Agricultural planting method of angelica sinensis

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agrometeorological observation, in particular to an agricultural planting method of angelica sinensis, which comprises the steps of sowing, field management and seed collection. The field management is carried out according to the following suitable meteorological indexes: transplanting to first-time reviving: keeping the daily average temperature to be greater than or equal to 0.8 DEG C; the water supplementing amount is kept at 63 mm to 76 mm; the daily average temperature is kept to be greater than or equal to 7.9 DEG C; the water supplementing amount is kept to be 115 mm to 201 mm; the daily average temperature is kept to be smaller than or equal to 10.3 DEG C, and the water supplementing amount is kept to be 62 mm-73 mm; from the paris polyphylla to the patent medicine period, the daily average temperature is kept to be larger than or equal to 0 DEG C, and the water supplementing amount is kept to be 334-380 mm. According to the agricultural planting method of the angelica sinensis, accurate and effective meteorological indexes are provided, field management in different development stages is carried out according to the meteorological indexes, and the yield and quality of the angelica sinensis are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural meteorological observation, and in particular to an agricultural planting method of angelica sinensis. Background Art

[0002] Angelica sinensis belongs to the Umbelliferae family, which includes three parts: Angelica sinensis seedling cultivation, medicinal preparation, and seed collection. At present, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the main supply base of Angelica sinensis and one of the regions with the best quality of Angelica sinensis in the country. With the blessing of strong ultraviolet rays, large temperature difference, sufficient sunshine, and few pests and diseases on the plateau, the quality of Angelica sinensis in the Qinghai Plateau is well-known throughout the country and is deeply loved by medicinal material buyers. In recent years, Qinghai has begun to plant Angelica sinensis on a large scale. The survey results show that most of the transplanted seedlings are from Gansu Province. The main transplanted products are "Mingui-01" and "Mingui-02". The seedlings of this type are raised in Gansu Province, but transplanted in Qinghai after seedling cultivation. Due to the different climatic conditions at the transplanting site and the seedling site, the varieties cultivated by the climate resources are relatively few, the planting scale is relatively small, and the bolting rate of Angelica sinensis during the medicinal preparation period is increased, which is not conducive to the increase of the yield of Angelica sinensis. Therefore, providing an agricultural planting method for Angelica sinensis is of great significance for increasing the yield of Angelica sinensis. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an agricultural planting method of angelica sinensis.

[0004] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] An agricultural planting method for angelica sinensis, the agricultural planting method comprising sowing, field management and seed collection;

[0006] The field management is carried out according to the following suitable meteorological indicators:

[0007] From transplanting to the first greening: maintain the daily average temperature ≥ 0.8℃; maintain the water replenishment at 63 mm ~ 76 mm.

[0008] From the first greening period to the period of three leaves and one bud: maintain the daily average temperature ≥1.1℃; maintain the water replenishment at 20mm~37mm.

[0009] Three leaves and one heart to six leaves and one heart: maintain the daily average temperature ≥ 7.9℃; maintain the water replenishment volume at 115 mm ~ 201 mm.

[0010] Six leaves and one heart to seven leaves and one heart: Keep the daily average temperature ≤10.3℃ and maintain the water replenishment at 62mm~73mm.

[0011] From the period when Seven-Leafed Aconite becomes medicine, keep the daily average temperature ≥ 0℃ and the water replenishment volume at 334mm ~ 380mm.

[0012] Preferably, before sowing, the seeds are soaked in warm water at 30°C to 40°C for 24 hours, then fished out for germination. When the seeds show white tips, they are sown. When the average temperature is observed to drop to 3°C to 7°C, the seedlings are lifted, and the seedling-lifting time is controlled within 110 days to 120 days after sowing.

[0013] Preferably, the field management is carried out in the following manner:

[0014] When the average daily temperature ≤ 0.8°C during the period from transplanting to the first greening-back, artificial temperature increase is carried out; when the precipitation is less than 63 mm to 76 mm, artificial water replenishment is carried out.

[0015] When the average daily temperature ≤ 1.1°C during the period from the first greening-back to the three-leaf and one-heart stage, artificial temperature increase is carried out; when the precipitation is less than 20 mm to 37 mm, artificial water replenishment is carried out.

[0016] When the average daily temperature ≤ 7.9°C during the period from the three-leaf and one-heart stage to the six-leaf and one-heart stage, artificial temperature increase is carried out; when the precipitation is less than 115 mm to 201 mm, artificial water replenishment is carried out.

[0017] When the average daily temperature ≥ 10.3°C during the period from the six-leaf and one-heart stage to the seven-leaf and one-heart stage, artificial temperature decrease is carried out; when the precipitation is less than 62 mm to 73 mm, artificial water replenishment is carried out.

[0018] When the average daily temperature ≤ 0°C during the period from the seven-leaf and one-heart stage to the medicine-making stage, artificial temperature increase is carried out; when the precipitation is less than 334 mm to 380 mm, artificial water replenishment is carried out.

[0019] Preferably, the method of artificial temperature increase is to cover heat-insulating materials or build small arch sheds.

[0020] Preferably, the method of artificial temperature decrease is to cover with sunshade nets or use wet curtain fans for cooling.

[0021] Preferably, the method of artificial water replenishment is furrow irrigation or foliar spraying.

[0022] Preferably, when collecting seeds, medium-mature seeds are collected.

[0023] Preferably, the medium-mature seeds are seeds with a seed coat color of pinkish white.

[0024] Preferably, the field management indicators are screened in the following manner:

[0025] According to the development period of Angelica sinensis, the observations are divided into three stages: the seedling-raising stage, the medicine-making stage, and the seed-collecting stage;

[0026] During the seedling-raising stage, the development periods from sowing to emergence, the three-leaf and one-heart stage, and the seedling-lifting are observed.

[0027] During the pharmaceutical period, observe the development periods from transplanting to the first greening, three-leaf and one-heart stage, six-leaf and one-heart stage, seven-leaf and one-heart stage, and pharmaceutical period.

[0028] During the seed collection period, observe the development periods from the second greening to bolting, flowering, and seed collection.

[0029] For the observation of each development period, meteorological index data is observed every other day or every two days, and patrol observations are carried out at the end of each ten-day period to ensure that no development period is missed.

[0030] Based on the meteorological index data and the morphological characteristics of Angelica sinensis at different development periods, combined with the event probability calculation formula, determine the suitable meteorological indexes for each development period, and carry out field management based on these suitable meteorological indexes.

[0031] Preferably, the event probability calculation formula for determining the suitable meteorological indexes for each development period is as follows:

[0032]

[0033] It represents that in n repeated trials, event A occurs n A times.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] The present invention provides an agricultural planting method for Angelica sinensis. The agricultural planting method includes sowing, field management, and seed collection; the field management is carried out according to the following suitable meteorological indexes: from transplanting to the first greening: keep the daily average temperature ≥ 0.8 °C; keep the water replenishment amount at 63 mm to 76 mm; from the first greening to the three-leaf and one-heart stage: keep the daily average temperature ≥ 1.1 °C; keep the water replenishment amount at 20 mm to 37 mm; from the three-leaf and one-heart stage to the six-leaf and one-heart stage: keep the daily average temperature ≥ 7.9 °C; keep the water replenishment amount at 115 mm to 201 mm; from the six-leaf and one-heart stage to the seven-leaf and one-heart stage: keep the daily average temperature ≤ 10.3 °C, keep the water replenishment amount at 62 mm to 73 mm; from the seven-leaf and one-heart stage to the pharmaceutical period: keep the daily average temperature ≥ 0 °C, keep the water replenishment amount at 334 mm to 380 mm. Since the growth and development of Angelica sinensis have relatively high requirements for the climate environment and the planting difficulty is great, generally the yield is not high and the benefit is low. However, the agricultural planting method for Angelica sinensis formulated in the present invention is to carry out observations on different growth and development periods of Angelica sinensis, use meteorological data and combine the morphological characteristics, yield and quality of Angelica sinensis at each development period, study the relationship between the growth and development, yield and quality formation of Angelica sinensis and meteorological conditions, provide accurate, timely and effective meteorological indexes, and carry out field management for different development stages of Angelica sinensis according to these meteorological indexes, thereby improving the yield and quality of Angelica sinensis. It is very necessary for further developing the adaptability of the industry to climate change, carrying out industrial green innovation, improving the quality of Angelica sinensis medicinal materials and the economic benefits of the vast number of farmers. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0037] Figure 1 It is a seed diagram of Angelica sinensis during the seedling raising period of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 It is a diagram of the emergence of Angelica sinensis of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 It is a diagram of Angelica sinensis with three leaves and one heart during the seedling raising period of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 It is a diagram of the seedling lifting period of Angelica sinensis of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 5 It is a transplanting diagram of Angelica sinensis of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 6 It is the first greening diagram of Angelica sinensis of the present invention

[0043] Figure 7 It is a diagram of Angelica sinensis with three leaves and one heart during the medicine-forming period of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 8 It is a diagram of Angelica sinensis with seven leaves and one heart of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 9 It is a bolting diagram of Angelica sinensis of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 10 It is a flowering diagram of Angelica sinensis of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 11 It is a seed collection diagram of Angelica sinensis of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0048] To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the following will provide a more comprehensive description of the present invention and give the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0049] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terms used in the description of the present invention in this specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0050] The beneficial effects of the present invention are illustrated below through specific embodiments.

[0051] Example 1: Determine the appropriate meteorological indicators for each growth stage

[0052] 1. According to the growth stages of Angelica sinensis, the observations are divided into three stages: the seedling-raising stage, the medicinal material formation stage, and the seed collection stage.

[0053] 2. During the experimental stage, according to the "Specifications for Agricultural Meteorological Observation" unified by the meteorological department across the country, the growth stages of Angelica sinensis are generally observed once every two days, on alternate days or every two days, but patrol observations should be carried out at the end of each dekad. If the time interval between two adjacent growth stages is relatively long, on the premise of not missing the growth stage, patrol observations can be carried out on the 5th day and at the end of each dekad, and resume alternate-day observations near the growth stage. The observation time is generally in the afternoon, and 5 consecutive fixed holes are selected at each measuring point during the growth stage.

[0054] Through this method, the seedling-raising stage of Angelica sinensis, including sowing to emergence, three leaves and one heart, and seedling lifting stage; the medicinal material formation stage of Angelica sinensis, including transplanting to the first greening, three leaves and one heart, six leaves and one heart, seven leaves and one heart, and medicinal material formation stage; the seed collection stage of Angelica sinensis, including secondary greening, bolting of Angelica sinensis, flowering of Angelica sinensis, and seed collection of Angelica sinensis, were observed. When a certain growth stage characteristic appears on the observed plants, it means that the individual enters a certain growth stage. The entry of the Angelica sinensis population in a plot into the growth stage is determined by the percentage of the number of plants entering the growth stage among the total number of observed plants. The first time the number of plants entering a certain growth stage is greater than or equal to 10% is the beginning stage of development, greater than or equal to 50% is the general stage of development, and greater than or equal to 80% is the end stage of development. Generally, the observation of the growth stage stops at 50%. Calculation of the growth stage percentage. First, count the total number of observed plants, then observe the number of plants entering the growth stage among them, calculate the percentage, and round the decimal to the nearest integer when recording. When sowing in holes, the total number of plants in the observed holes should be counted first during the first observation of each growth stage. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] 3. By combining the daily meteorological data of Minxian Basic Meteorological Station in Gansu Province from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018, for the homogenization correction of the daily meteorological data of Huzhu County Basic Meteorological Station in Qinghai Province, and statistically analyzing the meteorological data of different growth stages and the probability of the event of entering a certain growth stage. If in n repeated experiments, event A appears n A times, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0057]

[0058] The observation of the general stage and initial stage of each development period of Angelica sinensis is carried out by the above method. During the breeding period, sowing starts, and the seedlings emerge in about 26 days. By the middle and late August, the seedlings have three leaves and one heart. The time for lifting the seedlings is from September 20th to October 10th in the Gregorian calendar (the time from sowing to lifting the seedlings is controlled at about 110 to 120 days). The observation of the development period of more than 700 days from a single Angelica sinensis seed becomes the observation of the development period during the period of more healthy Angelica sinensis seeds.

[0059] is the frequency of the occurrence of event A in n trials. By this method, the most suitable meteorological index data for the morphological characteristics of Angelica sinensis in different development periods are determined for meteorological indexes such as high temperature, continuous rain, precipitation, humidity, and wind. Combining the five-year field experiments, it is obtained that:

[0060] During the breeding period: The seeds are placed in warm water at 30°C to 40°C, and seeds are sown while stirring. The empty seeds floating on the water surface are scooped out. After the plump seeds sinking to the bottom are soaked for 24 hours, they are taken out for germination. When the seeds show white tips, they can be sown, and the emergence rate is above 80%. The emergence takes an average of 26 days, and the seedlings are lifted when the average temperature drops to 3°C to 7°C.

[0061] The suitable meteorological conditions during the period from the transplanting period to the first greening period of Angelica sinensis medicinal materials are as follows:

[0062] ① The first day with an average daily temperature ≥ 0.8°C is the starting temperature index for Angelica sinensis transplantation. The suitable temperature index for Angelica sinensis transplantation is an average daily temperature of 0.8°C to 14.4°C.

[0063] ② The accumulated temperature ≥ 52.4°C is required from transplantation to emergence.

[0064] ③ The relative soil humidity is required to be 65% - 80% during the transplanting period. Under suitable soil moisture, Angelica sinensis not only emerges quickly but also evenly.

[0065] ④ The precipitation of 63 mm to 76 mm is required from transplantation to the first greening.

[0066] The suitable meteorological conditions from the first greening period to the stage of three leaves and one heart are as follows:

[0067] ① The first day with an average daily temperature ≥ 1.1°C is the lowest temperature index for Angelica sinensis to reach the stage of three leaves and one heart. The temperature index is an average daily temperature of 1.1°C to 14.7°C.

[0068] ② The accumulated temperature ≥ 199°C is required from the first greening period to the stage of three leaves and one heart.

[0069] ③ The precipitation of 20 mm to 37 mm is required from the first greening period to the stage of three leaves and one heart.

[0070] The suitable meteorological conditions from the stage of three leaves and one heart to the stage of six leaves and one heart are as follows:

[0071] ① The first day when the daily average temperature ≥ 7.9℃ is the lowest temperature index for Angelica sinensis to reach the six-leaf and one-heart stage, and the temperature index from the three-leaf and one-heart stage to the six-leaf and one-heart stage is 7.9℃ - 17.1℃ for the daily average temperature.

[0072] ② The accumulated temperature ≥ 430.7℃ is required from the three-leaf and one-heart stage to the six-leaf and one-heart stage.

[0073] ③ The precipitation from the three-leaf and one-heart stage to the six-leaf and one-heart stage is 115 mm - 201 mm.

[0074] The suitable meteorological conditions from the six-leaf and one-heart stage to the seven-leaf and one-heart stage are as follows:

[0075] ① The first day when the daily average temperature ≤ 10.3℃ is the lowest temperature index for Angelica sinensis to reach the seven-leaf and one-heart stage.

[0076] ② The precipitation from the six-leaf and one-heart stage to the seven-leaf and one-heart stage is 62 mm - 73 mm.

[0077] The suitable meteorological conditions from the seven-leaf and one-heart stage to the mature medicine stage are as follows:

[0078] ① The last day when the daily average temperature ≥ 0℃ is the lowest temperature index for Angelica sinensis to reach the harvest stage.

[0079] ② The precipitation from the seven-leaf and one-heart stage to the harvest period is 334 mm - 380 mm.

[0080] Field management is carried out according to the above suitable meteorological indicators.

[0081] Example 2. Establishment of the climate quality evaluation model for Angelica sinensis

[0082] The classical probability model uses the combination principle. From n different originals, m different elements are randomly selected (1 ≤ m ≤ n), and all different combination totals that form a group without considering the order are calculated by the formula:

[0083]

[0084] Using this method, the main meteorological elements affecting the yield of Angelica sinensis and correlation analysis are calculated. The daily humidity, temperature, precipitation, sunshine, diurnal temperature range of the highest and lowest temperatures from 2009 to 2023 are analyzed and combined with the height at the three-leaf and one-heart stage of Angelica sinensis, the height at the harvestable stage, the main root length, the main root diameter, the fresh weight and dry weight of the roots per plant, and the theoretical yield, and correlation analysis is carried out. It is obtained that the correlation between the average temperature at the seven-leaf and one-heart stage and the yield is 0.91, the correlation between the diurnal temperature range at the three-leaf and one-heart stage and the main root diameter is 0.80, and the correlation between the temperature at the transplanting stage and the theoretical yield is 0.76. A method for determining the quality of Angelica sinensis is established through the classical model and the method of conditional probability and its application:

[0085]

[0086] IACQ —— Angelica sinensis climate quality index.

[0087] n —— The number of climate quality indicators.

[0088] a i —— The weight coefficients of the average temperature, diurnal temperature range from the stage of seven leaves and one heart of Angelica sinensis to the harvest period, the average temperature at the transplanting stage of Angelica sinensis, precipitation, and high temperature are 0.5, 0.2, 0.2, 0.08, and 0.02 respectively.

[0089] M i —— The average temperature from the harvest period of seven leaves and one heart of Angelica sinensis, the diurnal temperature range from the transplanting stage to the stage of becoming a medicine of Angelica sinensis, the average temperature at the transplanting stage of Angelica sinensis, the precipitation at the transplanting stage of Angelica sinensis, and the number of high - temperature days from the transplanting stage to the harvest period of Angelica sinensis. The grading and assignment method of meteorological indicators in the Angelica sinensis climate evaluation model is shown in Table 1:

[0090] Table 1 Grading and assignment method of meteorological indicators in the Angelica sinensis climate evaluation model

[0091]

[0092] The division of Angelica sinensis climate quality grades is shown in Table 2:

[0093] Table 2 Division of Angelica sinensis climate quality grades

[0094] Level <![CDATA[Angelica sinensis climate quality index (I ACQ )]]> Exceptionally excellent <![CDATA[I ACQ > 16.96 <!-- 5 -->]]> Excellent <![CDATA[10.84 < I ACQ ≤ 14.64]]> Good <![CDATA[6.42 < I ACQ ≤ 10.84]]> Average <![CDATA[6.42≥I ACQ >

[0095] 5. Finally, the interval estimation method is used to determine the confidence interval of the suitable temperature, precipitation, and various meteorological indicators for each growth period of Angelica sinensis to evaluate the impact of meteorological conditions on the quality of Angelica sinensis. See Tables 3 - 5.

[0096] Table 3 Transplanting to the first greening

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] Table 4 Growth period: Seven leaves and one heart to the stage of becoming a medicine

[0100] Meteorological factor Suitability index Average temperature T (°C) Exceptionally excellent: 10.0 ≤ T ≤ 16.0 Daily temperature range Tr (°C) Exceptionally excellent: 11.0 ≤ Tr Number of days with maximum temperature ≥ 30°C, DTmax (days) Exceptionally excellent: DTmax = 0

[0101] Table 5 Growth period: Transplanting stage - stage of becoming a medicine

[0102] Meteorological factor Suitability index Average temperature T (°C) Exceptionally excellent: 10.0 ≤ T < 16.0 Daily temperature range Tr (°C) Exceptionally excellent: 11.0 ≤ Tr Number of days with maximum temperature ≥ 30°C, DTmax (days) Exceptionally excellent: DTmax = 0

[0103] Example 3. Conduct a regression analysis test on the established suitable meteorological indicators through the established model.

[0104] Angelica sinensis stage of becoming a medicine: Unfavorable meteorological conditions from transplanting to the first greening:

[0105] ① When the accumulated temperature is < 52.4°C and the daily average temperature is below 0°C, transplanting is not conducive to the first greening of Angelica sinensis, manifested as slow first greening, weak seedlings or death.

[0106] ② When the relative soil humidity is greater than 85% or less than 65%, it is not conducive to the first greening of Angelica sinensis, manifested as: when the soil humidity is too high or the surface of the soil is compacted, the soil air is insufficient, often due to lack of oxygen, resulting in low survival rate of seedlings, and even mildew; even if germinated with difficulty, the growth is very weak; in severe cases, the mortality rate reaches 95%.

[0107] Unfavorable meteorological conditions from the first greening to the stage of three leaves and one heart:

[0108] ① When the accumulated temperature is < 199°C and the daily average temperature is below 1.1°C, it is not conducive to the growth and development of Angelica sinensis.

[0109] ② When the cumulative precipitation is < 20.2 mm, it is not conducive to the growth and development of Angelica sinensis.

[0110] ③ If the soil moisture is insufficient, the roots are prone to premature senility. If the moisture is too much, the soil air is insufficient, and the roots are also inhibited.

[0111] Unfavorable meteorological conditions from the stage of three leaves and one heart to the stage of six leaves and one heart:

[0112] ① When the accumulated temperature is < 430.7°C and the daily average temperature is above 17.1°C, the bolting plants of Angelica sinensis account for 10% of the total.

[0113] ② When the cumulative precipitation is < 115.6 mm, it is not conducive to the growth and development of Angelica sinensis, the plant density is uneven, the plants are short, and the height is uneven.

[0114] Unfavorable meteorological conditions from the stage of six leaves and one heart to the stage of seven leaves and one heart:

[0115] ① Too high temperature is likely to cause large - area bolting of Angelica sinensis. When the daily average temperature is above 18.8°C, the bolting plants of Angelica sinensis account for more than 40% of the total.

[0116] ② When the cumulative precipitation is < 62 mm, it is not conducive to the growth and development of Angelica sinensis. Unfavorable meteorological conditions from the stage of seven leaves and one heart to the harvesting period: when the daily average temperature is below 0°C, it is not conducive to the growth of Angelica sinensis medicinal materials; it is not conducive to harvesting.

[0117] Combined with further verification of the established indicators through nearly five - year field experiments, a professional meteorological service plan was established, and the indicators for different growth periods formulated were continuously tested in practice.

[0118] The technical features of the above - described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of concise description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above - described embodiments are described. However, as long as the combinations of these technical features do not conflict, they should all be considered as the scope described in this specification.

[0119] Example 4. An agricultural planting method for Angelica sinensis

[0120] During the seedling raising period of Angelica sinensis

[0121] I. Pre-sowing preparations

[0122] 1.1 Selection of plot

[0123] The seedling raising land should be selected at an altitude of 2700 meters, with deep soil layer, fertile, loose, without stones, slope less than 20°, and the soil is loose, fertile, rich in humus, deep soil layer, well-drained, shady and humid uncultivated land or fallow land.

[0124] 1.2 Treatment of the soil in the plot before sowing

[0125] Since it is not suitable to apply top dressing during the seedling raising period, it is recommended to burn the weeds in late May, apply 2000 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure per mu, or apply 75 kg of organic fertilizer or hemp residue, 35 kg of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg of urea, and 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu for mixed fertilization.

[0126] Mix 150 grams of 50% carbendazim powder per mu and 500 ml of 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate per mu with 100 kg of fine soil and make poisonous soil for broadcasting. Or apply 3 kg of 3% phoxim insecticidal granules per mu and mix with chemical fertilizers and apply them into the soil to kill various underground pests in the soil.

[0127] 1.3 Leveling of the plot

[0128] Deep plowing: Adhere to the principle of "deep plowing and shallow sowing", and the plowing depth is 30 cm.

[0129] Ridging: The ridge width is 40 cm, the ridge height is 20 cm, and the ridge spacing is 30 cm.

[0130] II. Sowing

[0131] 2.1 Seed selection

[0132] The seeds should be selected from three-year-old, normally mature, well-preserved, with an appearance of orange to yellowish-brown, no mildew, no diseases and pests, and a germination rate of more than 70%.

[0133] The seeds of Angelica sinensis are thin flakes, about 23.09 g per 1000 grains, and have a short lifespan; at room temperature, they lose their vitality after being placed for 1 year; if stored under low-temperature and dry conditions, their lifespan can reach more than 3 years. The endosperm in the seeds of Angelica sinensis has the largest volume, accounting for 98% of the seeds, and it provides the nutritional basis for seed germination. When the temperature reaches 6°C, the seeds of Angelica sinensis begin to germinate, and with the increase of temperature, the emergence speed accelerates. When the temperature reaches 24°C, the seeds germinate fastest, generally germinating in 4 days and emerging within 15 days.

[0134] 2.2 Seed treatment

[0135] ①Remove impurities, shriveled seeds, mildewed seeds, and insect-damaged seeds before sowing. The seeds during the angelica seedling cultivation period are as Figure 1 shown.

[0136] ②Soak the seeds and promote germination: Angelica seeds need to absorb a large amount of water during germination. When the water absorption reaches 25% of the seed weight, the seeds begin to germinate, but the germination speed is slow; when the water absorption reaches 40% of the seed's own weight, it is close to its saturation point, and the germination speed of the seeds is the fastest. Therefore, before sowing, place the seeds in warm water at 40°C, sprinkle the seeds while stirring, skim off the shriveled seeds floating on the water surface, soak the plump seeds that sink to the bottom for 24 hours, then take them out for germination. When the seeds show white tips, they can be sown.

[0137] 2.3 Sowing

[0138] Sow from the Grain in Ear to the Summer Solstice (early June). Sow the seeds into the ridges against the wind about 30 cm above the ridge surface. About 7 kg of seeds are needed per mu. After sowing, use an iron rake to evenly rake the wet soil onto the ridge surface and cover it with 0.5 cm of soil. Angelica seedlings like shade and are afraid of strong light. It is necessary to cover them with 3 cm of grass of gramineous plants for shading. It is best to choose the east or west slopes for seedling cultivation.

[0139] Emergence and three leaves and one heart

[0140] Generally, emergence occurs about 26 days after sowing, and then it enters the stage of three leaves and one heart. The emergence is as Figure 2 shown, and the three leaves and one heart is as Figure 3 shown.

[0141] When the seedlings are all emerged and are more than 1 cm tall, that is, 41 days after sowing, the covering grass must be gently loosened once, and the weeds must be pulled out. When the seedlings are 3 cm tall and there are 3 cotyledons, in the middle and late August, loosen the soil once again, combined with weeding and thinning the seedlings, and the distance between seedlings is 1 cm.

[0142] After the dog days (in the first and middle of September), choose a cloudy day and gently remove the covering grass. Pull out the weeds and loosen the soil once again to promote its growth.

[0143] Digging up the seedlings

[0144] The time to dig up the seedlings is around the Cold Dew, from September 20th to October 10th in the Gregorian calendar. (Control the time from sowing to digging up the seedlings within 120 days). When the early frost comes and the temperature drops to 5°C, dig up the seedlings from the bottom up of the seedbed. Use a three-pronged tool 20 cm long to dig into the soil layer at 80 degrees for 20 cm, and gently shake the three-pronged tool to loosen the bed soil. Pay attention to avoiding damaging the roots, and carefully pick out the seedlings with an appropriate amount of soil from the loosened bed soil.

[0145] Twist off the remaining leaves of the dug-up seedlings by hand, remove the large seedlings with a diameter of more than 2.5 cm and the small seedlings with a diameter of less than 3 mm, as well as the seedlings with too many lateral roots, diseased seedlings, insect-damaged and mechanically damaged seedlings. Bundle the remaining seedlings with an appropriate amount of soil. Each bundle is about 300 grams. Put the seedling bundles into plastic frames or fiber bags and transport them back. Mechanical damage is strictly prohibited. The time of digging up the seedlings is as Figure 4as shown

[0146] III. Seedling Storage

[0147] 3.1 Seedling Drying

[0148] In a well-ventilated, cool and dry place, lean the seedlings against each other with the tips facing outward and place them obliquely on the ground covered with fine dry raw soil for 7 days to allow them to lose some moisture.

[0149] 3.2 Seedling Storage

[0150] 3.2.1 Cellar Storage (Wet Storage): Select a dry, cool place without rat holes and water seepage. Dig a square or round pit according to the number of seedlings. Place the seedlings in a single layer at the bottom of the pit, cover them with 5 cm of semi-dry raw soil, and store them in 7 layers one by one. The thickness of each layer of seedlings is 7 cm, and then pile 40 cm of soil on top, making it higher than the ground to form a turtle's back to prevent waterlogging. After that, check at any time to prevent rot. The seedlings stored in this way have relatively poor drought resistance.

[0151] 3.2.2 Dry Storage (Pit Planting): In a smokeless and cool room, build a soil pool with a side length of 1 m using adobe bricks. Spread 5 cm of raw soil in the pool. Place the seedlings in 1 layer from the inside out, with the roots facing in and the tips facing out, leaving an 8 cm gap between the bundles of seedlings. After filling the pool, add 1 more layer of soil and make the top into a fish ridge shape. The seedlings stored in this way have relatively strong drought resistance.

[0152] Medicinal Period of Angelica sinensis

[0153] I. Transplanting Area

[0154] 1.1 Site Selection

[0155] Angelica sinensis prefers a cold, cool and humid climate. Generally, a place with an altitude of 2,800 meters is selected. Angelica sinensis avoids continuous cropping and is not suitable to be planted in the plot where other root medicinal materials were planted last year. It is advisable to select a land that has been rotated with crops such as broad beans, rapeseed, flax, and forage for more than three years. It is advisable to select a semi-shady and semi-sunny slope, with deep, loose, fertile and well-drained sandy loam or humus loam. Transplanting is as Figure 5 as shown

[0156] 1.2 Land Preparation, Fertilization and Soil Treatment

[0157] 1.2.1 Land Preparation and Fertilization: Deeply plow the cultivated land by more than 25 cm before transplanting. Combine plowing and apply more than 3,000 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure per mu, and apply 30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 15 kg of urea, and 10 kg of potassium sulfate. Or apply 50 kg of special fertilizer for Angelica sinensis, and spread the farmyard manure and fertilizers evenly on the ground surface before plowing, and mix them into the tillage layer soil along with plowing.

[0158] 1.2.2 Soil Treatment: Before plowing, mix 500 ml of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate and 150 g of 50% carbendazim powder or 100 g of 40% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder with 100 kg of fine sand to form a poisonous soil and broadcast it.

[0159] II. Transplanting to the First Green-Return Period

[0160] 2.1 Selection of Seedlings

[0161] Generally, select small seedlings with a diameter of 5 mm, uniform and robust growth, no disease infection, few lateral roots, smooth epidermis (fresh weight of 100 roots is 110 g), and a root length of 15 cm for standby. The seedling age is 120 days, and the fresh weight of 100 roots is 70 g. Try to avoid using seedlings that are too thin with a diameter less than 2 mm and large seedlings with a diameter over 6 mm as much as possible.

[0162] 2.2 Seedling Treatment

[0163] Before planting the seedlings, prepare a medicated solution by mixing 250 g of 40% phoxim and 250 g of 50% carbendazim with 15 kg of water. Dip the seedlings in the medicated solution. Generally, transplant them to the field after about 10 hours, which can prevent pests, diseases and Angelica sinensis root rot.

[0164] 2.3 Transplanting

[0165] Under normal circumstances, the accumulated temperature required for Angelica sinensis to be transplanted to the first green-return period is about 200℃. In a region, the most suitable date for transplanting is calculated by counting back from the date when the local average temperature stabilizes above 0.8℃ to the date when the accumulated temperature reaches 52.4℃. Generally speaking, in the shallow mountainous areas, transplant in early April in spring, and in the semi-mountainous areas, transplant in late April. The local average temperature during the transplanting period stabilizes at 14.4℃. The first green-return of Angelica sinensis is as Figure 6 shown.

[0166] 2.3.1 Suitable Meteorological Conditions:

[0167] ① The starting date of the daily average temperature ≥ 0.8℃ is the starting temperature index for Angelica sinensis transplanting. The suitable temperature index for Angelica sinensis transplanting is the daily average temperature of 0.8℃ - 14.4℃.

[0168] ② The accumulated temperature ≥ 52.4℃ is required from transplanting to the first green-return period.

[0169] ③ The relative soil humidity is required to be 65% - 80% during the transplanting period. Under suitable soil moisture, Angelica sinensis not only has a fast first green-return but also is uniform.

[0170] ④ The precipitation is required to be 63 mm - 76 mm from the transplanting period to the first green-return period.

[0171] 2.3.2 Unfavorable Meteorological Conditions

[0172] ① When the accumulated temperature < 52.4℃ and the daily average temperature is lower than 0℃ during transplanting, it is not conducive to the first green-return of Angelica sinensis, manifested as slow first green-return, weak seedlings or death.

[0173] ②If the relative soil humidity is greater than 85% or less than 65%, it is not conducive to the first greening of Angelica sinensis, manifested as: when the soil humidity is too high or the ground surface is compacted, the soil air is insufficient, often due to lack of oxygen, resulting in low survival rate of seedlings, and even mildew; even if germinated with difficulty, the growth is very weak; in severe cases, the mortality rate reaches 95%.

[0174] Maintain the daily average temperature ≥ 0.8 °C; maintain the water replenishment amount at 63 mm - 76 mm.

[0175] 2.3.3 The main cultivation methods include cultivation in the middle of the film and cultivation between the films.

[0176] ① Cultivation in the middle of the film: Seize the opportunity to cover the film and form ridges: The width of the ridge surface is 80 cm, the ridge ditch is 20 cm, and the ridge height is about 10 cm. Select black (white) strong plastic film with a width of 120 cm. It is required to form ridges and cover the film at the same time, and the film should be unfolded, firm and tight. After covering the film, press a soil belt every about 2 meters on the plastic film. Dig holes on the ridge surface at a hole spacing of 30 cm and a row spacing of 25 cm, with a hole depth of 15 cm, and plant 2 plants in each hole.

[0177] When planting, it is required that the seedlings be straightened and separated, and the head of the seedling is slightly higher than the plastic film plane by about 2 cm. The head of the seedling is covered with fine soil, and the hole mouth is sealed tightly. After the planting is completed, sweep the excess soil particles on the film surface to keep the film surface clean, so as to ensure the maximum increase in the light transmission area of the plastic film, increase the ground temperature and kill weeds.

[0178] ② Cultivation method between the films (film-side planting method): It is required that the width of the ridge surface is 40 cm, the ridge spacing is 40 cm, the ridge surface is 8 cm higher than the ridge ditch, and the ridge surface is slightly higher than both sides. Plant at the slope close to the ridge edge, with a plant spacing of 18 cm. The advantage of this method is that the plastic film is not damaged, and the heat preservation and moisture preservation effect of the plastic film can be better. The procedures of checking and supplementing seedlings in the film planting are omitted, and the phenomenon of burning seedlings will not occur. Theoretically, film-side cultivation is superior to film cultivation. Dig trenches, with a trench spacing of 40 cm and a depth of 15 cm; place the seedlings: plant spacing 15 cm; cover with soil; cover the film (35 cm wide black plastic film), and compact. Generally, 16,000 seedlings are planted per mu. When planting, it is required that the seedlings be straightened and separated.

[0179] 2.4 The first greening

[0180] When the leaves of 50% of the transplanted seedlings expose the soil surface and are about 1.0 cm long, it is recorded as the first greening. After the Angelica sinensis is planted until the first greening, check for missing or dead seedlings. If the missing seedling rate reaches 10%, seedlings should be supplemented in time. For cultivation in the middle of the film, at least ensure that there is 1 seedling per hole.

[0181] III. From the first greening stage to the stage of seven leaves and one heart

[0182] 3.1 From the first greening stage to the stage of three leaves and one heart

[0183] When the local average temperature stabilizes above 6.2°C at the beginning stage of Angelica sinensis with three leaves and one heart, generally, from the first regreening of Angelica sinensis to the stage of three leaves and one heart (the third leaf forms and the fourth leaf is about 1.0 cm long), the accumulated temperature required is 347°C. Generally speaking, during this period, the local average temperature stabilizes at 14.7°C, the growth height is 18 cm, and it generally takes 31 days. At the stage of three leaves and one heart in the mature stage of Angelica sinensis, as Figure 7 shown.

[0184] 3.1.1 Suitable Meteorological Conditions

[0185] ① The first day when the daily average temperature ≥ 1.1°C is the lowest temperature index for Angelica sinensis to reach the stage of three leaves and one heart. The temperature index from the first regreening to the stage of three leaves and one heart is a daily average temperature of 1.1°C - 14.7°C.

[0186] ② The accumulated temperature required from the first regreening stage to the stage of three leaves and one heart is ≥ 199°C.

[0187] ③ The precipitation required from the first regreening stage to the stage of three leaves and one heart is 20 mm - 37 mm.

[0188] 3.1.2 Unfavorable Meteorological Conditions

[0189] ① When the accumulated temperature < 199°C and the daily average temperature is lower than 1.1°C, it is not conducive to the growth and development of Angelica sinensis.

[0190] ② When the cumulative precipitation < 20.2 mm, it is not conducive to the growth and development of Angelica sinensis.

[0191] ③ If the soil moisture is insufficient, the roots are prone to premature senility. If the moisture is excessive, the soil air is insufficient, and the roots are also inhibited.

[0192] Keep the daily average temperature ≥ 1.1°C; keep the supplementary water volume at 20 mm - 37 mm;

[0193] 3.1.3 Observation Area Zoning and Fixed Plants

[0194] Divide the observation plot into 4 equal areas according to the shape of the field as 4 replicates, number them in sequence, and conduct observations on the development period and height in these four areas.

[0195] Near the observation point of the development period, select a place with representative plant growth height. The measurement point should be more than 2 m away from the edge of the field.

[0196] ① Continuously select 10 plants at each measurement point, and a total of 40 plants at 4 measurement points. When individual plants are broken or dead, they should be supplemented. When 3 or more plants at a measurement point lose representativeness, all the plants at that measurement point should be reselected and noted in the remarks column.

[0197] ② Measure the height from the soil surface to the highest leaf tip after the leaves of the measured plant are straightened. Record it in cm, rounding off the decimals and taking integers.

[0198] ③Measurement of density: Number of rows within 1 m: Measure the widths of 10 row spacings (11 rows) at each measuring point, take two decimal places in meters (i.e., cm), then count the number of row spacings. Divide the total number of row spacings at 4 measuring points by the total measured width to obtain the average number of rows within 1 m.

[0199] Number of plants within 1 m: Continuously measure the lengths of 10 hill spacings at each measurement (measurement method is the same as that for measuring the number of rows within 1 m), count the number of plants among them. Divide the sum of the number of plants at each measuring point by the total measured length to obtain the number of plants within 1 m.

[0200] 1 m 2 Number of plants: 1 m 2 Number of plants = Average number of rows within 1 m × Average number of plants within 1 m.

[0201] 3.1.4 Production measures

[0202] ①When the seedling height is above 5 cm, thin out the seedlings in combination with the first intertillage. When the seedling height reaches 8 cm, thin to a hill spacing of 15 cm. When it grows to 15 cm, conduct the first weeding. The weeding should be thorough and deep, but avoid damaging the roots and seedlings. Combine weeding with pulling out or cutting off the bolting plants.

[0203] ②Topdressing: For plots with poor growth, depending on the field fertilization situation, apply 2.5 kg of urea per mu before rain; in case of nutrient deficiency symptoms, choose Huashuo nutrient solution or multi - element micro - fertilizer and spray it 3 times with a 1500 - fold solution during the growth period.

[0204] ③When it grows to 30 cm, combine with the second weeding, timely thin out the bolting plants and prevent bolting. Keep about 8000 plants per mu.

[0205] 3.2 From three - leaf - one - heart to six - leaf - one - heart

[0206] At the beginning of the six - leaf - one - heart stage of Angelica sinensis, when the local average temperature stabilizes above 9.5℃. Generally, for Angelica sinensis from three - leaf - one - heart to six - leaf - one - heart (the sixth leaf forms and the seventh leaf is about 1.0 cm long), the accumulated temperature required is 443.2℃. Generally, during this period, the local average temperature stabilizes at 17.1℃ and it generally takes 35 days.

[0207] 3.2.1 Suitable meteorological conditions

[0208] ①The first day when the daily average temperature ≥ 7.9℃ is the lowest temperature index for Angelica sinensis to reach the six - leaf - one - heart stage. The temperature index from three - leaf - one - heart to six - leaf - one - heart is a daily average temperature of 7.9℃ - 17.1℃.

[0209] ②From three - leaf - one - heart to six - leaf - one - heart, it requires an accumulated temperature of ≥ 430.7℃.

[0210] ③From three - leaf - one - heart to six - leaf - one - heart, the required precipitation is 115 mm - 201 mm.

[0211] 3.2.2 Unfavorable Meteorological Conditions

[0212] ① When the accumulated temperature is < 430.7℃ and the daily average temperature is higher than 17.1℃, the bolting plants of Angelica sinensis account for 10% of the total number.

[0213] ② When the accumulated precipitation is < 115.6 mm, it is not conducive to the growth and development of Angelica sinensis. The plant density is uneven, the plants are short, and the height is uneven.

[0214] Keep the daily average temperature ≥ 7.9℃; keep the water supplement amount at 115 mm - 201 mm;

[0215] 3.2.3 Production Measures

[0216] Do a good job in field management, remove the bolting plants, prevent diseases and pests, and prevent bolting.

[0217] 3.3 Six Leaves and One Heart to Seven Leaves and One Heart

[0218] When the local average temperature stabilizes above 12.7℃ at the beginning of the seven - leaves - and - one - heart stage of Angelica sinensis, generally from six leaves and one heart to seven leaves and one heart of Angelica sinensis (the seventh leaf forms and the eighth leaf is about 1.0 cm long), the accumulated temperature required is 258.7℃. Generally speaking, during this period, the local average temperature stabilizes between 18.8℃ and it takes 17 days. As shown in the case of the seven - leaves - and - one - heart stage of Angelica sinensis Figure 8 shown.

[0219] 3.3.1 Suitable Meteorological Conditions

[0220] ① The first day when the daily average temperature ≤ 10.3℃ is the lowest temperature index for Angelica sinensis to reach the seven - leaves - and - one - heart stage.

[0221] ② The precipitation required from six leaves and one heart to seven leaves and one heart is 62 mm - 73 mm.

[0222] 3.3.2 Unfavorable Meteorological Conditions

[0223] ① Too high temperature is likely to cause large - area bolting of Angelica sinensis. When the daily average temperature is higher than 18.8℃, the bolting plants of Angelica sinensis account for more than 40% of the total number.

[0224] ② When the accumulated precipitation is < 62 mm, it is not conducive to the growth and development of Angelica sinensis.

[0225] Keep the daily average temperature ≤ 10.3℃, keep the water supplement amount at 62 mm - 73 mm;

[0226] 3.3.3 Production Measures

[0227] From late June to early July, in combination with the third intertillage and weeding, cut off the bolting plants again. And do a good job in preventing diseases and pests.

[0228] IV. From Seven Leaves and One Heart to the Medicinal - Material - Forming Stage

[0229] The period from the stage of angelica with seven leaves and one heart to the stage of becoming a finished medicine is the critical period for angelica to become a finished medicine and for the main root to thicken and lengthen. It requires an accumulated temperature of 1300.9 °C. Generally speaking, during this period, the local average temperature is stable at 0 °C, usually from late October to early November. It is dug before the soil freezes at 0 cm and before the first snowfall.

[0230] 4.1 Meteorological Conditions and Yield Analysis

[0231] 4.1.1 Suitable Meteorological Conditions

[0232] ① The last day when the daily average temperature ≥ 0 °C is the lowest temperature index for angelica to reach the harvest period.

[0233] ② The precipitation from the stage of seven leaves and one heart to the harvest period is 334 mm to 380 mm.

[0234] 4.1.2 Unfavorable Meteorological Conditions

[0235] When the daily average temperature is lower than 0 °C, it is not conducive to the growth of angelica medicinal materials. When the ground temperature is lower than 0 °C, soil freezing will occur, which is not conducive to digging.

[0236] Keep the daily average temperature ≥ 0 °C and keep the water replenishment amount at 334 mm to 380 mm.

[0237] 4.1.3 Yield Analysis

[0238] ① Measure the density at 4 measuring points in each plot. Continuously pick 10 plants row by row and plant by plant in each plot. Measure the height of 40 plants in total from 4 plots, and use a spade to dig out the medicinal materials of 40 plants completely, avoiding breaking the roots or missing any. Wash the soil from the dug angelica medicinal materials in time and dry the moisture.

[0239] ② Conduct root thickness measurement. The method is to measure the maximum diameter at the thickest part of the main root. Measure it with a vernier caliper, record it as an integer in mm.

[0240] ③ Measure the length of the main root of each plant in the sample one by one, calculate the average value, and measure the fresh weight.

[0241] ④ Conduct oven baking. Put the sample bag into a constant temperature drying oven to heat. Control the temperature at 105 °C for the first hour for fixation, and then maintain it at 80 °C for 12 hours for the first weighing. Weigh every hour later. When the weight difference between the sample in the previous and the current weighing ≤ 5‰, stop baking this sample. The medicinal roots can be sliced after weighing their fresh weights for easier drying.

[0242] However, when maintaining the quality of the medicine, the temperature cannot exceed 60 °C under constant temperature. The baking time generally takes 14 days.

[0243] ⑤ Dry weight of single-plant root (g): After drying, weigh the total weight of 40 plants. Average dry weight of single-plant root = total weight of 40 plants ÷ 40.

[0244] ⑥Theoretical yield (g / m 2 ): Dry root weight per plant × Number of plants per 1 m at harvest time 2

[0245] 4.2 Production measures

[0246] 4.2.1 Angelica sinensis is dug in late October to early November of the current year. Seven days before digging, cut off the above-ground stems and leaves of Angelica sinensis, leaving only a 5-cm stubble for easy identification during harvesting.

[0247] 4.2.2 After cutting the leaves, prevent trampling by humans and livestock to avoid rotting of Angelica sinensis. Before digging, remove the residual ground plastic film, and use a mechanical or manual three-tooth claw special tool to dig out the Angelica sinensis plants, roughly shake off the soil, ensure the integrity of the root strips, and place them in the field for sun drying.

[0248] 4.2.3 After Angelica sinensis is sun-dried in the field for 3 hours, gently tap the head of Angelica sinensis with a wooden stick several times, shake off the soil between the root strips, roughly straighten the root strips, pile 10 plants together, sun-dry them in place, and pick out the rotten plants and the root tips.

[0249] 4.3. Processing and storage

[0250] 4.3.1 Primary processing: After the roots of Angelica sinensis are sun-dried until the root strips are soft, tie them into small bundles according to the specifications, with each bundle weighing about 1 catty of fresh weight. Stack the tied Angelica sinensis in 6 layers, with a total height not exceeding 50 cm. Place it in a dry and ventilated room or a special fumigation shed for smoke drying. Avoid using an open fire, keep the indoor temperature at 60°C, and regularly stop the fire for moisture return, turn the pile up and down to make the drying degree uniform. After 15 days, the inside and outside of the root bundles are dry and uniform, making a crisp sound when broken by hand, with a bright red surface and a milky white cross-section being good. When processing Angelica sinensis, it is not suitable to dry it in the sun, dry it in the shade or roast it with fire. The temperature of the oven baking should not exceed 60°, otherwise the commodity quality will be reduced.

[0251] 4.3.2 Storage: Angelica sinensis is prone to being damaged by insects, getting moldy and having oil seepage. The end of the Angelica sinensis medicinal material is easy to absorb moisture and become soft, can be bent arbitrarily, with an oily substance overflowing on the surface and emitting an abnormal smell. Therefore, the Angelica sinensis harvested in the current year should be stored in a cool and dry place. Pay attention to regular inspections in the storage room. The medicinal materials should be stored on the shelves, keeping a sufficient distance from the walls, and inspected regularly. If moisture absorption or mild mildew and insect damage are found, dry them in the sun or by baking in time.

[0252] Angelica sinensis seed collection period

[0253] I. The second regreening of Angelica sinensis

[0254] 1.1 Seedling collection

[0255] For the medicinal materials not dug in the second year, select the ones with good growth and no bolting as the seedlings for seed collection in the third year. After the Angelica sinensis seedlings in the third year turn green and new leaves emerge, conduct the first weeding. ​

[0256] When the seedling height is about 10 cm, pull out the overcrowded seedlings and thin them out with a minimum plant spacing of 20 cm. When the seedling height is about 30 cm in early June, top-dress 6 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate at the roots (hole application), and carry out the second weeding to pull out the inferior and miscellaneous seedlings.

[0257] 1.2 Bolting

[0258] Only the seedlings of Angelica sinensis that bolt in the third year are used for seed collection. The seeds collected from the seedlings that bolt in the second year have a bolting rate of 95%, so they cannot be used as seeds for raising seedlings. Only those that bolt in the third year are normal. Bolting is as Figure 9 shown, and the flowering of Angelica sinensis is as Figure 10 shown.

[0259] 1.3 Seed maturity

[0260] Harvest medium-mature seeds. The degree of maturity is identified from the color and plumpness of the fruits. Before the seeds mature, they are light green. When mature, the seed coat becomes dense, the seeds are plump, and the color turns into pinkish white, that is, "fish maw white". At this time, the seeds can be collected. If waiting for the color of the mature fruits to turn brown, the seedlings are prone to bolting and cannot be used as seeds.

[0261] 1.4 Seed collection tools

[0262] Pruning shears, sickles

[0263] 1.5 Collection method

[0264] Use tools such as pruning shears and sickles to cut or scythe the ear of fruit from the base, with a branch length of 40 cm. Tie the harvested ears of fruit into small bundles with cotton thread. Divide each small bundle of ears of fruit into two halves, with an angle of about 30° and a spacing of 25 cm, and place them on a hemp rope and hang them in a cool and ventilated place to dry. The seed collection of Angelica sinensis is as Figure 11 shown.

[0265] The above-described embodiments only represent several implementation manners of the present invention. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the invention patent. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. An agricultural planting method of angelica sinensis, characterized in that: The agricultural planting method includes sowing, field management and seed collection; The field management is carried out according to the following suitable meteorological indicators: From transplanting to the first greening: maintain the daily average temperature ≥ 0.8℃; maintain the water replenishment volume at 63 mm to 76 mm; From the first greening to the three leaves and one heart: maintain the daily average temperature ≥ 1.1℃; maintain the water replenishment at 20 mm to 37 mm; Three leaves and one heart to six leaves and one heart: maintain the daily average temperature ≥ 7.9℃; maintain the water replenishment volume at 115 mm to 201 mm; Six-leaf one-heart to seven-leaf one-heart: maintain the daily average temperature ≤ 10.3℃ and the water replenishment volume at 62mm-73mm; From the period when Seven-Leafed Aconite becomes medicine, keep the daily average temperature ≥ 0℃ and the water replenishment volume at 334mm ~ 380mm.

2. The agricultural planting method of angelica according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water at 30℃ ~ 40℃ for 24 hours, take out to germinate, and sow when the seeds turn white. When the average temperature drops to 3℃ ~ 7℃, remove the seeds and transplant them. The transplanting time should be controlled at 110 to 120 days after sowing.

3. The agricultural planting method of angelica according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field management is carried out in the following ways: When the daily average temperature is ≤0.8℃ during the period from transplanting to the first greening, artificial temperature increase is carried out; when the precipitation is less than 63mm to 76mm, artificial water supplement is carried out; When the daily average temperature is ≤1.1℃ during the period from the first greening to the three leaves and one heart, artificial warming is carried out; when the precipitation is less than 20 mm to 37 mm, artificial watering is carried out; When the daily average temperature is ≤7.9℃ during the observation period from three leaves and one heart to six leaves and one heart, artificial warming will be carried out; when the precipitation is less than 115 mm to 201 mm, artificial water replenishment will be carried out; When the average daily temperature is ≥10.3℃ during the observation period from the sixth leaf to the seventh leaf, artificial cooling will be carried out; when the precipitation is less than 62 mm to 73 mm, artificial water replenishment will be carried out; When the daily average temperature is ≤0℃ during the observation period to the medicinal period of Seven-Leafed One-Heart, artificial warming is carried out; when the precipitation is less than 334 mm to 380 mm, artificial water supplementation is carried out.

4. The agricultural planting method of angelica according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method of artificial heating is covering with thermal insulation materials or building a small arch shed.

5. The agricultural planting method of angelica according to claim 3, characterized in that: The artificial cooling method is to cover with a sunshade net or use a wet curtain fan for cooling.

6. The agricultural planting method of angelica according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method of artificial water replenishment is furrow irrigation or foliar spraying.

7. The agricultural planting method of angelica according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the seed collection, medium-mature seeds are collected.

8. The agricultural planting method of angelica according to claim 7, characterized in that: The medium-mature seeds are seeds with pink-white seed coats.

9. The agricultural planting method of angelica according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field management index is screened by the following method: According to the development period of Angelica sinensis, the observation was divided into three stages: seedling stage, medicine stage and seed collection stage. During the seedling stage, the development period from sowing to emergence, three leaves and one heart, and seedling removal was observed; During the drug-forming stage, the development period from transplanting to the first greening, three leaves and one heart, six leaves and one heart, seven leaves and one heart, and drug-forming stage was observed; During the seed collection period, the development period from secondary greening to bolting, flowering, and seed collection was observed; The observation of each growth period adopts the observation of meteorological index data every other day or even every two days, and patrol observation is carried out at the end of ten days to ensure that no growth period is missed; Through meteorological index data and the morphological characteristics, yield and quality of Angelica sinensis in different development stages, combined with the event probability calculation formula, the appropriate meteorological indicators for each development stage are determined, and field management is carried out based on the appropriate meteorological indicators.

10. The agricultural planting method of angelica according to claim 9, characterized in that: The event probability calculation formula used to determine the appropriate meteorological indicators for each growth period is as follows: In n repeated trials, event A occurs n times. A Second-rate.

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