Centralized processing management system and method for multiple data acquisition terminals, and electronic equipment

Through the centralized processing and management system of multiple data acquisition terminals, the problem of insufficient supervision and control capabilities in data center management is solved, unified management and efficient storage of data information is realized, the accuracy and automation level of data management are improved, and management costs are reduced.

CN120238432APending Publication Date: 2025-07-01PETROCHINA CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202311863229.3
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2023-12-29
Publication Date
2025-07-01

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

When the infrastructure supervision and control system manages multiple data centers, the supervision and control capabilities are insufficient, resulting in insufficient data information management, which may cause recording errors and high management costs.

Method used

A centralized processing and management system for multiple data acquisition terminals is adopted, including central sites and local sites. By configuring application modules, data storage modules, alarm monitoring modules and synchronization analysis modules, unified management and distributed storage of data are realized, and the data bus is used to connect local sites and infrastructure to perform data acquisition, alarm detection and storage, and storage efficiency is optimized through high-performance compression algorithms.

Benefits of technology

It improves the accuracy and automation capabilities of data information management, reduces management costs, reduces hidden dangers of manual processing, ensures the accuracy and scientificity of data information, and improves work efficiency and production efficiency.

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Abstract

The invention discloses a centralized processing management system and method for multiple data acquisition terminals and electronic equipment, and belongs to the field of equipment facility management systems.The centralized processing management system comprises a central site and a local site, and the central site comprises a configuration application module, a data storage module, an alarm monitoring module and a synchronous analysis module; a data bus is connected between the central site and the local site, the local site is connected with the infrastructure, and the local site comprises a data acquisition module, a detection alarm module and a data temporary storage module; all data pushed by the data center can be integrated, unified management and distributed storage can be carried out on the data, the working difficulty of workers is reduced, the working efficiency of the workers is improved, the capital expenditure of IT equipment and maintenance personnel of related units or related departments is reduced, the cost expenditure is reduced, and the working efficiency of the workers is improved. And abundant and accurate data can be provided for analyzing key data information.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of equipment and facility management systems, and particularly relates to a multi-data acquisition terminal centralized processing management system and method, and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] The infrastructure supervision and control system is the most critical platform for the operation and maintenance management of data centers, and can provide necessary support for data information applications.

[0003] During the operation of the data information supervision and control platform, the main function is to dynamically collect and process basic data information, store it in a database, and at the same time, based on the supervision and control rules, alarm for data problems that occur to ensure that corresponding personnel can be notified in time for processing.

[0004] In the traditional data information management and application process, when deploying the infrastructure supervision and control system, it is mostly placed inside the data center to process the alarm information and supervision and control information of a single data center. For some relatively large-scale data center operators, several or even dozens of data centers are managed and supervised simultaneously during operation. In the data center management and control process, the supervision and control ability of the system may be somewhat insufficient. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problem of insufficient supervision and control ability of the infrastructure supervision and control system, and proposes a multi-data acquisition terminal centralized processing management system and method, and an electronic device.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A multi-data acquisition terminal centralized processing management system includes a central site and local sites, and the central site includes:

[0008] A configuration application module, which is used to store data acquisition configurations and alarm monitoring configurations, and issue all the configurations to the local sites according to rules;

[0009] A data storage module, which is used to store the data information uploaded by the local sites in real time. The storage manages and stores the real-time uploaded data information in slices according to the storage period and computer room division; the data information includes alarm data information and monitoring data information;

[0010] An alarm monitoring module, which is used to monitor the alarm data information uploaded by the local sites, and at the same time select an alarm channel according to the alarm level to notify the alarm data information;

[0011] A synchronization analysis module, which is used to run several data synchronization tasks, analyze the synchronized alarm data information and monitoring data information in the offline data warehouse, and generate a data analysis report;

[0012] A data bus is connected between the central site and the local site, and the local site is connected to the infrastructure. The local site includes:

[0013] A data acquisition module, which is used to receive the data acquisition configuration issued by the central site, assemble the acquisition protocol request of the data acquisition configuration and then transmit it to the infrastructure, and parse the return result of the infrastructure;

[0014] A detection and alarm module, which is used to receive the monitoring data information of the infrastructure, perform alarm detection on the real-time data according to the alarm configuration of the alarm monitoring configuration issued by the central site, and complete the task of creating alarm records;

[0015] A data temporary storage module, which is used to temporarily store alarm records and monitoring data information.

[0016] Further, the data acquisition configuration includes acquisition data objects, acquisition information, and acquisition protocols, and the alarm monitoring configuration includes notification rules, preconditions, and trigger conditions.

[0017] Further, the acquisition protocols include intelligent building communication protocols, communication protocols, and simple network management protocols.

[0018] A method for centralized processing and management of multi-data acquisition terminals, which uses a centralized processing and management system for multi-data acquisition terminals, including the following steps:

[0019] The central site issues the data acquisition configuration and the alarm monitoring configuration to the local site;

[0020] The local site receives the data acquisition configuration and the alarm monitoring configuration, and the local site summarizes and acquires the operation data of the infrastructure according to the acquisition protocol of the infrastructure and the data acquisition configuration;

[0021] After receiving the data acquisition information of the infrastructure, the local site analyzes and processes the data acquisition information according to the alarm monitoring configuration to obtain the analyzed and processed data and uploads it to the central site; the analysis and processing includes performing alarm detection on the real-time data according to the alarm monitoring configuration and generating alarm information;

[0022] The central site collects, collates, and displays the analyzed and processed data.

[0023] Further, the specific process of the local site aggregating and collecting the operation data of the infrastructure according to the collection protocol of the infrastructure and data collection configuration is as follows: The local site sends communication requests to the infrastructure according to the data object content defined in the data collection configuration. After obtaining the communication requests, the infrastructure transmits the current values of the data objects as the collected data object content to the local site. The client of the collection protocol is the local site, and the server of the collection protocol is the infrastructure.

[0024] Further, the specific process of detecting alarms for real-time data according to the alarm monitoring configuration and generating alarm information is as follows: If the data collection information meets the trigger conditions and preconditions of the alarm monitoring configuration, alarm information is generated and transmitted from the local site to the central site according to the notification rules.

[0025] Further, the specific process of the central site collecting and organizing the analyzed and processed data is as follows: The configuration application module of the central site stores the data collection configuration and the alarm monitoring configuration, and distributes all configurations to the local sites according to rules. The central site stores the real-time data according to the data information storage period of the configuration application module. At the same time, it performs an operation response using a high-performance compression algorithm, and only centrally stores the data once within each storage cycle. The real-time data is stored in a sharded management storage mode. The central site uses the synchronous analysis module to analyze the synchronized alarm data and monitoring data in the offline data warehouse by running several data synchronization tasks, and generates a data analysis report.

[0026] Further, the specific process of the sharded management storage is as follows: When storing real-time data, the real-time data is dynamically routed according to the computer room situation, and independent databases are set up for different types of computer rooms. The high-performance compression algorithm includes an incremental storage algorithm, a string mapping algorithm, and a static lossless compression algorithm.

[0027] Further, the specific process of the display is as follows: The alarm listening module is used to listen to the alarm information uploaded from the local site to the central site, and at the same time, the alarm channels are selected according to the alarm levels to notify the alarm information. The alarm channels include phone calls, text messages, and emails.

[0028] An electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the multi-data collection terminal centralized processing and management method described above is implemented.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0030] A centralized processing and management system for multiple data acquisition terminals proposed by the present invention can integrate all the data promoted by the data centers, and conduct unified management and distributed storage on them, reducing the work difficulty of the staff, improving the work efficiency of the staff, reducing the capital expenditure of the IT equipment and maintenance personnel of the relevant units or departments, and reducing the cost expenditure. At the same time, the centralized processing and management system for multiple data acquisition terminals can also provide rich and accurate data for analyzing key data information.

[0031] A centralized processing and management system for multiple data acquisition terminals provided by the present invention is applied in the link of data information transmission. With its powerful data information collection and transmission functions, it can help relevant units achieve the goal of automated management of data information transmission in a short time. The automated data information transmission management function saves the working time of relevant units and improves work efficiency. Using the centralized processing and management system for multiple data acquisition terminals can eliminate the manual registration time of data information, intelligently record key data, and complete the acquisition of data information, solve the complex work process, reduce the management cost, and improve the automation ability of management.

[0032] A centralized processing and management system for multiple data acquisition terminals provided by the present invention uses automated means in the link of data information recording to improve the convenience and automation ability of data collection, processing and storage. This function is very beneficial for the daily management and control of enterprises, and can help relevant units achieve automated management modes. In the link of data information management and control, due to the influence of subjective factors and various external factors of the staff, it is inevitable that there will be mistakes in the link of data information management, reducing the accuracy of data information, and even some data information will be recorded incorrectly. Using a centralized processing and management system for multiple data acquisition terminals can integrate data information through its automated process and avoid the hidden dangers buried by manual processing.

[0033] A centralized processing and management system for multiple data acquisition terminals provided by the present invention can improve the work efficiency of the unit during use. During work, it can not only ensure accurate and long-term recording of important data information, but also avoid various risks and troubles during data information management, and improve the production efficiency of enterprises and units.

[0034] A centralized processing and management system for multiple data acquisition terminals provided by the present invention can improve the quality of collection, processing and application of information data, and ensure the accuracy and scientificity of data information. With real-time data storage as the center site, in the link of data information storage and display, dynamic routing is realized based on the computer room.

[0035] In the application of a multi - data acquisition terminal centralized processing and management system provided by the present invention, to ensure the operation efficiency of the multi - data acquisition terminal centralized processing and management system, slice - based management and storage is adopted, and independent databases are set up for different computer rooms to control the confidentiality between data information.

[0036] During the application of a multi - data acquisition terminal centralized processing and management system provided by the present invention, different storage periods can be supported, and data is centrally stored once within each cycle time to avoid duplication during data information storage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] The accompanying drawings in the specification are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention.

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the functional structure of a multi - data acquisition terminal centralized processing and management system of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic flow diagram of a multi - data acquisition terminal centralized processing and management method of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of an electronic device for a multi - data acquisition terminal centralized processing and management method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0041] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0042] The following detailed descriptions are all exemplary descriptions, aiming to provide further details of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical terms adopted by the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs. The terms used in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.

[0043] Embodiment 1

[0044] See Figure 1 , a multi - data acquisition terminal centralized processing and management system, including a central site and local sites. The central site includes:

[0045] A configuration application module, used to store data acquisition configurations and alarm monitoring configurations, and distribute all configurations to local sites according to rules;

[0046] A data storage module, which is used to store the data information uploaded in real time by the local site. The storage manages and stores the data information uploaded in real time by slicing according to the storage period and computer room division; the data information includes alarm data information and monitoring data information;

[0047] An alarm monitoring module, which is used to monitor the alarm data information uploaded by the local site, and at the same time select an alarm channel according to the alarm level to notify the alarm data information;

[0048] A synchronization and analysis module, which is used to run several data synchronization tasks, analyze the synchronized alarm data information and monitoring data information in the offline data warehouse, and generate a data analysis report;

[0049] A data bus is connected between the central site and the local site, and the local site is connected to the infrastructure. The local site includes:

[0050] A data acquisition module, which is used to receive the data acquisition configuration issued by the central site, assemble the acquisition protocol request of the data acquisition configuration and then transmit it to the infrastructure, and parse the return result of the infrastructure;

[0051] A detection and alarm module, which is used to receive the monitoring data information of the infrastructure, perform alarm detection on the real-time data according to the alarm configuration of the alarm monitoring configuration issued by the central site, and complete the task of creating alarm records;

[0052] A data temporary storage module, which is used to temporarily store alarm records and monitoring data information.

[0053] The data acquisition configuration includes acquisition data objects, acquisition information and acquisition protocols, and the alarm monitoring configuration includes notification rules, preconditions and trigger conditions.

[0054] The acquisition protocols include intelligent building communication protocols, communication protocols, and simple network management protocols.

[0055] Embodiment 2

[0056] See Figure 2 , a multi-data acquisition terminal centralized processing and management method, which uses a multi-data acquisition terminal centralized processing and management system, including the following steps:

[0057] The central site issues the data acquisition configuration and the alarm monitoring configuration to the local site;

[0058] The local site receives the data acquisition configuration and the alarm monitoring configuration, and the local site aggregates and acquires the operation data of the infrastructure according to the acquisition protocol of the infrastructure and the data acquisition configuration;

[0059] After receiving the data collection information of the infrastructure, the local site analyzes and processes the data collection information according to the alarm monitoring configuration, obtains the analyzed and processed data, and uploads it to the central site; the analysis and processing includes alarm detection of real-time data according to the alarm monitoring configuration and generating alarm information;

[0060] The central site collects, collates, and displays the analyzed and processed data.

[0061] The local site summarizes and collects the operation data of the infrastructure according to the collection protocol of the infrastructure and data collection configuration. Specifically: the local site sends communication requests to the infrastructure according to the data object content defined in the data collection configuration. After obtaining the communication request, the infrastructure transmits the current value of the data object as the collected data object content to the local site; the client of the collection protocol is the local site, and the server of the collection protocol is the infrastructure.

[0062] Alarm detection of real-time data according to the alarm monitoring configuration and generating alarm information is specifically as follows: if the data collection information meets the trigger conditions and preconditions of the alarm monitoring configuration, alarm information is generated, and the alarm information is transmitted from the local site to the central site according to the notification rules.

[0063] The central site collects and collates the analyzed and processed data specifically as follows: the configuration application module of the central site stores the data collection configuration and alarm monitoring configuration, distributes all configurations to the local site according to the rules, the central site stores real-time data according to the data information storage period of the configuration application module, and at the same time uses a high-performance compression algorithm for operation response, only concentrating on storing data once within each storage period, the real-time data is stored in a sharded management storage, and the central site uses a synchronous analysis module to analyze the synchronized alarm data and monitoring data in the offline data warehouse by running several data synchronization tasks, and generates a data analysis report.

[0064] Sharded management storage is specifically as follows: when storing real-time data, the real-time data is dynamically routed according to the computer room situation, and independent databases are set for different types of computer rooms. The high-performance compression algorithm includes an incremental storage algorithm, a string mapping algorithm, and a static lossless compression algorithm.

[0065] Display is specifically as follows: use the alarm monitoring module to monitor the alarm information uploaded from the local site to the central site, and at the same time select the alarm channel according to the alarm level to notify the alarm information; the alarm channels include phone, text message, and email.

[0066] Embodiment Three

[0067] See Figure 3, an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the centralized processing and management method of the multi-data acquisition terminal is implemented.

[0068] Embodiment 4

[0069] In Figure 1 , an intuitive display of the functional structure of the multi-data acquisition terminal centralized processing and management system is made. The system is mainly divided into a local site and a central site. The local site and the central site can be connected using a network, and two-way communication between the local site and the central site can be achieved through a data bus.

[0070] The main function of the local site is to receive the issued alarm monitoring configuration and data acquisition configuration, quickly read the collected data monitoring data and alarm information, etc., and extract them into the central site to complete the storage and display of data information. The functional modules of the central site include a configuration application module, a data storage module, an alarm monitoring module, and a synchronization analysis module. Among them, the main function of the configuration application module is to store the data acquisition configuration and the alarm monitoring configuration, and after the update is completed, all the configurations are issued to the local site according to the rules. The main function of the data storage module is to store the data information uploaded from the local site. Based on the configured storage period and the current situation of the computer room division, the real-time acquired data information is stored in a segmented manner, and a high-performance compression algorithm is quickly responded to achieve the goal of enhancing the storage efficiency. The algorithms included in the high-performance compression algorithm are the incremental storage algorithm and the string mapping algorithm. The alarm monitoring module is responsible for monitoring the alarm information uploaded from the local website, and at the same time, according to different alarm levels, various different types of channels such as phone, text message, or email are selected for notification. The synchronization analysis module is responsible for analyzing the synchronized alarm data and monitoring data in the offline data warehouse by running many data synchronization tasks to generate a data analysis report.

[0071] The functional modules of the local site are divided into a data acquisition module, a detection and alarm module, and a data temporary storage module. Among them, the data acquisition module needs to receive the issued data acquisition configuration, assemble the corresponding protocol requests, and then transmit them to the infrastructure, parse the returned results and make detailed processing to ensure the accuracy of the monitoring results. The function of the detection and alarm module is to receive the monitoring data, and based on the issued alarm device, detect the real-time data of the alarm and complete the creation task of the alarm record. The data temporary storage module can temporarily store the alarm record and the monitoring data in the first time to meet the data usage requirements of the central site.

[0072] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk memory, CD-ROM, optical memory, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.

[0073] The present invention is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatuses (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate means for implementing the functions specified in one Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0074] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including instruction means that implement the functions specified in one Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0075] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, such that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to generate a computer-implemented process, and thus the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that it is still possible to modify the specific implementation manners of the present invention or make equivalent replacements. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A centralized processing and management system for multi-data acquisition terminals, characterized in that, It includes a central site and local sites. The central site includes: A configuration application module, which is used to store data acquisition configurations and alarm monitoring configurations, and distribute all configurations to local sites according to rules; A data storage module, which is used to store the data information uploaded by local sites in real time. The storage manages and stores the real-time uploaded data information in slices according to the storage cycle and computer room division. The data information includes alarm data information and monitoring data information; An alarm monitoring module, which is used to monitor the alarm data information uploaded by local sites, and at the same time select an alarm channel according to the alarm level to notify the alarm data information; A synchronization analysis module, which is used to run several data synchronization tasks, analyze the synchronized alarm data information and monitoring data information in an offline data warehouse, and generate a data analysis report; A data bus is connected between the central site and local sites. The local sites are connected to the infrastructure. The local sites include: A data acquisition module, which is used to receive the data acquisition configuration sent by the central site, assemble the acquisition protocol request of the data acquisition configuration and then transmit it to the infrastructure, and parse the return result of the infrastructure; A detection and alarm module, which is used to receive the monitoring data information of the infrastructure, perform alarm detection on the real-time data according to the alarm configuration of the alarm monitoring configuration sent by the central site, and complete the task of creating alarm records; A data temporary storage module, which is used to temporarily store alarm records and monitoring data information.

2. The multi-data acquisition terminal centralized processing and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition configuration includes acquisition data objects, acquisition information and acquisition protocols. The alarm monitoring configuration includes notification rules, preconditions and trigger conditions.

3. A multi-data acquisition terminal centralized processing and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition protocols include intelligent building communication protocols, communication protocols, and simple network management protocols.

4. A centralized processing and management method for multi-data acquisition terminals, using the multi-data acquisition terminal centralized processing and management system described in claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: The central site distributes the data acquisition configuration and the alarm monitoring configuration to local sites; The local sites receive the data acquisition configuration and the alarm monitoring configuration; The local sites collect and summarize the operation data of the infrastructure according to the infrastructure and the acquisition protocol of the data acquisition configuration; After receiving the data acquisition information of the infrastructure, the local sites analyze and process the data acquisition information according to the alarm monitoring configuration to obtain the analyzed and processed data and upload it to the central site. The analysis and processing include performing alarm detection on the real-time data according to the alarm monitoring configuration and generating alarm information; The central site collects, collates and displays the analyzed and processed data.

5. A centralized processing and management method for a multi-data acquisition terminal according to claim 4, characterized in that, The specific process of the local sites collecting and summarizing the operation data of the infrastructure according to the infrastructure and the acquisition protocol of the data acquisition configuration is as follows: The local sites send communication requests to the infrastructure according to the data object content defined in the data acquisition configuration. After obtaining the communication request, the infrastructure transmits the current value of the data object as the acquired data object content to the local sites. The client of the acquisition protocol is the local site, and the server of the acquisition protocol is the infrastructure.

6. A centralized processing and management method for a multi-data acquisition terminal according to claim 4, characterized in that, The specific process of performing alarm detection on the real-time data according to the alarm monitoring configuration and generating alarm information is as follows: If the data acquisition information meets the trigger conditions and preconditions of the alarm monitoring configuration, alarm information is generated, and the alarm information is transmitted from the local site to the central site according to the notification rules.

7. A centralized processing and management method for a multi-data acquisition terminal according to claim 4, characterized in that, The central site collects and organizes the analyzed and processed data as follows: The configuration application module of the central site stores data acquisition configurations and alarm monitoring configurations, and distributes all configurations to local sites according to rules. The central site stores real-time data according to the data information storage period of the configuration application module, and at the same time uses a high-performance compression algorithm for operation response. Only one centralized storage of data is performed within each storage cycle time. The real-time data is stored in a sharded management storage. The central site uses the synchronization analysis module to analyze the synchronized alarm data and monitoring data in the offline data warehouse by running several data synchronization tasks, and generates a data analysis report.

8. A centralized processing and management method for a multi-data acquisition terminal according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sharded management storage is specifically as follows: When storing real-time data, the real-time data is dynamically routed according to the computer room situation, and independent databases are set up for different types of computer rooms. The high-performance compression algorithm includes an incremental storage algorithm, a string mapping algorithm, and a static lossless compression algorithm.

9. A centralized processing and management method for a multi-data acquisition terminal according to claim 4, characterized in that The display is specifically as follows: The alarm listening module is used to listen to the alarm information uploaded from the local site to the central site, and at the same time select an alarm channel according to the alarm level to notify the alarm information; the alarm channels include phone, text message, and email.

10. An electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the multi-data acquisition terminal centralized processing and management method according to any one of claims 4-9.