A device and method for collecting ocean hydrological data based on Tianhong satellite

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on ocean hydrographic data acquisition device and communication method of Tian Tong satellite, the device includes: ocean data buoy center, for collecting ocean hydrographic data, according to the communication format defined by oneself and is packaged, is sent to ground data receiving processing center in short message form by Tian Tong satellite communication link;It is also used to receive the instruction of ground data receiving processing center and corresponding processing;Ground data receiving processing center is used to receive short message form ocean hydrographic data, decoding, display and storage, it is also used to send instruction to ocean data buoy center.The device and method of the application ensure the safety in the process of ocean monitoring data transmission, expand the data transmission distance of ocean hydrographic data buoy, ensure the integrity and accuracy of data, prolong the working time of buoy, realize the rational use of energy, realize real-time, efficient, safe, long-distance transmission of ocean monitoring data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of marine monitoring and satellite communication technology, and particularly relates to a marine hydrological data acquisition device and communication method based on the Tiantong satellite. Background Technology

[0002] Marine hydrological data is crucial foundational data for marine environmental monitoring, marine resource development, and marine disaster early warning. Traditional methods of marine hydrological data acquisition primarily rely on shipboard observation, buoy observation, and shore-based observation. Buoy observation systems often utilize satellite communication methods, including Iridium, Inmarsat, and BeiDou satellite communication. However, existing satellite communication-based marine hydrological data acquisition systems still have some shortcomings:

[0003] 1. High communication costs: Existing systems mostly use foreign satellite communication systems, which are expensive and limit the promotion and application of the system.

[0004] 2. Low data transmission rate: The existing system has a limited data transmission rate, which is insufficient to meet the needs of high-precision, high-frequency marine hydrological data acquisition.

[0005] 3. Low system integration: Existing systems mostly adopt a distributed architecture, with large equipment size and high power consumption, which is not conducive to long-term unattended operation.

[0006] Tiantong satellite is a mobile communication satellite independently developed by my country, possessing advantages such as wide coverage, large communication capacity, high transmission speed, and low cost. Applying Tiantong satellite communication technology to marine hydrological data acquisition can effectively solve the problems existing in the current system, improve the efficiency and accuracy of marine hydrological data acquisition, and reduce the system construction and operation costs.

[0007] There is an urgent need for a real-time marine hydrological data acquisition device and communication method that can transmit data over long distances and operate unattended for extended periods, in order to solve the problems of low communication rate, high communication cost, and data security in the existing marine data buoy communication system, meet the requirements of long-term, synchronous and stable marine observation in the deep sea, and enable the scientific preservation and use of marine environmental observation data. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of the problems of low communication rate, high communication cost and data security in existing marine data buoy communication systems, the purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and disclose a marine hydrological data acquisition device based on Tiantong satellite and a marine hydrological data communication method based on Tiantong satellite, so as to realize real-time, efficient, secure and long-distance transmission of marine monitoring data.

[0009] In view of this, the present invention proposes a marine hydrological data acquisition device based on the Tiantong satellite, comprising: a marine data buoy center and a ground data receiving and processing center, wherein,

[0010] The marine data buoy center is used to collect marine hydrological data, process it into packets according to a custom communication format, and send it to the ground data receiving and processing center in the form of short messages via the Tiantong satellite communication link; it is also used to receive instructions from the ground data receiving and processing center and process them accordingly.

[0011] The ground data receiving and processing center is used to receive marine hydrological data in the form of short messages, decode, display and store it, and also to send instructions to the marine data buoy center.

[0012] Preferably, the marine data buoy center includes: a buoy body, a Tiantong satellite antenna, a Tiantong satellite terminal, a sensor array, a main control board, a data acquisition board, a battery, and a cement weight; wherein,

[0013] The buoy body is equipped with an internal electronic compartment and a top platform;

[0014] The Tiantong satellite antenna is placed on the top platform of the buoy body;

[0015] The Tiantong satellite terminal, main control board, and battery are all housed in an internal electronics compartment; the battery is a 12V output, 20Ah lithium battery.

[0016] The acquisition board is placed inside the sensor array;

[0017] The sensor array is placed at the bottom of the buoy body in a position that can fully contact the seawater and avoid direct sunlight interference. It is connected to a watertight connector on the top platform of the buoy body via a cable. The other end of the watertight connector is connected to the main control board of the internal electronic compartment. A cement weight is connected to the bottom of the sensor array.

[0018] Preferably, the sensor array includes a temperature-salinity-depth meter and a temperature-depth meter for collecting temperature, pressure, and conductivity.

[0019] The acquisition board is equipped with an acquisition unit, which includes a temperature acquisition module, a pressure acquisition module, and a conductivity acquisition module, used to acquire temperature, pressure, and conductivity data respectively, and to perform differential amplification, filtering, and analog-to-digital conversion on the sampled data;

[0020] The acquisition unit also includes an MCU module, which is used to receive data feedback instructions from the main control board and transmit the sampled data after analog-to-digital conversion back to the main control board via the CAN bus.

[0021] Preferably, the main control board is provided with a main control unit, a communication unit, a power supply unit, and a storage unit; wherein,

[0022] The main control unit is used to send the sampled data processed by the acquisition unit to the communication unit after deep encapsulation; it is used to adjust the sampling frequency of the sensor array according to the battery-related parameters provided by the power supply unit; and it is used to receive and process the ground commands forwarded by the communication unit.

[0023] The communication unit is used to transmit the sampled data processed by the acquisition unit to the main control unit, to receive the data encapsulated by the main control unit and send it to the ground data receiving and processing center in the form of a short message, and to receive ground instructions from the ground data receiving and processing center and forward them to the main control unit.

[0024] The power supply unit is used to provide power to the various components of the marine data buoy center, and also to provide battery-related parameters to the communication unit;

[0025] The storage unit is used to store and back up the sampled data under the control of the main control unit.

[0026] Preferably, the main control unit includes:

[0027] Three UART communication interfaces: one is converted to RS232 to connect to the Tiantong satellite terminal, another is converted to RS485 to connect to the power supply unit, and the third is converted to RS232 to connect to the external monitoring PC.

[0028] The SPI communication interface is used for communication with the memory unit;

[0029] The CAN communication interface is used for communication with the sensor array.

[0030] A multi-channel GPIO communication interface is used to control the enabling, receiving, and sending of the communication unit, as well as the opening and closing of the storage unit.

[0031] Preferably, the power supply unit includes a power management module.

[0032] The power management module is used to acquire various status parameters, including the remaining battery power, in real time and send them to the main control unit.

[0033] Preferably, the storage unit includes a FLASH module for storing array data collected by the sensor array, and for turning on or off according to the control of the GPIO communication interface of the main control unit.

[0034] Preferably, the ground data receiving and processing center includes: a satellite communication unit, a data transceiver unit, a data processing unit, and a data display and storage unit, wherein...

[0035] The satellite communication unit includes a Tiantong satellite antenna and a Tiantong satellite terminal, used to receive sampling data from the ocean data buoy center in the form of short messages to the data transceiver unit, and to send ground commands transmitted by the data transceiver unit to the ocean data buoy center;

[0036] The data transceiver unit is used to communicate with the satellite communication unit and the data processing unit via an RS232 serial port;

[0037] The data processing unit is used to perform depth decoding on the sampled data, restore the original marine hydrological data according to the custom communication format, and perform calculations to convert pressure values ​​into depth values ​​and conductivity values ​​into salinity values. It is also used to compare the decoded data according to the number values, and send a data retransmission command to the marine data buoy center when the number values ​​are discontinuous.

[0038] The data display and storage unit is used to store the received data and display real-time data, historical data, and power level warnings.

[0039] Preferably, after the Tiantong satellite terminal of the ground data receiving and processing center is successfully powered on and connected to the network, it sends instruction Q1 to the ocean data buoy center, including a 2-byte identifier header, a 1-byte type, a 1-byte length of the Q1 instruction, a 14-byte time, a 2-byte sampling frequency, and a 1-byte CRC checksum.

[0040] The sampling data D1 sent from the ocean data buoy center to the ground data receiving and processing center includes: a 2-byte header, a 1-byte station identifier, a 2-byte number, a 1-byte data length, a 3-byte latitude, a 4-byte longitude, a 6-byte sampling time, a 2-byte remaining battery value, several bytes of sensor data, and a 1-byte CRC checksum.

[0041] The ground data receiving and processing center sends a power restart command Q2 to the ocean data buoy center, which includes a 2-byte identifier header, a 1-byte Q2 command length, and a 1-byte CRC checksum.

[0042] The ground data receiving and processing center sends a data retransmission instruction Q3 with a specified number to the ocean data buoy center. The instruction includes a 2-byte identifier header, a 1-byte type, a 1-byte length of the Q3 instruction, a 2-byte number, and a 1-byte CRC checksum.

[0043] On the other hand, this invention proposes a communication method for marine hydrological data based on the Tiantong satellite, implemented using the aforementioned device, comprising:

[0044] Step 1: After the Tiantong satellite terminal at the ground data receiving and processing center is successfully powered on and connected to the network, it sends command Q1 to the ocean data buoy center via Tiantong satellite communication in the form of a short message to set the initial time and sampling time interval of the buoy center;

[0045] Step 2: After receiving command Q1 or power restart command Q2, the marine data buoy center powers on the sensor array and sets the time and sampling interval of the buoy center to collect marine hydrological data.

[0046] Step 3: The ocean data buoy center saves the collected array data and combines it with the remaining power value to form a data packet. It then sends the sampled data D1 to the ground data receiving and processing center via short message through Tiantong satellite communication. When it receives the data retransmission instruction Q3 with the specified number, it sends the sampled data D2 with the specified number to the ground data receiving and processing center.

[0047] Step 4: If the ground data receiving and processing center does not receive the sampled data after the set waiting time, it sends a power restart command Q2. Otherwise, it decodes the received sampled data D1 and restores the original oceanographic data according to the custom communication format. If the data number is missing, it sends a data retransmission command Q3 with the missing number information. Otherwise, it further determines whether the remaining power value is lower than the set threshold. If it is, it resets the sampling frequency, constructs a new command Q1, and sends it.

[0048] Step 5: Save and display the marine hydrological data reconstructed from the sampled data D1 or D2;

[0049] Step 6: Repeat steps 1 to 5 at a preset cycle.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0051] This invention utilizes the Tiantong satellite communication system to ensure the security of marine monitoring data transmission and extend the data transmission distance of marine hydrological data buoys. The marine hydrological data acquisition and forwarding device designed in this invention is equipped with a FLASH storage module for data backup. During data transmission, when data packet loss is detected, the FLASH module can automatically initiate a retransmission mechanism to ensure data integrity and accuracy. The marine hydrological data acquisition and forwarding device also features battery power monitoring, which can adaptively and dynamically adjust the sampling frequency of sensor nodes, reducing unnecessary data acquisition, thereby reducing power consumption, extending the buoy's operating time, and achieving rational energy utilization. The communication method designed in this invention uses a custom data acquisition protocol format and command format, enabling efficient interaction between the marine hydrological data buoy and the ground data processing center, achieving real-time, efficient, secure, and long-distance transmission of marine monitoring data. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the equipment composition of the marine hydrological data acquisition device based on the Tiantong satellite of this invention;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of the ocean data buoy center;

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of the ground data processing center;

[0055] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a communication method based on oceanographic data from the Tiantong satellite. Detailed Implementation

[0056] This invention designs a marine hydrological data acquisition and forwarding device based on the Tiantong satellite, mainly comprising a marine data buoy center and a ground data receiving and processing center. The marine data buoy center automatically forwards the acquired marine hydrological data to the ground data receiving and processing center via the Tiantong satellite communication link, according to the communication method designed in this invention.

[0057] The marine data buoy center is responsible for collecting marine hydrological data and, based on the communication method designed in this invention, packetizing the data and finally sending it to the ground-based Tiantong satellite terminal in the form of short messages. The marine data buoy center includes a main control unit, a communication unit, a data acquisition unit, a power supply unit, and a storage unit.

[0058] The main control unit includes three UART communication interfaces, three SPI communication interfaces, one CAN communication interface, and abundant GPIO pins. One of the three UART interfaces is converted to RS232 to connect to the Tiantong satellite terminal in the communication unit, another is converted to RS485 to connect to the battery management module in the power supply unit, and the last is converted to RS232 to connect to an external monitoring PC. One of the SPI communication ports of the main control unit is used to communicate with the FLASH chip of the storage module to store and retrieve data; the main control unit communicates with the acquisition unit in the sensor array through the CAN communication port to obtain array data.

[0059] The communication unit includes a Tiantong satellite module, an RS232 communication module, an RS485 communication module, and a CAN communication module. The Tiantong satellite communication module, comprising an antenna and a data terminal, serves as the communication hub between the marine data buoy unit and the ground data receiving and processing center, undertaking the crucial task of coordinating data transmission. It receives data from the main control unit and, strictly adhering to the Tiantong satellite communication protocol, deeply encapsulates the data, adding necessary checksums, address information, etc., before sending the data to the ground Tiantong satellite terminal in the form of short messages to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data during transmission. Simultaneously, this unit is also responsible for receiving instructions from the ground data receiving and processing center. The main control unit executes relevant operations based on the instruction information, including powering on / off the sensor group or retransmitting collected data. The RS232 communication module primarily communicates with the Tiantong satellite terminal, enabling data transmission and reception, and is also responsible for supplying power to the Tiantong satellite terminal. The main control unit controls the enabling / disabling of the RS232 communication module via GPIO ports. The RS232 communication module is enabled when data transmission is required and disabled when not transmitting data to save power. The RS485 communication module is primarily responsible for communicating with the battery management module in the power supply module to obtain relevant battery parameters, such as remaining power. The main control unit controls the transmit and receive enable / disable of the RS485 communication module via GPIO ports, controlling the transmission and reception of the interface circuit. The CAN communication module is primarily responsible for communicating with the acquisition array to obtain data collected by each element on the array, and also for supplying power to the acquisition array.

[0060] The data acquisition unit includes a sensor array, a temperature acquisition module, a pressure acquisition module, a conductivity acquisition module, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and an MCU module. The sensor array includes two types: a salinity-temperature-depth (STD) meter and a temperature-depth (TTD) meter, capable of acquiring three types of data: temperature, pressure, and conductivity. The temperature acquisition module includes a temperature sensor, a differential amplifier, and an RC passive filter. It is responsible for receiving the temperature data acquired by the sensor array and performing differential amplification and passive filtering on the temperature data. The pressure acquisition module includes a pressure sensor, an operational amplifier, a differential amplifier, and an RC passive filter. It is responsible for receiving the pressure data acquired by the sensor array and performing operational amplification, differential amplification, and passive filtering on the pressure data. The conductivity acquisition module includes a conductivity sensor, an operational amplifier, and a differential amplifier. It is responsible for receiving the conductivity data acquired by the sensor array and performing operational amplification and differential amplification on the conductivity data. The ADC module is responsible for converting the data acquired by the sensor array from analog signals to digital signals. The MCU module is responsible for controlling the power supply of the acquisition array elements, controlling the analog-to-digital conversion module to convert the acquired data, and sending the data back to the main control unit after receiving the data feedback instruction from the main control unit.

[0061] The power supply unit includes the device battery and power management, responsible for stepping down the battery pack output voltage in two stages: first to 5V, then to 3.3V, to provide a stable power supply to the various control modules and sensor groups. The device battery uses a 12V output, 20Ah lithium battery. The power management module obtains various battery status parameters in real time via RS232 communication, especially the remaining battery power, to adjust system power consumption promptly and ensure stable operation under different power conditions.

[0062] The storage unit includes a FLASH module, which stores the data collected by the sensor array and can provide 2GB of storage capacity. The main control unit controls the FLASH module to turn on or off via GPIO ports. When not collecting data, the FLASH module is set to off mode to reduce power consumption.

[0063] The ground data receiving and processing center is responsible for receiving oceanographic data sent by the ocean data buoy center, decoding, displaying, and storing the data. It can also send relevant commands to the ocean data buoy center, including commands to power on / off the sensor array, adjust the sampling parameters of the acquisition array, or retransmit acquired data. It includes a satellite communication unit, a data transceiver unit, a data processing unit, a data display unit, and a data storage unit.

[0064] The satellite communication unit includes the Tiantong satellite antenna and the Tiantong satellite terminal, which are responsible for receiving data from the ocean data buoy center and issuing instructions to the ocean data buoy center.

[0065] The data transceiver unit includes RS232 serial port settings, data reception, and command transmission. It is responsible for setting RS232 communication serial port parameters, receiving data from the ground-based Tiantong satellite terminal via the RS232 serial port, and sending commands to the marine data buoy center.

[0066] The data processing unit includes data decoding and data number comparison. The data decoding module is responsible for performing depth decoding on the data received from RS232, restoring the original oceanographic data according to the data communication protocol, and converting pressure values ​​into depth values ​​and conductivity values ​​into salinity values ​​based on empirical formulas. The data number comparison module is responsible for comparing the number values ​​of the decoded data to determine if there are any discontinuous numbers. If the numbers are discontinuous, it indicates packet loss, and a data retransmission command will be sent to the oceanographic data buoy center.

[0067] The data display unit includes real-time data display, historical data display, and power level warning. The real-time data display module is responsible for displaying unprocessed data received in real time via RS232. The historical data display is responsible for presenting processed data in intuitive charts, curves, and other visual formats, allowing users to easily understand the changing trends of the marine environment. The power level warning module, based on the remaining power, promptly sends instructions to the marine data buoy center to dynamically adjust the sampling frequency of the sensor nodes to achieve rational energy utilization.

[0068] This invention also designs a communication method for a marine data acquisition and forwarding device based on Tiantong satellite communication. Based on the aforementioned acquisition and forwarding device, marine data acquisition of a target area is completed, and data transmission and reception with a ground data receiving and processing center are achieved via Tiantong satellite. The steps include:

[0069] Step P1: Install the corresponding satellite cards on the Tiantong satellite terminals of the marine data buoy center and the ground data receiving and processing center respectively. After connecting the power supply and the RS232 serial cable, power on the Tiantong satellite terminal and wait for the LED light indicating successful network access to light up.

[0070] Step P2: After the Tiantong satellite terminal of the ground data receiving and processing center is successfully powered on and connected to the network, it sends instruction Q1 to the ocean data buoy center via Tiantong satellite communication in the form of a short message to set the initial time and sampling time interval of the buoy center.

[0071] Step P3: After receiving instruction Q1, the main control unit of the marine data buoy center powers on the acquisition array element and sets the time of the buoy center and the sampling time interval of the array element. After the setting is completed, the acquisition array element begins to acquire marine hydrological data.

[0072] Step P4: The data acquisition array element of the ocean data buoy center will automatically save the acquired ocean hydrological data to the FLASH module. The main control unit will read the data in the FLASH module, perform data packetization, and then send the sampled data D1 to the ground data receiving and processing center in the form of a short message via Tiantong satellite communication.

[0073] Step P5: After sending instruction Q1 from step 2, the ground data receiving and processing center waits for the arrival of sampled data. If no sampled data is received after the set waiting time, the ground data receiving and processing center will send a power restart instruction Q2 to the ocean data buoy center. The ocean data buoy center will then power on the sensor group and the Tiantong satellite terminal according to the power restart instruction Q2. After power-on, steps P1 to P5 are repeated. If the ground data receiving and processing center receives sampled data D1 within the set waiting time, it will proceed to step P6.

[0074] Step P6: The ground data receiving and processing center decodes the received sampled data D1, extracts the raw data collected by the sensor, and determines whether the data number is missing. If a data number is missing, a retransmission command Q3 with the specified data number is sent to the ocean data buoy center. This ensures the integrity of the received data and reduces the data loss rate. The ocean data buoy center's main control module will repeat steps P4 to P6 according to the received command Q3. In this case, step P4 sends the sampled data D2 with the specified number. If the data numbers are normal and continuous, the process proceeds to step P7.

[0075] Step P7: The ground data receiving and processing center determines whether the battery level is below a set threshold based on the decoded data from step P6. If the battery level is below the set threshold, it sends instruction Q1 to the ocean data buoy center. The ocean data buoy center will automatically adjust the sampling frequency of the sensor nodes according to instruction Q1 to reduce unnecessary data collection, thereby reducing power consumption and extending the buoy's working time, repeating steps P3 to P7. When the battery level is above the set threshold, the sensor nodes collect data at the normal sampling frequency to ensure data continuity and accuracy, proceeding to step P8.

[0076] Step P8: The ground data receiving and processing center saves and graphically displays the received sensor sampling data.

[0077] The above steps constitute a complete cycle of marine hydrological data acquisition, forwarding, and processing based on Tiantong satellite communication. The system repeats the cyclical data acquisition, forwarding, and processing process of steps P1 to P8 at a preset cycle or proceeds to step P9.

[0078] Step P9: The host computer software system of the ground data receiving and processing center is shut down, and the Tiantong satellite terminal is powered off. The ocean data buoy center interrupts the power supply to the Tiantong satellite terminal and the acquisition array.

[0079] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0080] Example 1

[0081] like Figure 1 As shown, Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a marine hydrological data acquisition device based on Tiantong satellite, including a marine data buoy center and a ground data receiving and processing center. The two communicate with each other via Tiantong satellite and transmit and receive data in the form of short messages.

[0082] The hardware of the marine data buoy center includes the buoy body, Tiantong satellite antenna, Tiantong satellite terminal, sensor array, main control board, data acquisition board, battery, and cement weight. The buoy body has an internal electronics compartment, a top platform, a recovery ring, indicator lights, and an antenna protective cover. The Tiantong satellite antenna is located on the top platform of the buoy, inside the antenna protective cover. The sensor array is placed at the bottom of the buoy body in a location that allows full contact with seawater while avoiding direct sunlight interference, ensuring accurate real-time oceanographic data acquisition. The sensor array is connected to a watertight connector at the top of the buoy body via a cable, with the other end of the watertight connector connected to the main control board in the internal electronics compartment. A cement weight is attached to the bottom of the sensor array, allowing it to be relatively stably fixed in the designated position for continuous and accurate data measurement. The main control board, Tiantong satellite terminal, and battery are housed inside the internal electronics compartment of the buoy. The data acquisition board is located inside the sensor array.

[0083] The ground data receiving and processing center's hardware includes a Tiantong satellite antenna, a Tiantong satellite terminal, a monitor, and a server. The Tiantong satellite antenna and the Tiantong satellite terminal are connected via Tiantong data cables and GPS data cables, and the Tiantong terminal is powered by a 12V / 24V DC power supply. The server connects to the Tiantong terminal via an RS232 serial port cable to transmit and receive serial data.

[0084] The functional modules of the ocean data buoy center include a main control unit, a communication unit, a data acquisition unit, a power supply unit, and a storage unit. See the schematic diagram of the functional modules of the ocean data buoy center. Figure 2 The main control unit, communication unit, power supply unit, and storage unit are located on the main control board, while the acquisition unit is located on the acquisition board. The main control board and the acquisition board communicate with each other via a CAN bus.

[0085] The main control unit uses the STM32L433 chip, including three UART communication interfaces, three SPI communication interfaces, one CAN communication interface, and abundant GPIO pins. One of the three UART interfaces is converted to RS232 for connection to the buoy-based Tiantong satellite terminal, another to RS485 for connection to the battery management module in the power supply unit, and the last to RS232 for connection to an external monitoring PC. One of the main control unit's SPI communication ports is used to communicate with the FLASH chip in the storage module for storing and retrieving data; the main control unit communicates with the array in the acquisition unit via the CAN communication port to obtain array data.

[0086] The communication unit includes a Tiantong satellite module, an RS232 communication module, an RS485 communication module, and a CAN communication module. The Tiantong satellite communication module includes an antenna and a data terminal, connected via Tiantong data cables and GPS data cables. The RS232 communication module uses a MAX3222 chip, connects to the main control unit, and enables data transmission and reception with the Tiantong satellite terminal, while also supplying power to the terminal. The RS485 communication module uses an SN65HVD3082 chip, connects to the battery management module in the power supply module, and obtains relevant battery parameters, such as remaining battery power. The CAN communication module uses an SN65HVD230 chip, connects to the acquisition unit, acquires data from the acquisition array, and supplies power to the array.

[0087] The data acquisition unit includes a temperature acquisition module, a pressure acquisition module, a conductivity acquisition module, an analog-to-digital converter module, and an MCU module. The sensor array includes both a temperature-salinity-depth meter and a temperature-depth meter, capable of acquiring temperature, pressure, and conductivity data. The temperature, pressure, and conductivity acquisition modules perform differential amplification and filtering on the acquired data, followed by analog-to-digital conversion, and then transmit the data back to the main control unit via the CAN bus.

[0088] The power supply unit includes the device battery and power management, responsible for stepping down the battery pack's output voltage in two stages. The device battery uses a 12V output, 20Ah lithium battery. The power management module obtains various battery status parameters in real time via RS232 communication, especially the remaining battery power, in order to adjust system power consumption promptly and ensure stable operation of the system under different power conditions.

[0089] The storage unit includes a FLASH module, which stores the data collected by the sensor array and can provide 2GB of storage capacity. The main control unit controls the FLASH module to turn on or off via GPIO ports. When not collecting data, the FLASH module is set to off mode to reduce power consumption.

[0090] The functional modules of the ground data receiving and processing center include a satellite communication unit, a data transceiver unit, a data processing unit, a data display unit, and a data storage unit. See the schematic diagram of the functional modules of the ground data receiving and processing center. Figure 3 .

[0091] The Tiantong satellite antenna and Tiantong satellite terminal are connected via Tiantong data cable and GPS data cable. The data transceiver unit acquires RS232 data, which is then transmitted to the data processing unit for decoding to reconstruct the original sampled data. The data processing and analysis unit transmits the processed results to the display and early warning unit, which presents the marine environmental data and its changing trends in intuitive charts (such as line graphs and bar charts).

[0092] It is worth noting that in the embodiments of the above system, the modules included are divided according to functional logic, but are not limited to the above division, as long as the corresponding functions can be achieved; in addition, the specific names of each functional module are only for easy differentiation and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0093] Example 2

[0094] like Figure 4 As shown, Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a communication method for marine data based on Tiantong satellite communication. It is implemented based on the marine data acquisition and forwarding device based on Tiantong satellite communication described in Embodiment 1. This method completes the acquisition of marine data in the target area and achieves data transmission and reception with the ground data receiving and processing center via Tiantong satellite. The specific steps are as follows:

[0095] Step P1: Install the corresponding satellite cards on the Tiantong satellite terminals of the marine data buoy center and the ground data receiving and processing center respectively. After connecting the power supply and the RS232 serial cable, power on the Tiantong satellite terminal and wait for the LED light indicating successful network access to light up.

[0096] Step P2: After the Tiantong satellite terminal at the ground data receiving and processing center is successfully powered on and connected to the network, it sends command Q1 to the ocean data buoy center via Tiantong satellite communication in the form of a short message to set the initial time and sampling interval of the buoy center. The protocol format of command Q1 is shown in Table 1 below, where multi-byte data is stored in memory in little-endian mode (low byte at low address);

[0097] Table 1

[0098]

[0099] Each frame of instruction Q1 begins with two "@" symbols. The type field is set to the symbol "T" to indicate that the message is instruction Q1. The length field indicates the number of bytes in each frame of instruction Q1. The time field contains the time value to be set, formatted as a 4-byte year, 2-byte month, 2-byte day, 2-byte hour, 2-byte minute, and 2-byte second value. If the time value is less than 2 bytes, it is padded with leading zeros. The sampling frequency field is a 2-byte frequency value. The checksum field is the CRC checksum of all bytes in instruction Q1.

[0100] Step P3: After receiving instruction Q1, the main control unit of the marine data buoy center powers on the acquisition array element and sets the time of the buoy center and the sampling time interval of the array element. After the setting is completed, the acquisition array element begins to acquire marine hydrological data.

[0101] Step P4: The data acquisition array elements at the ocean data buoy center will automatically save the acquired oceanographic data to the FLASH module. The main control unit will read the data from the FLASH module, assemble the data packets, and then send the sampled data D1 to the ground data receiving and processing center via Tiantong satellite communication in the form of a short message. The protocol format of the sampled data D1 is shown in Table 2.

[0102] Table 2

[0103]

[0104] The D1 sampling data protocol format consists of three parts: a message header, a message body, and a message trailer. The message header includes an identifier header, a station identifier, a number, and a length. In one embodiment, the identifier header is "##". The station identifier ranges from "1" to "256", assigning a unique station identifier to each buoy station. The number is the number of the sampling data frame, ranging from "1" to "65536". The length is the total number of bytes in one frame of sampling data (D1). The message body includes longitude, latitude, time, battery level, and sensor data. The latitude and longitude data are collected by the GPS module of the Tiantong terminal. The time is set to the sampling time. The battery level is set to the remaining battery power. The sensor data is dynamically adjusted according to the number of sensor nodes, with data from multiple sensors sequentially linked. The checksum field is set to the CRC checksum of all bytes in one frame of sampling data (D1). The length of a D1 data frame ranges from 22 to 140 bytes, varying depending on the number of sensors.

[0105] Step P5: After sending instruction Q1 from step 2, the ground data receiving and processing center waits for the arrival of sampled data. If no sampled data is received after the set waiting time, the ground data receiving and processing center will send a power restart instruction Q2 to the ocean data buoy center. The ocean data buoy center will then power on the sensor group and the Tiantong satellite terminal according to the power restart instruction Q2. After power-on, steps P1 to P5 are repeated. If the ground data receiving and processing center receives sampled data D1 within the set waiting time, it will proceed to step P6.

[0106] Table 3

[0107]

[0108] The Q2 instruction protocol format consists of two parts: a message header and a message trailer. The message header includes an identifier header, a type, and a length. In one embodiment, the identifier header is "@@", the type is set to "R", the length is "5", and the checksum field is the CRC checksum value of all bytes of the Q2 instruction.

[0109] Step P6: The ground data receiving and processing center decodes the received sampled data D1, extracts the raw data collected by the sensor, and determines whether the data number is missing. If a data number is missing, a retransmission command Q3 with the specified data number is sent to the ocean data buoy center. This ensures the integrity of the received data and reduces the data loss rate. The ocean data buoy center's main control module will repeat steps P4 to P6 according to the received command Q3. In this case, step P4 sends the sampled data D2 with the specified number. If the data numbers are normal and continuous, the process proceeds to step P7. The protocol format of sampled data D2 is the same as that of sampled data D1, see Table 2. The protocol format of command Q3 is shown in Table 4.

[0110] Table 4

[0111]

[0112] The Q3 instruction protocol format consists of three parts: a message header, a message body, and a message trailer. The message header includes an identifier header, a type, and a length. In one embodiment, the identifier header is "@@", the type is set to "T", and the length is "7". The number field is set to the number value in the sampled data frame D1 that needs to be retransmitted. The checksum field is the CRC checksum value of all bytes in the Q3 instruction.

[0113] Step P7: The ground data receiving and processing center determines whether the battery level is below a set threshold based on the decoded data from step P6. If the battery level is below the set threshold, it sends instruction Q1 to the ocean data buoy center. The ocean data buoy center will automatically adjust the sampling frequency of the sensor nodes according to instruction Q1 to reduce unnecessary data collection, thereby reducing power consumption and extending the buoy's working time, repeating steps P3 to P7. When the battery level is above the set threshold, the sensor nodes collect data at the normal sampling frequency to ensure data continuity and accuracy, proceeding to step P8.

[0114] Step P8: The ground data receiving and processing center saves and graphically displays the received sensor sampling data.

[0115] The above steps constitute a complete cycle of marine hydrological data acquisition, forwarding, and processing based on Tiantong satellite communication. The system repeats the cyclical data acquisition, forwarding, and processing process of steps P1 to P8 at a preset cycle or proceeds to step P9.

[0116] Step P9: The host computer software system of the ground data receiving and processing center is shut down, and the Tiantong satellite terminal is powered off. The ocean data buoy center interrupts the power supply to the Tiantong satellite terminal and the acquisition array.

[0117] In summary, this invention provides a marine hydrological data acquisition and forwarding device and communication method based on the Tiantong satellite. It enables real-time and efficient transmission of marine monitoring data and provides dual backup for marine monitoring data at both the buoy and ground-based ends. The invented communication method can dynamically send sampling data with different numbers of acquisition elements and can also retransmit lost data, ensuring data integrity and accuracy. The marine hydrological data acquisition and forwarding device designed in this invention also has a battery power monitoring function, which can adaptively and dynamically adjust the sampling frequency of sensor nodes, reducing unnecessary data acquisition, thereby reducing power consumption, extending the buoy's working time, and achieving rational energy utilization.

[0118] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for communicating oceanographic data based on Thaicom satellite, based on a collecting device, the collecting device comprising: Oceanographic data buoy center and ground data receiving and processing center, wherein, the oceanographic data buoy center is configured to collect oceanographic data by a sensor array, to package the data according to a self-defined communication format, and to send the data to the ground data receiving and processing center in the form of short messages via a Tianhong satellite communication link; the oceanographic data buoy center is also configured to receive instructions from the ground data receiving and processing center and to process the instructions accordingly; the ground data receiving and processing center is configured to receive oceanographic data in the form of short messages via a Tianhong satellite terminal, to decode, display and store the data, and to send instructions to the oceanographic data buoy center. The method comprises: Step 1: after the Tianhong satellite terminal of the ground data receiving and processing center is powered on and successfully accesses the network, the terminal sends an instruction Q1 to the oceanographic data buoy center in the form of a short message via a Tianhong satellite communication, to set the initial time and sampling time interval of the buoy center; Step 2: after the oceanographic data buoy center receives the instruction Q1 or a power-on instruction Q2, the center powers on the sensor array, sets the time and sampling time interval of the buoy center, and collects oceanographic data; Step 3: the oceanographic data buoy center saves the array element data collected by the sensor array, packages the data in combination with the remaining power value, and sends the sampling data D1 to the ground data receiving and processing center in the form of short messages via a Tianhong satellite communication; when a data retransmission instruction Q3 with a specified number is received, the oceanographic data buoy center sends the sampling data D2 with the specified number to the ground data receiving and processing center; Step 4: if the ground data receiving and processing center does not receive the sampling data within a set waiting time, the center sends the power-on instruction Q2, otherwise, the center decodes the received sampling data D1, restores the original oceanographic data according to the self-defined communication format, and sends the data retransmission instruction Q3 with missing number information when there is a missing number; otherwise, the center further determines whether the remaining power value is lower than a set threshold, and if yes, the center sets a new sampling frequency, constructs a new instruction Q1 and sends the instruction; Step 5: the oceanographic data restored from the sampling data D1 or D2 is saved and displayed; Step 6: steps 1-5 are repeated at a preset period.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The oceanographic data buoy center comprises a buoy body, a Tianhong satellite antenna, a Tianhong satellite terminal, a sensor array, a main control board, an acquisition board, a battery and a cement weight; wherein, the buoy body is provided with an internal electronic compartment and a top platform; the Tianhong satellite antenna is arranged on the top platform of the buoy body; the Tianhong satellite terminal, the main control board and the battery are arranged in the internal electronic compartment; the battery is a 12V output, 20Ah lithium battery; the acquisition board is arranged in the sensor array; the sensor array is arranged at the bottom of the buoy body, can fully contact seawater and avoid direct sunlight interference, is connected to a water-tight connector on the top platform of the buoy body through a cable, the other end of the water-tight connector is connected to the main control board in the internal electronic compartment, and the bottom of the sensor array is connected to the cement weight.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method is implemented by a satellite-based communication system. The sensor array comprises a temperature-salinity-depth instrument and a temperature-depth instrument, and is configured to collect temperature, pressure and conductivity. The acquisition board is provided with an acquisition unit, which comprises a temperature acquisition module, a pressure acquisition module and an electric conductivity acquisition module, respectively used for acquiring temperature, pressure and electric conductivity data, and performing differential amplification, filtering and analog-digital conversion on the sampling data; The acquisition unit further comprises an MCU module, used for receiving a data return instruction of the main control board, and returning the analog-digital converted sampling data to the main control board through a CAN bus.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method is based on the Tiantong satellite. The main control board is provided with a main control unit, a communication unit, a power supply unit and a storage unit; wherein, The main control unit is used for sending the sampling data processed by the acquisition unit to the communication unit after deep packaging, for adjusting the sampling frequency of the sensor array according to the battery related parameters provided by the power supply unit, and for receiving and processing the ground instructions forwarded by the communication unit; The communication unit is used for transmitting the sampling data processed by the acquisition unit to the main control unit, for receiving the data sent by the main control unit in the form of short messages to the ground data receiving and processing center, and for receiving the ground instructions from the ground data receiving and processing center and forwarding them to the main control unit; The power supply unit is used for providing power supply for each component of the ocean data buoy center, and for providing the battery related parameters to the communication unit; The storage unit is used for storing and backing up the sampling data under the control of the main control unit.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises, The main control unit comprises: Three-way UART communication interfaces, one of which is converted into RS232 to connect a Tianhong satellite terminal, another is converted into RS485 to connect the power supply unit, and the third is converted into RS232 to connect an external monitoring PC; An SPI communication interface, used for communication with the storage unit; A CAN communication interface, used for communication with the sensor array; Multi-way GPIO communication interfaces, used for respectively controlling the communication unit enable, receiving or sending, and turning on or off the storage unit.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises, The power supply unit comprises a power management module, used for acquiring each state parameter including the battery remaining capacity information in real time, and sending them to the main control unit.

7. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises: The storage unit comprises a FLASH module, used for storing the element data collected by the sensor array, and realizing turning on or off according to the control of the GPIO communication interface of the main control unit.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is implemented in a satellite-based communication system. The ground data receiving and processing center comprises a satellite communication unit, a data transceiving unit, a data processing unit and a data display and storage unit, wherein, The satellite communication unit comprises a Tianhong satellite antenna and a Tianhong satellite terminal, used for receiving the sampling data in the form of short messages from the ocean data buoy center to the data transceiving unit, and sending the ground instructions transmitted by the data transceiving unit to the ocean data buoy center; The data transceiving unit is used for communication with the satellite communication unit through an RS232 serial port, and for communication with the data processing unit; The data processing unit is used for deep decoding processing of the sampling data, restoring the original ocean hydrological data according to the self-defined communication format, and calculating, converting the pressure value into the depth value, and converting the electric conductivity value into the salinity value; and is further used for comparing the decoded data according to the number value, and sending a data retransmission instruction to the ocean data buoy center when the number value is discontinuous. The data display storage unit is used for storing the received data and displaying real-time data and historical data and power warning.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is implemented in a satellite-based communication system. The instruction Q1 includes a 2-byte identification header, a 1-byte type, a 1-byte byte length of the Q1 instruction, a 14-byte time, a 2-byte sampling frequency and a 1-byte CRC check; The sampling data D1 includes a 2-byte identification header, a 1-byte station position identification, a 2-byte number, a 1-byte data length, a 3-byte latitude, a 4-byte longitude, a 6-byte sampling time, a 2-byte residual power value, a plurality of bytes of sensor data and a 1-byte CRC check; The restart power supply instruction Q2 includes a 2-byte identification header, a 1-byte byte length of the Q2 instruction and a 1-byte CRC check; The data retransmission instruction Q3 includes a 2-byte identification header, a 1-byte type, a 1-byte byte length of the Q3 instruction, a 2-byte number and a 1-byte CRC check.

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