Opening and closing mechanism, vehicle head and railway vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses an opening and closing mechanism, a vehicle head and a rail vehicle, and relates to the technical field of rail traffic, the opening and closing mechanism comprises a first power device, the output end of the first power device is in transmission connection with a first connecting rod, the first connecting rod is hinged to a second connecting rod, and the second connecting rod is connected with a head cover device; the first connecting rod can rotate to a first position and a second position which are parallel to the second connecting rod, the first power device drives the first connecting rod to rotate from the first position to the second position, and the second connecting rod drives the hood device to turn over. According to the opening and closing mechanism, a mechanical dead point structure is used for replacing a locking air cylinder, air path control is omitted, pipeline space occupation is reduced, and meanwhile the locking stability of the opening and closing state of the opening and closing mechanism is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of rail transit technology, and in particular to an opening and closing mechanism, a locomotive and a rail vehicle. Background Art

[0002] The locomotive opening and closing mechanism of a rail vehicle is a key component to ensure the safety of train operation and realize the locomotive coupling function. In the prior art, the locomotive opening and closing mechanism usually uses a locking cylinder to lock and unlock the head cover. The locking cylinder fixes the head cover in the open and closed states through the cooperation of the locking pin and the locking block. This structure has been widely used in traditional rail vehicle design and can meet basic operation requirements.

[0003] However, the opening and closing mechanism that only relies on the locking cylinder in the prior art has certain limitations. The locking cylinder requires the setting of a complex air circuit system, which not only increases the complexity and failure rate of the system, but also puts forward high requirements on the spatial layout of the pipeline. In the pointed shuttle head design of the high-speed EMU, the front space is extremely narrow, and the traditional locking cylinder and its air circuit system are difficult to adapt to this space-constrained environment. In addition, the locking cylinder may be affected by factors such as air pressure fluctuations during the operation of the train, resulting in reduced reliability of locking and unlocking, which in turn affects the safety and stability of the train operation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide an opening and closing mechanism that uses a mechanical dead point structure to replace a locking cylinder, eliminates gas line control, saves pipeline space, and improves the locking stability of the opening and closing mechanism in the open or closed state. Another purpose of the present application is to provide a locomotive and a rail vehicle.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides an opening and closing mechanism, including a first power device, the output end of the first power device is transmission-connected to a first connecting rod, the first connecting rod is hinged to a second connecting rod, the second connecting rod is connected to a head cover device, the first connecting rod can rotate to a first position and a second position parallel to the second connecting rod, the first power device drives the first connecting rod to rotate from the first position to the second position, and the second connecting rod drives the head cover device to flip.

[0006] In some embodiments, the opening and closing mechanism further comprises a polished rod, the head cover device is slidably disposed on the polished rod, and the head cover device can be retreated along the polished rod.

[0007] In some embodiments, the hood device includes a hood which is provided on a fifth link. The fifth link is hinged to a second slider, and the second slider is slidably provided on the optical rod. The hood device further includes a third link which is hinged to the second link, and the third link is fixedly connected to a first slider. The first slider is slidably provided on the optical rod. The third link is further hinged to a fourth link, and the fourth link is hinged to the fifth link.

[0008] In some embodiments, the opening and closing mechanism further includes a second stopper for restricting the movement of the second slider. Before the second slider contacts the second stopper, the hood retracts horizontally along the optical rod driven by the second link. After the second slider contacts the second stopper, the hood flips with the hinge point between the fifth link and the second slider as the axis driven by the second link.

[0009] In some embodiments, the opening and closing mechanism further includes a first stopper for restricting the movement of the first slider. Before the first slider contacts the first stopper, the hood retracts and flips driven by the second link. After the first slider contacts the first stopper, the hood flips to the limit position.

[0010] In some embodiments, the length of the first link is L1, the length of the second link is L2, the retracting distance of the second slider is L3, and the length of the optical rod is L4, and L1 + L2 - (L1 - L2) = L4.

[0011] In some embodiments, the opening and closing mechanism further includes an adapter plate on which the first power device is provided. The opening and closing mechanism further includes a second power device for driving the adapter plate to retract.

[0012] In some embodiments, the second power device includes a power component. The output end of the power component is in transmission connection with a lead screw. A third slider is provided on the lead screw, and the third slider is connected to the adapter plate.

[0013] This application also provides a vehicle head including the above-mentioned opening and closing mechanism.

[0014] This application also provides a rail vehicle including the above-mentioned vehicle head.

[0015] Compared with the above-mentioned background technology, the opening and closing mechanism provided in the present application mainly includes a first power device, the output end of the first power device is transmission-connected to the first connecting rod, the first connecting rod is hinged to the second connecting rod, the second connecting rod is connected to the head cover device, the first connecting rod can rotate to a first position and a second position parallel to the second connecting rod, the first power device drives the first connecting rod to rotate from the first position to the second position, and the second connecting rod drives the head cover device to flip.

[0016] The opening and closing mechanism provided in the present application achieves a replacement for the traditional locking cylinder solution through an ingenious mechanical structure design, thereby significantly improving the stability and space utilization efficiency of the opening and closing mechanism. Specifically, the core of the opening and closing mechanism lies in the transmission and connection relationship between the first power device, the first connecting rod, the second connecting rod and the hood device. The output end of the first power device is transmission-connected to the first connecting rod, the first connecting rod is hinged to the second connecting rod, and the second connecting rod is connected to the hood device. This connection method enables power to be transmitted through the connecting rod system and drive the movement of the hood device.

[0017] The first connecting rod can rotate to two positions parallel to the second connecting rod: the first position and the second position. Both positions are mechanical dead points. When the first connecting rod is in the first position, the hood device is in an unflipped state, which is equivalent to the opening and closing mechanism being in a closed state; and when the first connecting rod rotates to the second position, the hood device completes the flip, which is equivalent to the opening and closing mechanism being in an open state. The key to this design is that, whether in the open or closed state, since the directions of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are parallel, only the force perpendicular to the first connecting rod can unlock the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod. However, the external force applied to the hood device is parallel to the direction of the first connecting rod. Therefore, during normal operation, the hood device cannot generate the vertical force required for unlocking, thereby realizing the self-locking function.

[0018] The implementation of this self-locking mechanism directly replaces the function of the traditional locking cylinder. In the traditional solution, the locking cylinder requires a complex air circuit system to achieve the locking and unlocking of the hood, which not only increases the complexity of the system, but also puts high requirements on the spatial layout of the pipeline. However, the present application eliminates the air circuit control and saves the space occupied by the pipeline through the design of the mechanical dead point structure. At the same time, due to the stability of the mechanical dead point structure, the locking stability of the opening and closing mechanism in the open or closed state is significantly improved, which effectively solves the problems of complex system, limited spatial layout and insufficient reliability caused by reliance on the locking cylinder in the prior art.

[0019] Combined with the above structure and process description, it can be seen that the opening and closing mechanism has at least the following beneficial effects: the opening and closing mechanism uses a mechanical dead point structure to replace the locking cylinder, eliminates the air circuit control, saves pipeline space, and at the same time improves the locking stability of the opening and closing mechanism in the open or closed state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to the provided accompanying drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the opening and closing mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the opening and closing mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0023] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the opening and closing mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present application Figure 3 ;

[0024] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the first connecting rod in the first position provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the first connecting rod during movement provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the first connecting rod in the second position provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 7 Force diagram of the first connecting rod in the first position provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Wherein:

[0029] The first power device 1,

[0030] The first connecting rod 2,

[0031] The second connecting rod 3,

[0032] The hood device 4, the hood 41, the fifth connecting rod 42, the second slider 43, the third connecting rod 44, the first slider 45, the fourth connecting rod 46,

[0033] The optical rod 5,

[0034] The second stop 6,

[0035] The first stop 7,

[0036] The adapter plate 8,

[0037] The second power device 9, the power component 91, the lead screw 92, the third slider 93,

[0038] The third stopper 10,

[0039] the fourth stopper 11. Detailed implementation manners

[0040] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Apparently, the described embodiments are only a part rather than all of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0041] To enable those skilled in the art of the present technology to better understand the solution of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0042] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 which is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 .

[0043] In the first specific implementation manner, the opening and closing mechanism provided by the implementation solution of the present application mainly includes a first power device 1. The output end of the first power device 1 is in transmission connection with a first connecting rod 2. The first connecting rod 2 is hinged to a second connecting rod 3. The second connecting rod 3 is connected to a hood device 4. The first connecting rod 2 can rotate to a first position and a second position parallel to the second connecting rod 3. By driving the first connecting rod 2 to rotate from the first position to the second position by the first power device 1, the hood device 4 is driven to flip by the second connecting rod 3.

[0044] The opening and closing mechanism provided by the present application replaces the traditional locking cylinder solution through a clever mechanical structure design, thereby significantly improving the stability and space utilization efficiency of the opening and closing mechanism. Specifically, the core of the opening and closing mechanism lies in the transmission and connection relationship among the first power device 1, the first connecting rod 2, the second connecting rod 3, and the hood device 4. The output end of the first power device 1 is in transmission connection with the first connecting rod 2. The first connecting rod 2 is hinged to the second connecting rod 3, and the second connecting rod 3 is further connected to the hood device 4. This connection method enables the power to be transmitted through the connecting rod system and drive the movement of the hood device 4.

[0045] The first connecting rod 2 can rotate to two positions parallel to the second connecting rod 3: the first position and the second position. Both positions are mechanical dead points. When the first connecting rod 2 is in the first position, the hood device 4 is in an unflipped state, which is equivalent to the opening and closing mechanism being in a closed state; and when the first connecting rod 2 rotates to the second position, the hood device 4 completes the flip, which is equivalent to the opening and closing mechanism being in an open state. The key to this design is that, whether in the open or closed state, since the directions of the first connecting rod 2 and the second connecting rod 3 are parallel, only the force perpendicular to the first connecting rod 2 can unlock the first connecting rod 2 and the second connecting rod 3. However, the external force on the hood device 4 is parallel to the direction of the first connecting rod 2. Therefore, during normal operation, the hood device 4 cannot generate the vertical force required for unlocking, thereby realizing the self-locking function.

[0046] The implementation of this self-locking mechanism directly replaces the function of the traditional locking cylinder. In the traditional solution, the locking cylinder requires a complex air circuit system to achieve the locking and unlocking of the hood, which not only increases the complexity of the system, but also puts high requirements on the spatial layout of the pipeline. However, the present application eliminates the air circuit control and saves the space occupied by the pipeline through the design of the mechanical dead point structure. At the same time, due to the stability of the mechanical dead point structure, the locking stability of the opening and closing mechanism in the open or closed state is significantly improved, which effectively solves the problems of complex system, limited spatial layout and insufficient reliability caused by reliance on the locking cylinder in the prior art.

[0047] Combined with the above structure and process description, it can be seen that the opening and closing mechanism has at least the following beneficial effects: the opening and closing mechanism uses a mechanical dead point structure to replace the locking cylinder, eliminates the air circuit control, saves pipeline space, and at the same time improves the locking stability of the opening and closing mechanism in the open or closed state.

[0048] As an option, the first power device 1 includes a power component, such as a motor. The output end of the first power device 1 can be connected to the first connecting rod 2 through a gear, so that the first connecting rod 2 rotates around a fixed rotation axis, and then drives the head cover device 4 to move through the second connecting rod 3. When the head cover device 4 flips over under the drive of the second connecting rod 3, it is equivalent to that the opening and closing mechanism is opened.

[0049] Please refer to Figures 2 to 7 ,in, Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the opening and closing mechanism provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 , Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the opening and closing mechanism provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 3 , Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a first connecting rod in a first position provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the first connecting rod in the motion process provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 6Schematic diagram of the first connecting rod provided by the embodiment of the present application in the second position. Figure 7 Force diagram of the first connecting rod provided by the embodiment of the present application in the first position.

[0050] In some embodiments, the opening and closing mechanism further includes a polished rod 5. The hood device 4 is slidably disposed on the polished rod 5, and the hood device 4 can retract along the polished rod 5.

[0051] In this embodiment, the opening and closing mechanism further optimizes the movement mode of the hood device 4. By introducing the polished rod 5, it provides stable guidance and support for the retraction movement of the hood device 4. The polished rod 5 serves as a sliding guide rail, enabling the hood device 4 to slide linearly along it during the opening and closing process, thereby realizing the retraction movement. This design not only enriches the movement mode of the hood device 4 but also makes it possible for the opening and closing mechanism to perform diverse operations.

[0052] The hood device 4 can achieve a flipping movement driven by the second connecting rod 3, which is one of the core functions of the opening and closing mechanism. On this basis, the hood device 4 can also retract along the polished rod 5. This combined movement mode of retraction and flipping forms a combined effect. During the opening process of the opening and closing mechanism, the hood device 4 first retracts along the polished rod 5 to create space for the subsequent flipping movement, and then completes the flipping under the action of the second connecting rod 3. This combined movement of retraction plus flipping enables the opening and closing mechanism to more flexibly adapt to different space requirements in the open state, enhancing the functionality and adaptability of the opening and closing mechanism.

[0053] Through the coordinated action of the polished rod 5 and the second connecting rod 3, the movement trajectory of the hood device 4 is precisely controlled. This design not only improves the operating efficiency of the opening and closing mechanism but also enhances its stability under complex working conditions. The addition of the polished rod 5 provides reliable support for the retraction movement of the hood device 4, ensuring the smoothness and precision of the movement process. At the same time, this combined movement mode also provides a technical basis for the flexible use of the opening and closing mechanism in different application scenarios, further strengthening the open state of the opening and closing mechanism, enabling it to better meet the diverse requirements of the head opening and closing mechanism of rail vehicles during operation.

[0054] In some embodiments, the hood device 4 includes a hood 41. The hood 41 is disposed on a fifth connecting rod 42. The fifth connecting rod 42 is hinged to a second slider 43. The second slider 43 is slidably disposed on the polished rod 5. The hood device 4 further includes a third connecting rod 44. The third connecting rod 44 is hinged to the second connecting rod 3. The third connecting rod 44 is fixedly connected to a first slider 45. The first slider 45 is slidably disposed on the polished rod 5. The third connecting rod 44 is also hinged to a fourth connecting rod 46. The fourth connecting rod 46 is hinged to the fifth connecting rod 42.

[0055] In this embodiment, the structural design of the hood device 4 further clarifies the implementation mechanism of its retraction and flipping actions. Through the coordinated action of multiple linkages and sliders, complex motion control is achieved.

[0056] The core components of the hood device 4 include a hood 41, a fifth linkage 42, a second slider 43, a third linkage 44, a first slider 45, and a fourth linkage 46. The hood 41 is mounted on the fifth linkage 42. The fifth linkage 42 is connected to the second slider 43 by a hinge, and the second slider 43 is slidably disposed on the optical rod 5. This structure enables the hood 41 to achieve the retraction action by the sliding of the second slider 43 along the optical rod 5. During the retraction process, the power is transmitted from the second linkage 3 to the third linkage 44, then through the fourth linkage 46 to the fifth linkage 42, and finally drives the second slider 43 to slide along the optical rod 5, thereby driving the hood 41 to achieve retraction.

[0057] For the flipping action of the hood 41, if the second slider 43 is fixed on the optical rod 5 and does not move, at this time, the power of the second linkage 3 is transmitted to the fifth linkage 42 through the third linkage 44 and the fourth linkage 46. Since the second slider 43 is fixed and does not move, the fifth linkage 42 will rotate around the hinge point of the second slider 43, thereby driving the hood 41 to achieve flipping. This design cleverly utilizes the power transmission and motion conversion characteristics of the linkage mechanism, and realizes the switching between the two motion modes of retraction and flipping through different slider fixed states.

[0058] Through this structural design, the hood device 4 can not only achieve a single retraction or flipping action, but also achieve a more complex motion trajectory by combining these two actions. This design provides a technical basis for the flexible application of the opening and closing mechanism under different working conditions, and also improves the reliability and stability of the system.

[0059] Optionally, the fifth linkage 42 is bolted to the hood 41.

[0060] In some embodiments, the opening and closing mechanism further includes a second stopper 6, and the second stopper 6 is used to limit the movement of the second slider 43; before the second slider 43 contacts the second stopper 6, the hood 41 retracts along the optical rod 5 driven by the second linkage 3, and after the second slider 43 contacts the second stopper 6, the hood 41 flips around the hinge point of the fifth linkage 42 and the second slider 43 driven by the second linkage 3.

[0061] In this embodiment, the opening and closing mechanism further introduces the second stopper 6. The setting of this component provides a key control mechanism for the motion mode switching of the hood device 4, ensuring the orderly connection of the retraction and flipping actions.

[0062] The main function of the second stop 6 is to limit the movement of the second slider 43. During the movement of the hood 41, the second stop 6 plays a key role in the transition from flat retraction to flipping. Specifically, before the second slider 43 contacts the second stop 6, the hood 41 performs a flat retraction movement along the optical rod 5 driven by the second link 3. In this stage, the power is transmitted to the second slider 43 through the link system, causing it to slide along the optical rod 5, thereby driving the hood 41 to achieve flat retraction. At this time, the second stop 6 has not yet come into play, and the movement of the hood 41 mainly depends on the power transmission of the link mechanism and the guiding function of the optical rod 5.

[0063] When the second slider 43 contacts the second stop 6, the movement mode switches. The restrictive effect of the second stop 6 causes the second slider 43 to stop sliding along the optical rod 5. At this time, the power continues to be transmitted through the second link 3, but due to the second slider 43 being fixed, the direction and point of action of the power transmission change. The hood 41 is driven by the second link 3 and rotates around the hinge point between the fifth link 42 and the second slider 43. In this stage, the movement of the hood 41 changes from flat retraction to flipping, and the presence of the second stop 6 ensures the stability and reliability of this switching process.

[0064] By setting the second stop 6, the opening and closing mechanism can precisely control the movement trajectory of the hood 41 and achieve an orderly connection between flat retraction and flipping. This design not only improves the movement control accuracy of the opening and closing mechanism but also enhances the stability and reliability of the system. The function of the second stop 6 is not limited to restricting the movement of the slider; more importantly, through its restrictive effect, it realizes the switching of the movement mode, ensuring that the movement of the hood 41 can smoothly transition in different stages, thereby meeting the diverse requirements of the opening and closing mechanism under complex working conditions.

[0065] It should be noted that before the second slider 43 contacts the second stop 6, the flipping effect of the second link 3 on the hood 41 is offset by the gravity of the hood 41; until after the second slider 43 contacts the second stop 6, the flipping effect of the second link 3 on the hood 41 increases, overcoming the gravity of the hood 41, and then the hood 41 is driven by the second link 3 to flip.

[0066] In some embodiments, the opening and closing mechanism further includes a first stop 7, which is used to limit the movement of the first slider 45; before the first slider 45 contacts the first stop 7, the hood 41 retracts and flips under the drive of the second link 3, and after the first slider 45 contacts the first stop 7, the hood 41 flips to the limit position.

[0067] In this embodiment, the opening and closing mechanism further introduces the first stop 7, and the setting of this component provides precise control over the movement range and final position of the hood device 4, ensuring the stability and reliability of the hood 41 during movement.

[0068] The main function of the first stop 7 is to limit the movement of the first slider 45. During the movement of the hood 41, the first stop 7 plays a crucial role, especially during the flipping process of the hood 41. Specifically, before the first slider 45 contacts the first stop 7, the hood 41 can perform both retraction and flipping movements under the drive of the second connecting rod 3. At this stage, power is transmitted to the first slider 45 through the connecting rod system, causing it to slide along the optical rod 5 and simultaneously driving the second slider 43 to move, while the hood 41 performs retraction and flipping. At this time, the first stop 7 has not yet come into play, and the movement of the hood 41 mainly depends on the power transmission of the connecting rod mechanism and the guiding function of the optical rod 5.

[0069] When the first slider 45 contacts the first stop 7, the movement range is restricted. The restricting effect of the first stop 7 causes the first slider 45 to stop sliding along the optical rod 5, and at the same time, the flipping movement of the hood 41 reaches the limit position. At this stage, the flipping angle of the hood 41 is precisely controlled to ensure that it can stably stay at the designed limit position. The presence of the first stop 7 not only restricts the movement of the slider but also ensures the accuracy and stability of the hood 41 during the flipping process.

[0070] By setting the first stop 7, the opening and closing mechanism can precisely control the movement range and final position of the hood 41. This design not only improves the movement control accuracy of the opening and closing mechanism but also enhances the stability and reliability of the system. The role of the first stop 7 is to ensure the accuracy and stability of the hood 41 during the movement process through its restricting effect, thereby meeting the diverse requirements of the opening and closing mechanism under complex working conditions.

[0071] Please continue to refer to Figures 4 to 7 In some embodiments, the length of the first connecting rod 2 is L1, the length of the second connecting rod 3 is L2, the retraction distance of the second slider 43 is L3, the length of the optical rod 5 is L4, and L1 + L2 - (L1 - L2) = L4.

[0072] In some embodiments, the length of the first connecting rod 2 is L1, the length of the second connecting rod 3 is L2, the retraction distance of the second slider 43 is L3, the length of the optical rod 5 is L4, and L1 + L2 - (L1 - L2) = L4.

[0073] In this embodiment, the structural design of the opening and closing mechanism ensures the stability and reliability of the hood 41 during the movement process through precise dimensional relationships and mechanical principles, and at the same time realizes the self-locking function of the mechanical dead point structure.

[0074] In the opening and closing mechanism, the length of the first connecting rod 2 is L1, the length of the second connecting rod 3 is L2, the retracting distance of the second slider 43 is L3, and the length of the optical rod 5 is L4. There is a specific mathematical relationship among these dimensions, that is, L1 + L2 - (L1 - L2) = L4. This relationship ensures the coordination and stability of the connecting rod system during movement.

[0075] During the movement of the cowl 41, the first connecting rod 2 and the second connecting rod 3 always remain on a straight line and are horizontally installed, parallel to the running direction of the train. When the first connecting rod 2 is in the first position (corresponding to Figure 4 ), the cowl 41 is in the state of not being retracted and flipped; while when the first connecting rod 2 rotates to the second position (corresponding to Figure 6 ), the cowl 41 completes the flipping action. This design makes the first connecting rod 2 and the second connecting rod 3 form an angle of 180° in both positions, thus forming a stable mechanical dead point structure.

[0076] During the operation of the vehicle, the resultant external force acting on the cowl 41 is F1, the force driving the second connecting rod 3 to rotate is F2, and the force driving the first connecting rod 2 to rotate is F3. Since the angle between the first connecting rod 2 and the second connecting rod 3 is 180° both before the retraction of the cowl 41 and when the retraction and flipping are completed, F1 is always perpendicular to F2 and F3. This means that the component force of F1 in the direction of F2 and the component force in the direction of F3 are both zero, and no torque that causes the first connecting rod 2 and the second connecting rod 3 to rotate will be generated. Therefore, the first connecting rod 2 and the second connecting rod 3 will not rotate under the action of the external force F1, thus forming a stable 180° mechanical dead point structure.

[0077] This design not only ensures the stability of the cowl 41 during movement, but also realizes the self-locking function through the mechanical dead point structure, improving the reliability and safety of the opening and closing mechanism during operation. Through precise dimension design and the application of mechanical principles, the opening and closing mechanism can operate stably under complex working conditions, while reducing the dependence on external locking devices and simplifying the system structure.

[0078] In some embodiments, the opening and closing mechanism further includes an adapter plate 8, and the adapter plate 8 is provided with a first power device 1; the opening and closing mechanism further includes a second power device 9, and the second power device 9 is used to drive the adapter plate 8 to retract.

[0079] In this embodiment, by introducing the adapter plate 8 and the second power device 9, the opening and closing mechanism further expands the movement function of the cowl device 4 and realizes a more complex movement combination.

[0080] The adapter plate 8, as an important part of the opening and closing mechanism, is provided with a first power device 1 and a smooth rod 5 thereon. This design makes the adapter plate 8 not only the installation base of the hood device 4, but also provides a stable support and power transmission platform for the retraction and flipping actions of the hood device 4. All movements of the hood device 4, including retraction and flipping, are carried out on the adapter plate 8, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the movements.

[0081] On this basis, the opening and closing mechanism further introduces a second power device 9, whose main function is to drive the adapter plate 8 to perform a retraction action. This design realizes the second action of the opening and closing mechanism: on the basis that the hood device 4 has completed the retraction and flipping actions, the second power device 9 drives the adapter plate 8 and the hood device 4 thereon to retract as a whole through the power it outputs. This overall retraction action further enriches the movement mode of the opening and closing mechanism, enabling it to adapt to more complex working conditions and space requirements.

[0082] Through this design, the opening and closing mechanism can not only realize the retraction and flipping actions of the hood device 4, but also achieve more complex movement combinations through the overall retraction of the adapter plate 8. The realization of this combined action enables the opening and closing mechanism to more flexibly adapt to different space limitations and movement requirements during the opening or closing process, improving the adaptability and reliability of the system. At the same time, the introduction of the adapter plate 8 and the second power device 9 also provides the possibility for further function expansion of the opening and closing mechanism, laying a foundation for future technological upgrades and optimizations.

[0083] In some cases, the first connecting rod 2 and the second connecting rod 3 are horizontally installed, and there is an inclined angle between the direction in which the second power device 9 drives the adapter plate 8 to retract and the horizontal direction, causing the hood 41 to exhibit an upward inclined retraction.

[0084] In some embodiments, the second power device 9 includes a power component 91, the output end of the power component 91 is in transmission connection with a lead screw 92, a third slider 93 is provided on the lead screw 92, and the third slider 93 is connected to the adapter plate 8.

[0085] In this embodiment, the specific structure of the second power device 9 is further clarified. Its core component, the power component 91, realizes the effective transmission of power through the transmission connection with the lead screw 92, and then drives the adapter plate 8 through the third slider 93 to achieve the predetermined movement function.

[0086] The power component 91 serves as the power source of the second power device 9, and its output end is transmission-connected with the screw rod 92. Optionally, the power component 91 is connected to the screw rod 92 through a coupling. This transmission connection mode ensures that the power can be efficiently and stably transmitted to the screw rod 92. The screw rod 92, as a common transmission element, can be converted between rotational motion and linear motion. In this embodiment, the rotational motion of the screw rod 92 is converted into the linear motion of the third slider 93 along the axial direction of the screw rod 92 through its cooperation with the third slider 93. The third slider 93 is connected to the adapter plate 8, so when the third slider 93 moves along the screw rod 92, it can drive the adapter plate 8 to achieve corresponding movement.

[0087] This structural design enables the second power device 9 to accurately control the movement of the adapter plate 8. When the power component 91 is working, the power outputted by it is transmitted to the third slider 93 through the screw rod 92, thereby driving the adapter plate 8 to achieve a predetermined retreat or other movement. This transmission method can not only ensure the accuracy and stability of the movement, but also can realize flexible control of the movement of the adapter plate 8 by adjusting the output characteristics (such as speed, torque, etc.) of the power component 91.

[0088] By introducing the combination of the power component 91, the screw 92 and the third slider 93, the second power device 9 not only provides a reliable driving force for the adapter plate 8, but also realizes precise control of the movement through the characteristics of the screw transmission. This design further optimizes the overall performance of the opening and closing mechanism, enabling it to better meet the diverse needs of the rail vehicle for the head opening and closing mechanism during operation, and also provides a solid foundation for further functional expansion and technical upgrading of the opening and closing mechanism.

[0089] In some cases, the second stopper 6 is installed on the adapter plate 8 and is located on the movement path of the second slider 43 . It should be noted that the second stopper 6 can limit the movement of the second slider 43 , but the second stopper 6 should not limit the movement of the first slider 45 .

[0090] The first stopper 7 is mounted on the adapter plate 8 and is located at the end of the polished rod 5 .

[0091] A third stopper 10 may also be provided on the first power device 1, and a fourth stopper 11 may also be provided on the third connecting rod 44. The functions of the third stopper 10 and the fourth stopper 11 are not limited here. These stopper components are used to limit the range of motion of related components, provide a positioning function, or play a protective role in specific circumstances.

[0092] Taking the third stop 10 as an example, it may be used to limit the movement range of the output end of the first power device 1, preventing mechanical damage or functional failure caused by excessive movement. This design can ensure that the first power device 1 operates within a safe movement range, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the system. In addition, the third stop 10 can also be used to provide a positioning function under specific working conditions, ensuring that the first power device 1 can accurately stop at a predetermined position.

[0093] Similarly, the fourth stop 11 is installed on the third connecting rod 44 and may be used to limit the movement range of the third connecting rod 44. In a complex connecting rod transmission system, excessive movement may cause interference or damage between the connecting rods. By setting the fourth stop 11, this situation can be effectively avoided, ensuring the normal operation of the connecting rod system. In addition, the fourth stop 11 can also play a protective role in some cases. For example, when the system is subjected to an accidental impact or failure, it can prevent the connecting rod system from undergoing excessive deformation or damage.

[0094] In a specific implementation manner, the hood device 4 realizes three actions: flat retraction, flipping, and inclined retraction. The specific action process is as follows.

[0095] Flat retraction: The first power device 1 acts first, driving the first connecting rod 2 and the second connecting rod 3 to rotate. The second connecting rod 3 drives the third connecting rod 44 to act. Since the first slider 45 is restricted by the optical rod 5 and can only move linearly along the optical rod 5, the third connecting rod 44 and the first slider 45 are fixedly connected and move linearly together. The third connecting rod 44 drives the fourth connecting rod 46 to drive the fifth connecting rod 42 to act, and the second slider 43 moves linearly on the optical rod 5. Before the second slider 43 contacts the second stop 6, the hood 41, the fifth connecting rod 42, the fourth connecting rod 46, and the second slider 43 only perform linear flat retraction movement, and this action process completes the flat retraction movement of the hood 41.

[0096] Flipping: When the second slider 43 moves to contact the second stop 6, the second slider 43 stops moving, and the first power device 1 continues to drive the first connecting rod 2, the second connecting rod 3, and the third connecting rod 44 to act, and the action form does not change. Since the second slider 43 does not move, the fourth connecting rod 46 and the fifth connecting rod 42 are driven by the third connecting rod 44 to rotate, thereby driving the hood 41 to complete the flipping action. When the first slider 45 moves to contact the first stop 7, the flipping action stops, and the first power device 1 stops working.

[0097] Inclined retraction: The second power device 9 outputs torque and drives the third slider 93 to move linearly along the lead screw 92 through the lead screw 92. The third slider 93 drives the entire hood device 4 to achieve inclined retraction through the adapter plate 8, thereby driving the hood 41 to complete the inclined retraction action.

[0098] This application also provides a vehicle head including the above-mentioned opening and closing mechanism.

[0099] Through the design of this opening and closing mechanism, during the operation of the locomotive head, the whole is only subjected to the acting force in the horizontal direction, thus forming a stable 180-degree mechanical dead point self-locking structure.

[0100] In the opening and closing mechanism of the locomotive head, the first connecting rod 2 and the second connecting rod 3 always remain on the same straight line and are parallel to the running direction of the train during the movement. This design enables the hood device 4 to transmit the acting force only in the horizontal direction during the movement. When the hood device 4 is in the closed state, the first connecting rod 2 and the second connecting rod 3 form an angle of 180 degrees. At this time, the resultant external force F1 acting on the hood 41 is perpendicular to the forces F2 and F3 that drive the connecting rod to rotate. Therefore, the component forces of F1 in the directions of F2 and F3 are zero, and no torque that causes the connecting rod to rotate will be generated. This design of the directionality and angle of the force ensures that the hood device 4 can be stably maintained in the closed state, forming a 180-degree mechanical dead point self-locking.

[0101] Similarly, when the hood device 4 is in the open state, the first connecting rod 2 and the second connecting rod 3 still maintain an angle of 180 degrees, ensuring that the hood 41 can also be stable through the mechanical dead point structure in the open state. This design not only improves the reliability of the opening and closing mechanism of the locomotive head, but also simplifies the locking and unlocking mechanisms, reducing the dependence on complex pneumatic or electric systems.

[0102] Through this unique mechanical structure design, the opening and closing mechanism of the locomotive head can remain stable during the operation of the train, ensuring the safe operation of the train, while improving the reliability and maintenance convenience of the system.

[0103] This application also provides a rail vehicle, including the above-mentioned locomotive head.

[0104] This rail vehicle should have all the beneficial technical effects of the above-mentioned locomotive head, which will not be elaborated here one by one.

[0105] It should be noted that many components mentioned in this application are all general standard components or components known to those skilled in the art. Their structures and principles can be known by those skilled in the art through technical manuals or by conventional experimental methods.

[0106] It should be noted that in this specification, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity from several other entities, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities.

[0107] The above has introduced in detail the opening and closing mechanism, the locomotive head, and the rail vehicle provided by the present application. Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present application, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. An opening and closing mechanism, characterized in that: It includes a first power device, the output end of which is transmission-connected to a first connecting rod, the first connecting rod is hinged to a second connecting rod, the second connecting rod is connected to a head cover device, the first connecting rod can rotate to a first position and a second position parallel to the second connecting rod, the first power device drives the first connecting rod to rotate from the first position to the second position, and the second connecting rod drives the head cover device to flip.

2. The opening and closing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a polished rod, the head cover device is slidably arranged on the polished rod, and the head cover device can be retreated along the polished rod.

3. The opening and closing mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The head cover device includes a head cover, which is arranged on a fifth connecting rod, the fifth connecting rod is hinged to a second slider, and the second slider is slidably arranged on the light rod; the head cover device also includes a third connecting rod, the third connecting rod is hinged to the second connecting rod, the third connecting rod is fixedly connected to the first slider, the first slider is slidably arranged on the light rod, the third connecting rod is also hinged to a fourth connecting rod, and the fourth connecting rod is hinged to the fifth connecting rod.

4. The opening and closing mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a second stopper, which is used to limit the movement of the second slider; before the second slider contacts the second stopper, the head cover is driven by the second connecting rod to retreat along the light rod, and after the second slider contacts the second stopper, the head cover is driven by the second connecting rod to flip over at the hinge point between the fifth connecting rod and the second slider.

5. The opening and closing mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a first stopper, which is used to limit the movement of the first slider; before the first slider contacts the first stopper, the head cover is driven by the second connecting rod to retreat and flip, and after the first slider contacts the first stopper, the head cover flips to the extreme position.

6. The opening and closing mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The length of the first connecting rod is L1, the length of the second connecting rod is L2, the distance of the second sliding block to be retracted is L3, the length of the polished rod is L4, and L1+L2-(L1-L2)=L4.

7. The opening and closing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an adapter plate, which is provided with the first power device; the opening and closing mechanism also includes a second power device, which is used to drive the adapter plate to retract.

8. The opening and closing mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second power device comprises a power component, the output end of which is transmission-connected to a screw rod, a third slider is arranged on the screw rod, and the third slider is connected to the adapter plate.

9. A vehicle head, characterized in that: Comprising the opening and closing mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A rail vehicle, characterized in that: Comprising the vehicle head as claimed in claim 9.

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