A method and device for configuring hybrid energy storage capacity in a power system considering carbon emissions

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and device for configuring hybrid energy storage capacity in an electric power system that takes carbon emissions into consideration, including: determining the actual power generation of each renewable energy source based on the historical power generation data of each renewable energy source; calculating the difference between the actual power generation and the historical load demand, i.e., the mismatch power; determining the energy storage unit capacity of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system based on the mismatch power; determining the actual energy storage capacity of the hybrid energy storage system; determining the energy storage charging capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity; calculating the carbon emissions per unit capacity of energy storage based on the full life cycle inventory of each determined energy storage method; and performing full life cycle carbon emission accounting on the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage charging capacity and carbon emissions to obtain a full life cycle carbon emission accounting result. This method can determine the hybrid energy storage capacity in a scenario with a high proportion of renewable energy and take environmental impact into consideration, which is conducive to the development of the electric power system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hybrid energy storage configuration of power systems, and in particular to, but not limited to, a method and device for configuring hybrid energy storage capacity of power systems taking carbon emissions into consideration. Background Art

[0002] As the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix continues to rise, the inherent intermittency and instability of renewable energy present new challenges to the power system. Traditional power systems have long suffered from relatively weak energy storage capacity, making the balance between power supply and demand highly dependent on additional investment in power generation infrastructure. However, as renewable energy continues to expand, maintaining this balance will become increasingly complex, necessitating systematic technological innovation and optimization.

[0003] Energy storage systems are an effective way to address the intermittent and unstable nature of renewable energy. They can quickly smooth fluctuations in renewable energy generation. For example, they can store energy during periods of excess power generation and release it during periods of insufficient power generation, thereby ensuring a stable power supply. Furthermore, due to the varying characteristics and performance of each energy storage technology, no single form of energy storage fully meets the requirements of all applications. Therefore, hybrid energy storage is often used in practice.

[0004] Numerous studies have been conducted on optimizing the configuration of energy storage for power systems with low carbon considerations. However, most of these studies only consider carbon emissions generated during the operation of energy storage, without accounting for carbon emissions from the entire life cycle. When optimizing energy storage configuration for power systems with high renewable energy penetration under the "dual carbon" goals, comprehensive consideration of the carbon emissions of energy storage systems is necessary. Therefore, it is essential to calculate the carbon emissions of each energy storage method over its entire life cycle and quantify its environmental impact while meeting load demands. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a method and device for configuring the hybrid energy storage capacity of an electric power system taking carbon emissions into consideration. The method mainly involves determining the capacity of a hybrid energy storage system under a scenario with a high proportion of renewable energy power generation penetration, and calculating the carbon emissions of the selected hybrid energy storage combination over its entire life cycle. The method aims to evaluate the environmental impact of the hybrid energy storage system over its entire life cycle and promote the development of renewable energy power generation and new electric power systems.

[0006] The technical method of the embodiment of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for configuring hybrid energy storage capacity in a power system considering carbon emissions, the method comprising:

[0008] Obtain historical power generation data and historical load demand for each renewable energy source;

[0009] determining the actual power generation of each of the renewable energy sources based on historical power generation data of each of the renewable energy sources;

[0010] The difference between the actual power generation and the historical load demand is calculated, and the difference is determined as the mismatch power. The mismatch power is calculated as follows: Where, is the installed capacity of renewable energy i; is the capacity factor of renewable energy i at time t; is the historical load demand at time t;

[0011] Based on the mismatch power, determining the capacity of the energy storage unit of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system;

[0012] Based on the preset constraints, the actual energy storage capacity of the hybrid energy storage system is determined; the actual energy storage capacity satisfies the following formula: Where, to generate electricity for the surplus; for the remaining demand; ; is the overcurrent protection coefficient; is the available state of charge range of the energy storage; is the utilization factor, which represents the available capacity before the end of the energy storage life cycle;

[0013] Determining the energy storage charging capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity;

[0014] Based on the full life cycle inventory of each energy storage method, the carbon emissions per unit capacity of energy storage are calculated. The carbon emissions per unit capacity of energy storage are expressed as: Where, Indicates the Material manufacturing stage; Indicates the Item material recovery stage; Indicates the Item manufacturing process; For the Carbon emission factor of the corresponding stage of each material;

[0015] Based on the energy storage charging power and the carbon emissions, a full life cycle carbon emissions accounting is performed on the hybrid energy storage system to obtain a full life cycle carbon emissions accounting result.

[0016] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for configuring hybrid energy storage capacity in a power system taking carbon emissions into consideration, the device comprising:

[0017] An acquisition module, used to obtain historical power generation data and historical load demand of each renewable energy source;

[0018] a determination module, configured to determine an actual power generation of each of the renewable energy sources based on historical power generation data of each of the renewable energy sources;

[0019] A calculation module is configured to calculate a difference between the actual power generation and the historical load demand, and determine the difference as mismatch power; the mismatch power is calculated as follows: Where, is the installed capacity of renewable energy i; is the capacity factor of renewable energy i at time t; is the historical load demand at time t;

[0020] The determining module is further configured to determine the capacity of the energy storage unit of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system based on the mismatch power;

[0021] The determination module is further configured to determine the actual energy storage capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on preset constraints; the actual energy storage capacity satisfies the following formula: Where, to generate electricity for the surplus; for the remaining demand; ; is the overcurrent protection coefficient; is the available state of charge range of the energy storage; is the utilization factor, which represents the available capacity before the end of the energy storage life cycle;

[0022] The determination module is further configured to determine the energy storage charging capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity;

[0023] The calculation module is further configured to calculate the carbon emissions per unit capacity of energy storage produced based on the determined full life cycle inventory of each energy storage method; the carbon emissions per unit capacity of energy storage produced is expressed as: Where, Indicates the Material manufacturing stage; Indicates the Item material recovery stage; Indicates the Item manufacturing process; For the Carbon emission factor of the corresponding stage of each material;

[0024] The accounting module is used to perform a full life cycle carbon emission accounting for the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage charging power and the carbon emissions, and obtain a full life cycle carbon emission accounting result.

[0025] In some embodiments, the determination module is further configured to scale the total demand curve of each renewable energy source using a preset capacity factor to obtain a power generation curve for each renewable energy source; the preset capacity factor is configured to represent a ratio between actual power generation and installed capacity; and based on the power generation curve and the preset capacity factor, calculate the actual power generation corresponding to each renewable energy source at different time points; the formula for the actual power generation is as follows: Where, is the actual power generation; For installed capacity.

[0026] In some embodiments, the method further includes: a division module for dividing the mismatch power into low frequency, medium frequency, and high frequency based on a preset filtering control strategy; determining energy storage modes corresponding to the medium frequency and the high frequency; the energy storage modes include long-term and short-term; and the required rated power is: ;in, , n represents the energy storage type, i.e., long-term or short-term; is the power flow of long / short term energy storage at time t.

[0027] In some embodiments, the determination module is further configured to classify the mismatch power type into surplus power generation and surplus demand; the surplus power generation represents the excess power generation; the surplus demand represents the power gap that needs to be supplemented; the surplus power generation represents the excess power generation; the surplus demand represents the power gap that needs to be supplemented; and the remaining demand Respectively expressed as: When the mismatch power type is the surplus power generation, the energy storage state at time t is as follows: When the mismatch power type is the remaining demand, the energy storage state at time t is as follows: Where, For energy storage Energy state at any moment; and Energy storage after charging and discharging Energy state at any moment; and The start and end time of the corresponding time period; and Represent the efficiency of energy storage charging and discharging respectively; is the duration of complete self-discharge of energy storage;

[0028] The capacity of the energy storage unit is: .

[0029] In some embodiments, the determination module is further configured to determine, based on the capacity of the energy storage unit, the amount of energy transmitted from the hybrid energy storage system to the power system in each year; the amount of energy transmitted is expressed as: ; is the remaining demand of energy storage type n; based on the actual energy storage capacity, the charge and discharge loss of the hybrid energy storage system is calculated; the charge and discharge loss is expressed as: ; Charging power for energy storage; Charging efficiency for energy storage; is the energy storage discharge efficiency; for The energy state of energy storage at each moment; the sum of the transmission energy and the charge and discharge loss is determined as the energy storage charging capacity; the energy storage charging capacity is expressed as: Where, Charge the energy storage; is the charge and discharge loss; To transmit energy.

[0030] In some embodiments, the configuration module is further configured to perform a full life cycle carbon emissions calculation for the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage charging power, the carbon emissions, the transmission energy, and the energy storage installed capacity, to obtain the full life cycle carbon emissions calculation result; the full life cycle carbon emissions calculation formula is expressed as: Where, The amount of electricity used to charge the energy storage system; the carbon intensity of the power source used to charge the energy storage; Carbon emissions per unit of energy storage capacity produced; is the actual capacity of energy storage; The energy transmitted from the energy storage system to the power system.

[0031] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising: a memory for storing executable instructions; and a processor for implementing the above-mentioned method for configuring hybrid energy storage capacity of a power system considering carbon emissions when executing the executable instructions stored in the memory.

[0032] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions for causing a processor to execute the executable instructions to implement the above-mentioned method for configuring hybrid energy storage capacity of a power system considering carbon emissions.

[0033] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method and device for configuring the hybrid energy storage capacity of an electric power system taking carbon emissions into consideration. The method and device determine the actual power generation of each renewable energy source based on the historical power generation data of each renewable energy source; calculate the difference between the actual power generation and the historical load demand, and determine the difference as the mismatch power; determine the capacity of the energy storage unit of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system based on the mismatch power; determine the actual energy storage capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on preset constraints; determine the energy storage charging capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity; calculate the carbon emissions of the production unit capacity of energy storage based on the full life cycle list of each determined energy storage method; perform full life cycle carbon emission accounting for the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage charging capacity and carbon emissions, and obtain a full life cycle carbon emission accounting result. In this way, the present invention first analyzes the current status of power production in the region, determines the power generation of various renewable energy power generation types, establishes the actual required scenario through the capacity factor, and then obtains the capacity of the energy storage system through a series of calculations such as mismatch power according to the selected energy storage type. In addition, a full life cycle list of energy storage is compiled based on the selected energy storage method, and the carbon emissions of the energy storage system over its entire life cycle are calculated based on the list content and power-related calculations to evaluate its impact on the environment. The present invention can determine the capacity of hybrid energy storage in a scenario with a high proportion of renewable energy and take environmental impact into account, which is conducive to the development of new power systems. The present invention can determine the capacity of hybrid energy storage systems in the context of new power systems, and at the same time use a full life cycle assessment method to consider their environmental impact, which is conducive to the development of new power systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hybrid energy storage capacity configuration system for a power system considering carbon emissions provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a method for configuring hybrid energy storage capacity in a power system taking carbon emissions into consideration, provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of a novel method for configuring hybrid energy storage capacity in a power system taking carbon emissions into consideration, provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of load conditions of an embodiment provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 2 is a schematic diagram of the mismatch power filtering result provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of low-frequency thermal power compensation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7Schematic diagram of energy states of various energy storage methods provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram comparing the full life cycle carbon emissions per unit capacity of energy storage according to two embodiments provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hybrid energy storage capacity configuration device for a power system considering carbon emissions provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments should not be regarded as limiting the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In the following description, references to "some embodiments" describe a subset of all possible embodiments. However, it is understood that "some embodiments" may be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments, and may be combined with each other without conflict. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present invention pertain. The terms used in the embodiments of the present invention are for the purpose of describing the embodiments of the present invention only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0046] The following describes an exemplary application of a device for configuring hybrid energy storage capacity for a power system with consideration of carbon emissions according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device for configuring hybrid energy storage capacity for a power system with consideration of carbon emissions provided by an embodiment of the present invention can be implemented as either a terminal or a server. In one implementation, the device for configuring hybrid energy storage capacity for a power system with consideration of carbon emissions provided by an embodiment of the present invention can be implemented as various types of terminals, such as laptops, tablets, desktop computers, and mobile devices. In another implementation, the device for configuring hybrid energy storage capacity for a power system with consideration of carbon emissions provided by an embodiment of the present invention can also be implemented as a server. The server can be a standalone physical server, a server cluster or distributed system consisting of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server that provides basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communications, middleware services, domain name services, security services, content delivery networks (CDNs), and big data and artificial intelligence platforms. The terminal and server can be connected directly or indirectly via wired or wireless communication, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present invention. The following describes an exemplary application of the device for configuring hybrid energy storage capacity for a power system with consideration of carbon emissions, when implemented as a server.

[0047] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the hybrid energy storage capacity configuration system 10 for a power system considering carbon emissions provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In order to realize the capacity configuration of hybrid energy storage for a power system, an embodiment of the present invention may provide a hybrid energy storage capacity configuration platform for a power system considering carbon emissions, and the hybrid energy storage capacity configuration platform for a power system considering carbon emissions may be implemented as a hybrid energy storage capacity configuration application for a power system considering carbon emissions. The hybrid energy storage capacity configuration system 10 for a power system considering carbon emissions provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes a terminal 110, a network 120 and a server 130, wherein the server 130 is a server of the hybrid energy storage capacity configuration application for a power system considering carbon emissions. The server 130 may constitute a hybrid energy storage capacity configuration device for a power system considering carbon emissions according to an embodiment of the present invention. The terminal 110 is connected to the server 130 via the network 120, and the network 120 may be a wide area network or a local area network, or a combination of the two.

[0048] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1When configuring hybrid energy storage capacity for a power system that considers carbon emissions, terminal 110 transmits historical power generation data and historical load demands to server 130 via network 120. Server 130 receives the historical power generation data and historical load demands transmitted by terminal 110 and determines the actual power generation of each renewable energy source. It calculates the difference between the actual power generation and the historical load demands, and defines the difference as mismatch power. Based on the mismatch power, it determines the capacity of each energy storage unit in the hybrid energy storage system. Based on preset constraints, it determines the actual energy storage capacity of the hybrid energy storage system. Based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity, it determines the energy storage charging capacity of the hybrid energy storage system. Based on the determined life cycle inventory of each energy storage method, it calculates the carbon emissions per unit of energy storage capacity. Based on the energy storage charging capacity and carbon emissions, it performs a life cycle carbon emissions accounting for the hybrid energy storage system, obtaining a life cycle carbon emissions accounting result. After obtaining the life cycle carbon emissions accounting result, server 130 transmits the life cycle carbon emissions accounting result to terminal 110 via network 120.

[0049] It's important to note that cloud technology refers to a managed technology that unifies hardware, software, and network resources within a wide or local area network (WAN) to enable data computing, storage, processing, and sharing. Cloud technology is a general term for network, information technology, integration technology, management platform technology, and application technology, all based on the cloud computing business model. It can form a resource pool for on-demand, flexible, and convenient use. Cloud computing will become a crucial support. Backend services for technical network systems, such as those for video sites, image sites, and more portals, require significant computing and storage resources. With the rapid development and application of the internet industry, every item will likely have its own unique identifier, requiring transmission to backend systems for logical processing. Data of varying levels will be processed separately, and data from all industries will require robust system support, which can only be achieved through cloud computing.

[0050] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for configuring hybrid energy storage capacity of a power system considering carbon emissions, see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a method for configuring hybrid energy storage capacity in a power system considering carbon emissions provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The steps shown are explained.

[0051] Step S210: Obtain historical power generation data and historical load demand of each renewable energy source.

[0052] Step S220 : determining the actual power generation of each renewable energy source based on the historical power generation data and historical load demand of each renewable energy source.

[0053] In some embodiments, renewable energy refers to energy resources that can be continuously regenerated and sustainably utilized in nature. In the field of power systems to which this invention relates, common renewable energy sources include solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, and biomass energy. These energy sources are clean and sustainable, but their power generation is significantly affected by natural conditions (such as sunlight, wind speed, and hydrology), resulting in intermittent and fluctuating generation. This is a key reason why hybrid energy storage systems are needed for subsequent regulation.

[0054] In some embodiments, historical power generation data refers to the amount of electricity generated by renewable energy power generation equipment over a period of time and related operating parameter information. This data is collected in real time by various sensors installed on the power generation equipment (such as power sensors and electricity metering sensors) and stored in a data acquisition device or monitoring system. The data may include information such as generated power, cumulative power generation, and equipment operating status at various time intervals (e.g., minute-level or hour-level). Therefore, the present embodiments do not specifically limit the type of historical power generation data.

[0055] In some embodiments, historical load demand refers to the amount of electricity generated by the power grid or a specific electricity-consuming area over a period of time, along with related operating parameters. This data is collected in real time by various sensors installed on power generation equipment (such as power sensors and electricity metering sensors) and stored in a data acquisition or monitoring system. This data includes information such as generated power, cumulative power generation, and equipment operating status at various time intervals (e.g., minute-by-minute and hour-by-hour levels), and serves as a fundamental source for subsequent analysis of renewable energy generation characteristics.

[0056] Step S230: Calculate the difference between the actual power generation and the historical load demand, and determine the difference as mismatch power.

[0057] The mismatch power is calculated as follows: Where, is the installed capacity of renewable energy i; is the capacity factor of renewable energy i at time t; is the historical load demand at time t.

[0058] Step S240: Determine the capacity of the energy storage unit of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system based on the mismatch power.

[0059] In some embodiments, a hybrid energy storage system is composed of two or more different types of energy storage units. By combining these different types of energy storage units, the hybrid energy storage system leverages their respective strengths to achieve more efficient regulation of the power system.

[0060] Step S250: determining the actual energy storage capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on preset constraints.

[0061] The actual energy storage capacity satisfies the following formula: Where, to generate electricity for the surplus; for the remaining demand; ; is the overcurrent protection coefficient; is the available state of charge range of the energy storage; is the utilization factor, which represents the available capacity before the end of the energy storage life cycle.

[0062] In some embodiments, energy storage unit capacity refers to the maximum amount of electrical energy a single energy storage unit can store under standard operating conditions, typically measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) or ampere-hours (Ah). It is a key indicator of the energy storage capacity of an energy storage unit and directly impacts the overall energy storage scale and regulation capabilities of a hybrid energy storage system.

[0063] Step S260: Determine the energy storage charging capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity.

[0064] Step S270: Calculate the carbon emissions per unit capacity of energy storage produced based on the determined full life cycle inventory of each energy storage method.

[0065] Wherein, the carbon emissions are expressed as: Where, Indicates the Material manufacturing stage; Indicates the Item material recovery stage; Indicates the Item manufacturing process; For the Carbon emission factor for each material in the corresponding stage.

[0066] In some embodiments, a full life cycle inventory details the resource consumption (e.g., raw materials and energy) and environmental emissions (e.g., pollutants like carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides) involved in the entire life cycle of an energy storage system, from raw material extraction, manufacturing, transportation, use, and recycling. This full life cycle inventory allows for a comprehensive assessment of the environmental impact of an energy storage system throughout its entire life cycle.

[0067] Step S280: Based on the energy storage charging power and the carbon emissions, a full life cycle carbon emissions accounting is performed on the hybrid energy storage system to obtain a full life cycle carbon emissions accounting result.

[0068] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method and device for configuring the hybrid energy storage capacity of an electric power system taking carbon emissions into consideration. The method and device determine the actual power generation of each renewable energy source based on the historical power generation data of each renewable energy source obtained; calculate the difference between the actual power generation and the historical load demand, and determine the difference as the mismatch power; determine the capacity of the energy storage unit of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system based on the mismatch power; determine the actual energy storage capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on preset constraints; determine the energy storage charging capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity; calculate the carbon emissions of the production unit capacity of energy storage based on the full life cycle list of each determined energy storage method; perform full life cycle carbon emission accounting for the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage charging capacity and carbon emissions, and obtain a full life cycle carbon emission accounting result. In this way, the present invention first analyzes the current status of power production in the region, determines the power generation of various renewable energy power generation types, establishes the actual required scenario through the capacity factor, and then obtains the capacity of the energy storage system through a series of calculations such as mismatch power according to the selected energy storage type. In addition, a full lifecycle inventory is compiled based on the selected energy storage method. Based on the inventory content and related calculations for electricity consumption, the full lifecycle carbon emissions of the energy storage system are calculated to assess its environmental impact. This invention can size hybrid energy storage systems within the context of new power systems while simultaneously considering their environmental impact using a full lifecycle assessment approach, contributing to the development of new power systems.

[0069] In some embodiments, the above step S220 can be implemented by the following steps S221 to S222:

[0070] Step S221 : scaling the total demand curve of each renewable energy source using a preset capacity factor to obtain a power generation curve of each renewable energy source; the preset capacity factor is used to represent the ratio between actual power generation and installed capacity.

[0071] Step S222 , calculating the actual power generation corresponding to each of the renewable energy sources at different time points based on the power generation curve and the preset capacity factor.

[0072] The formula for the actual power generation is as follows: Where, is the actual power generation; is the installed capacity;

[0073] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: first, dividing the mismatch power into low frequency, medium frequency, and high frequency based on a preset filtering control strategy; and second, determining energy storage modes corresponding to the medium frequency and the high frequency; the energy storage modes include long-term and short-term.

[0074] Among them, the required rated power is: Where, , n represents the energy storage type, i.e., long-term or short-term; is the power flow of long / short term energy storage at time t.

[0075] The above step S240 can be implemented by the following steps S241 to S243:

[0076] Step S241 : Classify the mismatch power type into surplus power generation and surplus demand.

[0077] The surplus power generation refers to the excess power generation; the surplus demand refers to the power gap that needs to be supplemented; the surplus power generation refers to the excess power generation; and the remaining demand Respectively expressed as: .

[0078] Step S242: When the mismatch power type is the surplus power generation, the energy storage state at time t is as follows: .

[0079] Step S243: When the mismatch power type is the remaining demand, the energy storage state at time t is as follows: .

[0080] in, For energy storage Energy state at any moment; and Energy storage after charging and discharging Energy state at any moment; and The start and end time of the corresponding time period; and Represent the efficiency of energy storage charging and discharging respectively; is the duration of complete self-discharge of energy storage;

[0081] The capacity of the energy storage unit is: .

[0082] In some embodiments, the above step S260 can be implemented by the following steps S261 to S263:

[0083] Step S261: Determine the amount of energy transmitted from the hybrid energy storage system to the power system in each year based on the capacity of the energy storage unit.

[0084] The transmission energy is expressed as: ; is the remaining demand for energy storage type n.

[0085] Step S262: Calculate the charge and discharge losses of the hybrid energy storage system based on the actual energy storage capacity.

[0086] The charge and discharge loss is expressed as: ; Charging power for energy storage; Charging efficiency for energy storage; is the energy storage discharge efficiency; for The energy state of storing energy at all times.

[0087] Step S263: Determine the sum of the transmission energy and the charge and discharge loss as the energy storage charging capacity.

[0088] The energy storage charging capacity is expressed as: Where, Charge the energy storage; is the charge and discharge loss; To transmit energy.

[0089] Based on the above embodiment, in some embodiments, the above step S280 can be implemented by the following contents:

[0090] Based on the energy storage charging power, the carbon emissions, the transmission energy, and the energy storage installed capacity, a full life cycle carbon emissions calculation is performed on the hybrid energy storage system to obtain the full life cycle carbon emissions calculation result; the capacity configuration formula is expressed as: Where, The amount of electricity used to charge the energy storage system; the carbon intensity of the power source used to charge the energy storage; Carbon emissions per unit of energy storage capacity produced; is the actual capacity of energy storage; The energy transmitted from the energy storage system to the power system.

[0091] The following describes an exemplary application of an embodiment of the present invention in a practical application scenario.

[0092] The present invention provides a new hybrid energy storage capacity configuration method for power systems considering carbon emissions, such as Figure 3 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0093] Step 1: Determine the renewable energy generation scenario and electricity demand; analyze the current electricity production status in the region and determine the power generation of various renewable energy generation types. Use the capacity factor to scale the total demand curve for renewable energy to obtain the power generation curve and power demand curve for different renewable energy sources. Calculate the actual power generation of each renewable energy source at different time points, and then analyze the matching of power generation and demand. The capacity factor is the ratio of actual power generation to installed power capacity, and is expressed as follows:

[0094] ;

[0095] Where: is the actual power generation; For installed capacity.

[0096] Step 2: Calculate the power mismatch. The mismatch power represents the difference between the total power generation and the load demand at time t. The calculation method is as follows:

[0097] ;

[0098] Where: is the installed capacity of renewable energy i; is the capacity factor of renewable energy i at time t; is the load demand at time t.

[0099] According to the type, mismatch power can be divided into surplus power generation ( ) and residual demand ( ), surplus power generation represents the excess power generation, and surplus demand represents the power gap that needs to be supplemented, which are expressed as follows:

[0100] .

[0101] Step 3: Determine the capacity of each type of energy storage unit in the hybrid energy storage system; divide the mismatch power into three categories based on the filtering control strategy: low frequency, medium frequency, and high frequency. Medium frequency and high frequency correspond to long-term and short-term energy storage methods, respectively, while low frequency uses other power generation methods to compensate for the shortfall. The specific capacity determination process is as follows:

[0102] ;

[0103] Where n represents the type of energy storage, i.e., long-term or short-term; is the power flow of the energy storage at time t.

[0104] When the mismatch power type is surplus power generation ( )hour, The energy storage status at each moment is as follows:

[0105] ;

[0106] When the mismatch power type is residual demand ( )hour, The energy storage status at each moment is as follows:

[0107] ;

[0108] In the above formula, For energy storage Energy state at any moment; and Energy storage after charging and discharging Energy state at any moment; and The start and end time of the corresponding time period; and Represent the efficiency of energy storage charging and discharging respectively; is the duration of complete self-discharge of stored energy.

[0109] The required rated power and energy storage unit capacity are as follows:

[0110] ;

[0111] ;

[0112] Step 4: Determine the actual capacity of the energy storage system. In practical applications, the capacity of the energy storage system is limited, so there are some constraints to reduce excess storage. The specific constraints are as follows:

[0113] ;

[0114] For the remaining power generation:

[0115] ;

[0116] ;

[0117] For the remaining demand:

[0118]

[0119] ;

[0120] The actual energy storage capacity is calculated as:

[0121] ;

[0122] Where, is the available state of charge range of the energy storage; is the utilization factor, which represents the available capacity before the end of the energy storage life cycle.

[0123] Finally, the obtained energy storage capacity needs to satisfy the following relationship to avoid the flow of large currents during charging and discharging.

[0124] ;

[0125] in is the overcurrent protection factor.

[0126] Step 5: Calculate carbon emissions throughout the energy storage system's life cycle. Based on the selected energy storage type, determine the full life cycle inventory for each energy storage method (including raw material production, manufacturing, transportation, installation and operation, and decommissioning and recycling). Calculate the carbon emissions from the energy storage production process based on the inventory content as follows:

[0127] ;

[0128] Where, Indicates the material manufacturing stage; Indicates the material recovery stage; Indicates the Item manufacturing process; is the carbon emission factor for the corresponding stage.

[0129] The energy transmitted from the energy storage system to the power system in one year is as follows:

[0130] ;

[0131] To calculate the energy loss of the energy storage system, we first consider the following power constraints:

[0132] ;

[0133] Energy loss during energy storage charging and discharging is as follows:

[0134] ;

[0135] Energy storage charging capacity is:

[0136] ;

[0137] Based on the above calculation results, the carbon emissions of the hybrid energy storage system over its entire life cycle are calculated as follows:

[0138] ;

[0139] Where, The amount of electricity used to charge the energy storage system; the carbon intensity of the power source used to charge the energy storage; Carbon emissions per unit of energy storage capacity produced; is the actual capacity of energy storage; The energy transmitted from the energy storage system to the power system.

[0140] Example 1: Using photovoltaic and wind power output and load data from August 1st to September 30th at a specific location as an example, a hybrid energy storage system configuration and carbon emissions calculation were performed using pumped hydro storage for long-term and lithium-ion battery storage for short-term energy storage, respectively. The pumped hydro storage system was designed to have an 80-year service life, and the lithium-ion batteries were designed to be replaced every 20 years. To simplify the calculation, this example ignores charge and discharge losses.

[0141] Specifically: Select the load and renewable energy power generation output of a certain place during the typical period from August 1 to September 30, select the capacity factor as 0.7, and the load situation as follows Figure 4 shown.

[0142] According to step 2 and step 3, the mismatch power is calculated, and based on the filtering control strategy, the mismatch power is filtered and divided into three signals: low frequency, medium frequency, and high frequency. The filtering results are as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the low-frequency mismatch power is compensated by thermal power. The unit energy storage capacity of each long-term and short-term energy storage is calculated as 68.2414MWh and 34.4098MWh respectively. The low-frequency output status of thermal power compensation and the energy status of each energy storage mode are as follows: Figure 6 and Figure 7 Then, the actual capacity calculation is performed according to the process in step 4 to obtain the actual capacity of each energy storage type, as shown in Table 1.

[0143] Table 1 Calculation results of actual energy storage capacity of Example 1

[0144]

[0145] The carbon emissions are calculated using the actual capacity calculation results according to step five. The energy storage system life cycle inventory used is shown in Table 2 below.

[0146] Table 2 Pumped storage life cycle inventory (per kWh)

[0147]

[0148] Table 3 Lithium-ion battery life cycle inventory (per kWh)

[0149]

[0150] The carbon emissions per unit capacity of the energy storage system are calculated using the method in step five, as shown in Table 4.

[0151] Table 4 Carbon emissions per unit capacity of energy storage system produced (per kilowatt-hour)

[0152]

[0153] Next, we calculated the energy transmitted. Since the data covers August 1st to September 30th, the time period is 1464 hours. The energy transmitted by each energy storage system was 5492.94MWh and 2969.34MWh, respectively. The carbon emission factor for the power source charging the energy storage was the average carbon emission factor for photovoltaic and wind power, which is 0.0441kg / kWh. Following the method in Step 5, we calculated the lifecycle carbon emissions of the long-term and short-term energy storage systems to be 13.41g / kWh and 53.66g / kWh, respectively. The total lifecycle carbon emissions for the energy storage system were 67.07g / kWh.

[0154] Example 2: Using photovoltaic and wind power output and load data from August 1st to September 30th in a particular location as an example, a hybrid energy storage system configuration and carbon emissions calculation were performed using pumped hydro for long-term and lead-acid battery storage for short-term energy storage. The pumped hydro was designed to have an 80-year service life, while the lead-acid batteries were designed to be replaced every 20 years. To simplify the calculation, this example ignores charge and discharge losses.

[0155] Specifically, the load conditions are the same as in Example 1, with only the short-term energy storage type being different. Therefore, only short-term energy storage emissions are calculated. The full life cycle inventory for lead-acid batteries is shown in Table 5. Following the process in Step 5, the carbon emissions per kilowatt-hour of lead-acid battery production are calculated to be 71.71694 kg / kWh. Furthermore, the full life cycle carbon emissions calculated in Step 5 are 54.92 g / kWh, resulting in a total of 68.33 g / kWh of carbon emissions for the energy storage system over its entire life cycle.

[0156] Table 5 Lead-acid battery life cycle inventory (per kWh)

[0157]

[0158] The comparison of the carbon emissions of the above results over the entire life cycle is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, from the above two embodiments, it can be concluded that, under the condition of meeting the load requirements, the energy storage system in embodiment 1 has less carbon emissions throughout its life cycle and has less impact on the environment.

[0159] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hybrid energy storage capacity configuration device for a power system considering carbon emissions provided by an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 9As shown, a hybrid energy storage capacity configuration device 900 for a power system considering carbon emissions includes: an acquisition module 901 for acquiring historical power generation data and historical load demand of each renewable energy source; a determination module 902 for determining the actual power generation of each renewable energy source based on the historical power generation data of each renewable energy source; and a calculation module 903 for calculating the difference between the actual power generation and the historical load demand, and determining the difference as mismatch power. The mismatch power is calculated as follows: Where, is the installed capacity of renewable energy i; is the capacity factor of renewable energy i at time t; is the historical load demand at time t; the determining module 902 is further configured to determine the capacity of the energy storage unit of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system based on the mismatch power; the determining module 902 is further configured to determine the actual energy storage capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on preset constraints; the actual energy storage capacity satisfies the following formula: Where, to generate electricity for the surplus; for the remaining demand; ; is the overcurrent protection coefficient; is the available state of charge range of the energy storage; is a usage factor representing the available capacity before the end of the energy storage life cycle; the determination module 902 is further configured to determine the energy storage charging capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity; the calculation module 903 is further configured to calculate the carbon emissions per unit capacity of energy storage based on the determined full life cycle inventory of each energy storage mode; the carbon emissions per unit capacity of energy storage is expressed as: Where, Indicates the Material manufacturing stage; Indicates the Item material recovery stage; Indicates the Item manufacturing process; For the The carbon emission factor of the corresponding stage of the material item; the accounting module 904 is used to perform a full life cycle carbon emission accounting for the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage charging power and the carbon emissions, and obtain a full life cycle carbon emission accounting result.

[0160] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present invention, if the above-mentioned method for configuring the hybrid energy storage capacity of the power system taking carbon emissions into consideration is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the relevant technology, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a terminal to execute all or part of the methods described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk. In this way, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0161] Correspondingly, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, Figure 10 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 As shown, the electronic device 1000 includes at least: a processor 1001 and a computer-readable storage medium 1002 configured to store executable instructions, wherein the processor 1001 generally controls the overall operation of the electronic device. The computer-readable storage medium 1002 is configured to store instructions and applications executable by the processor 1001, and can also cache data to be processed or processed by the processor 1001 and various modules in the electronic device 1000. This can be implemented using flash memory (FLASH) or random access memory (RAM).

[0162] An embodiment of the present invention provides a storage medium storing executable instructions, wherein the executable instructions are stored. When the executable instructions are executed by a processor, the processor will be caused to execute the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, for example, Figure 2 The method shown.

[0163] In some embodiments, the storage medium can be a computer-readable storage medium, such as a ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a flash memory, a magnetic surface memory, an optical disc, or a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM); it can also be various devices including one or any combination of the above memories.

[0164] In some embodiments, executable instructions may be in the form of a program, software, software module, script, or code, written in any form of programming language (including compiled or interpreted languages, or declarative or procedural languages), and may be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment.

[0165] By way of example, executable instructions may, but need not necessarily, correspond to a file in a file system, may be stored as part of a file storing other programs or data, such as one or more scripts in a Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) document, in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple coordinating files (e.g., files storing one or more modules, subroutines, or code portions). By way of example, executable instructions may be deployed to be executed on one electronic device, or on multiple electronic devices located in one location, or on multiple electronic devices distributed across multiple locations and interconnected via a communication network.

[0166] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0167] It should be understood that "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" mentioned throughout the specification means that the specific features, structures or characteristics related to the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. It should be understood that in various embodiments of the present invention, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiment of the present invention. The serial numbers of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are for description only and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0168] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "comprise", "include" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the statement "comprises a..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element. In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as: multiple units or components can be combined, or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not executed.

[0169] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for configuring hybrid energy storage capacity in a power system considering carbon emissions, characterized in that: The method comprises: Obtain historical power generation data and historical load demand for each renewable energy source; determining the actual power generation of each of the renewable energy sources based on historical power generation data of each of the renewable energy sources; The difference between the actual power generation and the historical load demand is calculated, and the difference is determined as the mismatch power. The mismatch power is calculated as follows: Where, is the installed capacity of renewable energy i; is the capacity factor of renewable energy i at time t; is the historical load demand at time t; Based on the mismatch power, determining the capacity of the energy storage unit of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system; Based on the preset constraints, the actual energy storage capacity of the hybrid energy storage system is determined; the actual energy storage capacity satisfies the following formula: Where, to generate electricity for the surplus; for the remaining demand; ; is the overcurrent protection coefficient; is the available state of charge range of the energy storage; is the utilization factor, which represents the available capacity before the end of the energy storage life cycle; Determining the energy storage charging capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity; Based on the full life cycle inventory of each energy storage method, the carbon emissions per unit capacity of energy storage are calculated. The carbon emissions per unit capacity of energy storage are expressed as: Where, Indicates the Material manufacturing stage; Indicates the Item material recovery stage; Indicates the Item manufacturing process; For the Carbon emission factor for each material in the corresponding stage; Based on the energy storage charging power and the carbon emissions, a full life cycle carbon emissions accounting is performed on the hybrid energy storage system to obtain a full life cycle carbon emissions accounting result.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The determining of the actual power generation of each renewable energy source based on the historical power generation data of each renewable energy source includes: Scaling the total demand curve of each renewable energy source using a preset capacity factor to obtain a power generation curve for each renewable energy source; the preset capacity factor is used to represent the ratio between actual power generation and installed capacity; Calculating the actual power generation corresponding to each of the renewable energy sources at different time points based on the power generation curve and the preset capacity factor; The formula for the actual power generation is as follows: Where, is the actual power generation; For installed capacity.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: Based on a preset filtering control strategy, the mismatch power is divided into low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency; Determining energy storage modes corresponding to the medium frequency and the high frequency; the energy storage modes include long-term and short-term; The required power rating is: Where, , n represents the energy storage type, i.e., long-term or short-term; is the power flow of long / short term energy storage at time t.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein Determining the capacity of each energy storage unit of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system based on the mismatch power includes: The mismatch power type is divided into surplus power generation and surplus demand; the surplus power generation represents the excess power generation; the surplus demand represents the power gap that needs to be supplemented; the surplus power generation represents the excess power generation; the surplus power demand represents the surplus power demand. and the remaining demand Respectively expressed as: ; When the mismatch power type is the surplus power generation, the energy storage energy state at time t is as follows: ； When the mismatch power type is the residual demand, the energy storage energy state at time t is as follows: Where, For energy storage Energy state at any moment; and Energy storage after charging and discharging Energy state at any moment; and The start and end time of the corresponding time period; and Represent the efficiency of energy storage charging and discharging respectively; is the duration of complete self-discharge of energy storage; The capacity of the energy storage unit is: .

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The determining of the energy storage charging capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity includes: Based on the capacity of the energy storage unit, the transmission energy transmitted from the hybrid energy storage system to the power system in each year is determined; the transmission energy is expressed as: ; is the remaining demand for energy storage type n; Based on the actual energy storage capacity, the charge and discharge loss of the hybrid energy storage system is calculated; the charge and discharge loss is expressed as: ; Charging power for energy storage; is the energy storage discharge power; Charging efficiency for energy storage; is the energy storage discharge efficiency; for Energy state of energy stored at all times; The sum of the transmission energy and the charge-discharge loss is determined as the energy storage charging capacity; the energy storage charging capacity is expressed as: Where, Charge the energy storage; is the charge and discharge loss; To transmit energy.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The method of performing a full life cycle carbon emission accounting for the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage charging power and the carbon emissions to obtain a full life cycle carbon emission accounting result includes: Based on the energy storage charging power, the carbon emissions, the transmission energy, and the energy storage installed capacity, a full life cycle carbon emissions accounting is performed on the hybrid energy storage system to obtain the full life cycle carbon emissions accounting result; the full life cycle carbon emissions accounting formula is expressed as: Where, Charge the energy storage; the carbon intensity of the power source used to charge the energy storage; Carbon emissions per unit of energy storage capacity produced; is the actual capacity of energy storage; The energy transmitted from the energy storage system to the power system.

7. A hybrid energy storage capacity configuration device for a power system considering carbon emissions, characterized in that: The device comprises: An acquisition module, used to obtain historical power generation data and historical load demand of each renewable energy source; a determination module, configured to determine an actual power generation of each of the renewable energy sources based on historical power generation data of each of the renewable energy sources; A calculation module is configured to calculate a difference between the actual power generation and the historical load demand, and determine the difference as mismatch power; the mismatch power is calculated as follows: Where, is the installed capacity of renewable energy i; is the capacity factor of renewable energy i at time t; is the historical load demand at time t; The determining module is further configured to determine the capacity of the energy storage unit of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system based on the mismatch power; The determination module is further configured to determine the actual energy storage capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on preset constraints; the actual energy storage capacity satisfies the following formula: Where, to generate electricity for the surplus; for the remaining demand; ; is the overcurrent protection coefficient; is the available state of charge range of the energy storage; is the utilization factor, which represents the available capacity before the end of the energy storage life cycle; The determination module is further configured to determine the energy storage charging capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity; The calculation module is further configured to calculate the carbon emissions per unit capacity of energy storage produced based on the determined full life cycle inventory of each energy storage method; the carbon emissions per unit capacity of energy storage produced is expressed as: Where, Indicates the Material manufacturing stage; Indicates the Item material recovery stage; Indicates the Item manufacturing process; For the Carbon emission factor for each material in the corresponding stage; The accounting module is used to perform a full life cycle carbon emission accounting for the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage charging power and the carbon emissions, and obtain a full life cycle carbon emission accounting result.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: a memory for storing executable instructions; A processor is configured to implement the method for configuring hybrid energy storage capacity of a power system considering carbon emissions as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 when executing executable instructions stored in the memory.

9. A computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions for causing a processor to execute the executable instructions to implement the method for configuring hybrid energy storage capacity of a power system considering carbon emissions as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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