Deep stratum liquid-filled well chamber controllable form mining system and mining method

Abstract

This invention relates to a controllable morphology mining system and method for deep formation fluid-filled wells. The system includes: an extended working device, an ore particle hoisting system, and at least one process well. The extended working device includes an extended mining device and / or an extended collection device. The extended working device can move along the process well and can be transported to the working position via the process well. The extended mining device is used to excavate the chamber along the process well; or, the extended collection device is used to collect or extract ore particles from the chamber along the process well. This invention has broad prospects in the fields of deep formation mining, intra-layer mining of marine overburden strata, and utilization of deep formation space resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological tunneling technology, and in particular to a controllable morphology mining system and method for deep geological formation fluid-filled wells. Background Technology

[0002] Since the beginning of the 21st century, society has developed rapidly, and the pursuit of science and technology and the economy has been increasing. Various tools and equipment needed for production and daily life consume large amounts of mineral resources. While cutting-edge technologies such as deep space and deep-sea exploration, basic scientific research, fusion devices, supercomputing, and high-speed transportation have achieved remarkable success, the demand for precious metals and other rare elements has become increasingly urgent. The abundant and valuable mineral resources hidden deep within the Earth's crust are precisely the important guarantee for future human survival and development, and a crucial support for humanity's technological dreams. Therefore, the mining industry must keep pace with the times and advance into deeper areas. However, developing mineral resources deep within the Earth will face more complex, more demanding, and more unpredictable engineering and geological environments. With increasing mining depth, traditional mining techniques result in exponentially increasing major accidents and development costs, making large-scale deep mineral development an "impossible" challenge. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new technological system capable of effectively developing mineral resources within deep strata and subsurface marine strata. This system will not only become an important tool for promoting technological dreams and ensuring production and daily life, but also a crucial means of exploring the depths of the Earth.

[0003] In existing technologies, the vertical shaft method is used to develop underground solid mineral deposits. This involves transporting mining equipment down through vertical shafts, inclined shafts, and horizontal tunnels, mining underground, and then transporting the ore out using trucks or wheelbarrows. However, as the mining depth increases, more and more strata become unminable due to problems such as rock bursts, outbursts, roof falls, collapses, and water infiltration. Vertical shaft mining creates huge underground spaces, requiring complex support equipment to support the chambers. However, collapses can still occur when mining deep or non-hard strata, leading to mining operations being interrupted.

[0004] For a long time, extracting minerals from deep underground strata has been a key focus of human industry. Current technologies include surface coal mining through underground gasification and the use of high-pressure water jets to promote the liquidification of hydrated materials and transport them to the surface via wells. However, these methods cannot directly develop deep solid mineral deposits. Furthermore, when mining minerals in strata beneath water bodies, current technologies primarily employ coastal development methods, drilling vertical shafts on the shore and then excavating tunnels into the strata below the water. Essentially, this method also utilizes shaft tunneling for ore extraction and transportation, but it cannot extend far into the ocean. Therefore, the industry urgently needs to develop a technology for mining deep minerals and minerals in strata beneath the ocean.

[0005] Therefore, based on years of experience and practice in related industries, the inventor proposes a controllable morphology mining system and mining method for deep formation fluid-filled wells to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a controllable morphological mining system and method for deep formation fluid-filled wells. Through the coordinated operation of a multi-degree-of-freedom controllable extended mining device and an ore particle lifting system, the system achieves efficient ore crushing and shaft transportation within the well, thereby achieving the goals of efficient development of solid mineral resources in deep formations, efficient development of solid mineral resources in marine overburden strata, and effective utilization of deep and nearshore underground space resources.

[0007] This invention can be implemented using the following technical solutions:

[0008] This invention provides a controllable morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells, comprising: an extended operation device, an ore particle hoisting system, and at least one process well; the extended operation device includes an extended mining device and / or an extended acquisition device;

[0009] The extended working device can move along the process well, and the extended working device can be transported to the working position via the process well;

[0010] The extended mining device is used to excavate the chamber along the process shaft; or, the extended collection device is used to collect or extract ore particles from the chamber along the process shaft.

[0011] The ore particle lifting system is partially installed in the process well, and the ore particles generated by the extended operation device can be transported to the wellhead through the ore particle lifting system; the ore particle lifting system includes a return channel through which ore particles are transported outward; one or more of the process wells are ore particle lifting process wells, and the return channel is installed inside the ore particle lifting process well.

[0012] At least one of the process wells is an equipment access well;

[0013] The extended mining device includes a crushing assembly and an extension mechanism; the extension mechanism is used to drive the crushing assembly to extend, so as to realize the retracted state and the extended mining device; the crushing assembly includes a power assembly and a crushing mechanism connected to the power assembly;

[0014] When the extended mining device is in the retracted state, it can be transported through the equipment channel well.

[0015] This invention provides a controllable morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells, comprising: an extended operation device, an ore particle hoisting system, and at least one process well; the extended operation device includes an extended mining device and / or an extended acquisition device;

[0016] The extended working device can move along the process well, and the extended working device can be transported to the working position via the process well;

[0017] The extended mining device is used to excavate the chamber along the process shaft; or, the extended collection device is used to collect or extract ore particles from the chamber along the process shaft.

[0018] The ore particle lifting system is partially installed in the process well, and the ore particles generated by the extended operation device can be transported to the wellhead through the ore particle lifting system; the ore particle lifting system includes a return channel through which ore particles are transported outward; one or more of the process wells are ore particle lifting process wells, and the return channel is installed inside the ore particle lifting process well.

[0019] This invention provides a method for controlled-morphology mining of deep formation fluid-filled wells, which is implemented using the aforementioned controlled-morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells. The mining method includes the following steps:

[0020] Step S10: Drill the process well;

[0021] Step S20: The extended working device is set at the working position of the process well, and the ore particle hoisting system is at least partially set in the process well and connected to the extended mining device;

[0022] Step S30: The extended operation device starts operation, and the ore particles are transported to the wellhead through the ore particle lifting system.

[0023] This invention provides a method for controlled-morphology mining of deep formation fluid-filled wells, which is implemented using the aforementioned controlled-morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells. The mining method includes the following steps:

[0024] Step S10: Drill the process well;

[0025] Step S20: Set an extended working device at the working position of the process well for initial crushing;

[0026] Step S30: Set another extended operation device at the operation position of the process well for re-crushing, and set at least part of the ore particle lifting system in the process well and connect it to the extended mining device;

[0027] Step S40: The extended operation device starts operation, and the ore particles are transported to the wellhead through the ore particle lifting system.

[0028] As described above, the features and advantages of the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system and mining method of the present invention are:

[0029] I. This invention enables safe and efficient three-dimensional controllable mining using fluid-filled wells. During the mining process, a dual-degree-of-freedom or multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm facilitates shape-controlled excavation. Along the wellbore, the wells are segmented and then grouped to form a network of fluid-filled wells with structural stability in deep formations. The controllable three-dimensional mining device achieved through this invention allows for precise sculpting within deep strata, eliminating the need for workers to enter the wells. Simultaneously, it cleverly utilizes the propping fluid within the network of access wells to provide hydraulic support to the well walls, reducing damage to the formation during mining and mitigating issues such as rock bursts, outbursts, roof falls, collapses, and water seepage. This enables large-scale mining of deep mineral deposits and those beneath ocean strata. Addressing the scattered distribution of metal deposits, this technology allows for a "snake-like" approach, systematically mining one well after another, achieving tunnel-free development.

[0030] 2. When using a lateral extension section to achieve three-dimensional controllable extended mining, the access shaft includes a channel shaft and several branch shafts with controllable trajectories connected to the channel shaft. The lateral extension section and the extended mining mechanism are guided by the wellbore trajectory of the branch shafts. Moreover, the diameter of the branch shafts is relatively small. When the lateral extension section extends into the branch shaft to carry out borehole enlargement and crushing operations, it makes full use of the guiding role of the branch shafts and can accurately crush in real time at a preset spatial position, guiding the extended mining device to accurately mine the ore in the deep strata. Furthermore, based on a network of branch wells, mining is carried out by expanding the space of the branch wells, which avoids the formation of concentrated goaf areas and prevents the concentrated goaf areas found in vertical shaft mining. Therefore, branch wells are used as a means to extend the mining range. The expansion arms are used to controllably expand the capacity of the branch wells. The mining process causes less damage to the rock strata and can maximize contact with the ore body to extract the ore as much as possible. The capacity can also be expanded to form tunnels or chambers as needed to improve the ore recovery effect. In addition, the method of gradually expanding the branch wells in this invention facilitates the monitoring of strata collapse. Since the damage to the strata is small, it can also achieve a larger three-dimensional extension.

[0031] Third, by employing three-dimensional extended mining methods or branch shaft guidance, preliminary ore stripping is achieved using a rock-splitting device. The ore stripped from the strata is then processed by a re-crushing device to achieve a controllable particle size before being hoisted using the shaft. This significantly reduces energy consumption in the mining of hard mineral deposits. By setting the turning radius and distribution density of the branch shafts, it is possible to accurately extend the mining area and improve mining efficiency while maintaining a relatively controllable post-mining tunnel diameter (0.5-5 meters).

[0032] IV. The equipment passage connects the wellhead to the mining location in the strata. The detection equipment enters the mining location through the passage well, which can assist in observing the mining operation information in the chamber and assist the workers outside the well to carry out mining work. The extended mining device includes a crushing device for excavating ore and a traveling module that drives the crushing device. The drive component drives the equipment body and the extended arm of the crushing device to move in two degrees of freedom. That is, the mining face can be formed by moving in two free directions. It can expand the mining working face with an area much larger than the cross-section of the passage well, and can smoothly mine the entire wall of the chamber.

[0033] The drive component can also control the overall retraction or deployment of the extended mining device, switching between different mining operations through the channel shaft. It can smoothly reach the mining location through the small-diameter channel shaft, allowing mining operations to be carried out without personnel going down into the mine. It can adapt to the needs of mining deep bottom layers and subsurface strata, that is, it can go down into the sea and then back into the ground for mineral development. In addition, this invention can develop small mineral deposits without vertical shafts or tunnels, making small mineral deposits that would otherwise not be economically viable have development value. It not only significantly reduces costs, but is also less susceptible to the effects of vibration, blasting, or goaf.

[0034] Fifth, using a crushing power assembly and a drive crushing assembly to crush stone is more conducive to unifying the power source and realizing a fully electric deep-earth mining system. It avoids the need to run complex high-pressure fluid pipelines, hydraulic pipelines, pneumatic pipelines, etc. underground, and is conducive to realizing three-dimensional extended mining in the form of multi-branch channel wells. In addition, the high power transmission efficiency and small space occupation help to reduce the demand for shaft space, which is crucial for shaft mining technology.

[0035] VI. The invention utilizes a controllable, expandable mining arm to excavate chambers in a three-dimensional, controllable manner. This allows for control over the shape of the chambers formed during mining, enabling the creation of elliptical, horseshoe, or arched cross-sections based on geostress conditions, thus ensuring controllability of the post-mining spatial morphology and mining location. Furthermore, the high-pressure fluid within the well system ensures the natural stabilization of the chambers formed during mining. Further, the invention proposes a device and method for on-site filling, where an extended filling device moves along the process well to isolate and fill the mining and filling spaces. This invention employs a time-shifting chamber method, allowing for simultaneous mining and filling, ensuring only one moving chamber exists in real-time. This limits the maximum cross-sectional area and the length of the empty space, guaranteeing the stability of deep mining.

[0036] VII. This invention achieves mining through a group of chambers based on wellbores. Therefore, the wellbore is used for ore particle transport. Thus, the invention utilizes an in-situ secondary crushing device to achieve two-stage or even multi-stage crushing, effectively controlling the particle size and block size of the crushed ore, and further enabling its transport within the wellbore as a particle flow. The ore particle lifting system includes a return channel that transports underground ore to the outside of the wellhead under the drive of the ore particle lifting system. The return channel is located within the ore particle lifting process well because this invention employs a tunnelless development method; therefore, the chambers are formed based on the wellbore.

[0037] 8. If traditional reamers or reamer blades are used in existing technologies for mining operations, the cutting torque increases with the extension of the blades until it becomes too large to break the rock. Therefore, when using traditional reamers for mining operations, the reamer range is generally 5%-30% of the original wellbore. In industrial applications, it is only used to increase the surface area of ​​the oil-producing section or to facilitate cementing and sand control operations. If minerals are mined using reamers, it is far from meeting the threshold of industrial mining. Furthermore, using primitive reamers for mining can only form cylindrical chambers, which cannot achieve shape control and cannot achieve better stress distribution by adjusting the shape under strong ground stress conditions.

[0038] IX. This invention, based on fluid-filled wellbore mining, allows for mining operations both underwater and underground in marine development. This represents a fundamental difference and leap forward compared to existing technologies that directly damage the seabed to mine nodules and crusts. Furthermore, regardless of depth, this invention enables the mining of solid minerals within the subsurface strata through wellbores. During mining, a group of fluid-filled chambers with a controllable morphology is formed, exhibiting excellent structural stability and allowing operations to be conducted without damaging the seabed. Developing mineral resources within the subsurface strata using this invention requires only opening a window in the seabed. Water-proof pipes and well casings completely isolate the operation from the marine water, effectively protecting the marine environment during development. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The accompanying drawings are intended only to illustrate and explain the present invention and do not limit the scope of the invention.

[0040] in:

[0041] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention, using a one-injection-one-drainage method;

[0042] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention, using a double-walled pipe method;

[0043] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of the image;

[0044] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the controllable morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells provided by the present invention, using a single-string injection and production method in the same well.

[0045] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention, which adopts a dual-pipe injection and production method in the same wellbore;

[0046] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0047] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of an extended mining device in a deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0048] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the extended mining device in the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0049] Figure 9A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the extended mining device in the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0050] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the extended acquisition device in the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0051] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of an extended mining device using plug-in connection in the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0052] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of an extended mining device using plug-in connection in the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0053] Figure 13 One of the structural schematic diagrams of the deep formation fluid-filled wellhead controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0054] Figure 14 The second schematic diagram of the structure of the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0055] Figure 15 The third schematic diagram of the structure of the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0056] Figure 16 The fourth schematic diagram of the structure of the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0057] Figure 17 Fifth schematic diagram of the structure of the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0058] Figure 18 One of the structural schematic diagrams of the extended mining device in the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0059] Figure 19 The second schematic diagram of the extended mining device in the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0060] Figure 20 The third schematic diagram of the structure of the extended mining device in the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0061] Figure 21 The fourth schematic diagram of the extended mining device in the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0062] Figure 22A schematic diagram of the extended acquisition device structure in the controllable morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells provided by the present invention;

[0063] Figure 23 The sixth schematic diagram of the structure of the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0064] Figure 24 A schematic diagram showing the location of the re-crushing device in the controllable morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells provided by the present invention;

[0065] Figure 25 One of the schematic diagrams of the mining state in the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0066] Figure 26 The second schematic diagram of the mining state in the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0067] Figure 27 The third schematic diagram of the mining state in the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0068] Figure 28 The fourth schematic diagram of the mining state in the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0069] Figure 29 The fifth schematic diagram of the mining state in the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0070] Figure 30 This is the sixth schematic diagram of the mining state in the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0071] Figure 31 A schematic diagram showing the location of the extended mining device in the controllable morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells provided by the present invention;

[0072] Figure 32 A schematic diagram showing the installation location of the jet rock-splitting assembly in the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0073] Figure 33 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional extension mechanism in the controllable morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells provided by the present invention;

[0074] Figure 34 A schematic diagram showing the location of the lateral extension section in the controllable morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells provided by the present invention;

[0075] Figure 35 for Figure 33 A magnified view of the location of the intermediate crushing mechanism;

[0076] Figure 36 for Figure 33 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the location of the intermediate crushing mechanism;

[0077] Figure 37 One of the structural schematic diagrams of the extended filling device in the controllable morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells provided by the present invention;

[0078] Figure 38 The second schematic diagram of the structure of the extended filling device in the controllable morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells provided by the present invention;

[0079] Figure 39 A schematic diagram of a mechanical ore particle lifting system in a controllable morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells provided by the present invention;

[0080] Figure 40 One of the schematic diagrams of the configuration of the extended operation device in the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system provided by the present invention;

[0081] Figure 41 A second schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of an extended operation device in the controllable morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells provided by the present invention;

[0082] Figure 42 The third schematic diagram shows the configuration of the extended operation device in the controlled morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells provided by the present invention.

[0083] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of this invention are:

[0084] 100. Extended mining equipment; 1100 / 11. Crushing assembly; 1200. Power assembly; 12100. Base; 12200 / 122. Extended arm; 12400 / 124. Control mechanism; 1300. Flow channel; 1400. Booster pump; 1500. Connecting mechanism; 200. Traction device; 12300. Power cable; 2100. Power cable winding device; 700 / 90. Ore particle hoisting system; 7100. Return pipeline; 7200. Ore pump; 7300. Ore inlet; 7400 / 74. Re-crushing Crushing device; 7500, ore collector; 7600, low-density particle flow injection pump; 7700, low-density particle recovery device; 7800, low-density particle flow injection pipeline; 8000 / 16, process well; 8100, horizontal section; 8200, connecting section; 8300 / 14, return channel; 8400, low-density particle flow injection channel; 9000, extended collection device; 9100, collection assembly; 9200, chuck suction device; 9300, motor; 9400 / 94, collection arm; 9500 / 95, ore suction pipeline;

[0085] 11. Crushing assembly; 12. Branch shaft; 14. Return channel; 16. Process shaft; 16a. Main process shaft; 16b. Auxiliary process shaft; 17. U-shaped shaft; 21. Equipment body; 40. Support device; 41. Claw; 42. Telescopic control module; 43. Acoustic detection device; 60. In-situ secondary crushing device; 70. In-situ primary crushing device; 74. Re-crushing device; 80. Tubing string; 90. Ore particle lifting system; 91. Extended acquisition assembly; 92. Helical suction device; 93. First motor; 94. Acquisition arm; 95. Suction pipe; 96. Extended filling device; 961. Umbrella frame; 962. 963. Flexible fabric; 964. Outer skin of the bladder; 1107. Injection and drainage device; 1108. Sun gear; 1109. Planetary gear; 11000. Gear ring; 121. Chamber; 122. Extending arm; 124. Control mechanism; 125. Lateral extension section; 221. Controllable section; 2211. Joint control assembly; 226. Angle locking mechanism; 2261. Locking actuator; 2262. Locking groove; 228. Short section; 233. Extended mining assembly; 233a. Mining drive mechanism; 243. Jet rock splitting assembly; 234a. Second motor; 243c. Drive shaft; 340. Scraper; 341. Chain. Detailed Implementation

[0086] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0087] Option 1

[0088] This invention provides a controlled-morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells (i.e., a controlled-morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells), such as... Figures 1-6 As shown, it includes: an extended operation device, an ore particle hoisting system 700 and at least one process well 8000, the extended operation device including an extended mining device 100 and / or an extended collection device 9000;

[0089] The extended operation device can be transported to the starting position of the operation via the process well 8000, and the extended operation device can move along the process well 8000; as a better option, the operation is generally carried out step by step from the bottom of the well to the wellhead, that is, the extended operation device carries out mining operations step by step in the direction pointing to the wellhead through the method of mining.

[0090] The extended mining device 1 is used to excavate the chamber along the process shaft 8000; or, the extended collection device 9000 is used to collect or extract the ore in the chamber along the process shaft.

[0091] The ore particle hoisting system (i.e., the ore hoisting system) 700 is partially installed in the process shaft 8000. The ore produced by the extended operation device can be conveyed to the shaft opening through the ore particle hoisting system 700. The ore particle hoisting system 700 includes a return channel 8300 through which the ore is conveyed outward. One or more of the process shafts 8000 are ore hoisting process shafts, and the return channel 8300 is installed inside the ore hoisting process shaft.

[0092] Through the pre-set process shaft 8000, the extended working device can be transported to the starting position of the operation. The extended working device moves along the process shaft 8000, and the ore is transported outward through the return channel 8300 to realize mining. The process shaft 8000 is relatively small, but through the extended working device, a larger mining face can be formed, thereby mining in areas with larger cross-sections, which not only reduces the mining difficulty in complex areas, but also helps to improve mining efficiency.

[0093] The return channel 8300 includes the return channel 7100 passing through the ore hoisting process shaft 8000, or the annulus within the ore hoisting process shaft 8000, or the ore hoisting process shaft 8000 itself.

[0094] The ore particle lifting system 700 used in this invention requires the ore to have a diameter smaller than a certain size, with an average diameter of at least 50 mm. The crushing mechanism can be used to crush ore on rock walls or working faces, and can also crush large rocks falling into the mine. The expansion range of the extended mining device 100 can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 4 Medium size D. The ore produced by the extended mining unit 100 can be transported to the wellhead via the ore particle lifting system 700.

[0095] The wellhead of the process well 8000 is located on the surface or an offshore platform. When the wellhead is on the surface, the inner diameter of the process well 8000 is less than 2 meters, the vertical depth is greater than 100 meters, and the length-to-diameter ratio is greater than 100. When the wellhead is located on an offshore platform, the inner diameter of the process well 8000 is less than 2 meters, and the process well 8000 includes at least 5 meters submerged in seawater and at least another 20 meters submerged in underwater strata. It should be noted that the process well 8000 in this invention does not necessarily refer to a single process well 8000; it may also refer to two or more process wells 8000. When the system is used for marine mining, it should also include a riser, which is part of the process well and located at the top of the process well. It is installed in the section between the seabed and sea level to isolate the entire mining system from the marine environment.

[0096] This invention aims to solve the problems of deep mining, primarily proposing the use of boreholes for excavation. Therefore, it proposes a method of hoisting ore using a combination of crushing and low-density particle flow, with the advantages increasing as the borehole depth increases. Furthermore, a process shaft with a vertical depth greater than 200 meters (8000m) refers to an operating depth of the chamber exceeding 200 meters. 200 meters represents the distance from the shaft opening to the bottom of the mine, or the distance from the surface or sea level to the mine shaft. This depth is necessary for the low-density particle flow to achieve its hoisting effect. The chamber can include mine shafts, tunnels, etc.

[0097] It should be noted that the chamber includes underground spaces of elongated, arched, nearly circular, nearly elliptical, or other irregular shapes. The chamber can be multiple independently mined chambers distributed along the axis of the process shaft, or an elongated chamber formed by mining along the axis of the process shaft. The major axis length of the chamber described in this invention generally does not exceed the effective length of the portion of the process shaft that traverses the mineral deposit.

[0098] This invention targets terrestrial mineral deposits at a certain depth, mineral deposits in geological environments prone to collapse or water permeability, or mineral deposits within seabed strata. It is applicable to working conditions susceptible to water permeability, rock bursts, roof falls, and collapses. Utilizing a wellbore as a communication means, the extended mining device can employ an extended arm to drive the tunneling head, forming a group of chambers to collect ore. Furthermore, the ore particle lifting system can transport minerals to the wellhead via fluid mixing and a return channel within the process well. Therefore, under the specific context of this invention, the size and form of the process well 8000 are limited, significantly different from mining methods utilizing traditional roadways and working faces. Marine mining using this invention differs drastically from existing seabed mining technologies. The main difference lies in the fact that the minerals mined are those within seabed strata, not those on the traditional seabed surface. This invention provides a mining method and system that involves first entering the sea and then the underground, a significant departure from existing technologies. In this invention, the entire mining operation system does not need to come into contact with seawater; it can be completely isolated from the marine environment through a water-proof pipe.

[0099] The major axis of the extended mining device 100 is smaller than the inner diameter of the process well 8000, which has the largest diameter in the mine, so that the extended mining device 100 can be transported to the starting position of the operation via the process well 8000.

[0100] In this invention, the starting position of the operation is generally at or near the bottom of the well. Mining is achieved by means of reverse mining through the extended mining device 100 or the extended collection device 9000, which can avoid post-mining space collapse.

[0101] At least one process well is an equipment access well. In one embodiment, the extended mining device 100 includes a crushing assembly 1100 and an extension mechanism. The extension mechanism drives the crushing assembly 1100 to extend, thereby enabling the extended mining device 100 to be in a retracted state and an extended state. When the extended mining device 100 is in the retracted state, it can be transported through the equipment access well. Specifically, when the extended mining device 100 is in the retracted state, its outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of at least one process well 8000.

[0102] In one embodiment, the extension mechanism includes an extension arm 12200 and a control mechanism 12400, the control mechanism 12400 being used to drive the extension arm 12200 away from or towards the axis of the equipment access shaft; the breaking assembly 1100 includes a power assembly 1200 and a breaking mechanism, the breaking mechanism being mounted on the extension arm 12200. The power assembly 1200 provides rock-breaking power to the breaking mechanism downhole. The control mechanism 12400 may employ a hydraulic cylinder or other articulated actuator.

[0103] In one embodiment, the extended mining device 100 further includes a base 12100, an extended arm 12200 mounted on the base 12100, a crushing assembly 1100 mounted on the extended arm 12200, and a control mechanism 12400 disposed between the base 12100 and the extended arm 12200 for driving the extended arm 12200 to extend, wherein the extended arm 12200 can drive the crushing assembly 1100 to move relative to the base 12100.

[0104] In one embodiment, the breaking mechanism is a tunneling head, a reamer, a chisel, or an impact pick, etc.; the length of the extended arm 12200 is greater than three times the diameter of the equipment access shaft. In this invention, conventional tunneling heads, reamers, transverse milling heads, and longitudinal milling heads all belong to the category of tunneling heads. When the breaking assembly 1100 is a bolting machine, the power assembly 1200 is a first fluid motor 9300, and the breaking mechanism is a reamer, a tunneling head, an impact pick, or a chisel. The control mechanism 12400 is a joint actuator, specifically a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder, a motor, or an electric joint, used to drive the extended arm 12200 to achieve opening and closing movements.

[0105] Furthermore, the extended mining device 100 can extend the crushing assembly 1100 by at least three times the radius of the process well 8000. The crushing assembly 1100 includes a power assembly 1200 and a crushing mechanism connected to the power assembly 1200. The crushing mechanism is a rotary crushing tool or an impact crushing tool. When the crushing mechanism is a rotary crushing tool, the rotary crushing mechanism tool includes a reamer, a tunneling head, or a cutting head. The major axis of the cross section of the extended mining device perpendicular to its own length direction does not exceed three times the maximum diameter of the reamer, tunneling head, or cutting head. The length of the extended arm 12200 is greater than five times the diameter of the reamer, tunneling head, or cutting head. The maximum diameter of the reamer, tunneling head, or cutting head is 30%-95% of the inner diameter of the equipment access well.

[0106] When the crushing mechanism is an impact crushing tool, the impact crushing tool includes an impact pick or a chisel. The major axis of the cross section of the extended mining device 100 perpendicular to its own length direction does not exceed 8 times the maximum diameter of the impact pick or chisel, and the length of the extended arm 12200 is greater than 10 times the diameter of the impact pick or chisel.

[0107] In one embodiment, the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system includes a traction device, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the traction device 200 also includes a power cable 12300, which is located in front of the extended mining device 100 and is used to provide power to the extended mining device 100. The power assembly 1200 is connected to the power cable 12300 and is used to obtain electrical energy or pressure energy from the power cable 12300 and convert the electrical energy or pressure energy into mechanical energy to drive the crushing mechanism to break the rock.

[0108] In one embodiment, the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphological mining system includes a traction device connected to an extended mining device. The traction device includes a traction cable, rigging, or traction rod.

[0109] In one embodiment, the process well 8000 extends in both vertical and horizontal directions, with a vertical depth greater than 200 meters and a total depth greater than 300 meters. The equipment access well includes a section penetrating the interior of the ore deposit. Furthermore, when the extended mining device 100 is in the extended state, the expansion range D of its extended mining face can reach more than three times the diameter of the process well 8000.

[0110] In one implementation, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the ore particle lifting system 700 has an ore inlet 7300, which is located in front of, to the side of, or below the extended mining device 100. The ore inlet 7300 can be directly or indirectly connected to the return channel 8300.

[0111] like Figure 3As shown, the return channel 8300 is connected to the tunneling face of the extended mining device 100, and is used to transport the ore produced during tunneling out of the chamber. In one embodiment, as... Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the return channel 8300 extends in both vertical and horizontal directions.

[0112] In one implementation, such as Figure 6 As shown, when the ore particle lifting system 700 is a pumping lifting system, the pumping lifting system also includes an ore pump 7200 installed underground. The ore pump 7200 is located in the middle or lower part of the return channel 8300, and the outer diameter of the ore pump 7200 is smaller than the inner diameter of the process well 8000 with the largest inner diameter in the mine.

[0113] The 7200 mineral pump can be an impeller pump, screw pump, reciprocating pump, diaphragm pump, or jet pump. Impeller pumps or diaphragm pumps are generally preferred. Impeller pumps include centrifugal pumps, mixed-flow pumps, or axial-flow pumps. The 7200 mineral pump can also be a submersible pump for minerals. Mineral pumps are advantageous when the hardness of the mineral particles is less than 30 mm.

[0114] In another embodiment, when the ore particle lifting system 700 is a mixing and lifting system, the mixing and lifting system further includes a low-density particle flow injection channel 8400 and a low-density particle flow injection pump 7600 for conveying the low-density particle flow. The low-density particles are fluids containing microbubbles, fluids containing glass beads, or fluids containing solid particles with any density lower than water. The overall density is reduced after the low-density particle flow is mixed with the ore, allowing it to be returned through the return channel 8300. The low-density particle flow injection channel 8400 can be a low-density particle flow injection pipe 7800 passing through the process well, the annulus within the process well, or the process well itself. When the well depth is large, this invention fully utilizes the vertical depth of the chamber to reduce the density of the returned ore-containing particle flow, achieving a good lifting effect. When using this method, water needs to be injected into the chamber and process well. This can give the ore a high back pressure at the bottom of the well or in the chamber, which can form a U-shaped tube effect with the particle flow in the return channel, so that the ore is drawn into the return channel and returned to the wellhead after mixing with the low-density particle flow.

[0115] In one embodiment, the ore particle lifting system 7 includes a return channel 7100 and / or a low-density particle flow injection pipe 7800 and / or a tunneling working fluid injection pipe;

[0116] The ore particle hoisting system 700 also includes a pipe handling system or a pipe winding system for raising or winding the return channel 7100 and / or the low-density particle flow injection pipe 7800 and / or the tunneling working fluid injection pipe, so that the return channel 7100 and / or the low-density particle flow injection pipe 7800 and / or the tunneling working fluid injection pipe advance synchronously with the extended mining device 100.

[0117] When using continuous pipe, the pipe can be directly unloaded through the pipe winding system. When the pipe uses multiple detachable pipe columns for connection, a pipe handling system is used to achieve disassembly and assembly. The pipe handling system can disassemble and assemble the pipe by removing or installing threads, bolts, or clips. The pipe handling system can connect or disassemble multiple pipe sections.

[0118] This invention addresses deep-ground mining or underwater / underground mineral extraction. Due to high ground pressure in deep-ground conditions, the long-term integrity of the mine shaft cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, a reverse-movement mining method is employed to maximize the protection of the extended mining device 100 and the ore particle hoisting system 700. Its advantage lies in allowing for the collapse and shrinkage of the extracted chamber, with at least one of the process shafts 8000 positioned along the forward direction of the extended mining device 100.

[0119] In one embodiment, the ore particle hoisting system 700 includes a return channel 7100, and the traction device 200 includes a traction device disposed in front of the extended mining device 100 and connected to the extended mining device 100 for traction; the traction device is used to apply a forward pulling force to the extended mining device 100 to pull the extended mining device 100 forward along the process shaft 8000; the traction device is a pipe; the traction device is the return channel 7100 and / or the low-density particle flow injection pipe 7800 and / or the tunneling working fluid injection pipe.

[0120] The traction device uses a traction pipeline, which is integrated with the aforementioned fluid flow pipeline. This fully utilizes the pipeline to simultaneously discharge ore and traction the extended mining device 100. The traction device greatly facilitates the connection between the fluid and the extended mining device 100. For example, when using the tunneling working fluid injection pipeline to traction the extended mining device 100, the extended mining device 100 can easily obtain circulating fluid. When using the return channel 7100 to traction the extended mining device 100, the ore produced by crushing easily enters the return channel 7100 and is transported to the wellhead.

[0121] In one embodiment, a pipe-laying machine is also included for retrieving the return channel 7100. The pipe-laying machine is located outside the wellhead of the process well 8000 and is used to drag the return channel 7100 from the top so that the return channel 7100 can move forward together with the extended mining device 100.

[0122] In another embodiment, the power cable 12300 is independent of the ore particle lifting system 700 and also includes a power cable winding device 2100.

[0123] In one embodiment, when the power cable 12300 is integrally connected to the return channel 7100 and / or the low-density particle flow injection pipe 7800 and / or the tunneling working fluid injection pipe, the pipe handling system or the pipe winding system is the power cable winding device 2100; the power cable 12300 is disposed inside the return channel 7100 and / or the low-density particle flow injection pipe 7800 and / or the tunneling working fluid injection pipe, or the power cable 12300 is disposed inside the pipe wall of the return channel 7100 and / or the low-density particle flow injection pipe 7800 and / or the tunneling working fluid injection pipe, or the power cable 12300 is fixed outside the pipe wall of the return channel 7100 and / or the low-density particle flow injection pipe 7800 and / or the tunneling working fluid injection pipe.

[0124] Specifically, when installed inside the pipe wall, it is equivalent to installing the cable within the pipe wall thickness. Specific methods include: when the pipe is a composite material pipe, the cable can be installed inside the pipe wall during the fiber winding process; or, when the pipe is a metal pipe, holes can be drilled in the pipe wall and the cable can be installed inside the holes.

[0125] In one embodiment, a flow channel 1300 is provided inside the crushing mechanism. The port of the flow channel 1300 is used to spray fluid into the rock near the extended mining device 100 or the crushing assembly 1100. The extended mining device 100 includes a booster pump 1400, which is connected to the flow channel 1300 located inside the extended mining device 100. The booster pump 1400 is used to pump the liquid in the chamber where the extended mining device 100 is located to the flow channel 1300.

[0126] In one embodiment, a flow channel 1300 is provided inside the crushing mechanism, and the port of the flow channel 1300 is used to spray fluid into the rock near the extended mining device 100 or the crushing assembly 1100; the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphological mining system also includes a circulating fluid pump, which is connected to the flow channel 1300 through a circulating fluid pipeline. The circulating fluid pump can be located outside the wellhead.

[0127] In one embodiment, the ore particle lifting system 700 includes a re-crushing device 7400, after which the ore is crushed by the re-crushing device 7400 and transported to the return channel 7100. Further, the re-crushing device 7400 includes a crushing section, a pressure-resistant body, and a drive mechanism; the crushing section is a jaw, cone, ball, or rod; the pressure-resistant body has an outer diameter of less than 2 meters and can pass through the process shaft 8000; the drive mechanism is an electric first motor 9300, a hydraulic first motor 9300, or a pneumatic first motor 9300. The re-crushing device 7400 can perform secondary crushing on the ore or rock crushed by the extended mining device 100, or it can directly crush rocks falling in the mine shaft. The secondary crushing device serves as a means of reducing the particle size of the crushed rock before it enters the pipeline. In this invention, regardless of the crushing method chosen, the crushed rock is more likely to enter the ore particle lifting system 700 more smoothly and be lifted to the shaft opening.

[0128] In one embodiment, the chambers and process wells are filled with a solution having a density of 0.8-2.4 g / cm³. 3 The liquid provides a certain back pressure for the ore particle lifting system 700. In addition, the injected liquid acts as a support liquid, relying on the pressure of the liquid column to support the mine shaft or to assist in lifting the ore.

[0129] In one embodiment, the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system includes at least two process wells 8000, which are interconnected. One process well 8000 is used for backflow of ore, and the other process well 8000 is used for injecting low-density particle flow.

[0130] Adopting the "one entry, one row" approach, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system includes two independent process wells 8000, which are used for injecting low-density particle streams and discharging ore, respectively. In this embodiment, the two process wells 8000 provide a return channel 8300 and a low-density particle stream injection channel 8400, respectively. The process well 8000 can be used directly as the injection or return channel 8300, or a low-density particle stream injection pipe 7800 and a return channel 7100 can be installed in the two wells respectively as the injection or return channel 8300.

[0131] In one embodiment, at least one process well 8000 is provided with at least one double-walled pipe, which includes an inner pipe and an outer pipe. The inner pipe is used for backflow of ore, and the space between the inner pipe and the outer pipe is a low-density particle flow injection channel 8400 for injecting low-density particle flow.

[0132] Using "double-walled pipes", such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, a concentric double-walled pipe is installed inside the process well 8000. The double-walled pipe includes an inner pipe wall and an outer pipe wall. The inner pipe is a return channel 7100, forming a return channel 8300. The returned ore can be returned to the wellhead through the inside of the return channel 7100. A low-density particle flow injection channel 8400 is formed between the inner pipe wall and the outer pipe wall.

[0133] In one embodiment, the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system includes at least one casing-completed process well 8000. The process well 8000 is provided with a return channel 7100 for returning ore. The annular space between the return channel 7100 and the casing forms a low-density particle flow injection channel 8400 for injecting low-density particle flow.

[0134] Using "single tubing string injection and production in the same well", such as Figure 4 As shown, the system includes at least one process well 8000. A return channel 7100 is installed within the process well 8000. The return channel 7100 is also known as a return channel 8300. An annular space between the return channel 7100 and the casing or well wall forms a low-density particle flow injection channel 8400 for injecting low-density particle flow. A low-density particle flow injection pump 7600 is connected to the low-density particle flow injection channel 8400. The return channel 7100 is connected to a low-density particle recovery device 7700, which is located outside the wellhead and is used to recover the particle flow that returns along with the ore in the return channel 7100.

[0135] In one embodiment, at least one process well 8000 is provided with at least one backflow channel 7100 and at least one low-density particle flow injection pipe 7800.

[0136] Using a "dual tube", such as Figure 5 As shown, the system includes at least one process well 8000. A return channel 7100 and a low-density particle flow injection pipe 7800 are installed within the process well 8000. The return channel 7100 is a return channel 8300. The return channel 7100 and the low-density particle flow injection pipe 7800 form a low-density particle flow injection channel 8400 for injecting low-density particle flow. A low-density particle flow injection pump 7600 is connected to the low-density particle flow injection pipe 7800.

[0137] It should be noted that the return channel 8300 does not necessarily have to be in the form of a pipe; using the form of a return channel 7100 is a preferred option. The low-density particle flow injection channel 8400 can also be a pipe, as can the tunneling working fluid injection channel.

[0138] In one embodiment, the controlled-morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells includes a low-density particle recovery device 7700, which is a separator or flotation device used to separate low-density particles using centrifugal force or buoyancy. Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the low-density particle recovery device 7700 can be installed at the wellhead.

[0139] In one embodiment, the base fluid of the low-density particle flow tunneling working fluid includes a thickener, a shearing agent, or bentonite; the viscosity of the base fluid is greater than that of water. Preferably, the viscosity of the base fluid is greater than 20 seconds.

[0140] Option 2

[0141] This invention provides a controllable morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells. The system includes: an extended mining device 100, a traction device 200, an ore particle hoisting system 700, and a process well 8000. Both the traction device 200 and the ore particle hoisting system 700 are connected to the extended mining device 100. The extended mining device 100 is located at the rear end of the process well 8000. The traction device 200 and the ore particle hoisting system 700 are partially located within the process well 8000. The traction device 200 applies a forward pulling force to the extended mining device 100 to pull it forward along the process well 8000. The ore produced by the extended mining device 100 can be transported to the wellhead via the ore particle hoisting system 700.

[0142] The traction device 200 also includes a power cable 12300, which is located in front of the extended mining device 100 and is used to provide power or communication connection to the extended mining device 100. The crushing assembly 1100 includes a power assembly 1200 and a rock breaking mechanism. The power assembly 1200 is connected to the power cable 12300 and is used to obtain electrical or pressure energy from the power cable 12300 and convert the electrical or pressure energy into mechanical energy to drive the rock breaking mechanism. The rock breaking mechanism is a reamer, a chisel, an impact pick, a reamer, or a cutter.

[0143] By using the traction device 200 to pull the extended mining device 100, mining can be achieved with only a pre-drilled process shaft 8000. Applying tension in front of the extended mining device 100 eliminates the need for a complex thrust system, maximizing the availability of space behind it and reducing the difficulty of construction by eliminating the need to send a complex thrust system to the starting position of the excavation. The integrated ore particle lifting system 700 enables synchronous cuttings removal, preventing ore accumulation and promptly transporting the mined minerals to the shaft opening, achieving the goal of utilizing the shaft for mining operations. Furthermore, for environments such as deep strata and seafloor strata, minimal equipment is used, utilizing the process shaft 8000 for mining operations. The ore particle lifting system 700 is positioned in front and advances alongside the extended mining device 100 under the traction of the traction device 200, avoiding the impact of goaf collapse or falling debris on the extended mining device 100 or ore backflow. This invention can be applied to the excavation of hydropower tunnels, traffic tunnels, pipeline power grid tunnels, underground space construction, roadways, and mine tunnels, and can also be used for the excavation of chambers for mining, transportation, and storage.

[0144] A traction device 200 is positioned in front of the extended mining device 100 and can pull the extended mining device 100 forward. It also includes a power cable connected to the extended mining device 100. The crushing assembly 1100 includes a drive unit and a rotary crushing tool or impact crushing tool connected to the drive unit. The rotary crushing tool includes a reamer, a tunneling head, or a cutting head, etc., while the impact crushing tool includes an impact pick or a chisel, etc. The major axis of the cross-section of the extended mining device 100 perpendicular to its own length direction does not exceed three times the maximum diameter of the reamer, tunneling head, or cutting head, or does not exceed eight times the maximum diameter of the impact pick or chisel; furthermore, the length of the extension arm 12200 is greater than five times the diameter of the reamer, tunneling head, or cutting head, or the length of the extension arm 12200 is greater than ten times the diameter of the impact pick or chisel; the inner diameter of the equipment access shaft is between 0.2 and 2 meters; the length of the extension arm 12200 is greater than three times the diameter of the equipment access shaft. The control mechanism 12400 is a hydraulic piston or a first motor 9300, used to drive the extension arm 12200 to achieve opening and closing movements.

[0145] In one embodiment, the extended mining apparatus 100 includes a crushing assembly 1100 and a flow channel 1300. The port of the flow channel 1300 is used to inject fluid into the crushing assembly 1100 or the rock near the crushing assembly 1100 to reduce the temperature of the crushing assembly 1100 or the rock to be crushed. Specifically, the extended mining apparatus 100 includes a crushing assembly 1100 and a power assembly 1200. The crushing assembly 1100 may include a cutter, which may be a rotary cutter or an impact cutter. The power assembly 1200 includes an electric first motor 9300, a hydraulic first motor 9300, or a pneumatic first motor 9300.

[0146] Furthermore, the controlled-form mining system for the deep formation fluid-filled well includes a circulating fluid pump and a circulating fluid pipeline. The circulating fluid pump is connected to the flow channel 1300 through the circulating fluid pipeline. Specifically, the output end of the circulating fluid pump is connected to the input end of the circulating fluid pipeline, and the output end of the circulating fluid pipeline is connected to the flow channel 1300 inside the crushing assembly 1100.

[0147] In one embodiment, the circulating fluid pipeline includes a supply tubing string, which is at least partially disposed in the process well 8000. The tubing string can be drill pipe, coiled tubing, composite tubing, or armored hose. In another embodiment, the process well 8000 itself constitutes part or all of the circulating fluid pipeline. The process well 8000 housing the traction device 200 may be the same process well 8000 as the process well 8000 housing the circulating fluid pipeline or constituting the circulating fluid pipeline. Preferably, at least one traction device 200 and the circulating fluid pipeline are located in the same process well 8000.

[0148] In one implementation, such as Figure 7 As shown, the extended mining apparatus 100 includes a booster pump 1400, which is connected to a flow channel 1300. The booster pump 1400 is used to pump the liquid at the bottom of the channel generated by the extended mining apparatus 100 during excavation to the flow channel 1300. The booster pump 1400 can be installed at the bottom of the well, directly pumping the drilling fluid at the bottom of the well into the flow channel 1300 to cool the crushing assembly 1100.

[0149] In one embodiment, the system includes a process well 8000 disposed along the advance direction of the extended mining device 100, a return channel 7100 passing through the process well 8000, and the end of the return channel 7100 being connected to the front of the extended mining device 100 for recovering the ore produced by the extended mining device 100.

[0150] The ore particle hoisting system 700 is positioned in front of the extended mining device 100 and moves together with it. The ore particle hoisting system 700 includes a return channel 7100 and a traction device 200 including a traction tool. The return channel 7100 and the traction tool are an integral structure. The ore particle hoisting system 700 can function as the traction device 200, applying tension to the extended mining device 100. At least one return channel 7100 and at least one traction tool are an integral structure arranged in the same process shaft 8000. A pipe-laying machine for retrieving the return channel 7100 is also included. The pipe-laying machine is located outside the opening of the process shaft 8000 and tows the return channel 7100 by retrieving it from the top, allowing the return channel 7100 to advance together with the extended mining device 100.

[0151] In one embodiment, at least one process well 8000 itself serves as a backflow channel 7100, for example, as Figure 1 As shown, a process well 8000 itself serves as a section of the return channel 7100.

[0152] In one embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, the ore particle lifting system 700 includes a return channel 7100 and a ore pump 7200. The ore pump 7200 is installed in the extended mining unit 100 and is connected to the return channel 7100. The ore pump 7200 is used to increase the speed or pressure of the circulating fluid containing ore, facilitating the discharge of ore through the return channel 7100. The ore pump 7200 can be a centrifugal pump, impeller pump, screw pump, or diaphragm pump. Figure 7 As shown, the ore is drawn in through the ore inlet 7300 and then pumped to the wellhead by the ore pump 7200. The ore pump 7200 can be an electric submersible pump for ore.

[0153] In one embodiment, the ore particle lifting system 700 includes a re-crushing device 7400, after which the ore is crushed by the re-crushing device 7400 and transported to the return discharge channel 7100. The re-crushing device 7400 is used to further crush the mined rock to facilitate pipeline transportation.

[0154] In one embodiment, the traction device 200 includes a traction apparatus, which may include a traction cable, a rigging, or a traction bar.

[0155] In one embodiment, the process well 8000 includes a connected horizontal well section 8100 and a connecting well section 8200. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the connecting section 8200 is a vertical shaft extending to the ground. As the extended mining device 100 moves, the power cable 12300 is wound up by the power cable winding device 2100. The power cable winding device 2100 does not need to be installed underground, which facilitates the installation of the power cable winding device 2100.

[0156] like Figure 5 As shown, the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system includes a power cable winding device 2100, which is located at the outlet of the connecting well section 8200. The traction device can be connected to the power cable winding device 2100 after passing through the horizontal well section 8100 and the connecting well section 8200.

[0157] In one implementation, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the extended mining device 100 includes a base 12100, a crushing assembly 1100, and an extension arm 12200. The extension arm 12200 is mounted on the base 12100, and the crushing assembly 1100 is mounted on the extension arm 12200. The extension arm 12200 can drive the crushing assembly 1100 to move relative to the base 12100. The crushing assembly 1100 can be connected to the base 12100 by a hinge. The extension arm 12200 serves as an extension mechanism, expanding the mining range of the crushing assembly 1100. It should be noted that the base is a component used to fix the extended mining device and does not represent any specific function. All other components in the extended mining device besides the mining arm can be considered as the base. The base can be used to fix the extended mining device by supporting legs or by inserting it into the process well.

[0158] The specific implementation of the extended operation device described in this embodiment is to achieve extended mining operations through a hinged connection. Technical solutions that achieve extended operations through other means also belong to the extended operation device described in this invention.

[0159] In one embodiment, the extended working device employs an extended working device with a hinged structure, such as... Figures 6-8 As shown, the extension arm 12200 and the base 12100 are connected by a hinge structure.

[0160] As another equivalent alternative, such as Figures 11-12 As shown, the extended arm 12200 and the base 12100 are connected via a plug-in mechanism 1500. During operation, the extended arm 12200 and the base 12100 can be lowered sequentially, and the base 12100 and the extended arm 12200 are plugged in at the bottom of the well via the plug-in mechanism 1500. This invention achieves equipment transfer through the equipment access shaft, which inherently limits the size of the equipment. By connecting the various components of the extended mining device through the plug-in mechanism 1500, the space of the equipment access shaft can be fully utilized, allowing the relatively larger extended arm 12200 to be lowered even when the diameter of the equipment access shaft is limited.

[0161] Process well 8000 is a process well drilled using a directional drilling device. Directional drilling operations must be carried out according to the designed trajectory of the chamber.

[0162] The number of process wells 8000 can be one or more. The number of traction devices 200 and ore particle lifting systems 700 can also be one or more, and the traction devices 200, ore particle lifting systems 700, and liquid supply pipelines can be installed in different process wells 8000. Preferably, to make traction more stable, at least 2-4 parallel process wells 8000 are needed to install the traction devices 200, and the trajectory of the process wells 8000 matches the design trajectory of the chamber.

[0163] Option 3

[0164] This invention provides a controllable morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells. Figure 9 A partial top view is shown. At least two extension arms 12200 are respectively provided on both sides of the base 12100. Crushing assemblies 1100 are mounted on the extension arms 12200, each driven by an independent power assembly 1200 for crushing ore. A return channel 7100 is provided at the front of the base 12100, which serves as a traction device 200. A ore collector 7500 is provided at the rear of the base 12100 for collecting ore. The ore collected by the ore collector 7500 is sucked into the return channel 7100 through the ore inlet 7300 and pumped to the wellhead by the ore pump 7200.

[0165] The traction device 200 can be a casing or drill pipe, and the power cable winding device 2100 can be a pipe laying machine. The ore pump 7200 can be a diaphragm pump, a vane pump, or a centrifugal pump.

[0166] Option 4

[0167] This invention provides a controllable morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells, such as... Figure 10 A partial schematic diagram is shown. In this embodiment, the extended working device is an extended acquisition device 9000, which includes an extended acquisition assembly 9100 and an acquisition arm 9400. The acquisition assembly is mounted on the acquisition arm, and a control mechanism is used to drive the acquisition arm to achieve extension. The acquisition assembly includes one or more of a rake, a chuck suction device 9200, a ore suction pipe, a shovel, or a bucket.

[0168] In one embodiment, a grappling hook device 9200 is used to scoop up ore and suck it into a collecting arm 9400. A first motor 9300 is also provided at the rear of the collecting grappling hook device 9200, and the first motor 9300 is connected to the collecting grappling hook device 9200 for agitating the ore to facilitate suction or collection. The collecting arm 9400 is provided with a through channel, and a ore suction pipe 9500 is disposed inside the through channel, connecting to a return channel 8300.

[0169] Option 5

[0170] This invention provides a controllable morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells, such as... Figures 13 to 38As shown, the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system includes: an extended operation device, an ore particle hoisting system 90, and at least one process well 16; the extended operation device includes an extended mining device and / or an extended collection device; wherein, the extended operation device can move along the process well 16, and the extended operation device can be transported to the working position through the process well 16; the extended mining device is used to excavate the chamber 121 along the process well 16; or, the extended collection device is used to collect or extract ore particles in the chamber 121 along the process well 16; the ore particle hoisting system 90 is partially set in the process well 16, and the ore particles generated by the extended operation device can be hoisted through the ore particle hoisting system 90. The system 90 conveys ore particles to the wellhead 15; the ore particle lifting system 90 includes a return channel 14 through which ore particles are conveyed outward; one or more of the process wells 16 are ore particle lifting process wells, and the return channel 14 is located inside the ore particle lifting process well; in this invention, the wellhead of the process well 16 is located on the surface or on an offshore platform; when the wellhead of the process well 16 is located on the surface, the inner diameter of the process well 16 is less than 2 meters, the vertical depth is greater than 100 meters, and the length-to-diameter ratio is greater than 100; when the wellhead of the process well 16 is located on an offshore platform, the inner diameter of the process well 16 is less than 2 meters, at least 5 meters of the process well 16 are in seawater, and another at least 20 meters are in the underwater strata.

[0171] In this embodiment, the portion of the ore particle hoisting system 90 located in the process well 16 includes at least the aforementioned return channel 14. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the process well 16 has sections extending vertically and horizontally, with a vertical depth and horizontal displacement both greater than 100 meters, and a total depth greater than 300 meters. The process well 16 includes a channel well 1, which includes sections penetrating the interior of the ore deposit. The return channel 14 also has sections extending vertically and horizontally. It should be noted that when this deep formation fluid-filled well controlled-form mining system is used for marine mining, it should also include a riser. The riser is part of the process well 16 and located above it. The riser is positioned within the area from the seabed to sea level and serves to isolate the entire deep formation fluid-filled well controlled-form mining system from the marine environment.

[0172] It should be noted that when there is only one process well 16, this process well 16 serves as the sole channel for ore pellet production and must be used as an ore pellet hoisting process well. When it is necessary to raise or lower an extended mining unit, it is temporarily used for raising or lowering the equipment. When there are two or more process wells 16, as a better option, one process well 16 serves as a dedicated channel well, and the other process well 16 serves as a dedicated ore pellet hoisting process well.

[0173] In this invention, the chamber 121 and the process well 16 are filled with a fluid with liquid phase properties, thereby discharging the crushed ore particles as a particulate flow. The fluid filled in the chamber 121 and the process well 16 is a liquid with a density of 0.8-2.4 g / cm³. 3 .

[0174] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the extended operation device further includes: a measurement module for measuring, sensing, or detecting mining or acquisition operations; a control module for controlling the operation of the extended operation device; the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system further includes a power line 213 for obtaining energy for the extended operation device; the power line 213 is disposed in the process well 16, and the two ends of the power line 213 can be connected to the extended operation device and a power source outside the wellhead respectively when supplying energy to the extended operation device; the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system further includes a communication device for obtaining mining operation information outside the wellhead, the communication device including a wireless communication device and / or a communication line and / or a power line.

[0175] In this embodiment, the extended working device is pre-connected to the power line before being lowered into the process well 16, or, after being lowered, the extended working device is connected to the power line downhole. When a wireless communication device is used, wireless communication terminals are installed on both the extended working device and outside the wellhead; when a communication line is used, the two ends of the communication line can be connected to the communication terminal inside the extended working device and the communication terminal outside the wellhead, respectively; when the power line is used as the communication line, a modulation device and a demodulation device are also required to modulate the communication signal into the power line or demodulate the communication signal from the power line.

[0176] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, at least one process well 16 is an equipment access well; the extended mining device includes a crushing assembly and an extension assembly; the extension assembly is used to drive the crushing assembly to achieve extension, so as to realize the contracted state and the extended mining device in an extended state; the crushing assembly includes a power assembly and a crushing mechanism connected to the power assembly; when the extended mining device is in the contracted state, it can be transported through the equipment access well.

[0177] When there is only one process well 16, the return channel 14 is located inside the process well 16, and the process well 16 is also used as an equipment access well; when raising or lowering equipment, the process well 16 is used as an access well; or, when there are at least two process wells 16, one of the process wells 16 is used as an access well, and the access well has a through channel for raising or lowering the above-mentioned extended mining device, and the other process well 16 is an ore particle hoisting process well, and the above-mentioned ore particle hoisting system 90 is installed inside the ore particle hoisting process well.

[0178] like Figures 13 to 17 As shown, when there is only one process shaft 16, the process shaft is used both as an ore particle lifting process shaft and for hoisting and lowering equipment. Through the pre-set process shaft 16, an extended working device can be transported to the starting position of the operation. The extended working device moves along the process shaft 16, and ore particles are transported outward through the return channel 14, thus realizing mining. The process shaft 16 is relatively small, but through the extended working device, a larger mining face chamber can be formed, thereby enabling mining in areas with larger cross-sections. This reduces the mining difficulty in complex areas and improves mining efficiency. The return channel 14 includes a return channel 14 passing through the ore particle lifting process shaft 16, or the annulus within the ore particle lifting process shaft 16, or the ore particle lifting process shaft 16 itself. A chamber formed after three-dimensional extended mining operations in a branch shaft is defined as a chamber. The shaft conveying system transports the mined ore to the outside of the shaft opening via a passageway shaft. Alternatively, the passageway shaft may also include a discharge shaft connected to the chamber, passageway shaft, or branch shaft, through which the shaft conveying system transports the mined ore to the outside of the shaft opening. Ore conveying devices include tubing and other tubing used for conveying ore, or pumps that drive the flow of fluid within the shaft chamber.

[0179] The ore particle hoisting system 90 used in this invention requires ore particles with a diameter smaller than a certain size, with an average diameter of at least 50 mm. The crushing assembly can be used to crush ore on rock walls or working faces, and can also crush large rocks falling in the mine shaft. Ore particles produced by the extended mining device can be transported to the mine entrance via the ore particle hoisting system 90.

[0180] The wellhead of process well 16 is located on the surface or an offshore platform. When the wellhead is on the surface, the inner diameter of process well 16 is less than 2 meters, the vertical depth is greater than 100 meters, and the length-to-diameter ratio is greater than 100. When the wellhead is located on an offshore platform, the inner diameter of process well 16 is less than 2 meters, and process well 16 includes at least 5 meters submerged in seawater and at least another 20 meters submerged in underwater strata. It should be noted that process well 16 in this invention does not necessarily refer to a single process well 16, but may be one of two or more process wells 16. When the system is used for marine mining, it should also include a riser, which is part of the process well and located at the top of the process well. It is set within the section from the seabed to the sea level to isolate the entire mining system from the marine environment.

[0181] This invention aims to solve the problems of deep mining, primarily proposing the use of boreholes for extraction. Therefore, it proposes a method of ore particle lifting using a combination of crushing and low-density particle flow, with the advantage increasing as the borehole depth increases. Furthermore, the vertical depth of the process shaft 16 exceeding 200 meters refers to the operating depth of the chamber exceeding 200 meters. 200 meters refers to the distance from the shaft opening to the bottom of the mine, or the distance from the ground or sea surface to the mine shaft. This depth is necessary for the low-density particle flow to achieve its lifting effect. The chamber can include mine shafts, tunnels, etc.

[0182] It should be noted that the chamber includes underground spaces of elongated, arched, nearly circular, nearly elliptical, or other irregular shapes. The chamber can be multiple independently mined chambers distributed along the axis of the process shaft, or an elongated chamber formed by mining along the axis of the process shaft. In this invention, the major axis length of the chamber generally does not exceed the effective length of the portion of the process shaft that traverses the mineral deposit.

[0183] This invention targets terrestrial mineral deposits at a certain depth, mineral deposits in geological environments prone to collapse or water permeability, or mineral deposits within seabed strata. It is applicable to working conditions susceptible to water permeability, rock bursts, roof falls, and collapses. Utilizing a wellbore as a communication means, the extended mining device can employ an extended arm to drive the tunneling head, forming a group of chambers to collect ore. Furthermore, the ore particle lifting system 90 can transport minerals to the wellhead via fluid mixing and a return channel within the process well. Therefore, under the specific context of this invention, the size and form of the process well 16 are limited, particularly distinguishing it from traditional mining methods using tunnels and working faces. Marine mining using this invention differs significantly from existing seabed mining techniques. The main difference lies in the fact that the minerals mined are those within seabed strata, not those on the traditional seabed surface. This invention provides a mining method and system that involves first entering the sea and then the underground, a significant departure from existing technologies. In this invention, the entire mining operation system does not need to come into contact with seawater; it can be completely isolated from the marine environment through a water-proof pipe.

[0184] The major axis of the extended mining device 1 is smaller than the inner diameter of the process well 16, which has the largest diameter in the mine, so that the extended mining device 1 can be transported to the starting position of the operation via the process well 16.

[0185] In this invention, the starting position of the operation is generally at or near the bottom of the well. Mining is achieved by using a reverse mining method with an extended mining device or an extended collection device, which can avoid post-mining space collapse.

[0186] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 18 and Figure 19As shown, the extension assembly includes an extension arm 122 and a control mechanism 124. The control mechanism 124 is used to drive the extension arm 122 away from or towards the axis of the channel well. The crushing assembly 11 is mounted on the extension arm 122. The length of the extension arm 122 is greater than three times the diameter of the channel well. When the extended mining device is in the extended state, the expansion range D of its extended mining face is... Figure 16 (As shown) it can reach more than 3 times the diameter of the process well. Among them, the power assembly 12 provides rock-breaking power to the rock-breaking assembly 11 downhole; the control mechanism 124 can be a hydraulic cylinder or other articulated actuator.

[0187] Furthermore, such as Figure 18 and Figure 19 As shown, the extended mining device also includes a device body 21, an extended arm 122 installed on the device body 21, a crushing assembly 11 installed on the extended arm 122, and a control mechanism 124 disposed between the device body 21 and the extended arm 122 for driving the extended arm 122 to achieve extension. The extended arm 122 can drive the crushing assembly 11 to move relative to the device body 21.

[0188] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the breaking assembly 11 is a tunneling head, reamer, chisel, or impact pick, etc.; the length of the extended arm 122 is greater than three times the diameter of the tunnel shaft. In the present invention, conventional tunneling heads, reamers, transverse milling heads, and longitudinal milling heads are all considered tunneling heads. When the breaking assembly 11 is a bolting machine, the power assembly 12 is a fluid motor, and the breaking assembly is a reamer, tunneling head, impact pick, or chisel. The control mechanism 124 is a joint actuator, specifically a hydraulic cylinder, electric cylinder, motor, or electric joint, used to drive the extended arm 122 to achieve opening and closing movements.

[0189] When the crushing assembly 11 is an impact crushing tool, the impact crushing tool includes an impact pick or a chisel. The major axis of the cross section of the extended mining device perpendicular to its own length direction does not exceed 8 times the maximum diameter of the impact pick or chisel, and the length of the extended arm 122 is greater than 10 times the diameter of the impact pick or chisel.

[0190] In one embodiment, preferably, the deep formation fluid-filled wellhead controllable morphological mining system includes a traction device. The traction device includes a traction implement, which is positioned between the extended mining device and the wellhead and is tractionally connected to the extended mining device. The traction implement applies a forward or backward pulling force to the extended mining device to pull it forward or backward along the process well. The traction implement can be, but is not limited to, a pipe, tubing, or a flexible tubing string. The traction implement injects fluid into the wellhead to circulate ore particles out of the wellhead, including both forward and reverse circulation methods.

[0191] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the extended working device includes an extended working device connected by a hinged structure, or an extended working device assembled by a plug-in mechanism.

[0192] Furthermore, the extended working device includes a device body, which comprises several sections that are hinged together, with controllable hinge structures and / or freely movable hinge structures between each section; a traveling assembly is provided on the device body.

[0193] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 15 to 19 As shown, the extended mining device includes a main body and an extension assembly for extending the mining range. The extension assembly includes an extension arm 122 and a control mechanism. One end of the extension arm 122 is connected to the main body, and a crushing assembly is provided at the front or side of the extension arm 122. The control mechanism includes an electric actuator, hydraulic actuator, or pneumatic actuator for controllably performing deflection actions.

[0194] The extended assembly is configured as follows: the extended assembly includes a mining arm body rotatably connected to the equipment body and at least one main mining arm connected to a mining assembly or a rock-splitting assembly. The mining assembly or the rock-splitting assembly is located at the front of the main mining arm. The mining arm body can rotate around the axis of the process well. A rotation control component is provided between the mining arm body and the equipment body to drive the mining arm body to rotate. An extended control component is connected between the mining arm body and the main mining arm to drive the main mining arm to move radially toward the process well. The extended control component serves as a deflection module, and the rotation control component serves as a rotation module.

[0195] Alternatively, the extension assembly can be a two-degree-of-freedom or multi-degree-of-freedom control mechanism, capable of driving the extension arm 122 to achieve at least two degrees of freedom of movement relative to the device body, wherein the extension arm 122 and the device body are connected by hinge and / or rotation.

[0196] Alternatively, the extended assembly includes at least two controllable sections connected in sequence, each controllable section including a front part and a rear part that are controlled to rotate relative to each other, and an opening and closing control component or a joint control component that drives the front part and the rear part to rotate in a controlled manner, wherein the opening and closing control component and / or the joint control component both serve as biasing modules;

[0197] Alternatively, the extension assembly includes an extension arm 122 consisting of at least two controllable sections connected in sequence. Adjacent controllable sections are connected sequentially by hinge or rotation. The rear end of each extension arm 122 is further provided with a control mechanism. This control mechanism includes a driver with at least two degrees of freedom. The driver pulls the controllable sections through a traction transmission structure to drive the extension arm 122 to achieve three-dimensional motion. The driver serves as a deflection module, and the traction transmission structure is a rope, belt, or chain.

[0198] A power line is installed in the process well and / or other wells connected to the process well.

[0199] In this embodiment, the extension assembly includes a deflection module and / or a rotation module. The deflection module drives the mining assembly or rock-splitting assembly to move in a direction deviating from the axis of the channel well. The rotation module drives the mining assembly or rock-splitting assembly to move around the axis of the channel well or the axis of the equipment body, thereby expanding the mining range of the mining assembly or rock-splitting assembly. Since the extended mining device must be able to pass through the wellbore, the extension assembly controls the entire extended mining device to switch between retracted and extended states, or controls the extended mining device to achieve a larger mining range and to retract during the process of pulling out of the well or lowering into the well bottom, that is, switching between the first state of passing through the process well and the second state of mining operations.

[0200] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 17 to 19 As shown, the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system includes several branch wells connected to process well 16;

[0201] The extended operation device includes a crushing assembly, an extension assembly, and an equipment body for mining operations inserted into the branch shaft. The extension assembly includes a front extension assembly and a lateral extension section. The front extension assembly is used to drive the crushing assembly to extend within the branch shaft and to extend and / or adjust its direction within the branch shaft.

[0202] The curvature of the connection section between the branch well and the process well is greater than 1° / meter. The extension assembly is connected to the equipment body through the lateral extension section, which includes a flexible tubing string or a plurality of hinged short sections connected in sequence.

[0203] The configuration of the front-end expansion assembly is as follows:

[0204] like Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the front-end extension assembly includes an extension arm 122 and an extension drive assembly that drives the extension arm 122 to move. The extension arm 122 is connected to the front end of the lateral extension section, and the crushing assembly 11 is connected to the front end of the extension arm 122. The two ends of the extension arm 122 move relative to each other in a direction away from the axis of the branch well under the action of the drive mechanism, thereby achieving extended mining by enlarging the hole.

[0205] The chamber formed after the branch well undergoes three-dimensional extended mining operations is called a cavern. The ore particle hoisting system 90 also includes a shaft conveying device, which transports the mined ore to the outside of the wellhead through the channel well. Alternatively, the process well 16 may also include a discharge well connected to the cavern, the channel well, and / or the branch well, through which the shaft conveying device transports the mined ore to the outside of the wellhead.

[0206] Furthermore, the rock-splitting assembly is mounted on the extension assembly, which is further equipped with at least two control mechanisms 124 or dual-degree-of-freedom control mechanisms to drive the extension arm 122. The crushing assembly 11 is located at the front or side of the extension arm 122. Under the action of the control mechanisms 124, the extension arm 122 moves relative to the branch shaft axis in a direction perpendicular to the branch shaft axis, thereby driving the crushing assembly 11 to precisely crush the ore around the branch shaft. Figure 24 As shown, when the crushing assembly 11 is located on the side of the extended arm 122, the crushing assembly 11 is preferably a reciprocating cutting saw, which can be driven by a crushing power assembly, which is either a reciprocating electric power assembly or a reciprocating hydraulic power assembly. The power lines are electric lines, high-pressure fluid lines, and / or hydraulic lines. The reciprocating cutting saw reciprocates under the drive of the crushing power assembly to crush the ore. When the crushing assembly 11 is a chain cutting saw, the crushing power assembly is an electric motor or a hydraulic motor, and the power lines are electric lines, high-pressure fluid lines, and / or hydraulic lines. The chain cutting saw cuts the crushed ore under the drive of the crushing power assembly. Alternatively, when the crushing assembly 11 is located on the side of the extended arm 122, the crushing assembly 11 is preferably a chain cutting head, and the crushing power assembly is either an electric motor or a hydraulic motor. The power lines are electric lines, high-pressure fluid lines, and / or hydraulic lines. The chain cutting head continuously cycles under the drive of the crushing power assembly to crush the ore.

[0207] Furthermore, the extended mining device includes a mining assembly that mines in the form of rotary cutting. The extended assembly or lateral extension section is provided with a rotatable drive shaft or a driveable chain. The power assembly drives the crushing assembly 11 to operate by driving the drive shaft to rotate or driving the chain to drive the chain.

[0208] Furthermore, a fixing device or support device is provided at the connection between the extension arm 122 and the lateral extension section to provide fixed support for the extension arm 122.

[0209] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the lateral extension section includes a plurality of short sections connected by hinged structures, wherein, from front to back, they are a crushing assembly, a controllable short section, and an uncontrollable short section, and a fixing device or a supporting device is provided near the junction of the controllable short section and the uncontrollable short section.

[0210] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the extension assembly includes multiple short sections connected by hinged structures, and an angle locking mechanism is provided at each hinged structure. The angle locking mechanism can lock the hinged structures to maintain the stability of the arm shape of the extension arm 122. The extended mining device includes a main body, a lateral extension section, an extension arm 122, and a crushing assembly 11. The lateral extension section includes multiple short sections connected by hinged structures, and an angle locking mechanism is provided at each hinged structure. When the lateral extension section enters the branch well, the angle locking mechanism can lock the hinged structures to maintain the stability of the arm shape of the lateral extension section.

[0211] In this embodiment, as Figure 20 As shown, the extended mining device includes a main body, a lateral extension section, an extended arm 122, and a crushing assembly 11. The lateral extension section comprises multiple short sections connected by hinged structures, with an angle locking mechanism 226 installed at each hinge. When the lateral extension section enters the branch shaft, the angle locking mechanism 226 locks the hinged structures, maintaining the stability of the lateral extension section's arm shape. The angle locking mechanism 226 includes a locking actuator 2261 and a locking groove 2262. The locking actuator 2261 can controllably insert into or retract from the locking groove 2262. When the lateral extension section enters the branch shaft, the angle locking mechanism 226 locks the hinged structures, maintaining the stability of the lateral extension section's arm shape and providing a stable mining environment for the extended arm 122.

[0212] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 21 As shown, the extended mining device includes an extended mining assembly 233 for clearing, shoveling, or grabbing ore and a mining drive mechanism 233a for driving the extended mining assembly 233. The mining drive mechanism 233a is used to drive the extended mining assembly 233 to move within the branch well 12. The hydraulic shears shown in the figure can serve as the extended mining assembly 233 with grabbing or rock-splitting functions.

[0213] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 22As shown, the extended operating device includes an extended acquisition device, which comprises an extended acquisition assembly 91, a control mechanism, and an acquisition arm 94. The extended acquisition assembly 91 is mounted on the acquisition arm 94, and the control mechanism is used to drive the acquisition arm 94 to achieve extension. The extended acquisition assembly 91 includes one or more of a rake, a chuck suction device 92, a ore suction pipe 95, a shovel, and a bucket.

[0214] In this embodiment, a grappling hook device 92 is used to pick up ore particles and suck them into the collecting arm 94. A first motor 93 is also provided at the rear of the collecting grappling hook device 92. The first motor 93 is connected to the collecting grappling hook device 92 for driving and stirring the ore particles to facilitate the suction or collection of minerals. The collecting arm 94 is provided with a through channel, and a ore suction pipe 95 is provided inside the through channel. The ore suction pipe 95 is connected to the return channel 14.

[0215] When using a reaming bit as an extended mining device, after the reaming bit is inserted into the branch shaft, its blades (i.e., the end or near the end of the extended mining assembly 233) are deployed. The three-dimensional extended mining device is then controlled to move back and forth, dragging the reaming bit within the branch shaft to scrape the shaft wall, thus enlarging the branch shaft. During each unidirectional movement of the reaming bit, the blade deployment amplitude remains constant. When the reaming bit's direction of movement is changed, the blade deployment amplitude is increased to further increase the enlargement range. Finally, after repeated movements of the reaming bit, the branch shaft is enlarged to form a tunnel, and scattered veins within the rock strata are scraped off. When using a rock-crushing assembly to break the rock, the extended mining assembly 233 or the crushing assembly needs to clean or re-crush the ore broken by the rock-crushing assembly.

[0216] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the extended working device includes the extended acquisition device, the extended acquisition device includes an acquisition assembly, a control mechanism and an extension assembly, the acquisition assembly is mounted at the end of the extension assembly, and the control mechanism is used to drive the extension assembly to achieve extension;

[0217] The acquisition assembly is configured as follows: the acquisition assembly includes one or more of a rake, shovel, skip, shovel, or bucket for clearing, shoveling, or grabbing large pieces of ore; the acquisition assembly also includes an acquisition drive mechanism for driving the acquisition assembly to perform clamping, shoveling, and other loading actions; and / or, the acquisition assembly is a suction pipe, which is disposed inside the extension assembly, or the suction pipe is fixedly connected to the front of the extension assembly, and the suction pipe is used to suck up ore particles within the chamber area under the drive of the extension assembly.

[0218] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the extended working device is an extended acquisition device, the extended acquisition device including a traveling assembly capable of driving it to move within the process well 16, or the extended acquisition device including a traveling device capable of driving the extended acquisition device to move within the process well 16.

[0219] The extended acquisition device includes a three-dimensional extended arm 122 (i.e., an extended assembly), which is used to achieve three-dimensional volumetric crushing with controllable form and to collect ore particles in the chamber; the three-dimensional extended arm 122 includes a controlled drive mechanism, which is used to drive the three-dimensional extended arm 122 to drive the primary crushing assembly to move in a controllable manner.

[0220] The extended acquisition device has at least one minimum cross-section, the equivalent diameter of which is smaller than the inner diameter of the process well 16, so that the extended acquisition device can enter the chamber and / or the process well 16;

[0221] The extended collection device includes a collection assembly for clearing, shoveling or grabbing ore, so as to collect, move, grab or clear the ore;

[0222] The extended acquisition device further includes a traveling assembly capable of driving it to move within the process well 16, or the extended acquisition device further includes a traveling device capable of driving the extended acquisition device to move within the process well 16; the chamber is connected to the wellhead of the process well 16, and the process well 16 includes a particle flow lifting channel through which ore particles in the chamber are discharged outside the wellhead of the process well 16.

[0223] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 23 to 25 As shown, the ore particle lifting system 90 includes a re-crushing device 74, after which the ore particles are crushed by the re-crushing device 74 and conveyed to the return channel 14. Through staged crushing, rocks can be broken into small fragments, or even smaller-scale powders, increasing the stability of the particle flow and facilitating the transport of ore particles to the surface in the form of a particle flow. The re-crushing device 74 includes a crushing section, a shell, and a drive mechanism; the crushing section is a jaw, rod, roller, cone, or crushing rotor; the outer diameter of the shell is less than 2 meters and can pass through the process shaft 16; the drive mechanism is an electric motor, hydraulic motor, or pneumatic motor. The re-crushing device 74 can perform secondary crushing on ore or rock crushed by the extended mining device, or it can directly crush rocks falling into the mine shaft. The secondary crushing device serves as a means of reducing the particle size of the crushed rock before it enters the pipeline. In this invention, regardless of the crushing method chosen, the crushed rock is more likely to enter the ore particle lifting system 90 more smoothly and be lifted to the shaft opening.

[0224] In this embodiment, the housing includes an input end and an output end. The inlet end of the housing communicates with the chamber, and the output end communicates with the return channel 14. The crushing part is disposed inside the housing. When the crushing part is a jaw or a rod, the jaw or rod is hinged to the housing through the driving mechanism. Under the drive of the driving mechanism, the jaw or rod moves open and close along an axis away from or close to the housing. The driving mechanism is connected to a power source outside the wellhead through a power line. Alternatively, when the crushing part is a roller, the roller is rotatably connected to the housing and is drive-connected to the driving mechanism. The mechanism is connected to a power source outside the wellhead via a power line; or, when the crushing part is a cone, the cone is rotatably or oscillatingly connected to the housing, the maximum diameter of the cone is smaller than the inner diameter of the process well 16, the cone is driven by the drive mechanism, and the drive mechanism is connected to a power source outside the wellhead via a power line; or, when the crushing part is a stone crushing rotor, the stone crushing rotor is rotatably connected to the housing, the diameter of the stone crushing rotor is smaller than the inner diameter of the process well 16, the stone crushing rotor is driven by the drive mechanism, and the drive mechanism is connected to a power source outside the wellhead via a power line.

[0225] The re-crushing device 74 can be used to directly re-crush large pieces of ore that have fallen, or to re-crush large pieces of ore collected by the collection device. Its advantage is that the crushing assembly 11 can crush the average equivalent diameter of the ore to within one-third of the diameter of the return channel 14, or even to powder form a slurry with the fluid in the chamber, significantly improving the efficiency of ore particle lifting within the shaft.

[0226] Furthermore, the re-crushing device 74 is disposed at the front end of the return channel 14, and the outlet end of the re-crushing device 74 is sealed to the return channel 14; when the crushing part is a jaw or a rod, the jaw or rod moves open and close along an axis away from or near the front end of the return channel 14 under the drive of the driving mechanism; or, when the crushing part is a roller, the diameter of the roller is smaller than the inner diameter of the process well 16 used to accommodate the return channel 14, and the rotation axis of the roller is set along the axis of the front end of the return channel 14; or, when the crushing part is a cone, the maximum diameter of the cone is smaller than the inner diameter of the process well 16 used to accommodate the return channel 14, and the mounting axis of the cone is set along the axis of the front end of the return channel 14; or, when the crushing part is a stone crushing rotor, the diameter of the stone crushing rotor is smaller than the inner diameter of the process well 16 used to accommodate the return channel 14, and the rotation axis of the stone crushing rotor is set along the axis of the front end of the return channel 14.

[0227] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 26 and Figure 27 As shown, the extended arm achieves control of at least two degrees of freedom through a controllable hinge structure 227. At least two controllable hinge structures 227 with different deflection directions are installed on the extended arm 122. At least two crushing assemblies 11 are installed along the extended arm 122: the two crushing assemblies 11 are located at different positions on the extended arm 122 to increase the crushing range of the extended arm 122, enabling a wider range of crushing capacity on the extended arm 122, facilitating the expansion of the chamber; or, the at least two crushing assemblies 11 are at least two tunneling heads, arranged coaxially and rotating in opposite directions. As a preferred design, in this embodiment, one of the crushing assemblies 11 has lateral crushing capability to increase the crushing capacity in the middle of the extended arm 122, and the other crushing assembly 11 is located at the end of the extended arm 122.

[0228] Furthermore, the controlled-morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells includes at least one of the aforementioned extended mining devices and at least one auxiliary mining device; the auxiliary mining device includes an in-situ primary crushing device and an in-situ secondary crushing device, and the extended mining device can also be configured as an auxiliary mining device. A combined configuration of at least one of the aforementioned extended mining devices and at least one auxiliary mining device includes: an in-situ primary crushing device and an extended mining device, wherein the in-situ primary crushing device and the extended mining device are respectively used for initial rock crushing and further crushing the rock into smaller particles based on the initial crushing; or, an extended mining device and an in-situ secondary crushing device, wherein the extended mining device and the in-situ secondary crushing device are respectively used for initial rock crushing and further crushing the rock into smaller particles based on the initial crushing; or, at least two extended mining devices, wherein the two extended mining devices are respectively used for initial rock crushing and further crushing the rock into smaller particles based on the initial crushing.

[0229] In one optional embodiment of the invention, at least two extended working devices may be included. These at least two extended working devices are capable of moving along the process well 16 under the drive of a traveling device or tubing string and cooperating with the extended mining device. In one specific embodiment, three extended working devices may be used to enter the chamber sequentially for construction, including two extended mining devices and one extended acquisition device; wherein, as... Figure 40 As shown, the first unit can be used as an in-situ primary crushing device 70; as Figure 41 As shown, the second unit can be used as an in-situ secondary crushing device 60; as Figure 42 As shown, the third unit can be used as an extended acquisition device. The two extended operation devices are driven by their respective travel modules or pipe columns, and the two extended mining devices are located in the same chamber 121 to work together.

[0230] In this embodiment, as Figures 40 to 42As shown, the in-situ primary crushing device 70, the in-situ secondary crushing device 60, and the extended collection device can each include a front-end extension assembly and a lateral extension section 125. The lateral extension section 125 includes multiple short sections 228 connected by hinged structures. An angle locking mechanism 226 is provided at the hinge position. The extended arm 122 operates in the strip-shaped chamber 121 under the drive of the drive mechanism. During operation, the first extended mining device, used as the in-situ primary crushing device 70, gradually crushes the rock on the wall of the chamber 121 through the rock-breaking assembly to achieve the mining of large pieces of ore. Then, the second extended mining device, used as the in-situ secondary crushing device 60, enters the chamber 121 to further crush the falling large pieces of ore. Finally, the extended collection device is lowered in and sucks out the ore particles through the ore suction pipe.

[0231] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 28 to 30 As shown, the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphological mining system also includes an in-situ primary crushing device 70 for pre-crushing the rock. The extended mining device is used to perform secondary crushing on the rock crushed by the in-situ primary crushing device to achieve a transportable block size. The in-situ primary crushing device 70 includes a traveling assembly that can drive it to move within the process well 16, or the in-situ primary crushing device 70 includes a traveling device that can drive it to move within the process well 16, or the in-situ primary crushing device 70 is connected to the front end of the tubing string 80. The in-situ primary crushing device 70 can move along the process well 16 under the drive of the traveling assembly, the traveling device, or the tubing string 80 and work in coordination with the extended mining device. The in-situ primary crushing device 70 includes a rock-splitting assembly, which is used for preliminary crushing of the rock mass near the mining location. The extended mining device has a crushing assembly 11 installed at the front end of the extended assembly, which is used for secondary crushing of the rock. The in-situ primary crushing device 70 and the extended mining device are driven by their respective traveling assemblies, traveling devices, or tubular columns 80. The operating position of the in-situ primary crushing device is within 30 meters of the mining position of the extended mining device. The in-situ primary crushing device 70 and the extended mining device operate sequentially or synchronously. The in-situ primary crushing device 70 significantly reduces the difficulty of crushing ore, especially by cutting or creating fractures, which effectively unloads internal stress in the rock and reduces its resistance to crushing.

[0232] Furthermore, the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system also includes a process well system with a vertical depth section and a horizontal displacement section. The process well system includes a main process well 16a and multiple auxiliary process wells 16b, with the auxiliary process wells 16b connected to the main process well 16a. The in-situ primary crushing device 70 is installed in the auxiliary process well 16b and is used to crush or fracture ore according to the extension trajectory of the auxiliary process well 16b to form the chamber with a controllable morphology. The auxiliary process well 16b is a controllable trajectory branch well, or a branch well formed by directional side-drilling, or a branch well formed by directional window opening followed by side-drilling; the auxiliary process well 16b is drilled and formed by a controllable trajectory ultra-short radius directional drilling tool, a radial well drilling tool, a coiled tubing directional drilling tool, or a wellbore in-situ mining auxiliary device; the auxiliary process well 16b includes a build-up section with a turning radius of less than 30 meters; the auxiliary process well 16b includes an extension section whose central axis is at an angle between 20° and 90° to the central axis of the main process well 16a. The in-situ primary crushing includes a rock-splitting assembly, which can be a static pressure rock-splitting assembly, a convective rock-splitting assembly, a hydraulic fracturing assembly, a compressed gas rock-splitting assembly, an electric rock-splitting assembly, or a jet rock-splitting assembly. The process well is also equipped with a power line for transmitting pressure energy and / or electrical energy to the rock-splitting assembly, with both ends of the power line connected to the rock-splitting assembly and a power source outside the wellhead, respectively. Alternatively, the rock-splitting assembly can be a deflagration rock-splitting assembly, and the process well is also equipped with a power line for transmitting chemical energy or high-energy gas to the rock-splitting assembly, with both ends of the power line connected to the rock-splitting assembly and a power source outside the wellhead, respectively. Alternatively, the rock-splitting assembly can be a blasting rock-splitting assembly, and the in-situ primary crushing device 70 includes a storage chamber for storing blasting devices.

[0233] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system further includes an in-situ secondary crushing device; the in-situ secondary crushing device 60 includes a traveling assembly capable of driving it to move within the process well 16, or the in-situ secondary crushing device 60 includes a traveling device capable of driving it to move within the process well 16, or the in-situ secondary crushing device 60 is connected to the front end of the tubing string 80; the in-situ secondary crushing device 60 can move along the process well 16 under the drive of the traveling assembly, the traveling device, or the tubing string 80 and work in coordination with the extended mining device. The in-situ secondary crushing device 60 includes a crushing assembly, which is used to extend into the chamber or perform secondary crushing on fallen rocks or large rocks extracted by the extended crushing device inside the chamber. The extended mining device and the in-situ secondary crushing device 60 are driven by their respective traveling assemblies, traveling devices, or tubing 80. The extended mining device and the in-situ secondary crushing device work together simultaneously or sequentially in the same chamber.

[0234] Furthermore, the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system also includes a collaborative well group, which comprises at least two parallel process well sections. The distance between the at least two parallel process well sections is less than 30 meters, and they can achieve collaborative operation. The central axes of the two process well sections are parallel or approximately parallel. The two parallel process well sections are respectively used to house the extended mining device and the in-situ secondary crushing device 60. The in-situ secondary crushing device 60 is used to directly re-crush large pieces of ore that have fallen, or to re-crush large pieces of ore collected by the collection device. The advantage is that the crushing assembly can crush the average equivalent diameter of the ore to within 1 / 3 of the diameter of the return channel 14, or even crush it into powder to form a slurry with the fluid in the well chamber, significantly improving the efficiency of ore particle lifting in the wellbore.

[0235] Specifically, the in-situ secondary crushing device 60 includes a crushing assembly and a power assembly. The in-situ secondary crushing device 60 also includes a fixing device or a supporting device. The crushing assembly is a reamer assembly, a jaw crusher assembly, or an impact crusher assembly.

[0236] When the crushing assembly is a reamer assembly, the reamer assembly includes a reamer, the diameter of which is smaller than the inner diameter of the process well 16, the rotation axis of which is arranged along the axis of the front end of the return channel 14, the reamer assembly is connected to the power assembly for transmission, and the power assembly is connected to a power source outside the wellhead through a power line;

[0237] Alternatively, when the crushing assembly is a jaw crusher assembly, the jaw crusher assembly includes a connecting body and a crushing jaw, the crushing jaw is hinged to the connecting body, the power assembly is connected to the connecting body and the crushing jaw respectively, the crushing jaw moves open and close along an axis away from or near the front end of the return channel 14 under the drive of the power assembly, and the power assembly is connected to a power source outside the wellhead through a power line;

[0238] Alternatively, when the crushing assembly is an impact crushing assembly, the impact crushing assembly includes an impact head and an impact equipment body. The impact head is slidably connected to the impact equipment body and is driven by the power assembly. The impact head reciprocates along the axis of the front end of the extension assembly under the drive of the power assembly. The power assembly is connected to a power source outside the wellhead through a power line.

[0239] Additionally, the fracturing assembly may include a rock-splitting assembly, which may be configured as a static pressure rock-splitting assembly, a shaped charge rock-splitting assembly, a hydraulic fracturing assembly, a high-energy gas rock-splitting assembly, an electric rock-splitting assembly, or a jet rock-splitting assembly. The process well 16 is also provided with a power line for transmitting pressure energy and / or electrical energy and / or chemical energy to the rock-splitting assembly. The downhole end of the power line is arranged along the extension assembly and connected to the rock-splitting assembly, and the other end of the power line is connected to a power source outside the wellhead. Alternatively, the rock-splitting assembly may be configured as a blasting rock-splitting assembly, and the in-situ primary fracturing device 70 includes a storage chamber for storing blasting devices. The end of the extension assembly is provided with a robotic arm for arranging the blasting devices.

[0240] Furthermore, the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system includes at least two extended mining devices. The two extended mining devices can move along the process well 16 where they are located under the drive of the traveling assembly, traveling device or tubing string 80 and work in coordination with the extended mining device; or, the two extended mining devices can work in coordination in the same chamber simultaneously or sequentially.

[0241] Furthermore, the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system also includes an inter-equipment communication device for communication between at least two sets of the extended mining equipment. The inter-equipment communication device includes underwater acoustic communication, wireless communication, magnetic communication, and / or laser communication.

[0242] Furthermore, the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system also includes an equipment positioning device, which is used to determine the spatial positional relationship between the at least two sets of extended mining devices.

[0243] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the extended mining device further includes a three-dimensional extension mechanism and a fixing device and / or locking device for preventing the three-dimensional extension mechanism from tipping over or rolling. The fixing device includes a fixing component that reciprocates radially along the process well 16 and a reciprocating drive component that drives the fixing component to reciprocate. The fixing component is connected to the equipment body of the extended mining device and / or to a fixed object inside the process well 16. When the fixing device is pressed against or locked between the equipment body of the extended mining device and the inner wall of the process well 16, the position of the extended mining device is fixed by the fixing device.

[0244] Alternatively, the fixing device includes a controllable opening and closing fixing component for preventing the three-dimensional extension mechanism from tipping over or rolling, and a driving component for driving the fixing component to open and close relative to the equipment body of the extended mining device. The fixing device is connected to the equipment body of the extended mining device, and the fixing component is hinged to the equipment body of the extended mining device. When the driving component drives the fixing component to open relative to the equipment body of the extended mining device, it presses against or locks between the equipment body of the extended mining device and the inner wall of the process well 16 to achieve fixation; otherwise, it releases the fixation.

[0245] Alternatively, the fixing device includes two guide structures that slide relative to each other along the axial direction of the process well, and the two guide structures are respectively fixedly connected to the equipment body of the extended mining device and to the fixing object inside the process well 16;

[0246] Alternatively, the fixing device includes at least one support mechanism disposed at the front end of the extended mining device. The support mechanism includes a support rod rotatably connected to the extended mining device and a retraction drive mechanism for driving the support rod to rotate. The support rod is a rod with a fixed length or a telescopic rod with controlled extension and retraction.

[0247] Alternatively, when the equipment body of the extended mining device or the lateral extension of the extended assembly includes multiple controllable sections, the equipment body of the extended mining device or the lateral extension of the extended assembly may also be configured as a fixing device, wherein the controllable sections include joint control components for driving the multiple controllable sections to controllably buckle against the well wall.

[0248] Furthermore, the extended mining unit includes a travel module, which comprises an external drilling tool and a transfer string connecting the drilling tool and the extended mining unit. The drilling tool drives the extended mining unit to move within the process well via the transfer string. Additionally, the travel module may also include a traction rope, traction cable, or traction rod connected to the extended mining unit; and / or a pulley rotatably connected to the extended mining unit and a drive motor for rotating the pulley.

[0249] Furthermore, when the fixing device includes a fixing component and a reciprocating drive component, wherein: the fixing component is a claw, and the reciprocating drive component is a telescopic control module connected between the equipment body and the claw; or the fixing component is a support mechanism connected to the equipment body, and the reciprocating drive component is a push-pull control module hinged between the support mechanism and the equipment body; or the fixing component is a pin that slides with the equipment body, and the reciprocating drive component is a sliding drive module that drives the pin to slide, and the fixing object in the well wall of the process well 16 or the process well is also provided with a slot for the pin to be inserted.

[0250] Furthermore, when the fixing device includes a fixing component and a reciprocating drive component, the equipment body includes at least two crawling sections arranged along the axial direction of the process well 16. Each crawling section is provided with a fixing device. The two adjacent crawling sections are connected by a telescopic structure that controls the extension and retraction along the axial direction of the process well 16. The two relatively moving parts of the telescopic structure are respectively connected to the two crawling sections. The telescopic structure and the two adjacent crawling sections cooperate to form the traveling module that drives the extended mining device to move along the process well.

[0251] Furthermore, when the fixing device includes two guide structures that slide against each other, the two guide structures are respectively: a guide groove formed on the fixing object inside the process well 16 and a protrusion provided on the side of the equipment body, the guide groove extending along the length direction of the process well, the protrusion slidingly engaging with the guide groove, and at least one set of the mutually engaging protrusion and guide groove; or a guide strip provided on the fixing object inside the process well 16 and a groove formed on the side of the equipment body, the guide strip extending along the length direction of the process well 16, the guide strip slidingly engaging with the groove, and at least one set of the mutually engaging guide strip and groove.

[0252] Furthermore, a tubular column for the well extension mining equipment is fixedly installed inside the process well 16. The well extension mining equipment moves to the mining position through the through hole of the tubular column. The well extension mining equipment also includes a fixing device for preventing the three-dimensional extension mechanism from tilting or rolling. The fixing device includes an electromagnet installed on the inner wall of the tubular column. The equipment body of the three-dimensional extension mechanism is made of metal that magnetically engages with the electromagnet, or the equipment body of the three-dimensional extension mechanism is fixedly connected to a magnetic component that magnetically engages with the electromagnet.

[0253] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the extended working device further includes a device body and a support device for supporting and preventing the device from overturning. The support device can extend within the chamber to support the extended working device and prevent it from overturning. The support device includes controllable telescopic or opening / closing support legs, or a controllable bending device body. The support device includes a control mechanism with at least one degree of freedom to control the overall extended mining device in a retracted and extended state, or to control the extended mining device to increase its mining operation range, i.e., switching between a first state of passing through the process well and a second state of mining operations. The extendable support device can support the extended working device within the chamber. Since the space within the chamber is larger than the wellbore, the lever arm of the support device bearing the reaction force of the extended working device is longer, thus better supporting the extended working device.

[0254] Furthermore, such as Figure 31As shown, the support device 40 of the extended mining device is mounted on the extended arm 122. The support device 40 is hinged to the extended arm 122. A joint motor is provided at the joint between the support device 40 and the extended arm 122, or a hydraulic cylinder is provided between the support device 40 and the extended arm 122 to drive the support device 40 and the extended arm 122 to perform opening and closing movements. An in-situ secondary crushing device 60 is provided at the bottom of the extended mining device.

[0255] Furthermore, such as Figure 32 As shown, the jet-fracturing assembly 243 is configured as a mining assembly to achieve ore crushing via jet flow. To address the issue of unstable ore block size and particle size resulting from this method, an in-situ secondary crushing device 60 is installed at the bottom of the extended mining device. In this embodiment, the in-situ secondary crushing device 92 is driven by a motor, and both the motor and drive shaft are hollow structures. The fluid supply pipe of the jet-fracturing assembly 243 passes through the hollow structures of the motor and drive shaft. In this embodiment, the extended mining device is connected to a coiled tubing or tubing string facing the wellhead. A high-pressure pump located outside the wellhead provides high-pressure fluid to the extended mining device through the coiled tubing or tubing string.

[0256] In another alternative embodiment of the invention, such as Figures 33 to 36 As shown, the three-dimensional extension mechanism has a lateral extension section, which includes multiple hinged short section housings. A drive shaft 234c passes through the interior of the multiple short section housings, and the drive shaft 234c is connected to each short section housing through bearings. The drive shaft 234c is powered by a second motor 234a, which enables the three-dimensional extension mechanism to move inside the wellbore.

[0257] Specifically, such as Figures 33 to 36 As shown, the front end of the drive shaft 234c is connected to the mining assembly, and the middle part of the drive shaft 234c is connected to the in-situ secondary crushing device 60. Specifically, the connection method can be as follows: the gear ring 1109 is fixedly connected to the in-situ secondary crushing device 60; the sun gear 1107 is sleeved on the outside of the drive shaft 234c and fixedly connected to it; the gear ring 1109 is arranged around the outer circumference of the sun gear 1107; and multiple planetary gears 1108 are arranged circumferentially between the gear ring 1109 and the sun gear 1107. The teeth on the planetary gears 1108 mesh with the teeth on the gear ring 1109 and the sun gear 1107, respectively. The planetary gears 1108 are used for intermediate transmission, transmitting the power of the sun gear 1107 to the gear ring 1109. During the operation, the process well 16 is first drilled through the lateral extension section, followed by the excavation of chamber 121. Specifically, a retreat excavation method can be used, where the lateral extension section is withdrawn while chamber 121 is being excavated. In this embodiment, the traveling mechanism can be a tubing string 80, which provides torque for wellbore movement or balancing operations.

[0258] In this embodiment, as Figure 34 As shown, the lateral extension section includes multiple articulated controllable sections 221. Each controllable section 221 includes a controllable articulated structure, which achieves deflection control and angle locking through a joint control component 2211. The joint control component is used to drive the multiple controllable sections 221 to controllably buckle against the well wall. During operation, the multiple articulated controllable sections 221 in the lateral extension section increase their contact points and contact force with the well wall in a bent or spiral shape, thereby fixing them inside the well wall and providing a stable environment for mining operations. This fixing method does not require claws or rods, so its advantage also lies in enabling unimpeded withdrawal in complex underground conditions.

[0259] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the extended working device includes a traveling module, which is a component of the device body of the extended working device, or the traveling module is an independent module detachably connected to the device body of the extended working device. The traveling module includes a fixing component and a reciprocating drive component. The fixing component is a chuck, and the reciprocating drive component is a telescopic control module connected between the device body of the extended working device and the chuck; or, the fixing component is a support leg connected to the device body of the extended working device, and the reciprocating drive component is a push-pull control module hinged between the support leg and the device body of the extended working device; or, the fixing component is a pin that slides with the device body of the extended working device, and the reciprocating drive component is a sliding drive module that drives the pin to slide. The well wall or the channel well... The internal fixings are also provided with slots for inserting pins; or, the equipment body of the extended working device includes several controllable sections that are hinged to each other, and each controllable section is provided with a controllable hinge structure and / or a freely movable hinge structure; the equipment body of the extended working device is provided with a traveling assembly; when the lateral extension of the equipment body of the extended working device or the extended assembly includes multiple controllable sections, the lateral extension of the equipment body of the extended working device or the extended assembly can also be configured as a fixing device, and the controllable section includes a joint control component for driving the multiple controllable sections to controllably buckle against the well wall.

[0260] Furthermore, the travel module includes a crawling structure. When the crawling mechanism drives the main body of the device to move, at least two support mechanisms are provided along the length of the flexible mining machine. The crawling mechanism is connected between two adjacent support mechanisms. The crawling mechanism is configured as follows: the crawling mechanism includes at least two crawling arms connected in a hinged manner, and the two crawling arms at both ends are respectively hinged to two adjacent support mechanisms. A crawling drive structure is connected between the mutually hinged crawling arms and the support mechanisms, as well as between the two mutually hinged crawling arms; or the crawling mechanism includes a telescopic crawling section, and the two ends of the telescopic crawling section are respectively connected to two adjacent support mechanisms; or the travel module is a crawling device, which is connected to any position in the extended working device, or is detachably connected to the extended working device. The crawling device is any form of pipe crawler, used to drive the extended working device to move along the process well.

[0261] Furthermore, the controlled-formation mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells also includes a traction device, which is connected to the extended mining device. The traction device includes a traction cable, a locking device, a traction string, a reverse discharge pipe, or a traction rod. When the traction device drives the device body to move, the traction device includes a traction cable, a traction chain, a traction string, or a traction rod connected to the device body, and a traction power device for providing traction power. The crawling device is connected to the device body and moves the device body by repeatedly extending and retracting. When the traction device is a traction string, a reverse discharge pipe, or a traction rod, the controlled-formation mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells also includes a pipe-laying machine for retrieving the traction string, reverse discharge pipe, or traction rod. The pipe-laying machine is located outside the wellhead of the process well 16 and drags the traction string, reverse discharge pipe, or traction rod by retrieving them from the top, allowing the traction string, reverse discharge pipe, or traction rod to advance together with the extended mining device. It should be noted that the direction of progress here refers to the direction of the mining face, that is, the direction pointing towards the mine entrance.

[0262] Furthermore, the deep formation fluid-filled wellbore controlled-form mining system includes a traction device capable of transporting the extended mining equipment to the working position via the process well 16. The traction device includes a power line, is disposed within the wellbore, and is positioned along the wellbore towards the wellhead of the extended mining equipment, for providing or transmitting power to the extended mining equipment.

[0263] Furthermore, the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system includes a traction device, which is connected to the extended mining device and is located along the wellbore towards the wellhead of the extended mining device. The traction device includes a traction cable, rigging, or traction rod.

[0264] Furthermore, the ore particle lifting system 90 includes a return flow pipe and / or a low-density particle flow injection pipe and / or a tunneling working fluid injection pipe.

[0265] Furthermore, the ore particle hoisting system 90 also includes a pipe handling system or a pipe winding and rewinding system for retrieving or winding up the return pipe and / or the low-density mixed particle flow injection pipe and / or the tunneling working fluid injection pipe, so that the return pipe and / or the low-density mixed particle flow injection pipe and / or the tunneling working fluid injection pipe advance synchronously with the extended mining device; when the power line is integrally connected with the return pipe and / or the low-density particle flow injection pipe and / or the tunneling working fluid injection pipe, the pipe handling system or the pipe winding and rewinding system is the power line winding and rewinding device; the power line is set inside the return pipe and / or the low-density particle flow injection pipe and / or the tunneling working fluid injection pipe, or the power line is set inside the pipe wall of the return pipe and / or the low-density particle flow injection pipe and / or the tunneling working fluid injection pipe, or the power line is fixed outside the pipe wall of the return pipe and / or the low-density particle flow injection pipe and / or the tunneling working fluid injection pipe.

[0266] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the extended mining device further includes a power line. The power line is structured as a flexible cable or a rigid pipeline; the power line includes one or more of the following: electrical cable, hydraulic pipeline, high-pressure fluid pipeline, chemical agent pipeline, or pneumatic pipeline; the energy transmitted by the power line includes electrical energy, pressure energy, or chemical energy; one end of the power line is connected to the underground extended mining device, and the other end of the power line is connected to a power source outside the wellhead; the energy provided by the power line to the underground extended mining device includes electrical energy, pressure energy, and / or chemical energy.

[0267] Furthermore, the power line includes a tubing string for transmitting pressure energy, and the wellhead extended mining device also includes a downhole generator; the tubing string is used to transport support fluid or other circulating fluids, and the fluid inlet of the downhole generator is connected to the tubing string to introduce support fluid or other circulating fluids into the tubing string; the power output terminal of the downhole generator is electrically connected to the travel module or drive mechanism to convert the pressure energy of the support fluid or other circulating fluids into electrical energy to supply power to the travel module or drive mechanism inside the wellhead extended mining device.

[0268] Furthermore, the power line includes a cable for transmitting electrical energy, and the shaft extension mining device also includes a hydraulic station. The hydraulic station is electrically connected to a power source located outside the shaft opening via a power line. The hydraulic station is hydraulically connected to the travel module, drive mechanism, crushing assembly, mining assembly, or rock-splitting assembly inside the shaft extension mining device, and is used to convert electrical energy into hydraulic energy to provide hydraulic energy to the travel module, drive mechanism, crushing assembly, mining assembly, or rock-splitting assembly inside the shaft extension mining device.

[0269] In an optional embodiment of the invention, the extended mining device can extend the crushing assembly 11 by at least three times the radius of the process well 16. The crushing assembly 11 is a rotary crusher or an impact crusher. When the crushing assembly 11 is a rotary crushing tool, the rotary crushing tool includes a reamer, a tunneling head, or a cutting head. The major axis of the cross-section of the extended mining device perpendicular to its own length direction is less than or equal to 3 times the maximum diameter of the reamer, the tunneling head, or the cutting head. The length of the extended arm 122 is greater than 5 times the diameter of the reamer, the tunneling head, or the cutting head. The maximum diameter of the reamer, the tunneling head, or the cutting head is 30%-95% of the inner diameter of the process well 16. When the crushing assembly 11 is an impact crushing tool, the impact crushing tool includes an impact pick or a chisel. The major axis of the cross-section of the extended mining device perpendicular to its own length direction is less than or equal to 8 times the maximum diameter of the impact pick or the chisel. The length of the extended arm 122 is greater than 10 times the diameter of the impact pick or the chisel.

[0270] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system further includes a control terminal located outside the well and a wireless communication device or communication line for communication. Sensors are installed on the extended acquisition device, and the sensors transmit data to the control terminal via the wireless communication device or communication line. When communication is performed using the communication line, the communication line passes through the process well 16 or other process wells. The wellhead end of the communication line is communicatively connected to the control terminal, and the downhole end of the communication line is communicatively connected to sensors or detection devices installed on the extended mining device and / or the extended acquisition device. The detection devices are installed on the extended mining device and / or the extended acquisition device, and include video detection modules, radar, sonar, and / or lidar, and are communicatively connected to the control terminal. The sensors include flow meters, ore particle concentration meters, current sensors, voltage sensors, laser detection devices, acoustic detection devices, and / or electromagnetic detection devices. The sensors are used to detect the operating status of the extended mining device and / or the extended acquisition device, the morphology of the chamber, and / or the state of the rock mass.

[0271] In this embodiment, as Figure 31 As shown, an acoustic detection device 43 is installed on the outer surface of the mining arm and / or the equipment body. The acoustic detection device 43 includes an acoustic detection control module and a transducer. An array acoustic transducer and a phased array sonar are installed on the outside of the extended assembly. The sonar uses piezoelectric ceramic transducers and / or MEMS transducers. The advantages of using piezoelectric ceramic transducers are their strong pressure resistance, high emission energy, and high sensitivity. MEMS transducers are preferred to form a phased array, which can be installed on mining arms with a diameter range of 200-1000 mm, and a dense array layout can be achieved on the outside of the extended arm. The acoustic detection control module can realize multi-frequency excitation, which is beneficial to overcome impurities of different sizes in the well. The acoustic transducer can realize multiple detections and signal superposition, which is beneficial to improve the detection accuracy in the fluid-filled well. The acoustic detection device is communicatively connected to a positioning system or motion sensor, which compensates for the interference caused by the movement of the extended assembly and the extended mining device. In summary, the use of an acoustic detection device is a reasonable and high-quality option for detection within a fluid-filled well. Furthermore, the detection device includes a gamma detector, a neutron detector, a passive density detector, or an active density detector installed inside the mining arm, used to accurately detect the surrounding rock within the fluid-filled well chamber, facilitating guidance of the mining location.

[0272] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 23 As shown, the ore particle lifting system 90 has an ore particle inlet, which is located in front of, to the side of or below the extended mining device, the extended collection device and / or the re-crushing device.

[0273] In this embodiment, the ore particle lifting system 90 further includes an ore particle screen, which is disposed at the inlet end of the return channel 14 or on the connecting path between the chamber 121 and the return channel 14. The ore particle screen is used to screen out ore particles that can be conveyed by the ore particle lifting system 90. When the ore particle lifting system 90 is a shaft hydraulic ore conveying system, the median value of the crushed particle size of the ore particles generated by the extended mining device and / or the extended collection device is less than 20% of the inner diameter of the conveying pipe or the discharge shaft, and the effective aperture of the ore particle screen is less than 30% of the inner diameter of the conveying pipe or the discharge shaft; or, when the ore particle lifting system 90 is a shaft mechanical ore conveying system, the median value of the crushed particle size of the ore particles generated by the extended mining device and / or the extended collection device is less than 50% of the inner diameter of the conveying pipe or the discharge shaft, and the effective aperture of the ore particle screen is less than 80% of the inner diameter of the conveying pipe or the discharge shaft.

[0274] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the interior of the crushing assembly 11 is provided with a flow channel, the port of which is used to spray fluid into the extended mining device or the rock near the crushing assembly; the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphological mining system further includes a circulating fluid pump, which is connected to the flow channel through a circulating fluid pipeline, and pumps fluid into the flow channel to achieve spraying onto the rock, thereby pre-crushing the rock.

[0275] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the ore particle lifting system 90 is a pumping lifting system, which further includes an ore particle pump installed underground. The ore particle pump is located in the middle or lower part of the return channel 14, and the outer diameter of the ore particle pump is smaller than the inner diameter of the process well 16.

[0276] In another optional embodiment of the present invention, the ore particle lifting system 90 is a pumping lifting system, the ore particle lifting system 90 includes a return channel 14 and an ore particle pump, the ore particle pump is installed on the extended mining device, and the ore particle pump is connected to the return channel 14.

[0277] In another optional embodiment of the present invention, the ore particle lifting system is a blending lifting system, which further includes a low-density particle flow injection channel and a low-density particle flow injection pump for conveying the low-density particle flow.

[0278] In another optional embodiment of the invention, such as Figure 23 As shown, the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system includes at least two process wells 16, one of which is an equipment access well with a through passage for raising or lowering the extended mining device; the other at least one process well 16 is a ore hoisting process well, which is equipped with an ore particle hoisting system 90.

[0279] In another optional embodiment of the invention, such as Figures 28 to 30As shown, the deep formation fluid-filled well-drilling controllable morphology mining system also includes at least two process wells 16, each of which serves as an equipment access well, with at least one well acting as a ore hoisting process well. In this embodiment, the tubing 80 located within the lowered process well 16 acts as a return pipe to discharge ore particles to the outside of the wellhead, or the annulus between the lower process well 16 containing the tubing 80 and the tubing 80 serves as a channel for returning ore particles. To further realize the large-scale development of the deposit, this invention employs multiple preset starting points along the equipment access well to operate in chambers 121, achieving mining in the form of multiple chambers 121. Here, chamber 121 has the same meaning as the chamber in the text. Mining is carried out in sections along the process well 16 in the form of a string of chambers, forming a string of chambers similar to a "candied hawthorn," significantly improving the utilization efficiency of the process well 16. After 16 process wells are networked together, a layered "honeycomb"-like group of chambers can be formed. For mineral deposits with huge thickness, mining can be carried out in the form of multi-layered chamber groups.

[0280] In an optional embodiment of the invention, such as Figure 37 and Figure 38 As shown, the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system also includes an extended filling device 96, used to isolate the mining space and filling space along the process well 16 to facilitate filling. The extended filling device 96 is one type of extended operation device, connected to the side of the extended mining device opposite to the direction of travel and moving synchronously with the extended mining device; or, the extended filling device 96 includes a traveling assembly that can drive its movement within the process well; or, the extended filling device includes a traveling device that can drive its movement within the process well; or, the extended filling device is driven by the tubing string 80. By setting up the extended filling device 96, the post-mining space can be filled in real time during the mining process, ensuring that the mining space is always a relatively small chamber 121, better adapting to the needs of deep formation mining. Avoiding large volumes of free space significantly improves the safety and stability of the deep formation mining process.

[0281] In this embodiment, as Figure 37 and Figure 38As shown, the extended filling device 96 includes a flexible baffle assembly; the flexible baffle assembly specifically includes an umbrella-shaped baffle assembly or a bladder-shaped baffle assembly; the umbrella-shaped baffle assembly is a controllable opening and closing umbrella-shaped baffle assembly, the umbrella-shaped baffle assembly includes an umbrella frame 961, a driving mechanism and flexible fabric 962, the driving mechanism is used to drive the umbrella-shaped baffle assembly to open or close; or, the bladder-shaped baffle assembly is a baffle bladder that can be controllably expanded and contracted; the bladder-shaped baffle assembly includes a bladder outer skin 963 and a fluid injection and drainage device 964, the fluid injection and drainage device 964 is used to control fluid injection and / or drainage, and to drive the bladder-shaped baffle assembly to expand to achieve baffle. During operation, the umbrella-shaped baffle assembly or the bladder-shaped baffle assembly can isolate the mining working space and the post-mining space, and can inject filling material into the post-mining space to support the post-mining space and prevent it from collapsing immediately, ensuring the safety of the extended mining device. The filling material used for filling the post-mining space can be, but is not limited to, cemented filling material, paste filling material, or granular filling material. The granular filling material is carried into the filling area by circulating fluid. In this embodiment, the filling material is injected as granular material for filling, or it can be an adhesive used for bonding. In this embodiment, the flexible fabric 962 can be, but is not limited to, a flexible fabric made of nylon, polymer, composite materials, or rubber.

[0282] Furthermore, the extended filling device 96 also includes a filling screen with a mesh structure, the filling screen having an inflow end and an outflow end, the inflow end and the outflow end of the filling screen being connected to both sides of the flexible partition assembly respectively.

[0283] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 39 As shown, this embodiment describes a mechanical ore particle hoisting system as an important form of the ore particle hoisting system 90. This mechanical ore particle hoisting system includes a process well 16, at least one of which is configured as a discharge well. This embodiment also includes a U-shaped well 17 for housing the ore particle hoisting system 90 and for hoisting ore particles, and another process well 16 is used as an equipment passageway well.

[0284] In addition, the mechanical ore particle hoisting system also includes a scraper conveying system or a chain bucket conveying system, which is installed in a discharge shaft with an inner diameter of less than 1 meter, and the discharge shaft is connected to the pit 121. In this embodiment, the scraper conveying system includes a scraper 340 and a chain 341. The scraper 340 is connected to the chain 341 and is driven by the chain 341. The ore mined by the extended mining device is transported to the outside of the shaft through the scraper 340 conveying system or the chain bucket conveying system in the discharge shaft.

[0285] Option Six

[0286] This invention provides a method for controlled-morphology mining of deep formation fluid-filled wells, which is implemented using the aforementioned controlled-morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells. The mining method includes the following steps:

[0287] Step S10: Drill process well 16;

[0288] Step S20: The extended working device is set at the working position of the process well 16, and the ore particle hoisting system 90 is at least partially set in the process well 16 and connected to the extended mining device;

[0289] Step S30: The extended operation device starts operation, and the ore particles are transported to the wellhead through the ore particle lifting system 90.

[0290] Option 7

[0291] This invention provides a method for controlled-morphology mining of deep formation fluid-filled wells, which is implemented using the aforementioned controlled-morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells. The mining method includes the following steps:

[0292] Step S10: Drill process well 16;

[0293] Step S20: Set an extended working device at the working position of the process well 16 for initial crushing;

[0294] Step S30: Set another extended operation device at the operation position of the process well 16 for re-crushing, and set at least part of the ore particle lifting system 90 in the process well 16 and connect it to the extended mining device;

[0295] Step S40: The extended operation device starts operation, and the ore particles are transported to the wellhead through the ore particle lifting system 90.

[0296] The features and advantages of the deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system and mining method of the present invention are as follows:

[0297] I. This invention enables safe and efficient three-dimensional controllable mining using fluid-filled wells. During the mining process, a dual-degree-of-freedom or multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm facilitates shape-controlled excavation. Along the wellbore, the wells are segmented and then grouped to form a network of fluid-filled wells with structural stability in deep formations. The controllable three-dimensional mining device achieved through this invention allows for precise sculpting within deep strata, eliminating the need for workers to enter the wells. Simultaneously, it cleverly utilizes the propping fluid within the network of access wells to provide hydraulic support to the well walls, reducing damage to the formation during mining and mitigating issues such as rock bursts, outbursts, roof falls, collapses, and water seepage. This enables large-scale mining of deep mineral deposits and those beneath ocean strata. Given the scattered distribution of metal deposits, this technology allows for a "snake-like" approach, systematically mining one well after another, achieving tunnel-free development.

[0298] 2. When using a lateral extension section to achieve three-dimensional controllable extended mining, the access shaft includes a channel shaft and several branch shafts with controllable trajectories connected to the channel shaft. The lateral extension section and the extended mining mechanism are guided by the wellbore trajectory of the branch shafts. Moreover, the diameter of the branch shafts is relatively small. When the lateral extension section extends into the branch shaft to carry out borehole enlargement and crushing operations, it makes full use of the guiding role of the branch shafts and can accurately crush in real time at a preset spatial position, guiding the extended mining device to accurately mine the ore in the deep strata. Furthermore, based on a network of branch wells, mining is carried out by expanding the space of the branch wells, which avoids the formation of concentrated goaf areas and prevents the concentrated goaf areas found in vertical shaft mining. Therefore, branch wells are used as a means to extend the mining range. The expansion arms are used to controllably expand the capacity of the branch wells. The mining process causes less damage to the rock strata and can maximize contact with the ore body to extract the ore as much as possible. The capacity can also be expanded to form tunnels or chambers as needed to improve the ore recovery effect. In addition, the method of gradually expanding the branch wells in this invention facilitates the monitoring of strata collapse. Since the damage to the strata is small, it can also achieve a larger three-dimensional extension.

[0299] Third, by employing three-dimensional extended mining methods or branch shaft guidance, preliminary ore stripping is achieved using a rock-splitting device. The ore stripped from the strata is then processed by a re-crushing device to achieve a controllable particle size before being hoisted using the shaft. This significantly reduces energy consumption in the mining of hard mineral deposits. By setting the turning radius and distribution density of the branch shafts, it is possible to accurately extend the mining area and improve mining efficiency while maintaining a relatively controllable post-mining tunnel diameter (0.5-5 meters).

[0300] IV. The equipment passage connects the wellhead to the mining location in the strata. The detection equipment enters the mining location through the passage well, which can assist in observing the mining operation information in the chamber and assist the workers outside the well to carry out mining work. The extended mining device includes a crushing device for excavating ore and a traveling module that drives the crushing device. The drive component drives the equipment body and the extended arm of the crushing device to move in two degrees of freedom. That is, the mining face can be formed by moving in two free directions. It can expand the mining working face with an area much larger than the cross-section of the passage well, and can smoothly mine the entire wall of the chamber.

[0301] The drive component can also control the overall retraction or deployment of the extended mining device, switching between different mining operations through the channel shaft. It can smoothly reach the mining location through the small-diameter channel shaft, allowing mining operations to be carried out without personnel going down into the mine. It can adapt to the needs of mining deep bottom layers and subsurface strata, that is, it can go down into the sea and then back into the ground for mineral development. In addition, this invention can develop small mineral deposits without vertical shafts or tunnels, making small mineral deposits that would otherwise not be economically viable have development value. It not only significantly reduces costs, but is also less susceptible to the effects of vibration, blasting, or goaf.

[0302] Fifth, using a crushing power assembly and a drive crushing assembly to crush stone is more conducive to unifying the power source and realizing a fully electric deep-earth mining system. It avoids the need to run complex high-pressure fluid pipelines, hydraulic pipelines, pneumatic pipelines, etc. underground, and is conducive to realizing three-dimensional extended mining in the form of multi-branch channel wells. In addition, the high power transmission efficiency and small space occupation help to reduce the demand for shaft space, which is crucial for shaft mining technology.

[0303] VI. The invention utilizes a controllable, expandable mining arm to excavate chambers in a three-dimensional, controllable manner. This allows for control over the shape of the chambers formed during mining, enabling the creation of elliptical, horseshoe, or arched cross-sections based on geostress conditions, thus ensuring controllability of the post-mining spatial morphology and mining location. Furthermore, the high-pressure fluid within the well system ensures the natural stabilization of the chambers formed during mining. Further, the invention proposes a device and method for on-site filling, where an extended filling device moves along the process well to isolate and fill the mining and filling spaces. This invention employs a time-shifting chamber method, allowing for simultaneous mining and filling, ensuring only one moving chamber exists in real-time. This limits the maximum cross-sectional area and the length of the empty space, guaranteeing the stability of deep mining.

[0304] VII. This invention achieves mining through a group of chambers based on wellbores. Therefore, the wellbore is used for ore particle transport. Thus, the invention utilizes an in-situ secondary crushing device to achieve two-stage or even multi-stage crushing, effectively controlling the particle size and block size of the crushed ore, and further enabling its transport within the wellbore as a particle flow. The ore particle lifting system includes a return channel that transports underground ore to the outside of the wellhead under the drive of the ore particle lifting system. The return channel is located within the ore particle lifting process well because this invention employs a tunnelless development method; therefore, the chambers are formed based on the wellbore.

[0305] 8. If traditional reamers or reamer blades are used in existing technologies for mining operations, the cutting torque increases with the extension of the blades until it becomes too large to break the rock. Therefore, when using traditional reamers for mining operations, the reamer range is generally 5%-30% of the original wellbore. In industrial applications, it is only used to increase the surface area of ​​the oil-producing section or to facilitate cementing and sand control operations. If minerals are mined using reamers, it is far from meeting the threshold of industrial mining. Furthermore, using primitive reamers for mining can only form cylindrical chambers, which cannot achieve shape control and cannot achieve better stress distribution by adjusting the shape under strong ground stress conditions.

[0306] IX. This invention, based on fluid-filled wellbore mining, allows for mining operations both underwater and underground in marine development. This represents a fundamental difference and leap forward compared to existing technologies that directly damage the seabed to mine nodules and crusts. Furthermore, regardless of depth, this invention enables the mining of solid minerals within the subsurface strata through wellbores. During mining, a group of fluid-filled chambers with a controllable morphology is formed, exhibiting excellent structural stability and allowing operations to be conducted without damaging the seabed. Developing mineral resources within the subsurface strata using this invention requires only opening a window in the seabed. Water-proof pipes and well casings completely isolate the operation from the marine water, effectively protecting the marine environment during development.

[0307] The following is a further explanation of the terms, symbols, and process flow used in this invention:

[0308] (1) The branch well or branch passage well in this invention is a branch well or branch passage well drilled during the mining process, or a branch well or branch passage well drilled in advance before the start of mining operations.

[0309] (2) The power pipelines in this invention include umbilical cables, electrical cables, hydraulic pipelines, oil pipes, drill pipes, chemical agent pipelines, and other pipelines for transporting high-pressure fluids.

[0310] (3) The cable or communication line in this invention can be armored cable or umbilical cable, or it can be set inside the wall of the continuous pipe; for example, when using a rubber hose, the wire of the hose can be directly used as the communication line or power line; when using a composite material hose, a braided metal mesh or metal wire can be used as the communication line or power line; when using a continuous tubing, double or multiple layers of pipe can be used, and communication lines or power lines can be arranged between the layers.

[0311] In this invention, a cavern is a cavity formed by controlled-form mining. The cavern includes a chamber 121 and a strip-shaped or flat cavity formed by controlled-form mining.

[0312] In the above embodiments of the present invention, the rotation of the rotating parts can be driven by direct electric motor drive, hydraulic motor drive, or pneumatic motor drive, or other equivalent structures. Alternatively, they can be driven by hydraulic cylinders, pneumatic cylinders, electric cylinders, or ropes in a push-pull manner. Parts requiring extension / sliding can be driven by hydraulic cylinders, electric cylinders, pneumatic cylinders, lead screws, racks and pinions, or ropes, or other equivalent alternative mechanisms. Correspondingly, in the above embodiments of the present invention, the electric, hydraulic, and pneumatic actuators used in the deflection and rotation modules can be selected as appropriate angular or linear actuators as needed. Furthermore, the power source installed at the wellhead can be selected as a power source, air source, or hydraulic power source as required.

[0313] In this invention, the chamber 121 includes underground spaces of various shapes, such as elongated, arched, nearly circular, nearly elliptical, flat, lentil-shaped, or other irregular shapes. The chamber 121 can be multiple independently mined chambers 121 distributed along the axis of the process well 16, or an elongated chamber 121 formed by mining along the axis of the process well 16. In this invention, the major axis length of the chamber 121 generally does not exceed the effective length of the portion of the process well 16 that traverses the mineral deposit. Furthermore, in this invention, ore particles refer to rock, rock fragments, and other particles of a size that can pass through the process well during the mining process.

[0314] In this invention, the chamber 121 and the process well 16 are filled with a solution having a density of 0.3-3 g / cm³. 3 The fluid is used to support the borehole and chamber 121, and can also serve as a circulating fluid to carry ore particles out of the well. It can also provide back pressure for the ore particle hoisting system 90. Furthermore, the injected fluid acts as a support fluid, relying on the pressure of the liquid column to support the mine shaft or assist in hoisting ore particles. Specifically, 0.3-3 g / cm³ 3 The fluid used is generally any one or a mixture of water, oil, liquefied gas, and supercritical fluid. For example, when carrying out mining operations in coal seams, unconsolidated strata, soil-like or clayey strata, supercritical fluids or oil-water mixtures can be used as the circulating fluid medium filling the borehole-tunnel.

[0315] In this invention, the power cable is a form of power line; the wellbore conveying device is a form or component of the ore particle hoisting system 90. In this invention, the crushing assembly 11 includes a rock-breaking assembly, a mining assembly, and any equivalent alternative capable of crushing rock. In this invention, the flexible tubing string includes flexible drill strings, coiled tubing, composite material tubing, titanium alloy drill strings, or other tubing strings made of elastic or plastic materials to ensure movement within high-curvature well sections with a turning radius of less than 30 meters.

[0316] In this invention, to standardize the terminology used for priority patents, the following explanation is provided:

[0317] The "extension assembly" in this invention has the same structure as the "three-dimensional extension segment" in the priority patent of this invention entitled "A shaft extension mining system and mining method"; the "extension mining device" in this invention has the same structure as the "three-dimensional controllable extension mining equipment, three-dimensional extension mining equipment, flexible mining machine" appearing in the priority patent of this invention; the "drive mechanism" and "drive component" in this invention have the same meaning, both including electric, hydraulic or pneumatic controlled actuators or actuators.

[0318] In the priority patent application No. 202311870836.2, entitled "Well-hole-chamber mining system and well-hole-chamber mining method," the "chamber" is uniformly referred to as "cavity" in this invention, including any shape of hole or tunnel formed by circular or strip-shaped mining, with a volume generally between 1 and 5000 cubic meters; the "ore" in the priority patent application No. 202311870836.2 is the "ore particle" in this invention; the "drill string" in the priority patent application No. 202311870836.2 is... The term "tube string" in this invention refers to the "well-chamber mining system" in priority patent application number 202311870836.2, entitled "well-chamber mining system and well-chamber mining method". The term "expansion mechanism" in priority patent application number 202311870836.2, entitled "well-chamber mining system and well-chamber mining method", is uniformly referred to as "expansion assembly" in this invention. The term "extended mining arm" in priority patent application number 202311870836.2, entitled "well-chamber mining system and well-chamber mining method", is the "extended arm" in this invention. Furthermore, the "device body" in this invention has the same structure as the "base" in the priority patent application number 202311870836.2; the "channel well" in this invention has the same structure as the "device channel well" in the priority patent application number 202311870836.2; and the "crushing assembly" in this invention has the same structure as the "crushing mechanism" in the priority patent application number 202311870836.2.

[0319] The above description is merely an illustrative embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principles of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A controllable morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells, characterized in that, include: Extended operating equipment, ore particle hoisting system, and at least one process well; The extended operation device includes an extended mining device and / or an extended acquisition device; The extended working device can move along the process well, and the extended working device can be transported to the working position via the process well; The extended mining device is used to excavate the chamber along the process shaft; or, the extended collection device is used to collect or extract ore particles from the chamber along the process shaft. The ore particle lifting system is partially installed in the process well, and the ore particles generated by the extended operation device can be transported to the wellhead through the ore particle lifting system; the ore particle lifting system includes a return channel through which ore particles are transported outward; one or more of the process wells are ore particle lifting process wells, and the return channel is installed inside the ore particle lifting process well. At least one of the process wells is an equipment access well; The extended mining device includes a crushing assembly and an extension mechanism; the extension mechanism is used to drive the crushing assembly to extend, so as to realize the retracted state and the extended mining device; the crushing assembly includes a power assembly and a crushing mechanism connected to the power assembly; When the extended mining device is in the retracted state, it can be transported through the equipment channel well; The extension mechanism includes an extension arm and a control mechanism, wherein the control mechanism is used to drive the extension arm away from or towards the axis of the equipment channel well; The crushing mechanism is mounted on the extended arm; The length of the extension arm is more than three times the diameter of the equipment channel well.

2. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system includes a traction device; The traction device includes a power cable, which is located in front of the extended mining device and is used to provide power or transmit power to the extended mining device; the power assembly is connected to the power cable and is used to obtain electrical energy or pressure energy from the power cable and convert the electrical energy or pressure energy into mechanical energy to drive the crushing assembly to break rock.

3. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extended mining device can extend the crushing assembly by at least three times the radius of the equipment access well. The crushing mechanism is a rotary crushing tool or an impact crushing tool. When the crushing mechanism is a rotary crushing tool, the rotary crushing tool includes a reamer, a tunneling head, or a cutting head. The major axis of the cross-section of the extended mining device perpendicular to its own length direction does not exceed three times the maximum diameter of the reamer, tunneling head, or cutting head. The length of the extended arm is greater than five times the diameter of the reamer, tunneling head, or cutting head. The maximum diameter of the reamer, tunneling head, or cutting head is 30%-95% of the inner diameter of the equipment passageway well. When the crushing mechanism is an impact crushing tool, the impact crushing tool includes an impact pick or a chisel. The major axis of the cross section of the extended mining device perpendicular to its own length direction does not exceed 8 times the maximum diameter of the impact pick or chisel, and the length of the extended arm is greater than 10 times the diameter of the impact pick or chisel.

4. A controllable morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells, characterized in that, include: Extended operating equipment, ore particle hoisting system, and at least one process well; The extended operation device includes an extended mining device and / or an extended acquisition device; The extended working device can move along the process well, and the extended working device can be transported to the working position via the process well; The extended mining device is used to excavate the chamber along the process shaft; or, the extended collection device is used to collect or extract ore particles from the chamber along the process shaft. The ore particle lifting system is partially installed in the process well, and the ore particles generated by the extended operation device can be transported to the wellhead through the ore particle lifting system; the ore particle lifting system includes a return channel through which ore particles are transported outward; one or more of the process wells are ore particle lifting process wells, and the return channel is installed inside the ore particle lifting process well. The extended mining device includes a main body and an extended assembly for extending the mining range. The extended assembly includes an extended arm and a control mechanism. One end of the extended arm is connected to the main body, and a crushing assembly is provided at the front or side of the extended arm. The control mechanism includes an electric actuator, hydraulic actuator, or pneumatic actuator for controllably performing deflection actions. The extended assembly is configured as follows: the extended assembly includes a mining arm body rotatably connected to the equipment body and at least one main mining arm connected to a mining assembly or a rock-splitting assembly. The mining assembly or the rock-splitting assembly is located at the front of the main mining arm. The mining arm body can rotate around the axis of the process well. A rotation control component is provided between the mining arm body and the equipment body to drive the mining arm body to rotate. An extended control component is connected between the mining arm body and the main mining arm to drive the main mining arm to move radially toward the process well. The extended control component serves as a deflection module, and the rotation control component serves as a rotation module. Alternatively, the extension assembly is a two-degree-of-freedom or multi-degree-of-freedom control mechanism, capable of driving the extension arm to achieve at least two degrees of freedom of movement relative to the device body, wherein the extension arm and the device body are connected by hinge and / or rotation. Alternatively, the extended assembly includes at least two controllable sections connected in sequence, each controllable section including a front part and a rear part that are controlled to rotate relative to each other, and an opening and closing control component or a joint control component that drives the front part and the rear part to rotate in a controlled manner, wherein the opening and closing control component and / or the joint control component both serve as biasing modules; Alternatively, the extension assembly includes an extension arm consisting of at least two controllable sections connected in sequence. Adjacent controllable sections are connected sequentially by hinge or rotation. The rear end of each extension arm is equipped with a control mechanism, which includes a driver with at least two degrees of freedom. The driver pulls the controllable sections through a traction transmission structure to drive the extension arm to achieve three-dimensional motion. The driver serves as a deflection module, and the traction transmission structure is a rope, belt, or chain. A power line is installed in the process well and / or other wells connected to the process well.

5. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The wellhead of the process well is located on the surface or on an offshore platform; When the wellhead of the process well is located on the surface, the inner diameter of the process well is less than 2 meters, the vertical depth is greater than 100 meters, and the length-to-diameter ratio is greater than 100. When the wellhead of the process well is located on an offshore platform, the inner diameter of the process well is less than 2 meters, and the process well includes at least 5 meters in seawater and another at least 20 meters in the underwater strata.

6. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The chamber and the process well are filled with a liquid with a density of 0.8-2.4 g / cm³.

7. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The extended operation device also includes: Measurement modules used to measure, sense, or detect mining or collection operations; A control module that controls the operation of the extended working device; The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system also includes a power line for obtaining energy for the extended operation device; the power line is set in the process well, and the two ends of the power line can be connected to the extended operation device and the power source outside the wellhead respectively when supplying energy to the extended operation device; The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system also includes a communication device for obtaining mining operation information outside the wellhead, the communication device including a wireless communication device and / or a communication line and / or a power line.

8. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 4, characterized in that, At least one of the process wells is an equipment access well; The extended mining device includes a crushing assembly and an extension assembly; the extension assembly is used to drive the crushing assembly to extend, so as to realize the retracted state and the extended mining device; the crushing assembly includes a power assembly and a crushing mechanism connected to the power assembly; When the extended mining device is in the retracted state, it can be transported through the equipment channel well.

9. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The extension assembly includes an extension arm and a control mechanism, the control mechanism being used to drive the extension arm away from or towards the axis of the equipment channel well; The crushing assembly is mounted on the extension arm; The length of the extension arm is more than three times the diameter of the equipment channel well.

10. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The extended mining device also includes a main body, an extended arm mounted on the main body, a crushing assembly mounted on the extended arm, and a control mechanism disposed between the main body and the extended arm. The control mechanism is used to drive the extended arm to extend, and the extended arm can drive the crushing assembly to move relative to the main body.

11. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The extended working device includes an extended working device connected by a hinged structure, or an extended working device assembled by a plug-in mechanism.

12. The deep formation fluid-filled wellhead controllable morphology mining system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The extended working device includes a device body, which comprises several sections that are hinged to each other, and each section is provided with a controllable hinge structure and / or a freely movable hinge structure; the device body is provided with a traveling assembly.

13. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system includes several branch wells connected to the process well; The extended operation device includes a crushing assembly, an extension assembly, and an equipment body for mining operations inserted into the branch shaft. The extension assembly includes a front extension assembly and a lateral extension section. The front extension assembly is used to drive the crushing assembly to extend within the branch shaft and to extend and / or adjust its direction within the branch shaft. The curvature of the connection section between the branch well and the process well is greater than 1° / meter. The extension assembly is connected to the equipment body through the lateral extension section, which includes a flexible tubing string or a plurality of hinged short sections connected in sequence. The configuration of the front-end extension assembly is as follows: The front-end extension assembly includes an extension arm and a control mechanism that drives the extension arm to move. The extension arm is connected to the front end of the lateral extension section, and the crushing assembly is connected to the front end of the extension arm. The two ends of the extension arm move relative to each other in a direction away from the axis of the branch well under the action of the drive mechanism, thereby achieving extended mining by enlarging the hole. The chamber formed after the branch shaft undergoes three-dimensional extended mining operations is called a cavern. The ore particle hoisting system also includes a shaft conveying device, which transports the mined ore to the outside of the shaft through a channel well. Alternatively, the process shaft may also include a discharge well connected to the cavern, the channel well, and / or the branch shaft, through which the shaft conveying device transports the mined ore to the outside of the shaft.

14. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 13, characterized in that, The crushing assembly is mounted on the extension assembly, which is further provided with at least two control mechanisms or dual-degree-of-freedom control mechanisms to drive the extension arm to move. The crushing assembly is located at the front or side of the extension arm. Under the action of the control mechanisms, the extension arm moves relative to the branch shaft axis in a direction perpendicular to the branch shaft axis to drive the crushing assembly to precisely crush the ore around the branch shaft.

15. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, The extended mining device includes a mining assembly that mines using a rotary cutting method, and the extended assembly or the lateral extension section is provided with a rotatable drive shaft or a driveable chain.

16. The deep formation fluid-filled wellhead controllable morphology mining system according to claim 13, characterized in that, A fixing device or support device is provided at the connection between the extendable arm and the lateral extension section to provide fixed support for the extendable arm.

17. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 12, characterized in that, The extension assembly includes multiple short sections connected by hinged structures, and an angle locking mechanism is provided at each hinged structure; the angle locking mechanism can lock the hinged structure to maintain the stability of the extension arm's shape.

18. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that, The extended operation device includes the extended acquisition device, which includes an extended acquisition assembly, a control mechanism, and an acquisition arm. The extended acquisition assembly is mounted on the acquisition arm, and the control mechanism is used to drive the acquisition arm to achieve extension. The extended acquisition assembly includes one or more of a rake, a chuck, a suction pipe, a shovel, and a bucket.

19. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that, The extended operation device includes the extended acquisition device, which includes an extended acquisition assembly, a control mechanism, and an extended assembly. The extended acquisition assembly is installed at the end of the extended assembly, and the control mechanism is used to drive the extended assembly to achieve extension. The extended acquisition assembly is configured as follows: the extended acquisition assembly includes one or more of a rake, shovel, skip, shovel, or bucket for clearing, shoveling, or grabbing large pieces of ore; the extended acquisition assembly also includes an acquisition drive mechanism for driving the extended acquisition assembly to perform clamping and shoveling loading actions; and / or, the extended acquisition assembly is a suction pipe, which is disposed inside the extended assembly, or the suction pipe is fixedly connected to the front of the extended assembly, and the suction pipe is used to suck up ore particles within the chamber area under the drive of the extended assembly.

20. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that, The extended operation device is an extended acquisition device, which includes a traveling assembly capable of driving it to move within the process well, or the extended acquisition device includes a traveling device capable of driving the extended acquisition device to move within the process well. The extended acquisition device includes a three-dimensional extended arm, which is used to achieve three-dimensional volumetric crushing with controllable form and to collect ore particles in the chamber; the three-dimensional extended arm includes a controlled drive mechanism, which is used to drive the three-dimensional extended arm to drive the primary crushing assembly to move in a controllable manner. The extended acquisition device has at least one minimum cross-section, the equivalent diameter of which is smaller than the inner diameter of the process well, so that the extended acquisition device can enter the chamber and / or the process well; The extended collection device includes an extended collection assembly for clearing, shoveling or grabbing ore, so as to collect, move, grab or clear the ore. The extended acquisition device further includes a traveling assembly capable of driving it to move within the process well, or the extended acquisition device further includes a traveling device capable of driving the extended acquisition device to move within the process well; the chamber is connected to the wellhead of the process well, and the process well includes a particle flow lifting channel through which ore particles in the chamber are discharged outside the wellhead of the process well.

21. The deep formation fluid-filled wellhead controllable morphology mining system according to claim 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that, The ore particle lifting system includes a re-crushing device, and the ore particles are crushed by the re-crushing device and then conveyed to the return discharge channel.

22. The deep formation fluid-filled wellhead controllable morphology mining system according to claim 21, characterized in that, The re-crushing device includes a crushing section, a shell, and a drive mechanism; the crushing section is a jaw, bar, roller, cone, or stone crushing rotor; the outer diameter of the shell is less than 2 meters and can pass through the process well; the drive mechanism is an electric motor, hydraulic motor, or pneumatic motor.

23. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 22, characterized in that, The housing includes an input end and an output end. The inlet end of the housing is connected to the chamber, and the output end is connected to the return channel. The crushing section is disposed inside the housing. When the breaking part is a jaw or a rod, the jaw or rod is hinged to the housing through the driving mechanism. The jaw or rod moves open and close along an axis away from or close to the housing under the drive of the driving mechanism. The driving mechanism is connected to a power source outside the wellhead through a power line. Alternatively, when the crushing part is a roller, the roller is rotatably connected to the housing, the roller is drive-connected to the drive mechanism, and the drive mechanism is connected to a power source outside the wellhead via a power line; Alternatively, when the crushing part is a cone, the cone is rotatably or oscillatingly connected to the shell, the maximum diameter of the cone is smaller than the inner diameter of the process well, the cone is driven by the drive mechanism, and the drive mechanism is connected to a power source outside the wellhead through a power line; Alternatively, when the crushing part is a stone crushing rotor, the stone crushing rotor is rotatably connected to the housing, the diameter of the stone crushing rotor is smaller than the inner diameter of the process well, the stone crushing rotor is drive-connected to the drive mechanism, and the drive mechanism is connected to a power source outside the wellhead through a power line.

24. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 22, characterized in that, The re-crushing device is located at the front end of the return channel, and the outlet end of the re-crushing device is sealed to the return channel; When the crushing part is a jaw or a bar, the jaw or bar moves open and close along the axis away from or close to the front end of the return channel under the drive of the driving mechanism. Alternatively, when the crushing part is a roller, the diameter of the roller is smaller than the inner diameter of the process well used to accommodate the return channel, and the rotation axis of the roller is set along the axis of the front end of the return channel; Alternatively, when the crushing part is a cone, the maximum diameter of the cone is smaller than the inner diameter of the process well used to accommodate the return channel, and the mounting axis of the cone is set along the axis of the front end of the return channel; Alternatively, when the crushing part is a stone crushing rotor, the diameter of the stone crushing rotor is smaller than the inner diameter of the process well used to accommodate the return channel, and the rotation axis of the stone crushing rotor is set along the axis of the front end of the return channel.

25. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 9 or 13, characterized in that, At least two crushing assemblies are installed along the extended arm: the two crushing assemblies are arranged at different positions on the extended arm to increase the crushing range of the extended arm, so that a wider range of the extended arm has crushing capacity, which facilitates the expansion of the chamber; or, the at least two crushing assemblies are at least two tunneling heads, which are arranged coaxially and rotate in opposite directions.

26. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system includes at least one extended mining device and at least one auxiliary mining device; the auxiliary mining device includes an in-situ primary crushing device and an in-situ secondary crushing device, and the extended mining device can also be configured as an auxiliary mining device; The combination of at least one of the extended mining devices and at least one auxiliary mining device is configured as follows: It includes an in-situ primary crushing device and an extended mining device, which are used for primary crushing of rock and further crushing of rock into smaller particles based on primary crushing, respectively. Alternatively, it may include extended mining devices and in-situ secondary crushing devices, used for primary crushing of rock and further crushing of rock into smaller particles based on primary crushing, respectively. Alternatively, at least two extended mining units, one for initial rock crushing and the other for further crushing the rock into smaller particles based on the initial crushing.

27. The deep formation fluid-filled wellhead controllable morphology mining system according to claim 8, 13, or 26, characterized in that, The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system also includes an in-situ primary crushing device for pre-crushing rocks. The extended mining device is used to further crush the rocks crushed by the in-situ primary crushing device to achieve a transportable block size. The in-situ primary crushing device includes a traveling assembly that can drive it to move within the process well, or the in-situ primary crushing device includes a traveling device that can drive it to move within the process well, or the in-situ primary crushing device is connected to the front end of the tubing string. The in-situ primary crushing device can move along the process well and work in coordination with the extended mining device under the drive of the traveling assembly, the traveling device or the tubing string; The in-situ primary crushing device includes a rock-splitting assembly, which is used to perform preliminary crushing of the rock mass near the mining location; the extended mining device has a crushing assembly installed at the front end of the extended assembly, which is used to perform secondary crushing of the rock. The in-situ primary crushing device and the extended mining device are driven by their respective traveling assemblies, traveling devices or tubing. The working position of the in-situ primary crushing device is within 30 meters of the mining position of the extended mining device. The in-situ primary crushing device and the extended mining device operate sequentially or synchronously.

28. The deep formation fluid-filled wellhead controllable morphology mining system according to claim 27, characterized in that, The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system also includes a process well system with a vertical depth section and a horizontal displacement section. The process well system includes a main process well and multiple auxiliary process wells, which are connected to the main process well. The in-situ primary crushing device is installed in the auxiliary process well. The in-situ primary crushing device is used to crush or fracture ore according to the extension trajectory of the auxiliary process well to form the chamber with controllable morphology.

29. The deep formation fluid-filled wellhead controllable morphology mining system according to claim 8, 13, or 26, characterized in that, The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system also includes an in-situ secondary crushing device; the in-situ secondary crushing device includes a traveling assembly that can drive it to move within the process well, or the in-situ secondary crushing device includes a traveling device that can drive it to move within the process well, or the in-situ secondary crushing device is connected to the front end of the tubing string; the in-situ secondary crushing device can move along the process well under the drive of the traveling assembly, the traveling device, or the tubing string and work in coordination with the extended mining device; The in-situ secondary crushing device includes a crushing assembly for extending into the chamber or inside the chamber to perform secondary crushing of fallen rocks or large rocks extracted by the extended mining device. The extended mining device and the in-situ secondary crushing device are driven by their respective traveling assemblies, traveling devices or tubing, and the extended mining device and the in-situ secondary crushing device work together simultaneously or sequentially in the same chamber.

30. The deep formation fluid-filled wellhead controllable morphology mining system according to claim 29, characterized in that, The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system also includes a collaborative well group, which includes at least two parallel process well sections; the distance between the at least two parallel process well sections is less than 30 meters, and collaborative operation can be achieved. The central axes of the two process well sections are parallel or approximately parallel to each other; the two parallel process well sections are respectively used to accommodate the extended mining device and the in-situ secondary crushing device.

31. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 29, characterized in that, The in-situ secondary crushing device includes a crushing assembly and a power assembly. The in-situ secondary crushing device also includes a fixing device or a supporting device. The crushing assembly is a reamer assembly, a jaw crusher assembly, or an impact crusher assembly. When the crushing assembly is a reamer assembly, the reamer assembly includes a reamer, the diameter of which is smaller than the inner diameter of the process well, the rotation axis of which is arranged along the axis of the front end of the return channel, the reamer assembly is connected to the power assembly for transmission, and the power assembly is connected to a power source outside the wellhead through a power line; Alternatively, when the crushing assembly is a jaw crusher assembly, the jaw crusher assembly includes a connecting body and a crushing jaw, the crushing jaw is hinged to the connecting body, the power assembly is connected to the connecting body and the crushing jaw respectively, the crushing jaw moves open and close along an axis away from or near the front end of the return channel under the drive of the power assembly, and the power assembly is connected to a power source outside the wellhead through a power line; Alternatively, when the crushing assembly is an impact crushing assembly, the impact crushing assembly includes an impact head and an impact equipment body. The impact head is slidably connected to the impact equipment body and is driven by the power assembly. The impact head reciprocates along the axis of the front end of the extension assembly under the drive of the power assembly. The power assembly is connected to a power source outside the wellhead through a power line.

32. The deep formation fluid-filled wellhead controllable morphology mining system according to claim 8, 13, or 26, characterized in that, The deep formation fluid-filled well chamber controllable morphology mining system includes at least two extended mining devices. The two extended mining devices can move along the process well where they are located under the drive of the travel assembly, travel device or tubing and work in coordination with the extended mining device; or, the two extended mining devices are located in the same chamber simultaneously or sequentially and work in coordination.

33. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 32, characterized in that, The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system also includes an inter-equipment communication device, which is used for communication between at least two sets of the extended mining devices; The communication devices between the devices include underwater acoustic communication, wireless communication, magnetic communication and / or laser communication.

34. The deep formation fluid-filled wellhead controllable morphology mining system according to claim 32, characterized in that, The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system also includes an equipment positioning device, which is used to determine the spatial positional relationship between at least two sets of the extended mining equipment.

35. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 4, 5, 8 or 13, characterized in that, The extended mining device also includes a three-dimensional extension mechanism and a fixing and / or locking device to prevent the three-dimensional extension mechanism from tipping over or rolling. The fixing device includes a fixing component that reciprocates radially along the process well and a reciprocating drive component that drives the fixing component to reciprocate. The fixing component is connected to the equipment body of the extended mining device and / or to a fixed object inside the process well. When the fixing device is pressed against or locked between the equipment body of the extended mining device and the inner wall of the process well, the position of the extended mining device is fixed by the fixing device. Alternatively, the fixing device includes a controllable opening and closing fixing component for preventing the three-dimensional extension mechanism from tipping over or rolling, and a driving component for driving the fixing component to open and close relative to the equipment body of the extended mining device. The fixing device is connected to the equipment body of the extended mining device, and the fixing component is hinged to the equipment body of the extended mining device. When the driving component drives the fixing component to open relative to the equipment body of the extended mining device, it presses against or locks between the equipment body of the extended mining device and the inner wall of the process well to achieve fixation, and vice versa. Alternatively, the fixing device includes two guide structures that slide relative to each other along the axial direction of the process well, and the two guide structures are respectively fixedly connected to the equipment body of the extended mining device and to the fixing object inside the process well; Alternatively, the fixing device includes at least one support mechanism disposed at the front end of the extended mining device. The support mechanism includes a support rod rotatably connected to the extended mining device and a retraction drive mechanism for driving the support rod to rotate. The support rod is a rod with a fixed length or a telescopic rod with controlled extension and retraction. Alternatively, the extended working device includes a device body, which includes several controllable sections that are hinged to each other, and each controllable section is provided with a controllable hinge structure and / or a freely movable hinge structure; the device body is provided with a traveling assembly; when the lateral extension of the device body or the extended assembly includes multiple controllable sections, the lateral extension of the device body or the extended assembly can also be configured as a fixing device, and the controllable sections include joint control components for driving the multiple controllable sections to controllably buckle against the well wall.

36. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 4, 5, 8 or 13, characterized in that, The extended working device also includes a device body and a support device for supporting and preventing the device from tipping over. The support device can extend within the chamber to support the extended working device and prevent it from tipping over. The support device includes controllable telescopic or opening / closing support legs, or a controllable bending device body; The support device includes a control mechanism with at least one degree of freedom to control the overall state of the extended mining device, switching between retracted and extended states, or to control the extended mining device to increase the mining operation range.

37. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 35, characterized in that, The extended working device includes a traveling module, which is a component of the main body of the extended working device, or the traveling module is an independent module that can be detachably connected to the main body of the extended working device. The traveling module includes a fixed component and a reciprocating drive component. The fixed component is a gripper, and the reciprocating drive component is a telescopic control module connected between the equipment body and the gripper of the extended working device. Alternatively, the fixing component is a support leg connected to the equipment body of the extended working device, and the reciprocating drive component is a push-pull control module hinged between the support leg and the equipment body of the extended working device; Alternatively, the fixing component is a pin that slides with the equipment body of the extended working device, the reciprocating drive component is a sliding drive module that drives the pin to slide, and the fixing object in the well wall or in the well is also provided with a slot for the pin to be inserted. Alternatively, when the device body of the extended working device or the lateral extension of the extended assembly includes multiple controllable sections, the device body or the lateral extension of the extended working device may also be configured as a traveling module, wherein the controllable sections include joint control components for driving the extended working device to move by means of serpentine movement, telescopic movement, creeping, meandering movement or spring movement.

38. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphological mining system includes a traction device, which is connected to the extended mining device. The traction device includes a traction cable, a lock, a traction string, a return pipe, or a traction rod.

39. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 4, 5, 8 or 13, characterized in that, The extended mining device also includes a power line; The power line is structured as a flexible cable or a rigid pipeline; the power line includes one or more of the following: cable, hydraulic pipeline, high-pressure fluid pipeline, chemical agent pipeline, or pneumatic pipeline; the energy transmitted by the power line includes electrical energy, pressure energy, or chemical energy; one end of the power line is connected to the underground extended mining device, and the other end of the power line is connected to a power source outside the wellhead; the energy provided by the power line to the extended mining device includes electrical energy, pressure energy, and / or chemical energy.

40. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 9 or 13, characterized in that, The extended mining device can extend the crushing assembly by at least three times the radius of the process well; The crushing assembly is a rotary crushing tool or an impact crushing tool; When the crushing assembly is a rotary crushing tool, the rotary crushing tool includes a reamer, a tunneling head, or a cutting head. The major axis of the cross-section of the extended mining device, perpendicular to its own length direction, is less than or equal to three times the maximum diameter of the reamer, the tunneling head, or the cutting head. The length of the extended arm is greater than five times the diameter of the reamer, the tunneling head, or the cutting head. The maximum diameter of the reamer, the tunneling head, or the cutting head is 30%-95% of the inner diameter of the process well. When the crushing assembly is an impact crushing tool, the impact crushing tool includes an impact pick or a chisel. The major axis of the cross section of the extended mining device, which is perpendicular to its own length direction, is less than or equal to 8 times the maximum diameter of the impact pick or the chisel. The length of the extended arm is greater than 10 times the diameter of the impact pick or the chisel.

41. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 4, 5, or 6, characterized in that, The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system also includes a control terminal located outside the well and a wireless communication device or communication line for communication. The extended acquisition device is equipped with a sensor, and the sensor transmits data to the control terminal via a wireless communication device or communication line. When the communication line is used for communication, the communication line passes through the process well or other process wells. The wellhead end of the communication line is connected to the control terminal, and the downhole end of the communication line is connected to the sensor or detection device installed on the extended mining device and / or the extended acquisition device. The detection equipment is installed on the extended mining device and / or extended acquisition device. The detection equipment includes a video detection module, radar, sonar and / or lidar, and is communicatively connected to the control terminal. The sensors include a flow meter, an ore particle concentration meter, a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a laser detection device, an acoustic detection device and / or an electromagnetic detection device. The sensors are used to detect the operating status of the extended mining device and / or extended acquisition device, the morphology of the chamber and / or the state of the rock mass.

42. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 4, 5, or 6, characterized in that, The ore particle hoisting system has an ore particle inlet, which is located in front of, to the side of or below the extended mining device.

43. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 42, characterized in that, The ore particle lifting system also includes an ore particle screen, which is located at the inlet end of the return channel or on the connecting path between the chamber and the return channel. The ore particle screen is used to screen out ore particles that can be conveyed by the ore particle lifting system. When the ore particle hoisting system is a shaft hydraulic ore conveying system, the median of the crushed particle size of the ore particles generated by the extended mining device and / or the extended collection device is less than 20% of the inner diameter of the conveying pipe or the discharge shaft, and the effective aperture of the ore particle screen is less than 30% of the inner diameter of the conveying pipe or the discharge shaft; Alternatively, when the ore particle lifting system is a shaft mechanical ore conveying system, the median of the crushed particle size of the ore particles generated by the extended mining device and / or the extended collection device is less than 50% of the inner diameter of the conveying pipe or the discharge shaft, and the effective aperture of the ore particle screen is less than 80% of the inner diameter of the conveying pipe or the discharge shaft.

44. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The crushing assembly has a flow channel inside, and the port of the flow channel is used to spray fluid into the extended mining device or the rock near the crushing assembly; The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system also includes a circulating fluid pump, which is connected to the flow channel via a circulating fluid pipeline.

45. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 4, 5, or 6, characterized in that, The ore particle lifting system is a pumping lifting system, which also includes an ore particle pump installed underground. The ore particle pump is located in the middle or lower part of the return flow channel, and the outer diameter of the ore particle pump is smaller than the inner diameter of the process well.

46. ​​The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that, The ore particle lifting system is a pumping lifting system, which includes a return channel and an ore particle pump. The ore particle pump is installed on the extended mining device and is connected to the return channel. Alternatively, the ore particle lifting system may be a blending lifting system, which may further include a low-density particle flow injection channel and a low-density particle flow injection pump for conveying the low-density particle flow.

47. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system includes at least two process wells. One of the aforementioned process wells is an equipment access well, which has a through passage for raising or lowering the extended mining equipment. In addition, at least one of the aforementioned process wells is a ore hoisting process well, and the ore hoisting process well is equipped with an ore particle hoisting system.

48. The deep formation fluid-filled wellhead controllable morphology mining system according to claim 4, 5, 6 or 47, characterized in that, At least one of the aforementioned process wells serves as an equipment access well, and the controllable morphology mining system for the deep formation fluid-filled well includes: Mining is carried out in multiple chambers by starting from multiple preset points along the equipment passage shaft.

49. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that, The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system also includes an extended filling device, used to isolate the mining space and the filling space along the process well to facilitate filling; The extended filling device is one type of extended operation device. The extended filling device is connected to the side of the extended mining device opposite to the direction of travel and moves synchronously with the extended mining device; or, the extended filling device includes a traveling assembly that can drive it to move within the process well; or, the extended filling device includes a traveling device that can drive it to move within the process well; or, the extended filling device is driven by a tubing string.

50. The deep formation fluid-filled well controllable morphology mining system according to claim 49, characterized in that, The extended filling device includes a device body, a drive mechanism, and a flexible barrier assembly; the flexible barrier assembly specifically includes an umbrella-shaped barrier assembly or a bladder-shaped barrier assembly; The umbrella-shaped partition assembly is a controllable opening and closing umbrella-shaped partition assembly, which includes an umbrella frame, a drive mechanism, and flexible fabric. The drive mechanism is used to drive the umbrella-shaped partition assembly to open or close. Alternatively, the bladder-shaped partition assembly is a partition bladder that can be controlled to expand and contract. The bladder-shaped partition assembly includes a bladder outer skin and a liquid injection and drainage device, which is used to control the injection and / or drainage of fluid and to drive the bladder-shaped partition assembly to expand and achieve partitioning.

51. The deep formation fluid-filled wellhead controllable morphology mining system according to claim 50, characterized in that, The extended filling device also includes a filling screen, the inflow end and the outflow end of which are respectively connected to both sides of the flexible baffle assembly.

52. A method for controlled-morphology mining of deep formation fluid-filled wells, implemented using the controlled-morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells as described in claim 5, characterized in that... The mining method includes the following steps: Step S10: Drill the process well; Step S20: The extended working device is set at the working position of the process well, and the ore particle hoisting system is at least partially set in the process well and connected to the extended mining device; Step S30: The extended operation device starts operation, and the ore particles are transported to the wellhead through the ore particle lifting system.

53. A method for controlled-morphology mining of deep formation fluid-filled wells, implemented using the controlled-morphology mining system for deep formation fluid-filled wells as described in claim 5, characterized in that... The mining method includes the following steps: Step S10: Drill the process well; Step S20: Set an extended working device at the working position of the process well for initial crushing; Step S30: Set another extended operation device at the operation position of the process well for re-crushing, and set at least part of the ore particle lifting system in the process well and connect it to the extended mining device; Step S40: The extended operation device starts operation, and the ore particles are transported to the wellhead through the ore particle lifting system.

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