WO 2019 / 135239 with the output of the water treatment system of the present invention having an enhanced magnetic field and a wall radiation-reflecting cover.

[0072] Equipment : At least two buckets with a capacity of 80 liters, the corresponding number of water treatment systems as described above, and corresponding pairs of air diffusion stones were used to diffuse bubbles containing radicalized molecular oxygen into the water reservoir in the buckets for comparative experiments.

[0073] Pre-treatment procedure : All buckets were thoroughly cleaned with running water to remove rust, algae, moisture, and other deposits accumulated on the inner side of the walls and the bottom plates. After cleaning, each bucket was filled with 80 liters of fresh water.

[0074] Contamination procedure : These buckets were placed on the roof of a building exposed to the west and in a place where the conditions of exposure to sunlight and wind were generally uneven, which also depended on the number of buckets that the roof surface had to accommodate. This was due to several conditions in the surrounding environment, including space limitations on the roof; relatively fewer hours of sunshine in winter, especially the time of sun exposure; the westward exposure of the roof, which led to uneven spatial exposure to solar radiation and thus uneven distribution of solar energy in the water in the buckets. Due to the westward exposure, most of the roof space was in the shade for most of the day except for specific locations directly exposed to sunlight. It is believed that this led to differences in the microbial count in the initial sampling and will be further discussed in the specification.

[0075] Experiment in August 2022

[0076] Using a water tank filled with still water, over a period of about 18 months, the still water will accumulate organic, inorganic, and biological contaminants, especially microorganisms and bacteria, intentionally contaminating the water in all barrels. Take 0.5 liters of samples from the tank of contaminated water in each bucket and introduce it into the fresh water therein. Vigorously mix the water in the barrels to obtain a uniform dispersion of 0.5 liters of contaminated water in 80 liters of fresh water in each barrel. After mixing, let the contaminated water mixed in the barrels stand for 24 hours. These barrels are placed on a west-exposed roof that causes uneven exposure to sunlight. Specific areas of the roof are in the shade for most of the day, while other areas are more exposed to solar radiation. Therefore, the exposure of the barrels to sunlight depends on their position and quantity on the roof, which requires sufficient space for all barrels.

[0077] Generally speaking, it is well known that exposure to solar radiation promotes and participates in photochemical and photobiological processes in water. Therefore, the inventors of the present invention concluded that the uneven spatial distribution of the intensity and duration of exposure to sunlight led to different proliferation levels of bacteria and microorganisms in the contaminated water over time. Therefore, after 24 hours, different levels of the initial contamination state were obtained from the initially uniformly contaminated water. This factor was considered when analyzing the obtained experimental results. The measurement and analysis mainly focused on biological contaminants, which are obviously the type of contaminants most affected by solar radiation and the type of contamination most affected by radicalized molecular oxygen. Biological contaminants and their reactions to the products of the water treatment system were actually used as indicators of the effective operation of the system.

[0078] Sampling: After 24 hours of exposure to solar radiation and other weather conditions (such as humidity, wind), before sampling, stir the contaminated water in each barrel vigorously again to obtain a uniform distribution of contaminants. Water samples were taken from each barrel. After the initial sampling, the water treatment device of the present invention and the previously invented one were connected in fluid communication with one of the barrels and powered on for 24 hours. Final sampling was carried out after the water treatment device had been continuously operating for 24 hours and had diffused radicalized air containing radicalized oxygen molecules into the water. The initial and final water samples collected from each barrel were tested for the concentration of biological, organic, and inorganic contents in the laboratory.

[0079] Table I below shows the results of the experiments in the summer of 2022. The first item in Table I shows the values before and after purification of the water treatment system with the previous chamber configuration (also called the conventional chamber here) and the water treatment system with the enhanced chamber configuration of the present invention.

[0080] Several factors were considered in the evaluation of the measurement results. As shown in the figure, a relatively high pH value indicates an alkaline water environment. A relatively high level of dissolved molecular oxygen in the water indicates a stronger presence of biological organisms, which consume oxygen in different processes, such as photosynthesis and respiration. The value of the initial CFU (colony forming unit) count was relatively in the medium range, corresponding to the basic environment in the water, the placement of the source tank on the roof for only a few months, and the number of winter months with a relatively low level of exposure to solar radiation and biological activity during that time.

[0081] The absolute values of the CFU counts for the conventional and enhanced water treatment systems were not much lower than the initial counts before treatment. These results indicate a competitive process of the proliferation and reproduction of microbial colonies in the water due to exposure to environmental conditions and their disruption during the purification process. In the conventional and enhanced systems, the basic state of the water and the concentration of the dissolved oxygen level decreased to similar values. However, the relative CFU values clearly showed that the enhanced system reduced by 30% compared to the conventional system. This can be attributed to the stronger magnetic field in the enhanced system, which operates in an environment that encourages the reproduction of microorganisms and weather conditions that are more favorable for such reproduction. Although the conventional device also showed relatively effective bactericidal activity, it was still not as effective as the enhanced system with a stronger magnetic field.

[0082] It should be noted that the level of dissolved molecular oxygen in both systems decreased significantly. This may be due to the radicalization of oxygen molecules to destroy biological and chemical pollutants. This destruction results in a reduction in the consumption of oxygen in life-related processes and chemical reactions occurring in the water in the presence of molecular oxygen free radicals. This reaction involves the destruction of chemical bonds in organic, inorganic, and biological organisms and microbial compounds that form pollutants in the water. On the other hand, the dissolution of molecular oxygen in the water is not sufficient to make up for the deficiency caused by the positive reaction of oxygen free radicals.

[0083] Table I - August 30, 2022 / September 4, 2022 - Conventional and enhanced

[0084]

[0085] Quality control terms:

[0086] (1) Source

[0087] (2) Enhanced device

[0088] (3) Conventional device

[0089] (4) The pH value measurement was carried out according to the MOH water sampling guidelines.

[0090] (5) The dissolved O2 measurement was carried out according to the MOH water sampling guidelines.

[0091] (6) Total count of microorganisms is carried out according to the PP / SM-9215B standard.

[0092] Experiment in January 2023

[0093] Next is the experiment in winter 2023. Table II below details the pH value, dissolved molecular oxygen, and count of biological organisms of the enhanced system with a stronger magnetic field. The first and second entries show the measurements before and after treatment respectively. The basic characteristics of the water medium hardly changed, and a slight increase in the level of dissolved molecular oxygen in the water was observed. This might be considered a difference from the expected decrease in dissolved molecular oxygen, but it is understandable given the significant difference between the CFU counts before and after, that is, the count decreased by almost eight times. A possible explanation is that the concentration of highly aggressive molecular oxygen free radicals released into the water is higher compared to the experiment in summer 2022. Due to the significantly more efficient yield of the enhanced chamber with a stronger magnetic field, this excess concentration of molecular oxygen free radicals diffuses into the water, a part of which reacts strongly with the biological matter in the water, and the remaining part decays back to the electronic ground state. The conclusion drawn from the combined experimental and environmental data indicates that the performance of the enhanced system is significantly better than that of the conventional system. Although no comparative tests were conducted in the winter 2023 experiment, this conclusion can be inferred based on the results of the experiments in summer 2022 and autumn 2023, and the latter will be discussed below.

[0094] Another observation concerns the high CFU count in the pre-treatment entry. Compared with the CFU count in the summer 2022 experiment, this clearly demonstrates the rapid accumulation of biological organisms and microorganisms in the water over time and under favorable warm and humid weather. Thus, the content of biological pollutants in the source tank doubled from summer 2022 to winter 2023. Facing the growing biological matter in the water, the water treatment system must exhibit better performance to reduce the level of biological pollutants to an acceptable level. For this purpose, an enhanced water treatment system with higher throughput is obviously needed.

[0095] Table II - January 3, 4, 8, 2023 - Enhanced

[0096]

[0097] Quality control terms:

[0098] (1) Before the purification system is started.

[0099] (2) After the purification system is started.

[0100] (3) pH value measurement is carried out according to the MOH water sampling guidelines.

[0101] (4) Dissolved O2 measurement is carried out according to the MOH water sampling guidelines.

[0102] (5) Total count of microorganisms is carried out according to the PP / SM-9215B standard.

[0103] Experiment in October 2023

[0104] Table III below details the chamber configurations of the six water treatment systems used in this water purification treatment experiment.

[0105] Sampling: Six barrels were used in the experiment in the autumn of 2023. Since the local water flow system is old, 200 liters of water was allowed to flow through the water pipe before filling the barrels to remove rust and sediment. These barrels were placed on the west-exposed roof. Some of them were in the shade for most of the day. Others were more exposed to sunlight during the day. Each barrel was filled with approximately 80 liters of water. After filling the barrels with fresh water, 0.5 liters of contaminated water was taken from the vigorously stirred source tank for each barrel and introduced into the barrel. The contaminated water in the barrel was vigorously stirred. Then the barrels were left standing for 24 hours. Six samples were taken from the water in the six barrels, one sample from each barrel. The samples were taken to the laboratory and kept at a low temperature of 2 - 8°C, minimizing or avoiding exposure to light.

[0106] Table III

[0107]

[0108] After sampling, six water treatment systems, namely two conventional water treatment systems and four enhanced water treatment systems, were connected to the six barrels, one water treatment device for each barrel. The water treatment systems were connected to the barrels and in fluid communication with the water in the barrels. Then the water treatment systems were turned on simultaneously and allowed to run continuously for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the water in the barrels was vigorously stirred again to obtain a uniform mixture. Six samples were taken from the barrels again, one sample from each barrel. The samples were taken to the laboratory and kept at a low temperature of 2 - 8°C, minimizing or avoiding exposure to light. Then pH value, dissolved O2 concentration in water, and CFU tests were carried out on the samples before and after treatment.

[0109] Tables IV and V below list the results before and after the operation of the water treatment system for water purification in six barrels respectively. Before the diffusion of free radical oxygen molecules into the water, the pH values in all barrels were almost neutral. This can indicate that there is a balance between the generation of waste by-products and the consumption of organic compounds in the life cycles of biological organisms and microorganisms, as well as in chemical reactions involving organic and inorganic compounds. The values of the dissolved O2 concentration in all barrels also fluctuated around ~7 mg / L. These pH values and the relative average concentration of dissolved O2 indicate that the acid-base balance creates a water environment that sustains life, enabling biological organisms and microorganisms to proliferate and reproduce. The CFU values vary greatly within the barrels. As mentioned above, the relatively wide range of CFU values is mainly attributed to the different levels of solar radiation exposure due to the different positions of each barrel on the roof. The large difference between the concentrations of biological organisms and microorganisms in the barrels increases the necessity of considering this factor when analyzing the results of purifying water with radicalized molecular oxygen. That is, it is more difficult to decrease from a relatively high CFU than from a relatively low CFU.

[0110] A review of the CFU values measured in all three experiments shows that the lowest and highest CFU values in the autumn 2023 experiment deviated significantly from the range of values obtained in these experiments. The range of CFU values was between 12,000 and 34,000, while the lowest and highest values in the autumn 2023 experiment were 8,700 and 60,000 CFU respectively. Therefore, these values were considered as differences when analyzing the measurements before and after treatment. This may be attributed to the areas in the corresponding barrels from which the samples were taken being more diluted or more concentrated areas, although the water was vigorously stirred before sampling. Other variables can be considered, but these extreme measurements were regarded as references for the before and after measurements within the range of CFU values that persisted over a period of time.

[0111] Comparing the values before and after treatment of the first and second barrels 1 and 2 respectively connected to the conventional treatment system, it can be seen that the conventional system is very effective in decomposing relatively low concentrations of biological substances in water. For higher concentrations, the conventional system can still decompose the biological substances well to very low CFU values, but higher than the initial relatively low concentrations. This is understandable when the results are normalized according to the length of time the system is allowed to operate.

[0112] Table IV - October 25 / 29, 2023 - Before purification

[0113]

[0114] Quality control terms:

[0115] (1) The pH value measurement was carried out according to the MOH water sampling guidelines.

[0116] (2) The dissolved O2 measurement was carried out according to the MOH water sampling guidelines.

[0117] (3) Total count of microorganisms is carried out according to the PP / SM-9215B standard.

[0118] Table V - October 26 / 29, 2023 - After purification

[0119]

[0120] Quality control provisions:

[0121] (1) pH value measurement is carried out according to the MOH water sampling guidelines.

[0122] (2) Dissolved O2 measurement is carried out according to the MOH water sampling guidelines.

[0123] (3) Total count of microorganisms is carried out according to the PP / SM-9215B standard.

[0124] The comparison between the higher extreme buckets 5 and 6 supports this analysis. This comparison shows that the CFU count increased by an order of magnitude after treatment. This is because the pre-treatment count difference between these buckets was only 2-fold. This clearly indicates that there is a non-linear relationship between the level of water pollutants and the efficiency of the water treatment system. The water treatment system should show significantly improved performance to treat severely polluted water and bring it to an acceptable level for farm animals to drink. In this series of experiments, the modification of the magnetic field and to some extent the internal cover that reflects radiation were proven to meet this standard without overburdening the system and maintaining its size, configuration, and the physical model applied to it.

[0125] The following describes embodiments of the present invention, with particular reference to the modifications made to the chambers of the water treatment system in the present invention, which led to the above experimental results. Figures 1 - 3 The overall configuration of the water treatment system is shown. Figures 4 - 6 show the skeleton carrying magnetic rings that generate a magnetic field and house UV radiation lamps. Figures 7 - 13 Modifications to the chambers introduced into the water treatment system are shown, which amplify the intensity of the local magnetic field, thereby improving the purification performance of the system. As described above, the improvement in purification performance is attributed to the increase in the production of free radical molecular oxygen in the air flowing through the chambers. This increase is achieved while mainly maintaining the locality requirement of the magnetic field and the corresponding steady state of the aggregates of molecular oxygen allotropes accumulated in these magnetic fields. Maintaining these two conditions of the physical model, namely, the magnetic field is amplified to a level that still maintains its locality along the length of the chamber, is considered to have increased the production of radicalized oxygen and the purification level of the contaminated water. Description of the Drawings

[0126] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the block diagram of the water purification and treatment system is shown.

[0127] Figure 2 Shows the internal design of the water purification system.

[0128] Figure 3 Shows the front view of the water purification and treatment system.

[0129] Figure 4A -B shows the schematic design of the air ionization chamber assembly, where (A) shows the top perspective view of the housing assembly, and (B) shows the side perspective view of the internal and external structures and components.

[0130] Figure 5A -D shows the design of the component parts of the air ionization chamber. (A) shows the exploded top perspective view of the housing assembly parts; (B) is the exploded side perspective view of the internal and external component parts; (C) and (D) respectively show the enlarged views of (B) and (A) with and without a ferromagnetic ring at the retaining seat of the ferromagnetic ring.

[0131] Figure 6A -E shows the experimental configurations with and without a magnetic ring, where the magnetic ring is attached to the inner skeleton inside the ionization chamber.

[0132] Figure 7 Shows the double-ring pair configuration, where three pairs of such ring pairs are held on the skeleton and surround the UV lamp at the center of the chamber.

[0133] Figure 8 Shows a close view of the double magnetic ring pair configuration of the present invention.

[0134] Figure 9 and Figure 10 Shows an even closer view of the double magnetic ring pair, distinguishing the individual rings in each double-ring group.

[0135] Figures 11 - 13 Shows the top view of the covered inner wall of the chamber. Detailed Description

[0136] Figure 1 and Figure 2 Shows the schematic block diagram and design of the water purification and treatment system (100), where Figure 3Shows a real image of an alternative embodiment of the system. The main parts of the water purification system include: an optional fan cooling system (1), which is required to thermally stabilize and regulate the temperature of the water purification and treatment system due to the possible presence of unwanted internal or external heat sources. Depending on the thermal cooling requirements, the cooling system can be an air fan, water cooling, or other cooling systems; a cylindrical air flow ionization chamber (2) made of aluminum, PVC, or other chemically inert materials, with its inner side coated with TiO2; an electrical ballast (3) for the UV lamp, with power specifications (watts, amperes, volts), connected to the local power supply; a circuit breaker circuit (4), which is added to avoid current overload within the system; a plurality of gas flow meter devices (5), which can be based on electrical or mechanical flow measurement principles, where the flow meters can be configured inside or outside the purification system box (100) and can be located anywhere inside or outside the purification and treatment location according to system requirements. The gas flow meters monitor and regulate the current air gas flow volume rate within the system (measured in values of liters per minute (LPM)). A plurality of power meter devices (6) are located anywhere in the water purification and treatment location and further monitor and regulate the operating values, system power, voltage, and current. In another embodiment, the system is remotely controlled. A plurality of electrical sockets (7) enable power connections inside and outside the purification and treatment system. The system also includes compressor air gas (8). Conventional clean air enters the compressor, or the air undergoes pre-filtration of impurities and contaminants before entering the ionization chamber with a specific filtration system and is further compressed by the air compressor device (8) into the cylindrical tube ionization chamber (2) (the filtration system is not shown in the figure). The compressor pressure value is between 0.1 and 10 bar, and the flow rate is 2 - 25 LPM. Figure 3Shows an optional setting where an air compressor pump (8) is connected to a gas flow meter device (5) respectively using air pipes (8a, 8b) and is connected through it to an ionization chamber. The ionization chamber is connected to an external water storage inlet (not shown in the relevant drawings) through an air gas pipe (2a). To improve the intake air of the ionization tube chamber, the compressor can be connected to an air diffuser and / or a Venturi air line. In another embodiment, to improve the air flow from the ionization chamber to the water storage, the air pipe (2a) is replaced by a Venturi line that effectively guides it to a contaminated water containment container. In another embodiment of the present invention, the radicalized air flow rate is increased by a secondary air compressor or a vacuum pump located at different positions of the output pipe (2a). In this configuration, the secondary air compressor or vacuum pump pushes or sucks the radicalized air towards a diffuser located inside a treated water container or a water storage respectively. In another embodiment of the present invention, the air compressor device is connected to the output pipe (2a) near its connection to the ionization chamber outlet. This connection is made by a T-shaped air joint element. In this setting, this connection can optionally utilize a check air valve connected to the air compressor output and avoid any leakage or leakage of the radicalized air flow into the compressor. The air flowing out of the compressor collides with the radicalized air and accelerates it towards the diffuser, which is connected near its connection to the diffuser device. This connection is made through the outlet of the output pipe (2a) via a T-shaped air joint element. A check air valve can be connected to avoid the leakage of radicalized air into the pump. The radicalized air is accelerated by the air pump towards the outlet of the output pipe and into the diffuser.

[0137] In addition, the system includes a remote control and monitoring unit (9) that monitors and controls the system operating values against their specified values and can be switched mechanically or electronically between ON and OFF operating states. The monitoring unit monitors the voltage and power supply of the system, especially the voltage and power values of the UV lamp, fan, electronic flow meter, and other units in the system.

[0138] Figure 4A -B and 5A-D respectively show schematic diagrams of the air ionization chamber in assembled and unassembled states. Figure 4A Shows a top perspective view of the housing of the air ionization chamber, with its assembled part as Figure 5A shown. Figure 4B Shows a side perspective view of the internal and external structural design of the chamber, with its assembled part as Figure 5B shown. As shown in these drawings, Figure 4A and 5AThe air ionization chamber shown includes: a cylindrical outer casing tube / cylindrical sleeve (16). The tube / sleeve can be made of aluminum and PVC (chemically inert polyvinyl chloride), and its inner side is coated with a TiO2 layer to avoid oxidation and damage to the flowing environment and radicalized air; a frame / skeleton structure (13) having a cylindrical geometry and symmetry. The skeleton can be made of aluminum stainless steel or any hard metal. The skeleton (13) is embedded within the tube / sleeve housing structure (16). The frame / skeleton structure is designed with two retaining elements (13a, 13b) for holding magnetic rings and an internal space for the UV lamp (14). The skeleton can also include retaining elements (10a, 10b, 10c) spaced a selected distance from each other from top to bottom for holding ferromagnetic rings in a specific configuration (15a, 15b, 15c). The retaining elements or seats can be made of stainless steel and coated with titanium. The retaining elements (10a, 10b, 10c) can form a single solid unit with the skeleton. The internal space in the skeleton for the UV lamp is essentially a cage formed by rods along the z-axis and around the center of the skeleton. The space has openings near the bottom and top sides of the skeleton.

[0139] The magnetic field configuration includes three sets of concentric cylindrical ferromagnetic rings (15a, 15b, 15c) arranged in selected polarities, which occupy a small portion of the overall volume of the tube chamber. These rings are positioned along the z-axis of the skeleton, particularly at the top, bottom, and center of the main axis of the tube chamber, where each set includes a magnetic negative ring and a positive ring (15e, 15f). In a particular embodiment, the rings are arranged in the same polarity. Generally, the tube and the outer casing are made of chemically and mechanically durable or resistant materials. The UV lamp (14) can include two internal lamps that radiate in two wavelength ranges of 180 - 195 [nm] and 240 - 280 [nm], and can be designed and produced as two different types and configurations of mercury lamps or LED lamps. Additionally, the lamp electrical connector configuration can include 2 or 4 pins and is located at different positions on its side depending on the type of the lamp. As Figure 5C and 5DAs shown, each ferromagnetic ring seat includes two cylindrical grooves (10e, 10f), which are configured to mechanically hold two corresponding ferromagnetic rings (15e, 15f). This design provides a closely arranged configuration for the ferromagnetic rings and the UV lamp (14) positioned along the central longitudinal axis of the air ionization chamber. The ferromagnetic rings are configured to be positioned close to the UV lamp radiation source around it at three main positions along the central axis of the air ionization chamber, thereby generating three main coupled ionization impact points between the UV radiation and the flowing ambient air. The interaction particularly affects the paramagnetic oxygen component along the ambient air trajectory in the air ionization chamber. The outer sleeve structure (16) is mechanically attached to the top cover (11) and the bottom cover (12), which are disc-shaped, made of aluminum or stainless steel material, and further coated with a TiO2 layer. The top cover and the bottom cover are respectively configured with one or two holes. The central holes in the top cover (11a) and the bottom cover (12a) are respectively used as the inlet and outlet for the air flowing through the ionization chamber. The bottom housing cover can also be designed with a special second input hole (12b) to enable wires to be inserted into and out of the air ionization chamber. In another embodiment, the inner chamber area including the housing frame (13), the holding element, and the inner chamber cover is coated with TiO2 to avoid oxidation and damage of the flowing gas in the chamber.

[0140] To achieve electrical and vacuum functions, the inlet and outlet holes are made of SS (stainless steel) resistant material. The cover is mechanically attached to the aluminum / SS housing frame (13) at its top and bottom bases (17a, 17b) and the outer tube structure (16). The external connections of the ionization chamber are sealed with Teflon to ensure the required vacuum conditions for the air flowing in the chamber. The connection of the top and bottom bases (17a, 17b) is completed by special screws inserted into the holes (17c) on the top and bottom sides of the frame. A plurality of adapters and fastening elements are added to the air and electrical inlets and outlets to enable the insertion of electrical input and output lines without affecting the internal atmospheric pressure. These elements are also used to exhaust air from the ionization chamber through a specially designed air outlet.

[0141] Figure 6A -E shows a side view perspective of different configurations of the magnetic rings in the ionization chamber. The magnetic rings are carried by the holding elements (10) of the skeleton in the ionization chamber. As Figure 4B shown, the magnetic rings are symmetrically aligned with respect to the main longitudinal central axis of the holding elements (10) around the UV lamp (14) and the main central axis of the ionization cylindrical chamber. Figure 6AShows a perspective side view of an anti-symmetric magnetic field configuration that includes two magnetic positions on either side of a carrier holding device (10) located within an ionization chamber. In this configuration, each magnetic position includes two magnetic rings (15e, 15f). The ring polarities are marked (SN, S = South, N = North), where each ring is positioned with opposite magnetic polarizations, with its north pole at the proximal end and its south pole at the distal side, i.e., (SN)(NS). In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this configuration is labeled as the reference configuration. Figure 6B Shows a perspective side view of a magnetic field configuration that includes an ionization chamber without a magnetic field. Figure 6C Shows a symmetric configuration of the magnetic field in another embodiment of the present invention. The relevant configuration includes two magnetic positions that are located at two positions of a holding element (10) within the ionization chamber. Each magnetic position includes two magnetic rings (15e, 15f). In this configuration, the magnetic rings at each position are in the same magnetic polarization direction, which respectively points from the north pole to the south pole from the ionization chamber entrance to its exit, i.e., (NS)(NS). Figure 6D Shows another alternative anti-symmetric magnetic field configuration that includes magnetic rings in another embodiment of the present invention. This configuration includes two magnetic positions that are located on either side of the holding element (10) and the ionization chamber. Each position includes two magnetic rings (15e, 15f) that are positioned with opposite magnetic polarizations, with their south magnetic poles on the proximal side and their north magnetic poles on the distal side, i.e., (NS)(SN). Figure 6E shows an anti-symmetric magnetic field configuration that includes magnetic rings in another preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 4E, this configuration includes three magnetic positions that are located on either side of the holding element (10) along the central axis. In this configuration, each magnetic position includes two magnetic rings (15e, 15f) that are positioned with opposite magnetic polarizations, with their north magnetic poles on the proximal side and their south magnetic poles on the distal side, i.e., (SN)(NS) for the three magnetic positions.

[0142] Figure 7 Shows a configuration of double-ring pairs (15a, b; 15c, d; 15e, f), where three pairs of such ring pairs are held on a skeleton (13) and surround a UV lamp (14) at the center of the chamber (2). The multiple of the number of rings at each position is compatible with the basic structure and dimensions of the skeleton and does not occupy a large volume. Thus, it does not distort the inflow and outflow of air through the chamber and the interaction between UV radiation and oxygen molecules. The main effect lies in the number and average lifetime of radicalized oxygen molecules, which translates into improved water purification, as shown by the results in the above table and experimental analysis.

[0143] Figure 8 Shows a close-up view of the double magnetic ring pair (15e, f) configuration of the present invention. The holding element (10a) has a sufficiently large space to accommodate two rings in each space, thereby increasing the magnetic field strength generated by each pair. The paired double rings can be arranged in accordance with Figure 6Aoriented with any of the magnetic pole configurations shown in -D and described above. It is believed that different magnetic pole arrangements produce different magnetic field configurations. This can translate into different values for the aggregation of radicalized oxygen molecules, such as concentration, quantity, and average lifetime. However, a series of experiments have shown that this property of the magnetic field is not an important factor affecting the final purification result.

[0144] Figure 9 and Figure 10 shows a closer view of the pair of double magnetic rings, distinguishing the individual rings in each double-ring group (15e1, 2, f1, 2). The rings in each double-ring group are spatially compatible with the holding element, which allows them to be firmly held in contact with each other to create magnetic poles together with parallel double-ring groups. These close views clearly show that doubling the rings in the local configuration does not change the volume occupied by the magnetic rings in the chamber, nor does it interfere with the internal air flow. Instead, it amplifies the intensity of the magnetic field and has a positive impact on the generation and sustainability of radicalized oxygen molecules, which then translates into improved water purification.

[0145] Figures 11 - 13 shows a top view of the covered inner wall of the chamber (2). Aluminum foil (2b) is used to cover the inner wall and reflect the UV radiation of the UV lamp back into the chamber. This inner cover is believed to increase the number of interactions between the radiation and the oxygen molecules in the incoming air and ultimately achieve a stable state of local aggregation of radicalized molecular oxygen in the local magnetic field. Therefore, the radicalized oxygen should have a greater average lifetime and unit quantity. Figure 13 shows the top appearance of the chamber (2) with the aluminum foil covering (2b) the inner wall when the UV lamp (13) is active. As shown, the foil effectively reflects the UV radiation. This mechanism for enhancing the radiation inside the chamber, especially in the local magnetic field along the central axis of the chamber, is believed to contribute to the generation of radicalized molecular oxygen. However, as described above and as shown by the experimental results, this is also not the main factor for obtaining a higher yield of radical molecular oxygen and corresponding water purification. Instead, the combination of the intensity of the magnetic field and its position along the length of the chamber leads to this improved result.

[0146] The above water purification results support our view that improving water purification can be achieved by amplifying the local magnetic field through a pair of double rings and, to a limited extent, enhancing the UV radiation through retro-reflection. Water purification measurements were carried out on water containing a large amount of biological, inorganic, and organic impurities. To determine the improvement using the system of the present invention, the system of WO 2019 / 135239 and the system of the present invention were operated on the same water container divided into two identical parts. Control group measurements were carried out before the operation. Samples were taken from the water tank and kept at 2 - 8 °C. The following table summarizes all the measurement results. All measurements were carried out in an accredited laboratory according to the nationally recognized ISO / IEC 17025 standard.

[0147] The results of the previous and improved devices showed significant changes in all parameters relative to the control group. The pH value of the water surface in the water tank decreased from 9.7 to below 9 (8.7, 8.4), indicating that the water was more acidic, probably due to oxidation reactions occurring in the water with water pollutants and water molecules. The dissolved oxygen on the water surface decreased from 14.0 to nearly half of that value, i.e., 7.88 and 7.66, indicating an increase in oxygen-related chemical reactions in most of the water medium, with oxygen being converted into other oxidant compounds remaining in the water or precipitating to the bottom of the tank. The number of bacteria in the polluted water decreased from 18,000 to 16,000 and 12,000 respectively, a reduction of 10% to 33%, demonstrating the excellent efficiency of purifying water with free radical oxygen.

[0148] Comparing the performance of the previous and improved devices, it can be seen that there were obvious positive changes in the total number of bacteria in the water. For the improved water purification device, a further decrease in CFU per unit volume was observed. Compared with the previous device, the relative reduction was 25%, more than three times the relative reduction of the control group. This clearly shows that the configuration of the improved device with a UV-reflective cover and a pair of double magnetic rings is more efficient. The decrease in dissolved oxygen on the surface of the measured sample showed a slight advantage of the improved device, indicating a slightly higher volume of oxygen molecules diffusing to and released from the water surface. Finally, in the water treated with the improved device, the decrease in surface pH value relative to the control group was also slightly smaller, which may indicate that more free radical oxygen molecules reacted in the water and were not wasted into the surrounding environment when diffusing to the water surface. The clear conclusion drawn from these results is that the amplification of the interaction of oxygen molecules due to the retro-reflection of UV radiation and the enhancement of the local magnetic field by the double-ring pair is the reason for the improvement of water purification. This clearly proves that the improved water purification device of the present invention is technically and functionally superior to the previous device.

Claims

1. A water purification system, characterized in that, Comprising: a chamber, said chamber including an inlet and an outlet for allowing incoming and outgoing air to flow into said chamber and out of said chamber and into a water-containing tank; at least one UV radiation lamp; at least one pair of dual magnetic rings; and a skeleton, said skeleton being configured to occupy the central volume of said chamber from top to bottom around the central longitudinal axis of said chamber, said skeleton including an internal space for accommodating said at least one UV radiation lamp and a holding element for holding said at least one pair of dual magnetic rings around said at least one UV radiation lamp, wherein the inner diameter of the base of said skeleton is smaller than the inner diameter of said outer shell sleeve, said outer shell sleeve being connected to a top cover and a bottom cover at opposite ends, both said top cover and said bottom cover being provided with corresponding central holes, and wherein each pair of said dual magnetic rings generates a local magnetic field when said at least one pair of dual magnetic rings is placed on the holding element of said skeleton, said local magnetic field not overlapping or at least minimally overlapping with the local magnetic fields generated by adjacent pairs of dual magnetic rings, wherein said purification system includes a concentric configuration to minimize interference with the profile and distribution of said incoming and outgoing air, said at least one pair of dual magnetic rings being positioned parallel to each other and being configured to induce a maximum concentric magnetic flux field on the molecules of said flowing incoming and outgoing air, wherein said at least one pair of dual magnetic rings is configured to enhance said local magnetic field, and wherein said at least one pair of dual magnetic rings is configured to increase the number and average lifetime of radical oxygen molecules in said chamber.

2. The water purification system according to claim 1, wherein, Further comprising a UV radiation reflecting cover located on the inner wall of said chamber, wherein said UV radiation reflecting cover is configured to amplify the interaction between UV radiation and oxygen molecules in said incoming air, and wherein said UV radiation reflecting cover is configured to increase the number and average lifetime of radical oxygen molecules in said chamber.

3. The water purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further comprising a compressor air pump for injecting air into said chamber.

4. The water purification system according to claim 1, wherein Further comprising an electric ballast UV radiation source, said UV radiation source being connected to a local power supply with relevant power specifications.

5. The water purification system according to claim 1, wherein, wherein said at least one UV radiation lamp includes two lamps with a wavelength range of 180 - 195 [nm] and 240 - 280 [nm].

6. The water purification system according to claim 1, wherein wherein said at least one UV radiation lamp is a mercury lamp or an LED lamp with an electrical connector having two or four pins.

7. The water purification system according to claim 1, wherein wherein said chamber is made of a conductive material coated with a chemically inert material.

8. The water purification system according to claim 1, wherein wherein said chamber includes a cylindrical outer shell, said cylindrical outer shell tube being embedded in said chamber.

9. The water purification system according to claim 1, wherein wherein said chamber further includes an outer sleeve and a top cover and a bottom cover, said top cover and said bottom cover being mechanically attached to the top side and the bottom side of said outer sleeve and closing the top end and the bottom end of said chamber.

10. The water purification system according to claim 1, wherein, wherein said chamber further includes a plurality of electrical sockets for power connection to and from said system, said sockets being sealed with Teflon to achieve a vacuum.

11. The water purification system according to claim 1, wherein, Further comprising a circuit breaker circuit for avoiding current overload in said system.

12. The water purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further comprising a plurality of gas flow meters, said gas flow meters being installed inside or outside a box encapsulating said chamber.

13. The water purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further comprising a plurality of power meter devices for monitoring and regulating the electrical power, voltage, and current operating values of said system.

14. The water purification system according to claim 1, wherein Further comprising a plurality of fan cooling systems.

15. The water purification system according to claim 1, wherein Further includes a remote control unit for controlling the operating value and the specified value of the system, the unit being configured to mechanically or electronically switch between the open operating state and the closed operating state of the system, and monitor the voltage, current, power supply and related devices of the system.

16. The water purification system according to claim 14, characterized in that, Wherein the device is selected from the at least one UV lamp, fan and electronic flowmeter.

17. The water purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further includes a Venturi tube attached to the outlet of the chamber for delivering the radicalized / excited ambient air to the treated water reservoir.

18. The water purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further includes a water container or reservoir in fluid communication with the chamber.

19. The water purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Wherein the chamber has a cylindrical geometry, having a housing sleeve and a housing frame with a corresponding cylindrical geometry.

20. The water purification system according to claim 1, wherein, Includes three pairs of double magnetic rings, which are arranged at the top and bottom ends of the chamber and at the center of the chamber in the same polarity configuration, and around the main central longitudinal axis of the chamber, wherein each pair of the double magnetic rings includes two negatively polarized rings and two positively polarized rings, the polarity configuration is an anti-symmetric configuration, and the rings are mechanically held by the holding elements.

21. The water purification system according to claim 19, characterized in that, wherein the pair of double magnetic rings generates a magnetic field strength in the range of 10 -3 to 10 6 Gauss, said range being sufficient to induce a high magnetic flux in said chamber and to excite / radicalize the incoming ambient air.

22. The water purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Wherein the skeleton includes an external longitudinal rod extending from the top to the bottom of the skeleton around an internal space for accommodating the at least one UV radiation lamp, and a holding element extending inward from the external rod and including a recess for holding the at least one pair of double magnetic rings around the at least one UV radiation lamp, the external rod and the holding element forming a single solid unit of the skeleton.

23. The water purification system according to claim 1, wherein Wherein the chamber and the skeleton are made of aluminum.

24. The water purification system according to claim 23, wherein Wherein the inner surface of the walls of the chamber and the skeleton is coated with TiO2.

25. The water purification system according to claim 23, wherein, Wherein the inner surface of the wall of the chamber is coated with PVC.

26. The water purification system according to claim 3, wherein, Further includes an air diffuser, one end of which is connected to the compressor air pump and the other end is connected to the chamber.

27. The water purification system according to claim 1, wherein Further includes a pre-filtering device for removing impurities and pollutants before injecting ambient incoming air into the chamber.

28. The water purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further includes a diffuser connected to the outlet of the chamber for diffusing the radicalized / excited air into the water reservoir.

29. The water purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Wherein the magnetic ring is made of a ferromagnetic material made of rare earth magnets.

30. The water purification system according to claim 29, characterized in that, wherein the material is selected from Nd2Fe 14 B, SmCo5, Sm2Co 17 , composite magnetic materials, BaFe 12 O 19 , MnBi, Ce(CuCo)5, a strong permanent magnet made of aluminum, nickel, cobalt and iron and containing a small amount of Cu, Ti and Nb, and a ferrite material of ferromagnetic materials such as Fe2O3 and Fe3O4.

31. The water purification system according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that, Wherein a group of two rings in the at least one pair of double magnetic rings is made of one of the magnetic materials, and a second group of two rings in the at least one pair of double magnetic rings is made of a metallic material that can be magnetized under an induced external magnetic field.

32. The water purification system according to claim 31, characterized in that, Wherein the metallic material is iron or steel.

33. The water purification and treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further includes a water cooling system.

34. The water purification and treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Wherein the UV radiation reflecting cover is selected from aluminum foil, stainless steel and UV radiation reflecting color.

35. The water purification system according to claim 1, wherein Wherein the system is configured to purify the water in the water reservoir, the system and the conduit.

36. The water purification system according to claim 35, wherein Wherein the water reservoir, the system and the conduit are selected from a drinking water supply system, a swimming pool and a water pipe.

37. The water purification system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, Wherein the system is configured for purifying water for industrial, agricultural, horticultural, recycling and urban use.

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