Flood control scheduling simulation method and system adaptive to multi-stage cascade reservoirs

Abstract

The application discloses a flood control scheduling simulation method and system suitable for multi-stage series-parallel cascade reservoirs, and comprises the following steps: collecting and sorting basic data; extracting a river network and dividing sub-basins, generating a topological structure based on series-parallel connection relationship of the cascade reservoirs, and performing standardization processing; based on the topological structure relationship of the cascade reservoirs, constructing a model based on three-layer nested loops, and realizing simulation of the cascade reservoirs' flood storage and flood regulation process from upstream to downstream; setting a scheme, simulating the cascade reservoirs' flood control scheduling process under different schemes, and performing scheme comparison analysis and effect evaluation. The application makes full use of data bottom plate and rainfall monitoring information, can be adapted to cascade reservoirs with complex series-parallel connection relationship such as series connection, parallel connection or mixed connection, realizes simulation of the cascade reservoirs' flood forecasting and flood control scheduling process, provides reliable guarantee for scientifically and reasonably formulating a cascade reservoir scheduling scheme, and provides technical support for improving the flood control and disaster reduction capacity.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of reservoir flood control scheduling, cascade reservoir joint scheduling technology and calculation simulation technology, in particular to a flood control scheduling simulation method and system suitable for multi-stage series-parallel cascade reservoirs. BACKGROUND

[0002] Cascade reservoir joint scheduling is an important measure to ensure the safety management of flood control in a basin. The key is that through the joint scheduling of cascade reservoirs, excess flood or base flow can be regulated in different reservoirs as needed, the flood control standard of the protected area is improved, and the flood control safety of key areas is ensured.

[0003] The common cascade reservoirs at present are series reservoir groups located on the same river, and there is close hydraulic connection between the reservoirs. Parallel reservoir groups without direct hydraulic connection or complex cascade reservoirs combining series and parallel are less common. In actual work, especially on small and medium rivers, a large number of reservoirs located in the same water system and having direct or indirect hydraulic connection can form cascade reservoirs. Through the regulation and discharge control of these cascade reservoirs, the flood damage is reduced as much as possible, which is the key to precise prevention and control of basin flood disasters. Therefore, on the basis of existing joint scheduling technology, it is important to effectively simulate the flood routing and joint scheduling process of complex series-parallel cascade reservoirs and realize the pre-rehearsal of the flood control scheduling process under different joint scheduling schemes, which is the key work of basin flood disaster prevention and control. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a flood control scheduling simulation method and system suitable for multi-stage series-parallel cascade reservoirs, which can effectively simulate the flood control scheduling process of multi-stage series-parallel cascade reservoirs, provide reliable protection for scientifically and reasonably formulating joint scheduling schemes, and provide technical support for improving the basin flood control and disaster reduction capacity, so as to solve the problems raised in the background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme:

[0006] The flood control scheduling simulation method suitable for multi-stage series-parallel cascade reservoirs comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Collect and organize the basic data of the area to be simulated: collect the basic data of the basin, the basic data of the reservoir, the flood control scheduling rules of the reservoir and the information of the water and rainfall monitoring station network in the area to be simulated;

[0008] Step 2: Topological structure generation and processing considering the series-parallel relationship of cascade reservoirs: based on the collected data, extract the river network, divide the sub-basins, analyze the series-parallel relationship of cascade reservoirs, generate the topological structure of cascade reservoirs, and perform standardization processing;

[0009] Step three, topological structure-based cascade reservoir flood control scheduling simulation method and model construction: combined with the generated topological structure relationship of cascade reservoirs, sub-basin process calculation, flood control scheduling calculation, and river confluence calculation are respectively performed, and the model is constructed based on three layers of nested loops to realize the simulation of the flood process and flood control calculation process of cascade reservoirs from upstream to downstream step by step;

[0010] Step four, model simulation and scheme evaluation: set the flood forecasting scheme and joint scheduling scheme, simulate the flood control scheduling process of cascade reservoirs under different schemes, and combine the simulation results to compare and analyze the schemes and evaluate the effects.

[0011] Further, the basin basic data includes: a river system diagram of a river, a lake, and a reservoir, high-precision elevation data, and basic data of the river, the lake, and the reservoir; the reservoir basic data includes: reservoir characteristic water level, characteristic reservoir capacity, water level-reservoir capacity curve, and water level-discharge curve; and the water and rainfall monitoring station network information includes: rainfall station, water level station, flow station, and hydrological station, as well as the measured data thereof.

[0012] Further, the step two, topological structure generation and processing considering the series-parallel relationship of cascade reservoirs specifically includes:

[0013] S201: river network extraction: based on the high-precision elevation data and the river system diagram of the to-be-simulated basin, hydrological analysis is performed, the basic basins are divided, and the river network consistent with the real river system is extracted;

[0014] S202: sub-basin division: according to the actual distribution position of the cascade reservoirs in the river network, the basic basin boundaries are merged, and a plurality of sub-basins are divided;

[0015] S203: analysis of series-parallel relationship of cascade reservoirs: based on the river network and the sub-basin range, the catchment area of each reservoir is determined, and according to the confluence relationship between upstream and downstream reservoirs, the series-parallel relationship of the cascade reservoirs is identified;

[0016] S204: topological structure generation: based on the series-parallel relationship of the cascade reservoirs, the association relationship of each reservoir with upstream and downstream reservoirs is established, the preliminary topological structure is formed, and the calculation levels are distributed in order from upstream to downstream;

[0017] S205: standardization processing: the preliminary formed topological structure of the cascade reservoirs is subjected to data formatting processing, a topological relationship table is constructed, and the standardized topological structure data is stored in a database.

[0018] Further, the step three: topological structure-based cascade reservoir flood control scheduling simulation method and model construction specifically includes:

[0019] S301: sub-basin flood process calculation method:

[0020] Based on the sub-basin division result, combined with the flood forecasting scheme, the flood forecasting model is used to simulate the flood flow process of each sub-basin, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] In the formula, indicates the simulation flow of the mth sub-basin, MODEL flood indicates the flood forecasting model, indicates the geographical characteristics of the mth sub-basin, indicates the meteorological data in the mth sub-basin, β flood indicates the flood forecasting model parameters;

[0023] If a sub-basin completely covers the reservoir catchment area, the outlet section flow process of the sub-basin is the reservoir inflow flood process; if a sub-basin only covers part of the reservoir catchment area, the outlet section flow process of the sub-basin is the flood process of the corresponding catchment area of the reservoir.

[0024] S302: Flood control and dispatching calculation method of independent reservoir:

[0025] On the basis of calculating the grade distribution result, the independent reservoir with the calculation grade of 1 in the topological structure of the cascade reservoir is extracted, the total inflow of the current independent reservoir is calculated, and combined with the set flood control and dispatching scheme, the flood control and dispatching process of the independent reservoir is simulated by using the reservoir flood control calculation model, and the reservoir water level change process and the discharged flood process are obtained. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0026]

[0027] In the formula, j1 indicates the jth reservoir with the calculation grade of 1, indicates the total inflow of the j1th reservoir, indicates the number of sub-basins corresponding to the j1th reservoir, indicates the simulation flow of the jth reservoir into the sub-basin, indicates the outflow of the j1th reservoir, MODEL operation indicates the reservoir flood control calculation model, indicates the initial water level of the j1th reservoir, indicates the water level-storage curve of the j1th reservoir, indicates the water level-discharge curve of the j1th reservoir, indicates the flood control and dispatching scheme of the j1th reservoir;

[0028] S303: River channel confluence calculation method between upper and lower cascade reservoirs:

[0029] Based on the calculated level allocation results, all reservoirs with a calculated level greater than 1 in the topology of the cascade reservoirs are extracted. For a reservoir at the current calculated level, the downstream flood discharge process of the corresponding upstream reservoir is obtained. A river confluence calculation model is used to simulate the river confluence process from the downstream of each upstream reservoir dam to the upstream of the current reservoir dam, and the total inflow of the current reservoir is calculated. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0030]

[0031] In the formula, j k This indicates the j-th reservoir at calculation level k. Indicates the j-th k The number of upstream reservoirs of the reservoir. Indicates reaching the j-th k The total discharge flow of the upstream reservoir of the reservoir, This indicates that after the l-th upstream reservoir releases its floodwaters, it reaches the j-th reservoir. k The flow rate of the reservoir, MODEL routing This represents the river confluence calculation model. This represents the discharge flow of the l-th upstream reservoir. and These represent the distance from the l-th upstream reservoir dam to the j-th downstream dam. k The length and gradient of the river channel in front of the reservoir dam, β routing Indicates the parameters of the river confluence calculation model;

[0032] S304: Calculation method for flood control scheduling of cascade reservoirs:

[0033] For a reservoir with a calculation level greater than 1, based on the established scheduling scheme and the calculated total inflow, a reservoir flood control calculation model is used to simulate the current flood control scheduling process of the reservoir, obtaining the current reservoir water level change process and the flood discharge process. The calculation formulas are as follows:

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] In the formula, j k This indicates the j-th reservoir at calculation level k. Indicates the j-th k The total inflow of the reservoir, Indicates the j-th k Simulated flow rate of the reservoir's catchment area. Indicates the j-th k The outflow from the reservoir, Indicates the j-th k The initial water level of the reservoir [m] Indicates the j-thk the water level-storage capacity curve of the reservoir, the jth k the water level-discharge curve of the reservoir, the flood control scheduling scheme of the jth reservoir;

[0037] S305: model construction based on three-layer nested loops:

[0038] Through the three-layer nested loop setting of the calculation level loop, the reservoir traversal loop, and the time period iteration loop, the inflow flood of the cascade reservoir and the flood control calculation process are simulated by time period, by reservoir, and by level, and the model construction is realized.

[0039] Further, the S305: model construction based on three-layer nested loops comprises:

[0040] S3051: cascade reservoir series-parallel relationship identification: the topological structure of the cascade reservoir in the simulation area is extracted from the database, and the series, parallel, and mixed connection relationship between the cascade reservoirs is identified to determine the calculation level of each reservoir;

[0041] S3052: sub-basin flood process simulation: the flood flow process of each sub-basin is calculated based on the flood forecasting model, and the simulated sub-basin flood forecasting results are stored in the sub-basin flood forecasting result database;

[0042] S3053: model simulation based on three-layer nested loops: a three-layer loop setting method is used to form an iterative calculation loop with the calculation level as the first level, all reservoirs under the corresponding level as the second level, and all time periods in the simulation period as the third level.

[0043] Further, the model simulation based on three-layer nested loops comprises:

[0044] Taking a certain reservoir under the current calculation level as the object, based on the discharge flood process of the upstream reservoir corresponding to the current reservoir, the river channel confluence calculation model is used to calculate the flood process of the upstream reservoir discharged to the front of the current reservoir dam, and the interval inflow flood process of the current reservoir is obtained by combining the sub-basin flood process simulation results to determine the inflow flood process of the current reservoir.

[0045] Further, the model construction based on three-layer nested loops further comprises:

[0046] S3054: based on the simulation results of the model based on three-layer nested loops, the inflow flood flow process of the current reservoir is taken as the input data, and the flood control scheduling model is used for the time period flood scheduling calculation of the current reservoir to simulate the reservoir water level change process and the discharge flow process of the current reservoir;

[0047] S3055: Take the discharge result of the current reservoir as input data to provide boundary conditions for the river channel confluence simulation of the next calculation level reservoir;

[0048] S3056: When all reservoirs of the current calculation level are completed, enter the next calculation level reservoir loop, and repeat the above process until all calculation level reservoirs are completed;

[0049] S3057: When all calculation level reservoir loops are completed, output the water level change process and discharge flood process of each cascade reservoir in the simulation area, and save it to the reservoir flood regulation calculation result library.

[0050] Further, the fourth step, based on the three-layer nested loop to build the model simulation and scheme evaluation, the specific steps include:

[0051] S401: Basic data review and storage: based on the collected and sorted basic data of the basin, the basic data of the reservoir, the flood control regulation rules of the reservoir and the information of the water and rainfall monitoring station network, after artificial review, standardization processing and storage;

[0052] S402: Modeling preprocessing and storage: based on the topological structure generation and processing considering the cascade reservoir series-parallel relationship, river network extraction, sub-basin division and cascade reservoir topological structure generation are carried out, and standardization processing and storage are carried out;

[0053] S403: Model selection and parameter storage: combined with the runoff characteristics of the area to be simulated, the completeness of the basic data, the corresponding flood forecast model, river channel confluence calculation model and reservoir flood regulation calculation model are selected, and the model parameters are determined through parameter calibration;

[0054] S404: Database configuration: configure the link mode of the database table to complete the database configuration;

[0055] S405: Scheme setting: for the cascade reservoirs of the area to be simulated, combined with the historical water and rainfall information and the predicted rainfall process, set the flood forecast scheme; considering the flood control safety of the reservoir downstream flood protection area, combined with the current flood situation of the reservoir, set the joint regulation scheme;

[0056] S406: Parameter receiving and running model: determine the running parameters of the forecast period start time, the forecast period length, the time period length, and the preheating period length, and input them into the corresponding flood forecast model, river channel confluence calculation model, and reservoir flood regulation calculation model to run the model;

[0057] S407: Flood process simulation under given scheme: simulate the flood process of each sub-basin outlet section based on the flood forecast scheme, and perform data analysis and display;

[0058] S408: Schedule process simulation under given scheme: simulate the joint scheduling process of the cascade reservoir based on the joint scheduling scheme, and perform data analysis and display

[0059] S409: Through setting different schemes, respectively perform flood process and reservoir scheduling process simulation, and perform scheme comparison analysis and effect evaluation combined with simulation results.

[0060] The application provides another technical scheme, a flood control scheduling simulation system suitable for multi-stage series-parallel cascade reservoirs, comprising:

[0061] A basic data processing module is used for collecting and processing basic data of a basin, basic data of reservoirs and information of a water and rainfall condition monitoring station network;

[0062] A topological structure generation module is used for analyzing series-parallel connection relationships of the cascade reservoirs based on data collected by the basic data processing module, generating a topological structure of the cascade reservoirs and outputting a standardized topological relationship table;

[0063] A sub-basin flood forecasting module is used for selecting a flood forecasting model according to the runoff yield characteristics of the sub-basin and calibrating model parameters, simulating and outputting a flood flow process of the sub-basin;

[0064] A reservoir flood control calculation module is used for simulating the reservoir inflow flood process and the flood control scheduling process according to the topological structure relationship of the cascade reservoirs in sequence, calculating the river channel confluence between upper and lower reservoirs, outputting the reservoir water level change process and the discharged flood process of each reservoir;

[0065] A scheme setting and simulation evaluation module is used for running the model based on the set flood forecasting scheme and the joint scheduling scheme, evaluating the flood control scheduling process and effect of the cascade reservoir under the set scheme, generating a running evaluation report and providing optimization suggestions for the scheduling scheme, thereby providing technical support for optimizing the flood control scheduling scheme.

[0066] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0067] The flood control scheduling simulation method and system suitable for multi-stage series-parallel cascade reservoirs provided by the application fully integrate basic data of a basin, reservoir characteristic data and water and rainfall condition monitoring data, form a topological structure based on series-parallel connection relationships of the cascade reservoirs, construct a flood forecasting and joint scheduling model of the cascade reservoirs, and perform process simulation and scheme evaluation combined with the set flood forecasting scheme and the joint scheduling scheme. The application can be adapted to cascade reservoirs with complex series-parallel connection relationships such as series connection, parallel connection or mixed connection, can realize flood control scheduling process pre-rehearsal and scheme comparison under different joint scheduling schemes, and improves the scientificity and effectiveness of flood control scheduling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0068] Figure 1Flow chart of the flood control scheduling simulation method of the application adapted to multi-stage cascade reservoirs;

[0069] Figure 2 River network and sub-basin schematic diagram of the application;

[0070] Figure 3 Topological structure schematic diagram of the cascade reservoirs of the application;

[0071] Figure 4 Flood control scheduling simulation method schematic diagram of the cascade reservoirs based on topological structure of the application;

[0072] Figure 5 Real-time forecasting and joint scheduling model construction schematic diagram of the cascade reservoirs based on three-layer nested loops of the application;

[0073] Figure 6 Sub-basin flood forecasting result in the specific embodiment of the application;

[0074] Figure 7 Huashan reservoir scheduling result under the joint scheduling scheme 1 of the application;

[0075] Figure 8 Feshah river reservoir scheduling result under the joint scheduling scheme 1 of the application;

[0076] Figure 9 Huashan reservoir scheduling result under the joint scheduling scheme 2 of the application;

[0077] Figure 10 Feshah river and Huashan reservoir scheduling result under the joint scheduling scheme 2 of the application;

[0078] Figure 11 Comparison of Huashan reservoir scheduling results under two groups of joint scheduling schemes of the application;

[0079] Figure 12 Comparison of Feshah river reservoir scheduling results under two groups of joint scheduling schemes of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0080] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the application.

[0081] In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art that mainly scheduling for a single reservoir, it is difficult to consider the interaction between cascade reservoirs and the joint scheduling benefit, it is difficult to cope with complex series-parallel cascade reservoir systems, and it is unable to effectively simulate the flood routing and joint scheduling process of multi-stage series-parallel cascade reservoirs, please refer to Figures 1-12 The embodiment provides the following technical solutions:

[0082] The flood control scheduling simulation method suitable for multi-stage series-parallel cascade reservoirs comprises the following steps:

[0083] Step one, basic data collection and arrangement: collecting the basic data of the basin to be simulated, the basic data of the reservoir, the flood control scheduling rules of the reservoir and the information of the water and rainfall monitoring station network;

[0084] In the embodiment, the basic data of the basin includes the basic data of the river system, high-precision elevation data (DEM) and rivers, lakes and reservoirs; the basic data of the reservoir includes the basic data of the characteristic water level, characteristic reservoir capacity, water level-reservoir capacity curve and water level-discharge curve of the cascade reservoir; the information of the water and rainfall monitoring station network includes the information of the rainfall station, water level station, flow station and hydrological station and the measured data thereof;

[0085] Step two, topological structure generation and processing considering the series-parallel relationship of the cascade reservoir: based on the collected data, the river network is extracted, the sub-basins are divided, the series-parallel relationship of the cascade reservoir is analyzed, the topological structure of the cascade reservoir is generated and standardized, and the generated topological structure is converted into a unified and standardized form, so as to facilitate subsequent analysis, calculation and model application;

[0086] Step three, cascade reservoir flood control scheduling simulation method and model construction based on the topological structure: combining the generated topological structure relationship of the cascade reservoir, the sub-basin process calculation, the flood control scheduling calculation and the river channel confluence calculation are respectively performed, and the model is constructed based on three-layer nested loops, and the simulation of the incoming flood and flood regulation process of the cascade reservoir is realized step by step from upstream to downstream;

[0087] Step four, simulation and scheme evaluation based on the model constructed based on three-layer nested loops: setting a flood forecasting scheme and a joint scheduling scheme, simulating the flood control scheduling process of the cascade reservoir under different schemes, and combining the simulation results to perform scheme comparison analysis and effect evaluation, and the steps include:

[0088] S401: Basic data review and storage, based on the basic data of the basin, the basic data of the reservoir, the flood control scheduling rules of the reservoir and the information of the water and rainfall monitoring station network collected and arranged in step one, after artificial review, standardization processing is performed according to the requirements of the real-time rainfall database table structure and identifier (SL323-2011) and is stored;

[0089] S402: modeling preprocessing and warehousing, based on the topological structure generation and processing considering the cascade reservoir series-parallel relationship, river network system extraction, sub-basin division and cascade reservoir topological structure generation are performed, and standardized processing and warehousing are performed;

[0090] S403: model selection and parameter warehousing, combined with the runoff concentration characteristics of the area to be simulated, the completeness of the basic data, the appropriate flood forecasting model, the river channel concentration calculation model and the reservoir flood regulation calculation model are selected, and the model parameters are determined through parameter calibration, and standardized processing and warehousing are performed according to the requirements of "Real-time Rainwater Database Table Structure and Identifier" (SL323-2011);

[0091] S404: database configuration, the link mode of database tables such as basic data, modeling data and model parameters is configured, and the database configuration is completed;

[0092] S405: scheme setting, for the cascade reservoirs of the area to be simulated, combined with the historical water and rain information and the predicted rainfall process, the flood forecasting scheme is set, the flood control safety of the downstream flood control protection area of the reservoir is considered, and the joint regulation scheme is set combined with the current flood season of the reservoir;

[0093] S406: system parameter receiving and running model, determine the running parameters such as the start time of the prediction period, the length of the prediction period, the time period, the length of the preheating period, and input them into the corresponding flood forecasting model, river channel concentration calculation model and reservoir flood regulation calculation model to run the model;

[0094] S407: flood process simulation under given scheme: based on the given flood forecasting scheme, the flood process of each sub-basin outlet section is simulated, and data analysis and display are performed;

[0095] S408: dispatching process simulation under given scheme: based on the given joint regulation scheme, the joint regulation process of cascade reservoirs is simulated, and data analysis and display are performed;

[0096] S409: by setting different schemes, flood process and reservoir dispatching process simulation are respectively performed, and scheme comparison analysis and effect evaluation are performed combined with the simulation results.

[0097] In the embodiment, through comprehensive integration of basin basic data, reservoir characteristic data and water and rain monitoring data, based on the topological structure standardized cascade reservoir system, combined with flood forecasting scheme and joint regulation scheme for simulation, and based on the simulation results for comprehensive evaluation, the scientificity and effectiveness of flood control regulation are improved, which can effectively solve the problem that the existing technology mainly regulates single reservoir, and it is difficult to consider the interaction and joint regulation benefit between cascade reservoirs, and can cope with complex series-parallel cascade reservoir system, simulate flood evolution and joint regulation process of multi-stage series-parallel cascade reservoirs.

[0098] In the present embodiment, the step two, the topological structure generation and processing considering the cascade reservoir series-parallel relationship, specifically includes:

[0099] S201: river network extraction: based on the high-precision elevation data of the to-be-simulated basin and the basin water system map, hydrological analysis is performed, the basic basin is divided (for example, the basic basin area is 5km 2 ), and the river network consistent with the real water system is extracted;

[0100] S202: sub-basin division: according to the actual distribution position of the cascade reservoir in the river network, the basic basin boundary is merged, the basic basin is merged and divided into a sub-basin consistent with the reservoir catchment area, so that it is adapted to the catchment area and the river network of the cascade reservoir, and a complete sub-basin outlet section is formed. In each sub-basin, the trunk stream and the branch stream path are determined in combination with the river network flow direction, and a plurality of sub-basins are divided;

[0101] S203: cascade reservoir series-parallel relationship analysis: based on the river network and the sub-basin range, the catchment area (i.e. the corresponding sub-basin) of each reservoir is determined, the series-parallel relationship of the cascade reservoir is identified according to the confluence relationship between the upstream and downstream reservoirs, including: parallel relationship: if the reservoir inflow is not affected by other reservoirs, it constitutes a parallel relationship with other reservoirs; series relationship: if the discharge of a certain reservoir flows into a downstream reservoir, the two constitute a series relationship; mixed relationship: combined with the parallel and series relationship, the complex mixed cascade reservoir structure is analyzed;

[0102] In the present embodiment, the parallel relationship: reservoir 1 and reservoir 2 are independent of each other, and both directly receive the flood of the sub-basin where they are located; the series relationship: the discharge of reservoir 1 and reservoir 2 flows through the river channel, first flows into reservoir 3, and the discharge of reservoir 3 flows through the river channel and flows into reservoir 4; the mixed relationship: the parallel reservoir 1 and reservoir 2 jointly affect the series reservoir 3 and reservoir 4;

[0103] S204: topological structure generation: based on the series-parallel relationship of the cascade reservoir, the association relationship of each reservoir with the upstream and downstream reservoirs is established, the preliminary topological structure is formed, and the calculation levels are distributed in the order from upstream to downstream, including but not limited to calculation level 1, calculation level 2 and calculation level 3;

[0104] In the present embodiment, the independent reservoir without upstream reservoir, i.e. the independent reservoir directly receiving the runoff of the sub-basin, is set as the calculation level 1 (such as reservoir 1 and reservoir 2), the reservoir receiving the discharge of the calculation level 1 reservoir is set as the calculation level 2 (such as reservoir 3), and the reservoir receiving the discharge of the calculation level 2 reservoir is set as the calculation level 3 (such as reservoir 4);

[0105] S205: Standardization processing: The data format of the preliminary formed cascade reservoir topology structure is processed, a topology relationship table is constructed, information including reservoir number, calculation level, upstream reservoir number, and inflow source (sub-basin / upstream reservoir) is recorded, and the standardized topology structure data is stored into the database to form a standardized topology structure table for subsequent model calling.

[0106] In the embodiment, the river network structure and the catchment area of the cascade reservoir are truly reflected, the geographical information accuracy of the flood simulation is ensured, the flood process is more accurately predicted, the series-parallel connection relationship of the cascade reservoir is clear, a more reasonable reservoir dispatching scheme is formulated, the benefits of flood control and power generation are improved, and the reasonable allocation of computing resources is realized.

[0107] In the embodiment, the step three: the cascade reservoir flood control dispatching simulation method and model construction based on the topology structure specifically includes:

[0108] S301: Sub-basin flood process calculation method:

[0109] Based on the sub-basin division result, the flood forecasting model is used to simulate the flood flow process of each sub-basin in combination with the flood forecasting scheme, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0110]

[0111] In the formula, Qm(t) represents the simulation flow of the mth sub-basin, MODEL represents the flood forecasting model, flood represents the flood forecasting model, represents the geographical characteristics of the mth sub-basin, represents the meteorological data in the mth sub-basin, and β flood represents the flood forecasting model parameters.

[0112] If a sub-basin completely covers the reservoir catchment range, the outlet section flow process of the sub-basin is the reservoir inflow flood process; if a sub-basin only covers part of the reservoir catchment range, the outlet section flow process of the sub-basin is the flood process of the corresponding catchment area of the reservoir.

[0113] S302: Independent reservoir flood control dispatching calculation method:

[0114] On the basis of the calculation level allocation result, the independent reservoir with the calculation level of 1 in the topology structure of the cascade reservoir is extracted, the total inflow of the current independent reservoir is calculated, the reservoir flood control calculation model is used to simulate the flood control dispatching process of the independent reservoir in combination with the set flood control dispatching scheme, the reservoir water level change process and the discharged flood process are obtained, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0115]

[0116] In the formula, j1 represents the j-th reservoir under calculation level 1. This represents the total inflow into the j1-th reservoir. This represents the number of sub-basins corresponding to the j1-th reservoir. This represents the simulated flow rate of the j-th reservoir into its sub-basin. MODEL represents the outflow from the j1th reservoir. operation This represents the reservoir flood control calculation model. This represents the initial water level of the j1th reservoir. This represents the water level-capacity curve of the j1th reservoir. This represents the water level-discharge curve of the j1th reservoir. This represents the flood control scheduling plan for the j1th reservoir;

[0117] S303: Calculation method for river confluence between upstream and downstream reservoirs:

[0118] Based on the calculated level allocation results, all reservoirs with a calculated level greater than 1 in the topology of the cascade reservoirs are extracted. For a reservoir at the current calculated level, the downstream flood discharge process of the corresponding upstream reservoir is obtained. A river confluence calculation model is used to simulate the river confluence process from the downstream of each upstream reservoir dam to the upstream of the current reservoir dam, and the total inflow of the current reservoir is calculated. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0119]

[0120] In the formula, j k This indicates the j-th reservoir at calculation level k. Indicates the j-th k The number of upstream reservoirs of the reservoir. Indicates reaching the j-th k The total discharge flow of the upstream reservoir of the reservoir, This indicates that after the l-th upstream reservoir releases its floodwaters, it reaches the j-th reservoir. k The flow rate of the reservoir, MODEL routing This represents the river confluence calculation model. This represents the discharge flow of the l-th upstream reservoir. and These represent the distance from the l-th upstream reservoir dam to the j-th downstream dam. k The length and gradient of the river channel in front of the reservoir dam, β routing Indicates the parameters of the river confluence calculation model;

[0121] S304: Calculation method for flood control scheduling of cascade reservoirs:

[0122] For a certain reservoir with a calculation level greater than 1, combined with the set scheduling scheme and the calculated total inflow, the reservoir flood control calculation model is used to simulate the current reservoir flood control scheduling process, and the current reservoir water level change process and the discharged flood process are obtained, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0123]

[0124] In the formula, j k represents the jth reservoir in the calculation level k, represents the total inflow of the jth k reservoir, represents the simulation flow of the jth k reservoir in the reservoir catchment area, represents the outflow of the jth k reservoir, represents the initial water level of the jth k reservoir [m], represents the water level-storage capacity curve of the jth k reservoir, represents the water level-discharge curve of the jth k reservoir, represents the flood control scheduling scheme of the jth reservoir;

[0125] S305: Model construction based on three-layer nested loop:

[0126] Through the three-layer nested loop setting of calculation level cycle, reservoir traversal cycle and time period iteration cycle, the inflow flood and flood control calculation process of the cascade reservoir are simulated hour by hour, reservoir by reservoir and level by level, and the model construction is realized.

[0127] In this embodiment, the three-layer loop setting method is as follows:

[0128] From the minimum calculation level to the maximum calculation level, the calculation level cycle of the cascade reservoir is formed, and the flood control calculation of the reservoir is performed level by level; under each calculation level, all reservoirs in the level are traversed, and the flood control calculation of each reservoir is performed; for each reservoir in the current calculation level, the time step is determined by taking the simulation start time as the starting point, combining the forecast period length and the time period length, forming the time period iteration cycle in the simulation period, and performing the flood control calculation hour by hour, thereby generating the cascade reservoir real-time forecast and joint scheduling model.

[0129] In the embodiment, the flood process of the sub-basin is calculated by a step-by-step calculation, the reservoir inflow flood is more accurately simulated, reliable basic data is provided for flood control regulation, the flood control regulation calculation of the independent reservoir and the cascade reservoir is helpful to develop a scientific reservoir regulation scheme, effectively reduce flood disasters, the logical sequence of the joint regulation calculation is clear, the orderly progress of the cascade reservoir flood regulation is ensured, the calculation efficiency and the accuracy of the simulation result are improved, the complex cascade reservoir structure can be processed, and the reservoir regulation demand of different series-parallel relations can be adapted.

[0130] In the embodiment, the S305: model construction based on a three-layer nested loop, comprises:

[0131] S3051: cascade reservoir series-parallel relation identification: the topological structure of the cascade reservoir in the to-be-simulated region is extracted from a database, the series-parallel and mixed connection relations among the cascade reservoirs are identified, and the calculation level of each reservoir is determined;

[0132] S3052: sub-basin calculation process simulation: the flood flow process of each sub-basin is calculated based on a flood forecast model, and the simulated sub-basin flood forecast result is stored in a sub-basin flood forecast achievement database;

[0133] S3053: model construction based on a three-layer nested loop: a three-layer loop setting method is used to form an iterative calculation loop with the calculation level as the first level, all the reservoirs at the corresponding level as the second level, and all the time periods in the simulation period as the third level, a certain reservoir at the current calculation level is taken as an object, the flood process discharged by the upstream reservoirs to the front of the current reservoir is calculated based on the discharge flood process of the current reservoir, the river channel confluence simulation model is used to obtain the flood process of the upstream reservoirs discharged to the front of the current reservoir, the interval inflow flood process of the current reservoir is obtained in combination with the sub-basin flood process simulation result, and the inflow flood process of the current reservoir is determined:

[0134] S3054: based on the model simulation result based on the three-layer nested loop, the inflow flood flow process of the current reservoir is taken as input data, the flood control regulation model is used for the hourly flood regulation calculation of the current reservoir, the reservoir water level change process and the discharge flow process of the current reservoir are simulated;

[0135] S3055: the discharge flow result of the current reservoir is taken as input data to provide boundary conditions for the river channel confluence simulation of the next calculation level reservoir;

[0136] S3056: when all the reservoirs at the current calculation level are traversed, the reservoir loop at the next calculation level is entered, and the above process is repeated until the calculation of all the reservoirs at the calculation level is completed;

[0137] S3057: When the reservoir circulation of all calculation levels ends, output the water level change process and the discharged flood process of each cascade reservoir in the simulation area, and save to the reservoir flood regulation calculation result database.

[0138] In the embodiment, the flood control regulation process of the complex cascade reservoir is simulated by considering the series-parallel connection relationship of the cascade reservoirs, the flood process and the water level change of each reservoir are simulated more accurately by identifying the series-parallel connection relationship of the cascade reservoirs and performing flood regulation calculation step by step, the accuracy of the simulation result is improved, different types of cascade reservoirs including series connection, parallel connection and mixed connection reservoirs can be adapted, and the adaptability is strong, the automatic operation of the model is realized through the three-layer nested loop, the simulation efficiency is improved, and the flood control regulation process of the cascade reservoir under different schemes is simulated.

[0139] The specific embodiment of the application is a cascade reservoir object formed by Huashan Reservoir and Feishahe Reservoir on the Huaihe River tributary of the Lihe River. In the embodiment, the simulation is started at 8:00 on July 14, 2024, the prediction period is 96 hours (i.e. 4 days), the calculation time step is 1 hour, and the flood prediction and joint regulation process simulation of the Huashan-Feishahe cascade reservoir is performed.

[0140] Step 1, basic information collection and arrangement:

[0141] The Lihe River is a right bank tributary of the upper reaches of the Huaihe River, with a basin area of 2012 km 2 , and a main stream length of 147 km, wherein, in the present case, the basin area of 174 km 2 is involved.

[0142] (1) Basic data of the basin:

[0143] Huashan Reservoir intercepts the upper reaches of the Lihe River in the Huaihe River basin, and is a large-scale water conservancy project with irrigation as the main purpose and comprehensive benefits such as flood control, power generation and aquaculture. The catchment area of Huashan Reservoir is 129 km 2 , the length of the river channel above the dam site is 24.8 km, and the average river channel gradient is 7.68 ‰.

[0144] Feishahe Reservoir is a medium-sized reservoir with flood control, irrigation and water supply as the main purpose and comprehensive benefits such as power generation and aquaculture. Feishahe Reservoir is located downstream of Huashan Reservoir, with a total catchment area of 174 km 2 , and a catchment area of 45 km 2 after deducting the interception area of Huashan Reservoir, the length of the river channel in the interval is 12.5 km, and the average river channel gradient is 3.3 ‰.

[0145] (2) Basic data of the reservoir:

[0146] HuaShan reservoir normal storage level 237.00m, design flood level 240.35m, check flood level 242.14m, flood season flood control limit water level is normal storage level 237.00m. HuaShan reservoir irrigation water pipe inlet elevation is 200m, water pipe design flow is 30m 3 / s.

[0147] Feishahe reservoir normal storage level 182.25m, design flood level 183.87m, check flood level 185.20m, flood season flood control limit water level is normal storage level 182.25m. Feishahe reservoir water tunnel inlet elevation is 161m, water pipe design flow is 80.5m 3 / s.

[0148] (3) reservoir flood control regulation:

[0149] HuaShan reservoir and Feishahe reservoir real-time regulation rules as follows:

[0150] 1) HuaShan reservoir:

[0151] ① when the reservoir water level close to normal storage level, can through water tunnel power generation or to downstream Feishahe reservoir irrigation and water supply water level regulation.

[0152] ② when the reservoir water level exceeds normal storage level, through open spillway free flood discharge.

[0153] 2) Feishahe reservoir:

[0154] ① flood season water level: reservoir normal storage level, reach normal water level reservoir overflow.

[0155] ② flood control regulation: when the reservoir flood discharge and downstream river channel have contradiction, downstream river channel safety obeys reservoir safety.

[0156] (4) water and rainfall monitoring station network information:

[0157] Because of this embodiment, using the assumed rainfall process, therefore, no need to collect rainfall station information in the basin range, only need to collect HuaShan reservoir and Feishahe reservoir water level station measured data.

[0158] Step 2, considering the topology structure generation of cascade reservoir series-parallel relationship:

[0159] According to the method described in step two, combined with the series-parallel topology structure of HuaShan-Feishahe cascade reservoir generated in this embodiment, the specific steps are as follows:

[0160] (1) according to the method described in step two, the river network system is extracted, and the river system distribution diagram of the basin where HuaShan reservoir and Feishahe reservoir are located in this embodiment is obtained;

[0161] (2) According to the method described in step two, the sub-basin division is carried out, and the sub-basin division results and the confluence path in this embodiment are obtained;

[0162] (3) Analysis of series-parallel relationship of cascade reservoirs. Huashan Reservoir and Feishahe Reservoir form a series of cascade reservoirs. After the rainstorm in the upper reaches of Huashan Reservoir produces flood into the reservoir, the flood is regulated and stored in Huashan Reservoir, and then discharged. The discharge process of Huashan Reservoir is superimposed on the flood process of the Huashan-Feishahe Reservoir catchment area, and then discharged into the Feishahe Reservoir after the flood is regulated and stored in the Feishahe Reservoir;

[0163] (4) Topological structure generation. According to the series-parallel relationship of cascade reservoirs obtained in step (3), the calculation topological structure of the series of Huashan Reservoir-Feishahe Reservoir cascade reservoirs is generated, so as to determine that the calculation level of Huashan Reservoir is 1 and the calculation level of Feishahe Reservoir is 2;

[0164] Step 3: Cascade reservoir flood control simulation method based on topological structure:

[0165] According to the sub-basin results divided in step 2 and the generated topological structure, the flood control simulation method of Huashan-Feishahe cascade reservoir is determined according to the method described in step three, and the specific method is as follows:

[0166] (1) Flood process calculation of 6 sub-basins:

[0167] For the 6 sub-basins divided, the flood forecast model is used to simulate the flood process at the outlet section of the 6 sub-basins, including the upstream Hehe River basin of Huashan Reservoir, the first tributary basin of Huashan Reservoir, the second tributary basin of Huashan Reservoir, the second tributary basin of Huashan Reservoir, the reservoir catchment area of Huashan Reservoir, and the Huashan-Feishahe Reservoir catchment area;

[0168] (2) Flood control calculation of independent reservoirs:

[0169] For the independent reservoirs (i.e. Huashan Reservoir) with a calculation level of 1, based on the sub-basin flood forecast simulation results, the flood processes of the 5 sub-basins, including the upstream Hehe River basin of Huashan Reservoir, the first tributary basin of Huashan Reservoir, the second tributary basin of Huashan Reservoir, the second tributary basin of Huashan Reservoir, and the reservoir catchment area of Huashan Reservoir, are superimposed to calculate the total inflow of Huashan Reservoir. Combined with the set Huashan Reservoir regulation scheme, the reservoir flood regulation calculation model is used to simulate the flood control process of Huashan Reservoir, and the reservoir water level change process and the discharge flood process of Huashan Reservoir are obtained;

[0170] (3) River confluence calculation between upper and lower reservoirs:

[0171] For the calculation level 2 reservoir (i.e. Feishahe Reservoir), based on the simulation results of the flood control scheduling calculation model of the upper reservoir (i.e. Huashan Reservoir), the flood discharge process of Huashan Reservoir is obtained; the river confluence process from the dam of Huashan Reservoir to the dam of Feishahe Reservoir is simulated by using the river confluence calculation model, and the flow of Huashan Reservoir into Feishahe Reservoir is obtained;

[0172] (4) Flood control scheduling calculation of cascade reservoirs:

[0173] For the calculation level 2 reservoir (i.e. Feishahe Reservoir), based on the simulation results of the flood control scheduling calculation model of the upper reservoir (i.e. Huashan Reservoir), the flood discharge process of Huashan Reservoir is obtained; the river confluence process from the dam of Huashan Reservoir to the dam of Feishahe Reservoir is simulated by using the river confluence calculation model, and the flow of Huashan Reservoir into Feishahe Reservoir is obtained;

[0174] (5) Joint scheduling calculation logic sequence:

[0175] According to the order of calculation levels 1 and 2, the flood control calculation of all reservoirs at the corresponding calculation level is carried out step by step, so as to realize the simulation of the flood control calculation process of each reservoir in the cascade reservoirs, and obtain the reservoir water level change process and the discharge flood process of all reservoirs.

[0176] Further, based on the setting scheme, the cascade reservoir real-time prediction and joint scheduling model is constructed:

[0177] According to the method described in step 3, the flood prediction and scheduling model of Huashan-Feishahe cascade reservoirs is constructed, specifically as follows:

[0178] (1) Basic data review and storage:

[0179] Based on the basic information collected and sorted in step 1, the basic data of the reservoir, the review and storage of the flood control scheduling rules of the reservoir are reviewed and stored;

[0180] (2) Modeling preprocessing and storage:

[0181] According to the method described in step S2, the river network extraction, sub-basin division and cascade reservoir topology structure generation are carried out, and after standardization processing, the storage is carried out;

[0182] (3) Model selection and parameter storage:

[0183] The Xin'anjiang model is selected for flood process prediction of the six sub-basins, and the staggered peak superposition method is selected for the river channel confluence calculation from the dam of Huashan Reservoir to the dam of Feishahe Reservoir. When the staggered peak superposition method is used, the length and slope of the confluence river channel need to be provided. According to the basic information collected in step 1, the length of the river channel from the dam of Huashan Reservoir to the dam of Feishahe Reservoir is 12.5 km, and the average slope of the river channel is 3.3‰, and the specific Figure 11 RIVER_LENGTH and RIVER_SLOPE fields;

[0184] (4) Scheme setting:

[0185] For the Huashan-Feishahe cascade reservoir, combined with historical and predicted water and rainfall information, considering the flood control safety of the downstream flood protection area of the reservoir, the flood prediction scheme and the joint scheduling scheme are set;

[0186] (5) Database configuration:

[0187] The database table names and database link methods for providing the basic information, model parameters, scheme setting, calculation results, etc. of the Huashan-Feishahe cascade reservoir modeling are provided, and the database configuration is completed;

[0188] (6) Real-time prediction and joint scheduling model construction:

[0189] The real-time prediction and joint scheduling model of the Huashan-Feishahe cascade reservoir is constructed by using the method described in step S3 and the method described in step S4.

[0190] Step 4, simulation and analysis of the flood control scheduling process of the cascade reservoir based on the set scheme:

[0191] The flood control scheduling process simulation and analysis of the Huashan-Feishahe cascade reservoir is performed according to the method described in step S4, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0192] (1) Scheme setting:

[0193] 1) Flood prediction scheme:

[0194] 1 set of flood prediction scheme (landfall rain + given rainfall pattern) is set, and the preheating period length of the Xin'anjiang model is 90 days. Under this flood prediction scheme, it is assumed that the hourly surface rainfall of the whole basin is 10 mm for 48 hours before the prediction period, and there is no rainfall for the next 48 hours. The Xin'anjiang model uses landfall rain in the preheating period.

[0195] 2) Joint scheduling scheme of cascade reservoir:

[0196] 2 sets of joint scheduling schemes of the Huashan-Feishahe cascade reservoir are set, and the specific conditions are as follows:

[0197] ① Joint scheduling scheme 1 (rule scheduling): the Huashan Reservoir and the Feishahe Reservoir both use scheduling rules, and the specific scheduling scheme is shown in Table 2.Figure 9 ;

[0198] ② Joint Dispatch Scheme 2 (Command Dispatch): Both Huashan Reservoir and Feishahe Reservoir will adopt command dispatch. The user will set the dispatch scheme for the two reservoirs after combining the watershed hydrological and rainfall analysis. For details, see [link to scheme]. Figure 12 .

[0199] (2) System parameter reception and operation model:

[0200] ① Receive system operating parameters, determine the calculation start time as 8:00 AM on July 14, 2024, the calculation time step as 1 hour, the forecast period as 96 time periods, and run the model in the following order:

[0201] ②Based on the established flood forecasting scheme, run the flood forecasting model to simulate flood processes in six sub-basins;

[0202] ① Based on the established joint dispatch scheme 1 and combined with the simulation results of the flood forecast scheme, the joint dispatch process of Huashan-Feishahe Reservoir was simulated;

[0203] ③ Based on the set joint dispatch scheme 2, and combined with the simulation results of the flood forecast scheme, the joint dispatch process of Huashan-Feishahe Reservoir was simulated.

[0204] (3) Flood forecast results for sub-basins:

[0205] Based on the rainfall events provided by the flood forecasting scheme (landfall rainfall + given rainfall pattern), the flood forecasting model was run to obtain the forecasted flood events for six sub-basins, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 6 .

[0206] (4) Simulation results under joint scheduling scheme 1:

[0207] Under the established joint dispatch scheme 1, Huashan Reservoir and Feishahe Reservoir are dispatched using the established joint dispatch scheme.

[0208] 1) Huashan Reservoir:

[0209] Depend on Figure 7 It is known that, due to the assumption in the flood forecasting scheme that the hourly areal rainfall across the entire basin would be 10 mm in the first 48 hours, the predicted inflow into Huashan Reservoir was relatively large, with the maximum peak flow reaching 365 m³ / h. 3 / s; The water level of Huashan Reservoir at the initial moment is 230.94m (lower than the normal storage level of 237.0m); Joint dispatch scheme 1 sets the dispatch scheme of Huashan Reservoir as follows: when the water level exceeds the normal storage level of 237.00m, the water will be freely discharged through the open spillway);

[0210] Depend on Figure 7As the floodwaters flowed in, the water level of Huashan Reservoir gradually increased. In the 36th time period at the start of the calculation, the water level exceeded the normal storage level of 237.0m, and the spillway allowed free discharge. However, the inflow exceeded the outflow, and the water level continued to rise until the 55th time period, when the inflow became less than the outflow, and the water level gradually decreased. Throughout the simulation, the maximum water level was 238.86m, higher than the normal storage level of 237.0m but lower than the design flood level of 240.35m.

[0211] 2) Feishahe Reservoir:

[0212] Depend on Figure 8 It can be seen that, due to the impounding effect of Huashan Reservoir, the inflow of floodwater into Feishahe Reservoir is smaller than that into Huashan Reservoir, with a maximum peak flow of 177 m³ / h. 3 / s; The water level of Feishahe Reservoir at the initial moment is 175.57m (lower than the normal storage level of 182.25m); Joint dispatch scheme 1 sets the dispatch scheme of Feishahe Reservoir as follows: when the normal storage level of 182.25m is reached, the water will be freely discharged through the spillway;

[0213] Depend on Figure 8 As the floodwaters from Huashan Reservoir and the inter-regional floodwaters converged, the water level of Feishahe Reservoir gradually increased. In the 52nd time period at the start of the calculation, the water level exceeded the normal storage level by 182.25m, and the spillway began to discharge water freely. However, the inflow was greater than the outflow, and the water level continued to rise until the 67th time period, when the inflow was less than the outflow, and the water level gradually decreased. Throughout the simulation, the maximum water level was 183.09m, higher than the normal storage level of 182.25m but lower than the design flood level of 183.87m.

[0214] (5) Simulation results under joint scheduling scheme 2:

[0215] Under the established joint dispatch scheme 2, Huashan Reservoir and Feishahe Reservoir are dispatched using the established joint dispatch scheme.

[0216] 1) Huashan Reservoir:

[0217] Depend on Figure 9 It is known that, due to the assumption in the flood forecasting scheme that the hourly areal rainfall across the entire basin would be 10 mm in the first 48 hours, the predicted inflow into Huashan Reservoir was relatively large, with the maximum peak flow reaching 365 m³ / h. 3 / s; The initial water level of Huashan Reservoir is 230.94m (lower than the normal storage level of 237.0m); Joint dispatching scheme 2 sets the dispatching scheme for Huashan Reservoir as follows: pre-discharge is carried out using irrigation water pipelines, with a design flow rate of 30m³ / s. 3 / s; When the water level exceeds the normal storage level, the spillway freely discharges floodwater;

[0218] From Figure 9 it can be seen that, at the same time of flood inflow, Huashan Reservoir releases water through irrigation water delivery pipe at a rate of 30 m 3 / s, the inflow is greater than the outflow, and the reservoir water level continues to rise. At the 38th period of the calculation, the reservoir water level exceeds the normal storage level of 237.0 m, the spillway is free to release flood, but the inflow is still greater than the total outflow, and the reservoir water level keeps rising. Until the 56th period of the calculation, the inflow is less than the total outflow, and the reservoir water level gradually decreases. Throughout the simulation process, the maximum reservoir water level is 238.43 m, which is higher than the normal storage level of 237.0 m, and lower than the design flood level of 240.35 m.

[0219] 2) Feishahe Reservoir:

[0220] From Figure 10 it can be seen that, due to the interception of Huashan Reservoir, the inflow of Feishahe Reservoir is smaller than that of Huashan Reservoir, and the maximum flood peak flow is 188 m 3 / s; the water level of Feishahe Reservoir at the initial time is 175.50 m (lower than the normal storage level of 182.25 m); the joint scheduling scheme 2 sets the scheduling scheme of Feishahe Reservoir as follows: pre-release is adopted through the water delivery tunnel, and the design flow of the water delivery tunnel is 80.5 m 3 / s; the water level exceeds the normal storage level, and the spillway is free to release flood;

[0221] From Figure 10 it can be seen that, at the same time of flood inflow and Huashan Reservoir release, pre-release is carried out through the water delivery tunnel at a rate of 80.5 m 3 / s. In the first 5 periods of the calculation, the outflow is greater than the inflow, and the reservoir water level decreases slightly; from the 6th period to the 76th period of the calculation, since the reservoir water level does not reach the normal storage level, only 80.5 m 3 / s is released through the water delivery tunnel, but the inflow is still greater than the outflow, and the reservoir water level gradually rises; from the 77th period, the inflow is less than the outflow, and the reservoir water level gradually decreases. Throughout the simulation process, the maximum reservoir water level is 180.13 m, which is lower than the normal storage level of 182.25 m.

[0222] (6) Comparison and analysis of the scheduling process under the two scheduling schemes:

[0223] As Figure 11 shown in the figure is the comparison of the flood control scheduling results of Huashan Reservoir under the two joint scheduling schemes. As can be seen from the figure, under the joint scheduling scheme 2, the pre-release flow of Huashan Reservoir is smaller and the reservoir capacity is larger, so that the reservoir water level change process of Huashan Reservoir under the joint scheduling scheme 2 and scheme 1 is not much different.

[0224] As Figure 12The comparison of flood control scheduling results of Feishahe Reservoir under two groups of joint scheduling schemes is shown. As shown in the figure, under the joint scheduling scheme 2, the Feishahe Reservoir is pre-discharged at 80.5m 3 / s, so that the rise of the water level of the Feishahe Reservoir is obviously slower than that of scheme 1. Under the joint scheduling scheme 1, the highest water level of the Feishahe Reservoir reaches 183.09m, which is higher than the normal storage level 182.25m and slightly lower than the design flood level 183.87m; and under the joint scheduling scheme 2, the highest water level of the Feishahe Reservoir is 180.13m, which is obviously lower than the normal storage level 182.25m. That is to say, the pre-discharge scheme set by the joint scheduling scheme 2 is helpful to the flood control safety of the Feishahe Reservoir.

[0225] In order to better realize the flood control scheduling simulation method suitable for multi-stage series-parallel cascade reservoirs, the application provides a flood control scheduling simulation system suitable for multi-stage series-parallel cascade reservoirs, which comprises:

[0226] A basic data processing module is used to collect and process basic data of a basin, basic data of reservoirs and information of a water and rain monitoring station network, so as to provide input data for subsequent model calculation;

[0227] A topological structure generation module is used to analyze series-parallel connection relationship of cascade reservoirs based on data collected by the basic data processing module, generate a topological structure of the cascade reservoirs, and output a standardized topological relationship table, such as Table 1.

[0228] A sub-basin flood forecasting module is used to select a suitable flood forecasting model according to the runoff yield characteristics of a sub-basin, calibrate model parameters, simulate and output a flood flow process at an outlet section of the sub-basin;

[0229] A reservoir flood regulation calculation module is used to simulate the incoming flood process and flood control scheduling process of a reservoir, calculate river channel confluence between upper and lower reservoirs, and output the reservoir water level change process and the discharged flood process of each reservoir based on the topological structure relationship of the cascade reservoirs in sequence according to the calculation level order;

[0230] A scheme setting and simulation evaluation module is used to run the model based on the set flood forecasting scheme and joint scheduling scheme, evaluate the flood control scheduling process and effect of the cascade reservoirs under the set scheme, generate a running evaluation report, and provide optimization suggestions for the scheduling scheme;

[0231] Table 1 is a time-space topological structure relationship table of calculation sub-basins and river networks

[0232]

[0233]

[0234] The fields of the table structure are described as follows:

[0235] 1) Watershed code: sub-watershed code, with uniqueness.

[0236] 2) Watershed name: watershed name corresponding to the watershed code.

[0237] 3) Reservoir code: when the sub-watershed flood flows into the reservoir, the corresponding reservoir code is given, with uniqueness.

[0238] 4) Reservoir name: reservoir name corresponding to the reservoir code.

[0239] 5) Upper river code: sub-watershed or reservoir corresponding to the upper river / reservoir code.

[0240] 6) Upper river name: river / reservoir name corresponding to the upper river code.

[0241] 7) Upper river level: the calculation level of the upper river code.

[0242] 8) Section stake number: section stake number of the sub-watershed or reservoir into the upper river / reservoir.

[0243] 9) Peak-shifting superposition: whether to use the peak-shifting superposition calculation scheme, field value 1 indicates adoption, and field value 0 indicates non-adoption.

[0244] 10) River length: length of the confluence river, km.

[0245] 11) River slope: confluence river slope, ‰.

[0246] In this embodiment, the system can automatically identify the series-parallel connection relationship of cascade reservoirs, perform reservoir flood regulation calculation based on the topological structure from upstream to downstream, combine real-time water and weather data and weather forecast data, complete joint flood control simulation of cascade reservoirs, output reservoir water level change process, discharged flood process and regulation evaluation results, and provide scientific decision support for regional flood control.

[0247] The above is only the preferred specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, any skilled person in the art can make equivalent replacement or change according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present application within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A flood control scheduling simulation method adaptable to multi-stage series and parallel cascade reservoirs, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, Basic Data Collection and Organization: Collect basic watershed data, reservoir data, reservoir flood control and dispatching procedures, and information on water and rainfall monitoring stations for the area to be simulated; Step 2, consider the generation and processing of the topology of the cascade reservoir series-parallel relationship: Based on the collected basic data, extract the river network system, divide the sub-basins, analyze the series-parallel relationship of the cascade reservoirs, generate the topology of the cascade reservoirs, and perform standardization processing. Step 3, Cascade Reservoir Flood Control Scheduling Simulation Method and Model Construction Based on Topology: Combining the generated cascade reservoir topology, sub-basin process calculations, flood control scheduling calculations, and river confluence calculations are performed respectively. A model is constructed based on a three-layer nested loop to simulate the inflow flood and flood regulation calculation process of the cascade reservoirs from upstream to downstream. Step three: The simulation method and model construction for flood control scheduling of cascade reservoirs based on topology structure specifically includes: S301: Calculation method for flood processes in sub-basins: Based on the sub-basin division results and combined with the flood forecasting scheme, a flood forecasting model is used to simulate the flood discharge process of each sub-basin. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, This represents the simulated flow rate of the m-th sub-basin. This represents a flood forecasting model. This represents the geographical characteristics of the m-th sub-basin. This represents the meteorological data within the m-th sub-basin. Indicates the parameters of the flood forecasting model; If a sub-basin completely covers the reservoir's catchment area, then the discharge process at the outlet section of that sub-basin is the inflow flood process of the reservoir; if a sub-basin only covers a part of the reservoir's catchment area, then the discharge process at the outlet section of that sub-basin is the flood process of the corresponding catchment area of ​​the reservoir. S302: Calculation method for flood control scheduling of independent reservoirs: Based on the calculated level allocation results, the reservoirs corresponding to the calculated levels in the topology of the cascade reservoirs are extracted. The total inflow of the reservoir corresponding to the current calculated level is calculated. Combined with the set flood control scheduling scheme, a reservoir flood control calculation model is used to simulate the flood control scheduling process of the reservoir corresponding to the current calculated level, and the reservoir water level change process and the downstream flood discharge process are obtained. The calculation formulas are as follows: , In the formula, This indicates the j-th reservoir under calculation level 1. This represents the total inflow into the j1-th reservoir. This represents the number of sub-basins corresponding to the j1-th reservoir. This represents the simulated flow rate of the j-th reservoir into its sub-basin. This represents the outflow from the j1th reservoir. This represents the reservoir flood control calculation model. This represents the initial water level of the j1th reservoir. This represents the water level-capacity curve of the j1th reservoir. This represents the water level-discharge curve of the j1th reservoir. This represents the flood control scheduling plan for the j1th reservoir; S303: Calculation method for river confluence between upstream and downstream reservoirs: Based on the calculation level allocation results, extract all reservoirs corresponding to calculation levels other than the calculation level in step S302 from the topology of the cascade reservoirs. For a reservoir at the current calculation level, obtain the downstream flood discharge process of the corresponding upstream reservoir. Use a river confluence calculation model to simulate the river confluence process from the downstream of each upstream reservoir dam to the upstream of the current reservoir dam, and calculate the total inflow of the current reservoir. The calculation formula is as follows: , In the formula, This indicates the j-th reservoir at level k, where k >

1. Indicates the j-th k The number of upstream reservoirs of the reservoir. Indicates reaching the j-th k The total discharge flow of the upstream reservoir of the reservoir, This indicates that after the l-th upstream reservoir releases its floodwaters, it reaches the j-th reservoir. k The flow rate of the reservoir This represents the river confluence calculation model. This represents the discharge flow of the l-th upstream reservoir. and These represent the distance from the l-th upstream reservoir dam to the j-th downstream dam. k The length and slope of the river channel in front of the reservoir dam, Indicates the parameters of the river confluence calculation model; S304: Calculation method for flood control scheduling of cascade reservoirs: For the reservoir corresponding to step S303, based on the set scheduling scheme and the calculated total inflow, a reservoir flood control calculation model is used to simulate the current flood control scheduling process of the reservoir, obtaining the current reservoir water level change process and the flood discharge process. The calculation formula is as follows: , In the formula, This indicates the j-th reservoir at calculation level k. Indicates the j-th k The total inflow of the reservoir, Indicates the j-th k Simulated flow rate of the reservoir's catchment area. Indicates the j-th k The outflow from the reservoir, Indicates the j-th k The initial water level of the reservoir [m] Indicates the j-th k The water level-capacity curve of the reservoir. Indicates the j-th k The water level-discharge curve of the reservoir, Let j represent the flood control scheduling plan for the j-th reservoir; S305: Model construction based on three nested loops: By setting up a three-level nested loop of calculation level loop, reservoir traversal loop, and time period iteration loop, the model is constructed by simulating the flood inflow and flood regulation calculation process of cascade reservoirs on a time period, reservoir by reservoir, and level by level. Step 4, Model Simulation and Scheme Evaluation: Set up flood forecasting and joint dispatching schemes, simulate the flood control dispatching process of cascade reservoirs under different schemes, and conduct comparative analysis and effect evaluation of the schemes based on the model simulation results.

2. The flood control scheduling simulation method for multi-stage series and parallel cascade reservoirs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The basic data of the watershed includes: watershed river system maps containing rivers, lakes and reservoirs, high-precision elevation data, and basic data of rivers, lakes and reservoirs; among which, the basic data of reservoirs includes: basic data of reservoir characteristic water levels, characteristic storage capacity, water level-storage capacity curves, and water level-discharge curves; the information of the water and rainfall monitoring network includes: information of the water and rainfall monitoring network including rain gauges, water level stations, flow stations, and hydrological stations, as well as their measured data.

3. The flood control scheduling simulation method for multi-stage series and parallel cascade reservoirs as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Step two, which considers the generation and processing of the topology of the series-parallel relationship of cascade reservoirs, specifically includes: S201: River network extraction: Based on the high-precision elevation data of the watershed to be simulated and the watershed river system map, hydrological analysis is performed to divide the basic watershed and extract the river network consistent with the real river system. S202: Sub-basin division: Based on the actual distribution of cascade reservoirs in the river network, the boundaries of the basic basin are merged to divide the basin into several sub-basins; S203: Analysis of the series and parallel relationships of cascade reservoirs: Based on the river network and sub-basin scope, the catchment area of ​​each reservoir is determined, and the series and parallel relationships of cascade reservoirs are identified according to the confluence relationship between upstream and downstream reservoirs; S204: Topology generation: Based on the series and parallel relationships of cascade reservoirs, establish the association relationship between each reservoir and the upstream and downstream reservoirs to form a preliminary topology. According to the series and parallel relationships, the calculation levels are assigned in order from upstream to downstream. S205: Standardization Processing: The preliminary cascade reservoir topology is formatted to construct a topology relationship table, and the standardized topology data is stored in the database.

4. The flood control scheduling simulation method for multi-stage series and parallel cascade reservoirs as described in claim 3, characterized in that, S305: Model construction based on three nested loops, including: S3051: Identification of Series and Parallel Relationships of Cascade Reservoirs: Extract the topology of cascade reservoirs in the area to be simulated from the database, identify the series, parallel, and mixed relationships between cascade reservoirs, and determine the calculation level of each reservoir; S3052: Sub-basin flood process simulation: Calculate the flood flow process of each sub-basin based on the flood forecasting model, and store the simulated sub-basin flood forecasting results in the sub-basin flood forecasting results database; S3053: Model simulation based on three-level nested loop: The three-level loop setting method is adopted to form an iterative calculation loop with the calculation level as the first level, all reservoirs under the corresponding level as the second level, and all time periods within the simulation period as the third level.

5. The flood control scheduling simulation method for multi-stage series and parallel cascade reservoirs as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The model simulation based on three nested loops includes: Taking a reservoir at the current calculation level as the object, based on the downstream flood process of the upstream reservoir corresponding to the current reservoir, the flood process of the upstream reservoir reaching the dam of the current reservoir is calculated using the river confluence calculation model. Combined with the sub-basin flood process simulation results, the interval inflow flood process of the current reservoir is obtained, and the inflow flood process of the current reservoir is determined.

6. The flood control scheduling simulation method for multi-stage series and parallel cascade reservoirs as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The model construction based on three nested loops also includes: S3054: Based on the simulation results of the model with three nested loops, the current discharge flow of the reservoir is used as input data to provide boundary conditions for the channel confluence simulation of the next calculation level reservoir; S3055: After all reservoirs at the current calculation level have been traversed, the next calculation level's reservoir cycle begins, and the above process is repeated until all reservoirs at all calculation levels have been calculated. S3056: When all reservoir cycles of all calculation levels are completed, output the water level change process and flood discharge process of each cascade reservoir in the simulation area, and save them to the reservoir flood control calculation results database.

7. The flood control scheduling simulation method for multi-stage series and parallel cascade reservoirs as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Step four, model simulation and scheme evaluation, includes the following steps: S401: Basic data verification and storage: Based on the collected and organized basic watershed data, basic reservoir data, reservoir flood control operation procedures and hydrological and rainfall monitoring station network information, the data is manually verified, standardized, and then stored. S402: Modeling Preprocessing and Database Storage: Based on the generation and processing of topology considering the series and parallel relationships of cascade reservoirs, river network system extraction, sub-basin division and cascade reservoir topology generation are carried out, and standardized processing and database storage are performed. S403: Model selection and parameter input: Based on the runoff characteristics of the area to be simulated and the completeness of basic data, select the corresponding flood forecasting model, river runoff calculation model, and reservoir flood control calculation model, and determine the model parameters through parameter calibration. S404: Database Configuration: Configure the database table connection method to complete the database configuration; S405: Scheme Setting: For the cascade reservoirs in the area to be simulated, a flood forecasting scheme is set up based on historical water and rainfall information and forecasted rainfall processes. Considering the flood control safety of the downstream flood protection zone of the reservoir, a joint dispatching scheme is set up based on the current flood situation of the reservoir. S406: Parameter Reception and Operation Model: Determine the operation parameters such as the start time of the forecast period, the length of the forecast period, the duration of the time period, and the length of the warm-up period, and input them into the corresponding flood forecast model, river confluence calculation model, and reservoir flood control calculation model to run the model; S407: Flood Process Simulation under Given Scheme: Simulate the flood process at the outlet section of each sub-basin based on the flood forecast scheme, and perform data analysis and display; S408: Simulation of the scheduling process under a given scheme: Simulate the joint scheduling process of cascade reservoirs based on the joint scheduling scheme, and perform data analysis and display; S409: By setting different flood forecasting schemes and joint dispatching schemes, the flood process and reservoir dispatching process are simulated respectively, and the schemes are compared and analyzed and their effects are evaluated based on the simulation results.

8. A flood control scheduling simulation system adapted to multi-stage series and parallel cascade reservoirs, applied in the flood control scheduling simulation method adapted to multi-stage series and parallel cascade reservoirs as described in claim 7, characterized in that, include: The basic data processing module is used to collect and process basic watershed data, basic reservoir data, and information from water and rainfall monitoring stations. The topology generation module is used to analyze the series and parallel relationships of cascade reservoirs based on the data collected by the basic data processing module, generate the topology of cascade reservoirs, and output a standardized topology table. The sub-basin flood forecasting module is used to select the corresponding flood forecasting model and calibrate the model parameters according to the runoff generation and confluence characteristics of the sub-basin, and to simulate and output the flood discharge process at the outlet section of the sub-basin. The reservoir flood control calculation module is used to simulate the inflow flood process and flood control scheduling process of reservoirs step by step according to the calculation level based on the topological relationship of cascade reservoirs, calculate the confluence of rivers between upper and lower level reservoirs, and output the reservoir water level change process and flood discharge process of each reservoir. The scheme setting and simulation evaluation module is used to run the model based on the set flood forecast scheme and joint dispatch scheme, evaluate the flood control dispatch process and effect of cascade reservoirs under the set scheme, generate an operation evaluation report, and provide optimization suggestions for the dispatch scheme.

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