Antenna and electronic device

Abstract

An antenna and an electronic device, the antenna comprising at least one antenna unit (100), the antenna unit (100) at least comprising: a dielectric substrate comprising a first substrate (101) and a second substrate (102) arranged opposite to each other; the conductive layer comprises a first conductive layer (11) and a second conductive layer (12); the phase shifting structure (1001) is arranged between the first substrate (101) and the second substrate (102); the first conductive layer (11) is arranged on one side, far away from the second substrate (102), of the first substrate (101); the second conductive layer (12) is arranged on one side, far away from the first substrate (101), of the second substrate (102); the first conductive layer (11) is provided with a first periodic structure (111), and the first periodic structure (111) comprises a plurality of first conductive structures (1111) which are periodically arranged at intervals; the second conductive layer (12) is provided with a radiation structure (121), and orthographic projections of the radiation structure (121), the phase shift structure (1001) and the first periodic structure (111) on the first substrate (101) are at least partially overlapped.

Description

Antennas and electronics Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to, but are not limited to, the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of wireless communication technology, mobile communication products have also experienced rapid growth. Mobile communication products enable data transmission and resource sharing. Antennas are essential components in mobile communication products. Antennas transmit and receive electromagnetic waves and are widely used in fields such as communications, radar, navigation, broadcasting, television, remote sensing, and radio astronomy.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following is a summary of the subject matter described in detail herein. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna, comprising at least one antenna unit, the antenna unit comprising at least a dielectric substrate, a phase-shifting structure, and a conductive layer, the dielectric substrate comprising at least a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite each other, the conductive layer comprising at least a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer, the phase-shifting structure disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the first conductive layer disposed on a side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, and the second conductive layer disposed on a side of the second substrate away from the first substrate;

[0006] The first conductive layer is provided with a first periodic structure, which includes a plurality of first conductive structures arranged at periodic intervals; the second conductive layer is provided with a radiating structure, and in the same antenna unit, the radiating structure, the phase-shifting structure, and the orthographic projections of the first periodic structure on the first substrate at least partially overlap, and the first periodic structure has a "zero reflection phase" characteristic.

[0007] In an exemplary embodiment, the first conductive layer further comprises a receiving structure, and the second conductive layer further comprises a second periodic structure, wherein the second periodic structure comprises a plurality of second conductive structures arranged at periodic intervals;

[0008] In the same antenna unit, the receiving structure is spaced apart from the first periodic structure, the radiating structure is spaced apart from the second periodic structure, the orthographic projection of the radiating structure on the first substrate is within the range of the orthographic projection of the first periodic structure on the first substrate, and the orthographic projection of the receiving structure on the first substrate is within the range of the orthographic projection of the second periodic structure on the first substrate.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, the dielectric substrate further includes a third substrate and a fourth substrate, and the conductive layer further includes a third conductive layer and a fourth conductive layer. In a direction perpendicular to the plane of the first substrate, the third substrate is disposed on a side of the first conductive layer away from the first substrate, and the third conductive layer is disposed on a side of the third substrate away from the first conductive layer. The fourth substrate and the fourth conductive layer are disposed between the second substrate and the second conductive layer, the fourth conductive layer is disposed between the second substrate and the fourth substrate, and the fourth substrate is disposed between the second conductive layer and the fourth conductive layer.

[0010] The first conductive layer is also provided with a first reference ground structure, the third conductive layer is provided with a receiving structure, and the fourth conductive layer is provided with a second periodic structure and a second reference ground structure, and the second periodic structure includes a plurality of second conductive structures arranged at periodic intervals; in the same antenna unit, the orthographic projection of the radiating structure on the first substrate is located within the range of the orthographic projection of the first periodic structure and the second reference ground structure on the first substrate, and the orthographic projection of the receiving structure on the first substrate is located within the range of the orthographic projection of the second periodic structure and the first reference ground structure on the first substrate.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, the first reference ground structure is provided with a first slit, the second reference ground structure is provided with a second slit, and orthographic projections of both ends of the phase shifting structure on the first substrate partially overlap with the first slit and the second slit, respectively.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, the phase-shifting structure includes at least one phase shifter and two transmission structures. The two transmission structures are respectively arranged at both ends of the phase shifter on a plane parallel to the first substrate. The orthographic projections of the ends of the two transmission structures away from one end of the phase shifter on the first substrate at least partially overlap with the orthographic projections of the centers of the first slit and the second slit on the first substrate, respectively.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment, on a plane parallel to the first substrate, an extending direction of the first slit and the second slit intersects with an arrangement direction of the two transmission structures and the one phase shifter in the phase shifting structure.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment, a first gap is provided between the first reference ground structure and the first periodic structure, and a second gap is provided between the second reference ground structure and the second periodic structure. On a plane parallel to the first substrate, an extension direction of the first gap is consistent with an extension direction of the second gap, and an orthographic projection of the first gap on the first substrate at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the second gap on the first substrate.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, the phase-shifting structure includes at least one phase shifter and two transmission structures, wherein the two transmission structures are respectively arranged at both ends of the phase shifter, wherein the orthographic projection of one transmission structure on the first substrate is within the range of the orthographic projections of the first periodic structure and the second reference ground structure on the first substrate, and the orthographic projection of the other transmission structure on the first substrate is within the range of the orthographic projections of the second periodic structure and the first reference ground structure on the first substrate.

[0016] In an exemplary embodiment, among the two transmission structures, when one transmission structure corresponds to the first periodic structure or the first reference ground structure, the other transmission structure corresponds to the second reference ground structure or the second periodic structure; for the same transmission structure, it does not correspond to the first periodic structure and the second periodic structure at the same time, and does not correspond to the first reference ground structure and the second reference ground structure at the same time.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projections of the two transmission structures on the first substrate are respectively located within the range of the orthographic projections of the radiation structure and the receiving structure on the first substrate.

[0018] In an exemplary embodiment, the two transmission structures include a first transmission structure and a second transmission structure, the phase shifter includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal layer is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, the first electrode is arranged on the side of the first substrate facing the second substrate, and the second electrode is arranged on the side of the second substrate facing the first substrate, the first transmission structure is connected to the first electrode or the second electrode, the second transmission structure is connected to the first electrode or the second electrode, the orthographic projections of the first electrode and the second electrode on the first substrate at least partially overlap, and on a plane parallel to the first substrate, the orthographic projections of the first transmission structure and the second transmission structure on the first substrate are located on both sides of the orthographic projections of the first electrode and the second electrode on the first substrate.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, the first transmission structure and the second transmission structure are of one of a dipole, a transmission line, and a power splitter / combiner. In the same antenna unit, the first transmission structure and the second transmission structure are of the same or different types.

[0020] In an exemplary embodiment, the first electrode and the second electrode are both independent electrodes, the first transmission structure is connected to the first electrode, and the second transmission structure is connected to the second electrode;

[0021] Alternatively, one of the first electrode and the second electrode is an independent electrode and the other is an auxiliary electrode, and the auxiliary electrode includes a plurality of sub-electrodes arranged along the interval; the first transmission structure and the second transmission structure are both connected to the independent electrode of the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0022] In an exemplary embodiment, in a structure where the type of the transmission structure is a transmission line or a power splitter / combiner, the antenna unit further includes a first probe and / or a second probe, and the first probe and the second probe extend in a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate is located;

[0023] In a structure in which both the first electrode and the second electrode are independent electrodes, the first transmission structure is electrically connected to the receiving structure via the first probe, and / or the second transmission structure is electrically connected to the radiating structure via the second probe;

[0024] In a structure in which the first electrode is an independent electrode and the second electrode is an auxiliary electrode, the first transmission structure and the receiving structure are electrically connected via the first probe;

[0025] In a structure where the first electrode is an auxiliary electrode and the second electrode is an independent electrode, the second transmission structure is electrically connected to the radiation structure through the second probe.

[0026] In an exemplary embodiment, there are a plurality of antenna units, and on a plane parallel to the first substrate, the plurality of antenna units are arranged in an array or along one direction.

[0027] In an exemplary embodiment, the phase-shifting structure includes at least a transmission structure and a phase shifter, the orthographic projections of the transmission structure and the radiation structure on the first substrate are located within the range of the orthographic projection of the first periodic structure on the first substrate, and the orthographic projections of the transmission structure and the radiation structure on the first substrate at least partially overlap.

[0028] In an exemplary embodiment, the number of the antenna units is multiple, and on a plane parallel to the first substrate, the multiple antenna units are arranged in an array or along one of the directions, the multiple antenna units share a first periodic structure, and the orthographic projections of the multiple radiating structures and the multiple phase-shifting structures in the multiple antenna units on the first substrate are within the range of the orthographic projection of the first periodic structure on the first substrate.

[0029] In an exemplary embodiment, a third reference ground structure and a fifth substrate are further provided between the first periodic structure and the first substrate. In a direction perpendicular to the plane of the first substrate, the fifth substrate is located between the third reference ground structure and the first periodic structure, and the third reference ground structure is located between the fifth substrate and the first substrate. The plurality of first conductive structures in the first periodic structure are electrically connected to the third reference ground structure via probes.

[0030] In an exemplary embodiment, a fourth reference ground structure and a sixth substrate are further provided between the second periodic structure and the second substrate. In a direction perpendicular to the plane of the first substrate, the sixth substrate is located between the fourth reference ground structure and the second periodic structure, and the fourth reference ground structure is located between the second substrate and the sixth substrate. The plurality of second conductive structures in the second periodic structure are electrically connected to the fourth reference ground structure via probes.

[0031] In an exemplary embodiment, in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the first substrate, the sum of the sizes of the first periodic structure, the third reference ground structure, and the fifth substrate is consistent with the size of the receiving structure, and the sum of the sizes of the second periodic structure, the fourth reference ground structure, and the sixth substrate is consistent with the size of the radiating structure.

[0032] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projections of the first periodic structure, the third reference ground structure, and the fifth substrate on the first substrate overlap, and the orthographic projections of the second periodic structure, the fourth reference ground structure, and the sixth substrate on the first substrate overlap.

[0033] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the first periodic structure is a square, a triangle, or a polygon with four or more sides; the shape of the second periodic structure is a square, a triangle, or a polygon with four or more sides, and the shape of the first periodic structure is the same as or different from the shape of the second periodic structure.

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment, the shapes of the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are regular or irregular, and the regular shape includes one of a square, a rectangle, a triangle, a polygon with more than four sides, a circle, a ring, and a spiral. The shape of the first conductive structure is the same as or different from the shape of the second conductive structure.

[0035] In an exemplary embodiment, the first conductive structure and / or the second conductive structure is further provided with a gap.

[0036] In an exemplary embodiment, the phase-shifting structure includes at least one phase shifter and two transmission structures, wherein the two transmission structures are respectively arranged at both ends of the phase shifter. Among the two transmission structures, when one transmission structure corresponds to the first periodic structure or the receiving structure, the other transmission structure corresponds to the second periodic structure or the radiating structure. For the same transmission structure, it does not correspond to the first periodic structure and the second periodic structure at the same time, and does not correspond to the receiving structure and the radiating structure at the same time.

[0037] In an exemplary embodiment, the second periodic structure has a “zero reflection phase” characteristic.

[0038] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device comprising the antenna described in any of the above embodiments.

[0039] Still other aspects will become apparent upon reading and understanding the accompanying drawings and detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] The accompanying drawings are intended to provide a further understanding of the technical solutions of the present disclosure and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present disclosure, they are used to explain the technical solutions of the present disclosure and do not constitute a limitation of the technical solutions of the present disclosure. The shapes and sizes of each component in the drawings do not reflect the actual scale and are intended only to illustrate the contents of the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] FIG2 is a plan view of a first conductive layer provided on the first substrate in FIG1 ;

[0043] FIG3 is a plan view of a second conductive layer provided on the second substrate in FIG1 ;

[0044] FIG4 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] FIG5 is a plan view of a first conductive layer provided on the first substrate in FIG4 ;

[0046] FIG6 is a plan view of a second conductive layer provided on the second substrate in FIG4 ;

[0047] FIG7 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] FIG8 is a plan view of the first conductive layer provided on the first substrate in FIG7 ;

[0049] FIG9 is a schematic plan view of the fourth conductive layer provided on the second substrate in FIG7 ;

[0050] FIG10 is a plan view of the third conductive layer provided on the third substrate in FIG7 ;

[0051] FIG11 is a plan view of the second conductive layer provided on the fourth substrate in FIG7 ;

[0052] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of a phase shift structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0053] FIG13 is a schematic diagram showing a planar structure of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] FIG14 is a schematic diagram showing a planar structure of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] FIG15 a is a schematic diagram showing a planar structure of a phase shifting structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0056] FIG15 b is a schematic plan view of a phase shift structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0057] FIG16a is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of a phase shifting structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0058] FIG16 b is a schematic diagram showing a planar structure of a phase shifting structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0059] FIG17a is a schematic plan view of a phase shift structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0060] FIG17 b is a schematic diagram showing a planar structure of a phase shifting structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0061] FIG18a is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of a phase shifting structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0062] FIG18 b is a schematic plan view of a phase shift structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0063] FIG19 is a schematic diagram showing a planar structure of a phase shifting structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0064] FIG20 a is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0065] FIG20 b is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0066] FIG20 c is a schematic plan view showing the first periodic structure and the first reference ground structure provided on the first substrate in FIG20 b ;

[0067] FIG20 d is a schematic plan view of the second periodic structure and the second reference ground structure provided on the second substrate in FIG20 b ;

[0068] FIG21 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0069] FIG22 a is a schematic plan view of a first conductive structure or a second conductive structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0070] FIG22 b is a schematic plan view of a first conductive structure or a second conductive structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0071] FIG22 c is a schematic plan view of a first conductive structure or a second conductive structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0072] FIG23 a is a schematic plan view of a first conductive structure or a second conductive structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0073] FIG23 b is a schematic plan view of a first conductive structure or a second conductive structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0074] FIG23 c is a schematic plan view of a first conductive structure or a second conductive structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0075] FIG24 is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0076] FIG25 is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0077] FIG26 is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0078] FIG27 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0079] The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments can be implemented in a number of different forms. A person of ordinary skill in the art can easily understand the fact that the methods and contents can be transformed into various forms without departing from the purpose and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure should not be interpreted as being limited to the contents described in the following embodiments. Unless there is a conflict, the embodiments in the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined with each other. In order to keep the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure clear and concise, the present disclosure omits detailed descriptions of some known functions and known components. The drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure only involve structures related to the embodiments of the present disclosure. Other structures can refer to the general design

[0080] The scales of the figures in this disclosure are intended to serve as a reference for actual processes, but are not intended to be limiting. For example, the thickness and spacing of each film layer, and the width and spacing of each signal line, can be adjusted based on actual conditions. The figures described in this disclosure are merely schematic diagrams of the structures, and one embodiment of this disclosure is not limited to the shapes or values ​​shown in the figures.

[0081] In this specification, ordinal numbers such as “first”, “second” and “third” are provided to avoid confusion among constituent elements, and are not intended to limit the number.

[0082] In this specification, for convenience, words and phrases indicating orientation or positional relationships, such as "middle," "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inside," and "outside," are used to illustrate the positional relationships of constituent elements with reference to the accompanying drawings. This is merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of this specification and simplifying the description, and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present disclosure. The positional relationships of constituent elements may be appropriately changed depending on the direction in which each constituent element is described. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the words and phrases described in the specification and may be appropriately replaced depending on the circumstances.

[0083] In this specification, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed, removable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct connections, indirect connections through intermediaries, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this disclosure.

[0084] In this specification, "electrically connected" includes components connected together via an element having some electrical function. There are no particular limitations on the "element having some electrical function" as long as it enables the transfer of electrical signals between the connected components. Examples of "element having some electrical function" include not only electrodes and wiring but also switching elements such as transistors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, and other components with one or more functions.

[0085] In this specification, "parallel" refers to a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than -10° and less than 10°, and thus includes a state where the angle is greater than -5° and less than 5°. Furthermore, "perpendicular" refers to a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than 80° and less than 100°, and thus includes a state where the angle is greater than 85° and less than 95°.

[0086] In this specification, the terms "film" and "layer" may be interchanged. For example, "conductive layer" may be replaced with "conductive film." Similarly, "insulating film" may be replaced with "insulating layer."

[0087] The triangles, rectangles, trapezoids, pentagons or hexagons in this specification are not in the strict sense, but may be approximate triangles, rectangles, trapezoids, pentagons or hexagons, etc. There may be some small deformations caused by tolerances, and there may be chamfers, arc edges and deformations.

[0088] The term "about" in the present disclosure refers to a numerical value that is not strictly defined and allows for process and measurement errors.

[0089] The "thickness" in this disclosure refers to the dimension of the film layer in the direction perpendicular to the substrate.

[0090] Antenna performance is crucial to the overall performance of most wireless communication systems. With technological advancements, the demands for antenna performance are becoming increasingly stringent. Beyond traditional metrics like gain and polarization, antennas are often required to possess low profiles, be lightweight, and be easily conformable. Liquid crystal antennas are a widely used type of antenna. Liquid crystal antenna arrays can leverage the characteristics of liquid crystal phase shifters to control beam direction, achieving phased array, reflective array, or transmissive array functionality. However, the structure of liquid crystal antennas requires metal floors on both the upper and lower substrates of the liquid crystal to form a closed structure. This enclosed structure is prone to cavity resonance, which can affect the antenna's operating bandwidth. Furthermore, the laminated structure of the upper and lower substrates of liquid crystal antennas results in a relatively high thickness, making the fabrication of low-profile antennas challenging.

[0091] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna that may include at least one antenna unit, the antenna unit including at least a dielectric substrate, a phase-shifting structure, and a conductive layer. The dielectric substrate includes at least a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other. The conductive layer includes at least a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer. The phase-shifting structure is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first conductive layer is disposed on a side of the first substrate away from the second substrate. The second conductive layer is disposed on a side of the second substrate away from the first substrate.

[0092] The first conductive layer is provided with a first periodic structure, which includes a plurality of first conductive structures arranged at periodic intervals; the second conductive layer is provided with a radiating structure. In the same antenna unit, the radiating structure, the phase-shifting structure, and the orthographic projections of the first periodic structure on the first substrate at least partially overlap, and the first periodic structure has a "zero reflection phase" characteristic.

[0093] In the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the antenna includes at least one antenna unit, and a first periodic structure is provided on the first conductive layer on the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate in the antenna unit. The first periodic structure includes multiple first conductive structures arranged at periodic intervals, which is not a closed conductive structure. It can reduce cavity resonance, improve the cavity environment of the antenna, and is conducive to suppressing resonance and widening bandwidth.

[0094] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna. As shown in FIG1 , the antenna may include at least one antenna unit 100. The antenna unit 100 may include at least a dielectric substrate, a phase-shifting structure 1001, and a conductive layer. The dielectric substrate includes at least a first substrate 101 and a second substrate 102 disposed opposite to each other. The conductive layer includes at least a first conductive layer 11 and a second conductive layer 12. The phase-shifting structure 1001 is disposed between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102. The first conductive layer 11 is disposed on a side of the first substrate 101 away from the second substrate 102. The second conductive layer 12 is disposed on a side of the second substrate 102 away from the first substrate 101.

[0095] The first conductive layer 11 is provided with a first periodic structure 111, which includes a plurality of first conductive structures 1111 arranged at periodic intervals; the second conductive layer 12 is provided with a radiating structure 121. In the same antenna unit 100, the orthographic projections of the radiating structure 121, the phase-shifting structure 1001, and the first periodic structure 111 on the first substrate 101 at least partially overlap, and the first periodic structure 111 has a "zero reflection phase" characteristic.

[0096] In the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the antenna structure shown in Figure 1, the first periodic structure 111 is an artificial periodic structure with a "zero reflection phase" characteristic, and there is no need to set up a whole-surface metal floor (the whole-surface metal floor can be understood as a closed metal floor structure). The antenna structure provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure uses the first periodic structure 111 instead of the whole-surface metal floor. On the one hand, it can reduce the cross-section of the antenna, and on the other hand, it can reduce the cavity resonance, improve the cavity environment of the antenna, and help suppress resonance and widen the bandwidth.

[0097] In an exemplary embodiment, FIG2 is a schematic planar structural diagram of a first conductive layer 11 disposed on the first substrate 101 in FIG1 , and FIG3 is a schematic planar structural diagram of a second conductive layer 12 disposed on the second substrate 102 in FIG1 .

[0098] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG4 , the first conductive layer 11 further includes a receiving structure 112 , and the second conductive layer 12 further includes a second periodic structure 122 . The second periodic structure 122 may include a plurality of second conductive structures 1221 arranged at periodic intervals.

[0099] In the same antenna unit 100, the receiving structure 112 is spaced apart from the first periodic structure 111, and the radiating structure 121 is spaced apart from the second periodic structure 122. The orthographic projection of the radiating structure 121 on the first substrate 101 is within the range of the orthographic projection of the first periodic structure 111 on the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of the receiving structure 112 on the first substrate 101 is within the range of the orthographic projection of the second periodic structure 122 on the first substrate 101.

[0100] In an exemplary embodiment, FIG5 is a schematic planar structural diagram of a first conductive layer 11 disposed on the first substrate 101 in FIG4 , and FIG6 is a schematic planar structural diagram of a second conductive layer 12 disposed on the second substrate 102 in FIG4 .

[0101] In the antennas shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 , the antenna has relatively few stacked structures, which can reduce the volume of the antenna and help reduce the antenna cross-section.

[0102] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG7 , the dielectric substrate may further include a third substrate 103 and a fourth substrate 104, and the conductive layer may further include a third conductive layer 13 and a fourth conductive layer 14. In a direction perpendicular to the plane of the first substrate 101, the third substrate 103 is disposed on a side of the first conductive layer 11 away from the first substrate 101, the third conductive layer 13 is disposed on a side of the third substrate 103 away from the first conductive layer 11, the fourth substrate 104 and the fourth conductive layer 14 are disposed between the second substrate 102 and the second conductive layer 12, the fourth conductive layer 14 is disposed between the second substrate 102 and the fourth substrate 104, and the fourth substrate 104 is disposed between the second conductive layer 12 and the fourth conductive layer 14.

[0103] The first conductive layer 11 is also provided with a first reference ground structure 131, the third conductive layer 13 is provided with a receiving structure 112, and the fourth conductive layer 14 is provided with a second periodic structure 122 and a second reference ground structure 141. The second periodic structure 122 may include a plurality of second conductive structures 1221 arranged at periodic intervals; in the same antenna unit 100, the orthographic projection of the radiating structure 121 on the first substrate 101 is located within the range of the orthographic projections of the first periodic structure 111 and the second reference ground structure 141 on the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of the receiving structure 112 on the first substrate 101 is located within the range of the orthographic projections of the second periodic structure 122 and the first reference ground structure 131 on the first substrate 101.

[0104] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 8 shows a planar structural schematic diagram of a first reference ground structure 131 and a first periodic structure 111 set on the first substrate 101 in Figure 7, Figure 9 shows a planar structural schematic diagram of a second reference ground structure 141 and a second periodic structure 122 structure set on the second substrate 102 in Figure 7, Figure 10 shows a planar structural schematic diagram of a receiving structure 112 set on the third substrate 103 in Figure 7, and Figure 11 shows a planar structural schematic diagram of a radiation structure 121 set on the fourth substrate 104 in Figure 7.

[0105] In an exemplary embodiment, the second periodic structure 122 has a “zero reflection phase” characteristic.

[0106] In the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, the antenna structure shown in Figures 4 and 7, the second periodic structure 122 is an artificial periodic structure with a "zero reflection phase" characteristic, and there is no need to set up a whole-surface metal floor (the whole-surface metal floor can be understood as a closed metal floor structure). The second periodic structure 122 is used in the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure to replace the whole-surface metal floor. On the one hand, compared with the structure in which the whole-surface metal floor occupies a separate film layer, the cross-section of the antenna can be reduced. On the other hand, the cavity resonance can be reduced, the cavity environment of the antenna can be improved, and it is beneficial to suppress resonance and widen the bandwidth.

[0107] In the exemplary embodiment, in the antenna structure shown in Figures 4 and 7, the first periodic structure 111 is an artificial periodic structure with a "zero reflection phase" characteristic, and there is no need to set up a whole-surface metal floor (the whole-surface metal floor can be understood as a closed metal floor structure). In the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first periodic structure 111 is used to replace the whole-surface metal floor. On the one hand, compared with the structure in which the whole-surface metal floor occupies a separate film layer, the cross-section of the antenna can be reduced. On the other hand, the cavity resonance can be reduced, the cavity environment of the antenna can be improved, and it is beneficial to suppress the resonance and broaden the bandwidth.

[0108] In an exemplary embodiment, in the structure shown in FIG4 , the receiving structure 112 and the first periodic structure 111 are located in the same conductive layer, and the radiating structure 121 and the second periodic structure 122 are located in the same structural layer. While achieving the isolation and reflection functions of the closed metal floor, the film layer structure will not be increased, and the requirements for the thickness of the phase-shifting structure can be reduced (when the phase-shifting structure includes liquid crystal, the requirements for the thickness of the liquid crystal box can be reduced), which is beneficial for reducing the antenna cross-section. In addition, using the first periodic structure 111 and the second periodic structure 122 with a "zero reflection phase" characteristic instead of the entire metal floor can reduce cavity resonance.

[0109] In the exemplary embodiment, in the structure shown in FIG7 , the first reference ground structure 131 and the first periodic structure 111 are located in the same conductive layer, and the second reference ground structure 141 and the second periodic structure 122 are located in the same structural layer. While achieving the isolation and reflection functions of the closed metal floor, the film layer structure is not increased, which can reduce the requirements for the thickness of the phase-shifting structure (when the phase-shifting structure includes liquid crystal, the requirements for the thickness of the liquid crystal box can be reduced), which is beneficial for reducing the antenna cross-section. In addition, using the first periodic structure 111 and the second periodic structure 122 with a "zero reflection phase" characteristic instead of the entire metal floor can reduce cavity resonance.

[0110] In the antennas shown in FIG4 and FIG7 , the first periodic structure 111 and the second periodic structure 1221 located on both sides of the phase-shifting structure 1001 are not closed conductive structures (i.e., the first periodic structure 111 and the second periodic structure 122 are used to replace the entire metal floor). This can reduce the cross-section of the antenna (the first periodic structure 111 and the second periodic structure 122 share a film layer with other structures, which saves space compared to the entire metal floor occupying a separate film layer). This reduces cavity resonance, improves the antenna cavity environment, and helps suppress resonance and broaden bandwidth.

[0111] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 7 to 9, the first reference ground structure 131 is provided with a first gap L1, the second reference ground structure 141 is provided with a second gap L2, and the orthographic projections of both ends of the phase-shifting structure 1001 on the first substrate 101 partially overlap with the first gap L1 and the second gap L2, respectively.

[0112] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG12 , which is a schematic planar structural diagram of a phase-shifting structure 1001, the phase-shifting structure 1001 may include at least one phase shifter W1 and two transmission structures W2. The two transmission structures W2 are disposed at opposite ends of the phase shifter W1 on a plane parallel to the first substrate 101. The orthographic projections of the ends of the two transmission structures W2 distal to the phase shifter W1 on the first substrate 101 at least partially overlap with the orthographic projections of the centers of the first slit L1 and the second slit L2, respectively. In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projections of the ends of the two transmission structures W2 distal to the phase shifter W1 on the first substrate 101 may overlap with the orthographic projections of the centerlines of the first slit L1 and the second slit L2, respectively, extending along the second direction Y, on the first substrate 101.

[0113] In an exemplary embodiment, the positions of the first slit L1 and the second slit L2 in the first reference ground structure 131 and the second reference ground structure 141, respectively, can be determined by the positions of the ends of the two transmission structures W2 on the side away from the phase shifter W1 (i.e., the end positions of the transmission structures W2). For example, the orthographic projections of the end positions of the two transmission structures W2 on the first substrate 101 can overlap with the orthographic projections of the midlines of the first slit L1 and the second slit L2 extending along the second direction Y on the first substrate 101.

[0114] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 13 and 14 , on a plane parallel to the first substrate 101, the extending direction of the first slit L1 and the second slit L2 intersects the arrangement direction of the two transmission structures W2 and the one phase shifter W1 in the phase shifting structure 1001. For example, the first slit L1 and the second slit L2 extend along the second direction Y, the two transmission structures W2 and the one phase shifter W1 are arranged along the first direction X, and the first direction X intersects the second direction Y. In an exemplary embodiment, on a plane parallel to the first substrate 101, the extending direction of the first slit L1 and the second slit L2 is orthogonal (i.e., perpendicular) to the arrangement direction of the two transmission structures W2 and the one phase shifter W1 in the phase shifting structure 1001.

[0115] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 7 to 9, a first gap R1 is defined between the first reference ground structure 131 and the first periodic structure 111, and a second gap R2 is defined between the second reference ground structure 141 and the second periodic structure 122. On a plane parallel to the first substrate 101, the extension direction of the first gap R1 coincides with the extension direction of the second gap R2, and the orthographic projection of the first gap R1 on the first substrate 101 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second gap R2 on the first substrate 101. In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the first gap R1 on the first substrate 101 and the orthographic projection of the second gap R2 on the first substrate 101 may overlap.

[0116] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 7 to 9 and Figures 12 to 14, the phase shifting structure 1001 may include at least one phase shifter W1 and two transmission structures W2, and the two transmission structures W2 are respectively arranged at both ends of the phase shifter W1, wherein the orthographic projection of one transmission structure W2 on the first substrate 101 is located within the range of the orthographic projections of the first periodic structure 111 and the second reference ground structure 141 on the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of the other transmission structure W2 on the first substrate 101 is located within the range of the orthographic projections of the second periodic structure 122 and the first reference ground structure 131 on the first substrate 101. In an exemplary embodiment, the areas occupied by the first periodic structure 111 and the first reference ground structure 131 located in the same layer in their respective film layers can be set according to the actual structure, and the area occupied by each structure is not set (i.e., the areas of the first periodic structure 111 and the first reference ground structure 131 can be equal, or one can be larger and the other smaller). The areas occupied by the second periodic structure 122 and the second reference ground structure 141 located in the same layer in their respective film layers can be set according to the actual structure, and the area occupied by each structure is not set (i.e., the areas of the second periodic structure 122 and the second reference ground structure 141 can be equal, or one can be larger and the other smaller). It is sufficient to satisfy the condition that "the orthographic projection of one of the transmission structures W2 on the first substrate 101 is within the range of the orthographic projections of the first periodic structure 111 and the second reference ground structure 141 on the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of the other transmission structure W2 on the first substrate 101 is within the range of the orthographic projections of the second periodic structure 122 and the first reference ground structure 131 on the first substrate 101."

[0117] In exemplary embodiments, as shown in Figures 7 to 9 and 12 to 14, of the two transmission structures W2, one transmission structure W2 corresponds to the first periodic structure 111 or the first reference ground structure 131, while the other transmission structure W2 corresponds to the second reference ground structure 141 or the second periodic structure 122. The same transmission structure W2 does not correspond to both the first periodic structure 111 and the second periodic structure 122, nor does it correspond to both the first reference ground structure 131 and the second reference ground structure 141. For example, if one side (e.g., the lower side) of a transmission structure corresponds to the first reference ground structure 131, the other side (e.g., the upper side) of the transmission structure corresponds to the second periodic structure 122. In other words, the upper and lower sides of the transmission structure do not simultaneously correspond to the same type of structure (the first periodic structure 111 and the second periodic structure 122 are of the same type, and the first reference ground structure 131 and the second reference ground structure 141 are of the same type).

[0118] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG7 to FIG9 and FIG12 to FIG14, the orthographic projections of the two transmission structures W2 on the first substrate 101 are respectively located within the range of the orthographic projections of the radiation structure 121 and the receiving structure 112 on the first substrate 101.

[0119] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 4, 7, and 12, a phase-shifting structure 1001 includes at least one phase shifter W1 and two transmission structures W2, one disposed at either end of the phase shifter W1. Of the two transmission structures W2, one corresponds to the first periodic structure 111 or the receiving structure 112, while the other corresponds to the second periodic structure 122 or the radiating structure 121. The same transmission structure W2 may not correspond to both the first periodic structure 111 and the second periodic structure 122, nor may it correspond to both the receiving structure 112 and the radiating structure 121. For example, if one side (e.g., the lower side) of a transmission structure corresponds to the receiving structure 112, the other side (e.g., the upper side) of the transmission structure may correspond to the second periodic structure 122. In other words, the upper and lower sides may not simultaneously correspond to the same type of structure (the first periodic structure 111 and the second periodic structure 122 are of the same type, and the receiving structure 112 and the radiating structure 121 are of the same type).

[0120] In an exemplary embodiment, the shapes of the first gap R1 and the second gap R2 can be, but are not limited to, straight lines and curves, and the positions of the first gap R1 and the second gap R2 can be determined by the relative position of the transmission structure W2. For example, the orthographic projection of one of the transmission structures W2 on the first substrate 101 is within the range of the orthographic projections of the first periodic structure 111 and the second reference ground structure 141 on the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of the other transmission structure W2 on the first substrate 101 is within the range of the orthographic projections of the second periodic structure 122 and the first reference ground structure 131 on the first substrate 101.

[0121] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1, 4, 7 and 12, the two transmission structures W2 may include a first transmission structure W21 and a second transmission structure W22, the phase shifter W1 may include a first electrode d1, a second electrode d2 and a liquid crystal layer LC, the liquid crystal layer LC is arranged between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102, the first electrode d1 is arranged on the side of the first substrate 101 facing the second substrate 102, and the second electrode d2 is arranged on the side of the second substrate 102 facing the first substrate 101, the first transmission structure is connected to the first electrode d1 or the second electrode d2, and the second transmission structure is connected to the first electrode d1 or the second electrode d2, the orthographic projections of the first electrode d1 and the second electrode d2 on the first substrate 101 at least partially overlap, and on a plane parallel to the first substrate 101, the orthographic projections of the first transmission structure W21 and the second transmission structure W22 on the first substrate 101 are located on both sides of the orthographic projections of the first electrode d1 and the second electrode d2 on the first substrate 101.

[0122] In an exemplary embodiment, the first transmission structure W21 and the second transmission structure W22 can be of any of the following types: a dipole, a transmission line, or a power splitter / combiner. Within the same antenna unit, the first transmission structure W21 and the second transmission structure W22 can be of the same or different types. For example, the first transmission structure W21 can be a dipole, and the second transmission structure W22 can be any of the following types: a transmission line, a dipole, or a power splitter / combiner.

[0123] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 15 a to FIG. 17 b , the first electrode d1 and the second electrode d2 may both be independent electrodes, the first transfer structure W21 may be connected to the first electrode d1 , and the second transfer structure W22 may be connected to the second electrode d2 .

[0124] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 12 and 18a-19, one of the first electrode d1 and the second electrode d2 is an independent electrode, and the other is an auxiliary electrode. The auxiliary electrode includes multiple sub-electrodes d0 arranged along a spacing. The first transmission structure W21 and the second transmission structure W22 are both connected to the independent electrode of the first electrode d1 and the second electrode d2. For example, if the first electrode d1 is an auxiliary electrode, the second electrode d2 is an independent electrode; if the first electrode d1 is an independent electrode, the second electrode d2 is an auxiliary electrode. Figures 12 and 18a-18b respectively illustrate the structures of the three independent electrodes, and Figure 19 illustrates the structure of the auxiliary electrode. In an exemplary embodiment, the arrangement direction of the multiple sub-electrodes in the auxiliary electrode can be consistent with the arrangement direction of the first transmission structure W21, the phase shifter W1, and the second transmission structure W21. For example, as shown in Figure 19, the auxiliary electrode can include multiple sub-electrodes d0 arranged along a first direction X.

[0125] In an exemplary embodiment, the type of the transmission structure W2 shown in Figures 12 and 17a to 17b is a transmission line, the type of the transmission structure W2 shown in Figures 16a to 16b and 18b is a dipole, and the type of the transmission structure W2 shown in Figures 15a to 15b and 18a is a power splitter / combiner.

[0126] In an exemplary embodiment, the phase-shifting structure 1001 in FIG. 1 may include at least one transmission structure W2 and one phase shifter W1. The orthographic projections of the transmission structure W2 and the radiation structure 121 on the first substrate 101 are located within the range of the orthographic projection of the first periodic structure 111 on the first substrate 101. The orthographic projections of the transmission structure W2 and the radiation structure 121 on the first substrate 101 at least partially overlap. The phase-shifting structure 1001 in FIG. 1 may be as shown in FIG. 17 a.

[0127] In exemplary embodiments, as shown in Figures 15a to 19, antenna unit 100 may further include a drive trace d3. The first electrode d1 and the second electrode d2 are electrically connected to an external drive circuit via the drive trace d3. The first and second electrodes d1 and d2 receive voltage from the external drive circuit via the drive trace d3, thereby controlling the deflection of the liquid crystal in the corresponding region. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 19, in a structure where the first electrode d1 or the second electrode d2 is an auxiliary electrode formed by multiple sub-electrodes d0, the multiple sub-electrodes d0 in the same antenna unit 100 are interconnected via the drive trace d3 to receive voltage from the external drive circuit. In an exemplary embodiment, the drive trace d3 connected to the first electrode d1 can be provided on the same layer as the first electrode d1, and the drive trace d3 connected to the second electrode d2 can be provided on the same layer as the second electrode d2.

[0128] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG20 a and FIG20 b , in a structure where the type of the transmission structure W2 is a transmission line or a power splitter / combiner, the antenna unit 100 may further include a first probe T1 and / or a second probe T2, wherein the first probe T1 and the second probe T2 extend in a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate 101 is located;

[0129] In a structure where both the first electrode d1 and the second electrode d2 are independent electrodes, as shown in FIG20 , the first transmission structure W21 is electrically connected to the receiving structure 112 via the first probe T1, and / or the second transmission structure is electrically connected to the radiating structure 121 via the second probe T2; for example, the first transmission structure W21 is electrically connected to the receiving structure 112 via the first probe T1, and the second transmission structure is electrically connected to the radiating structure 121 via the second probe T2; or, the first transmission structure W21 is electrically connected to the receiving structure 112 via a coupling manner, and the second transmission structure is electrically connected to the radiating structure 121 via the second probe T2; or, the first transmission structure W21 is electrically connected to the receiving structure 112 via the first probe T1, and the second transmission structure is electrically connected to the radiating structure 121 via a coupling manner;

[0130] In a structure where the first electrode d1 is an independent electrode and the second electrode d2 is an auxiliary electrode, the first transmission structure W21 and the receiving structure 112 can be electrically connected through the first probe T1; the second transmission structure W22 and the radiation structure 121 can be electrically connected through coupling.

[0131] In the structure where the first electrode d1 is an auxiliary electrode and the second electrode d2 is an independent electrode, the second transmission structure W22 and the radiation structure 121 can be electrically connected through the second probe T2, and the first transmission structure W21 and the receiving structure 112 can be electrically connected through coupling.

[0132] In an exemplary embodiment, in the structure shown in FIG20b, a first probe avoidance hole K1 can be provided on the first reference ground structure 131, and a second probe avoidance hole K2 can be provided on the second reference ground structure 141. The first probe T1 and the second probe T2 can pass through the first reference ground structure 131 and the second reference ground structure 141 respectively through the first probe avoidance hole K1 and the second probe avoidance hole K2. The first probe avoidance hole K1 and the second probe avoidance hole K2 can prevent the first probe T1 and the second probe T2 from short-circuiting with the reference ground structures when passing through the corresponding reference ground structures. As shown in FIG20c and FIG20d, FIG20c is a plan view of the first periodic structure 111 and the first reference ground structure 131 provided on the first substrate 101 in FIG20b, and FIG20d is a plan view of the second periodic structure 122 and the second reference ground structure 141 provided on the second substrate 102 in FIG20b.

[0133] In an exemplary embodiment, the positions of the first probe avoidance hole K1 and the second probe avoidance hole K2 in the first reference ground structure 131 and the second reference ground structure 141, respectively, can be determined by the positions of the ends of the two transmission structures W2 away from the phase shifter W1 (i.e., the end positions of the transmission structures W2). For example, the orthographic projections of the end positions of the two transmission structures W2 on the first reference ground structure 131 and the second reference ground structure 141 at least partially overlap with the first probe avoidance hole K1 and the second probe avoidance hole K2, respectively. Alternatively, the orthographic projections of the end positions of the two transmission structures W2 on the first substrate 101 at least partially overlap with the first probe T1 and the second probe T2, respectively, so that the end positions of the two transmission structures W2 can be electrically connected to the first probe T1 and the second probe T2, respectively.

[0134] In the exemplary embodiment, in the structure shown in FIG20a, since the first probe T1 and the second probe T2 pass through the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102, respectively, and do not pass through the conductive layer, there is no need to provide a probe avoidance hole. In the exemplary embodiment, in the structure shown in FIG1, the radiating structure 121 and the phase shifting structure 1001 can be connected via probes or directly coupled.

[0135] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG21 , a third reference ground structure 132 and a fifth substrate 105 are further provided between the first periodic structure 111 and the first substrate 101. In a direction perpendicular to the plane of the first substrate 101, the fifth substrate 105 can be located between the third reference ground structure 132 and the first periodic structure 111, and the third reference ground structure 132 can be located between the fifth substrate 105 and the first substrate 101. The multiple first conductive structures 1111 in the first periodic structure 111 can be electrically connected to the third reference ground structure 132 through the probe T0.

[0136] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG21 , a fourth reference ground structure 142 and a sixth substrate 106 are further provided between the second periodic structure 122 and the second substrate 102. In a direction Z perpendicular to the plane of the first substrate 101, the sixth substrate 106 is located between the fourth reference ground structure 142 and the second periodic structure 122. The fourth reference ground structure 142 can be located between the second substrate 102 and the sixth substrate 106. The plurality of second conductive structures 1221 in the second periodic structure 122 are electrically connected to the fourth reference ground structure 142 through a probe T0.

[0137] In the structure shown in Figure 21, the multiple first conductive structures 1111 in the first periodic structure 111 can be electrically connected to the third reference ground structure 132 through the probe T0, and the multiple second conductive structures 1221 in the second periodic structure 122 can be electrically connected to the fourth reference ground structure 142 through the probe T0, which can enable better coupling of the antenna.

[0138] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 21, in the direction Z perpendicular to the plane of the first substrate 101, the sum of the sizes of the first periodic structure 111, the third reference ground structure 132, and the fifth substrate 105 is consistent with the size of the receiving structure 112, and the sum of the sizes of the second periodic structure 122, the fourth reference ground structure 142, and the sixth substrate 106 is consistent with the size of the radiation structure 121.

[0139] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projections of the first periodic structure 111 , the third reference ground structure 132 , and the fifth substrate on the first substrate 101 overlap, and the orthographic projections of the second periodic structure 122 , the fourth reference ground structure 142 , and the sixth substrate 106 on the first substrate 101 overlap.

[0140] In an exemplary embodiment, the first periodic structure 111 has a shape selected from the group consisting of a square, a triangle, and a polygon with four or more sides; the second periodic structure 122 has a shape selected from the group consisting of a square, a triangle, and a polygon with four or more sides. The shapes of the first periodic structure 111 and the second periodic structure 122 may be the same or different. For example, the first periodic structure 111 formed by a periodic arrangement of multiple first conductive structures 1111 may have a shape selected from the group consisting of a square, a triangle, and a polygon with four or more sides; the second periodic structure 122 formed by a periodic arrangement of multiple second conductive structures 1221 may have a shape selected from the group consisting of a square, a triangle, and a polygon with four or more sides. As shown in Figures 2, 5, 6, 8, and 9, the first periodic structure 111 and the second periodic structure 122 have square shapes.

[0141] In an exemplary embodiment, the first periodic structure 1111 and the second periodic structure 1221 are formed by multiple conductive structures to form a high-resistance surface structure with zero reflection phase. For example, the high-resistance surface structure includes but is not limited to artificial magnetic conductors (AMCs), electromagnetic band gaps (EBGs), metamaterials (MMs), and other structures. In the disclosed embodiments, the first periodic structure 1111 and the second periodic structure 1221 can have the isolation and reflection functions of a complete metal base plate. In an exemplary embodiment, the high-resistance surface structure can be understood as an artificial periodic structure with zero reflection phase characteristics.

[0142] In an exemplary embodiment, the receiving structure 112 and the radiating structure 121 may be a patch structure, a metasurface structure, or a feed line structure, and the shapes of the receiving structure 112 and the radiating structure 121 may be rectangular, square, or other shapes.

[0143] In an exemplary embodiment, the first conductive structure 1111 and the second conductive structure 1221 are regular or irregular shapes. The regular shape includes one of a square, a rectangle, a triangle, a polygon with four or more sides, a circle, a ring, and a spiral. The shape of the first conductive structure 1111 and the shape of the second conductive structure 1221 can be the same or different. Figures 22a and 22b illustrate an exemplary structure in which the first conductive structure 1111 and the second conductive structure 1221 are polygons with four or more sides. Figure 22c illustrates an exemplary structure in which the first conductive structure 1111 and the second conductive structure 1221 are spirals. Figures 2, 5, 6, 8, and 9 illustrate an exemplary structure in which the first conductive structure 1111 and the second conductive structure 1221 are squares.

[0144] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the first periodic structure 111 may be related to the shape of the first conductive structure 1111. The shape of the first conductive structure 1111 can be formed into the shape of the first periodic structure 111 by periodic arrangement. For example, if the shape of the first periodic structure 111 is triangular, then the shape of the first conductive structure 1111 can be triangular, so that multiple first conductive structures 1111 are periodically arranged to form a triangular first periodic structure 111. The shape of the second periodic structure 122 may be related to the shape of the second conductive structure 1221. The shape of the second conductive structure 1221 can be formed into the shape of the second periodic structure 122 by periodic arrangement. For example, if the shape of the second periodic structure 122 is triangular, then the shape of the second conductive structure 1221 can be triangular, so that multiple second conductive structures 1221 are periodically arranged to form a triangular second periodic structure 122.

[0145] In an exemplary embodiment, the first conductive structure 1111 and / or the second conductive structure 1221 are further provided with a gap. As shown in Figures 23a to 23c, the gap L3 on the first conductive structure 1111 and the second conductive structure 1221 can be H-shaped, strip-shaped, or other shapes. In an exemplary embodiment, by providing a gap in the first conductive structure 1111 or the second conductive structure 1221, the path of electromagnetic waves in the antenna can be increased, and the operating frequency of the antenna can be reduced. For example, if the size of the antenna and the sizes of the first conductive structure 1111 and the second conductive structure 1221 remain unchanged, the operating frequency of the antenna can be reduced by providing a gap. On the other hand, if the operating frequency of the antenna remains unchanged, the size of the antenna can be reduced by providing a gap in the first conductive structure 1111 or the second conductive structure 1221 to achieve miniaturization of the antenna.

[0146] In an exemplary embodiment, the area or size of the first conductive structure 1111 and the second conductive structure 1221 may affect the operating frequency of the antenna. Generally, the smaller the area or size of the first conductive structure 1111 and the second conductive structure 1221, the higher the operating frequency of the antenna.

[0147] In an exemplary embodiment, the first to fourth conductive layers 11 to 14 , the third reference ground structure 132 , and the fourth reference ground structure 142 may be made of copper, aluminum, or other metal materials, as well as non-metal materials with electrical conductivity.

[0148] In an exemplary embodiment, a plurality of antenna units 100 in an antenna may share first to fourth substrates 101 to 104 .

[0149] In an exemplary embodiment, the first to sixth substrates 101 to 106 may be made of glass, PCB, ceramic, etc., but are not limited to the above materials.

[0150] In an exemplary embodiment, in the structure shown in Figure 7, the second conductive layer 12 and the fourth conductive layer 14 can be processed on both sides of the fourth substrate 104 using but not limited to PCB, LCD and other processes, and the first conductive layer 11 and the third conductive layer 13 can be processed on both sides of the third substrate 103 using but not limited to PCB, LCD and other processes.

[0151] In an exemplary embodiment, Figures 24 and 25 show schematic diagrams of the structure of an antenna 10. The antenna 10 may include multiple antenna units 100. On a plane parallel to the first substrate 101, the multiple antenna units 100 are arranged in an array or along one direction. In Figures 24 and 25, 20 represents a feeding structure. Figure 24 shows a horn feeding structure, where multiple antenna units are fed through a single feeding structure 20. Figure 25 shows a waveguide near-field coupling feeding structure, where the multiple feeding structures 20 are multiple feeding ports of the waveguide. This means that a waveguide structure is divided into multiple paths, each path corresponding to a feeding structure 20, and each antenna unit corresponds to a feeding structure 20. The electromagnetic waves of the multiple feeding structures 20 can be the same (equal power splitting structure) or different (unequal power splitting structure).

[0152] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG26 , antenna 10 includes multiple antenna units 100. On a plane parallel to first substrate 101, multiple antenna units 100 are arranged in an array or along one direction. Multiple antenna units 100 share a common first periodic structure 111. The orthographic projections of the multiple radiating structures 121 and multiple phase-shifting structures 1001 within the multiple antenna units 100 on first substrate 101 are within the range of the orthographic projection of the first periodic structure 111 on first substrate 101. The antenna shown in FIG26 can be a reflective antenna.

[0153] In an exemplary embodiment, the feeding method of the antenna 10 may be, but is not limited to, the feeding methods shown in FIG. 24 to FIG. 26 . For example, a transmission line feeding method or the like may be used.

[0154] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device. As shown in FIG27 , the electronic device 200 includes the antenna 10 described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0155] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the electronic device 200 may be any product or component having an antenna according to any of the above embodiments, such as a display device, a wearable device, a radar, a satellite, or the like.

[0156] The antenna and electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure include at least one antenna unit. A first periodic structure is provided on the first conductive layer on the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate in the antenna unit. The first periodic structure includes multiple first conductive structures arranged at periodic intervals. It is not a closed conductive structure, which can reduce cavity resonance, improve the cavity environment of the antenna, and is conducive to suppressing resonance and widening bandwidth.

[0157] The drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure only involve the structures involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and other structures may refer to general designs.

[0158] In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure, i.e., features in the embodiments, can be combined with each other to form new embodiments.

[0159] Although the embodiments disclosed in the present disclosure are as described above, the contents described are only embodiments adopted to facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present disclosure. Any person skilled in the art in the field to which the embodiments of the present disclosure belong may make any modifications and changes in the form and details of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure, but the scope of patent protection of the embodiments of the present disclosure shall still be based on the scope defined by the attached claims.

Claims

1. An antenna, comprising at least one antenna unit, the antenna unit comprising at least a dielectric substrate, a phase shifting structure and a conductive layer, the dielectric substrate comprising at least a first substrate and a second substrate arranged opposite to each other, the conductive layer comprising at least a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer, the phase shifting structure being arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, the first conductive layer being arranged on a side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, and the second conductive layer being arranged on a side of the second substrate away from the first substrate; The first conductive layer is provided with a first periodic structure, wherein the first periodic structure comprises a plurality of first conductive structures arranged at periodic intervals; The second conductive layer is provided with a radiation structure. In the same antenna unit, the radiation structure, the phase shifting structure and the first periodic structure have at least partially overlapped orthographic projections on the first substrate. The first periodic structure has a "zero reflection phase" characteristic.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The first conductive layer is further provided with a receiving structure, and the second conductive layer is further provided with a second periodic structure, wherein the second periodic structure includes a plurality of second conductive structures arranged at periodic intervals; In the same antenna unit, the receiving structure is spaced apart from the first periodic structure, the radiating structure is spaced apart from the second periodic structure, the orthographic projection of the radiating structure on the first substrate is within the range of the orthographic projection of the first periodic structure on the first substrate, and the orthographic projection of the receiving structure on the first substrate is within the range of the orthographic projection of the second periodic structure on the first substrate.

3. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The dielectric substrate further includes a third substrate and a fourth substrate, the conductive layer further includes a third conductive layer and a fourth conductive layer, in a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate is located, the third substrate is arranged on a side of the first conductive layer away from the first substrate, the third conductive layer is arranged on a side of the third substrate away from the first conductive layer, the fourth substrate and the fourth conductive layer are arranged between the second substrate and the second conductive layer, the fourth conductive layer is arranged between the second substrate and the fourth substrate, and the fourth substrate is arranged between the second conductive layer and the fourth conductive layer; The first conductive layer is further provided with a first reference ground structure, the third conductive layer is provided with a receiving structure, the fourth conductive layer is provided with a second periodic structure and a second reference ground structure, the second periodic structure includes a plurality of second conductive structures arranged at periodic intervals; In the same antenna unit, the orthographic projection of the radiating structure on the first substrate is within the range of the orthographic projections of the first periodic structure and the second reference ground structure on the first substrate, and the orthographic projection of the receiving structure on the first substrate is within the range of the orthographic projections of the second periodic structure and the first reference ground structure on the first substrate.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, wherein: The first reference ground structure is provided with a first gap, the second reference ground structure is provided with a second gap, and the orthographic projections of two ends of the phase-shifting structure on the first substrate partially overlap with the first gap and the second gap, respectively.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, wherein: The phase shifting structure includes at least one phase shifter and two transmission structures. On a plane parallel to the first substrate, the two transmission structures are respectively arranged at two ends of the phase shifter, and the orthographic projections of the ends of the two transmission structures away from one end of the phase shifter on the first substrate at least partially overlap with the orthographic projections of the centers of the first gap and the second gap on the first substrate.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, wherein: On a plane parallel to the first substrate, an extension direction of the first slit and the second slit intersects with an arrangement direction of the two transmission structures and the one phase shifter in the phase shifting structure.

7. The antenna according to claim 3, wherein: A first gap is provided between the first reference ground structure and the first periodic structure, and a second gap is provided between the second reference ground structure and the second periodic structure. On a plane parallel to the first substrate, an extension direction of the first gap is consistent with an extension direction of the second gap, and an orthographic projection of the first gap on the first substrate at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the second gap on the first substrate.

8. The antenna according to any one of claims 3 to 4 and 7, wherein: The phase shifting structure includes at least one phase shifter and two transmission structures, and the two transmission structures are respectively arranged at two ends of the phase shifter, wherein the orthographic projection of one transmission structure on the first substrate is located within the range of the orthographic projections of the first periodic structure and the second reference ground structure on the first substrate, and the orthographic projection of the other transmission structure on the first substrate is located within the range of the orthographic projections of the second periodic structure and the first reference ground structure on the first substrate.

9. The antenna according to claim 8, wherein: Of the two transmission structures, when one transmission structure corresponds to the first periodic structure or the first reference ground structure, the other transmission structure corresponds to the second reference ground structure or the second periodic structure; The same transmission structure does not correspond to the first periodic structure and the second periodic structure at the same time, and does not correspond to the first reference ground structure and the second reference ground structure at the same time.

10. The antenna according to claim 8, wherein: The orthographic projections of the two transmission structures on the first substrate are respectively located within the range of the orthographic projections of the radiation structure and the receiving structure on the first substrate.

11. The antenna according to claim 8, wherein: The two transmission structures include a first transmission structure and a second transmission structure, the phase shifter includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal layer is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, the first electrode is arranged on the side of the first substrate facing the second substrate, and the second electrode is arranged on the side of the second substrate facing the first substrate, the first transmission structure is connected to the first electrode or the second electrode, the second transmission structure is connected to the first electrode or the second electrode, the orthographic projections of the first electrode and the second electrode on the first substrate at least partially overlap, and on a plane parallel to the first substrate, the orthographic projections of the first transmission structure and the second transmission structure on the first substrate are located on both sides of the orthographic projections of the first electrode and the second electrode on the first substrate.

12. The antenna according to claim 11, wherein: The types of the first transmission structure and the second transmission structure are one of a dipole, a transmission line, and a power splitter / combiner. In the same antenna unit, the types of the first transmission structure and the second transmission structure are the same or different.

13. The antenna according to claim 12, wherein: The first electrode and the second electrode are both independent electrodes, the first transmission structure is connected to the first electrode, and the second transmission structure is connected to the second electrode; Alternatively, one of the first electrode and the second electrode is an independent electrode and the other is an auxiliary electrode, and the auxiliary electrode includes a plurality of sub-electrodes arranged along an interval; and the first transmission structure and the second transmission structure are both connected to the independent electrode of the first electrode and the second electrode.

14. The antenna according to claim 13, wherein: In a structure where the type of the transmission structure is a transmission line or a power splitter / combiner, the antenna unit further includes a first probe and / or a second probe, and the first probe and the second probe extend in a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate is located; In a structure in which both the first electrode and the second electrode are independent electrodes, the first transmission structure is electrically connected to the receiving structure through the first probe, and / or the second transmission structure is electrically connected to the radiation structure through the second probe; In a structure in which the first electrode is an independent electrode and the second electrode is an auxiliary electrode, the first transmission structure is electrically connected to the receiving structure through the first probe; In a structure in which the first electrode is an auxiliary electrode and the second electrode is an independent electrode, the second transmission structure is electrically connected to the radiation structure through the second probe.

15. The antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein: There are multiple antenna units, and on a plane parallel to the first substrate, the multiple antenna units are arranged in an array or along one direction.

16. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The phase-shifting structure includes at least a transmission structure and a phase shifter. The orthographic projections of the transmission structure and the radiation structure on the first substrate are located within the range of the orthographic projection of the first periodic structure on the first substrate. The orthographic projections of the transmission structure and the radiation structure on the first substrate at least partially overlap.

17. The antenna according to claim 1 or 16, wherein: The number of the antenna units is multiple. On a plane parallel to the first substrate, the multiple antenna units are arranged in an array or along one of the directions. The multiple antenna units share a first periodic structure. The orthographic projections of the multiple radiation structures and the multiple phase-shifting structures in the multiple antenna units on the first substrate are within the range of the orthographic projection of the first periodic structure on the first substrate.

18. The antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein: A third reference ground structure and a fifth substrate are also provided between the first periodic structure and the first substrate. In a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate is located, the fifth substrate is located between the third reference ground structure and the first periodic structure, and the third reference ground structure is located between the fifth substrate and the first substrate. A plurality of first conductive structures in the first periodic structure are electrically connected to the third reference ground structure through probes.

19. The antenna according to claim 18, wherein: A fourth reference ground structure and a sixth substrate are also provided between the second period structure and the second substrate. In a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate is located, the sixth substrate is located between the fourth reference ground structure and the second period structure, and the fourth reference ground structure is located between the second substrate and the sixth substrate. A plurality of second conductive structures in the second period structure are electrically connected to the fourth reference ground structure through probes.

20. The antenna according to claim 19, wherein: In a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate is located, the sum of the sizes of the first periodic structure, the third reference ground structure, and the fifth substrate is consistent with the size of the receiving structure, and the sum of the sizes of the second periodic structure, the fourth reference ground structure, and the sixth substrate is consistent with the size of the radiating structure.

21. The antenna according to claim 19, wherein: The orthographic projections of the first periodic structure, the third reference ground structure, and the fifth substrate on the first substrate overlap, and the orthographic projections of the second periodic structure, the fourth reference ground structure, and the sixth substrate on the first substrate overlap.

22. The antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein: The shape of the first periodic structure is a square, a triangle, or a polygon with more than four sides; the shape of the second periodic structure is a square, a triangle, or a polygon with more than four sides, and the shape of the first periodic structure is the same as or different from the shape of the second periodic structure.

23. The antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein: The shapes of the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are regular or irregular, and the regular shape includes one of a square, a rectangle, a triangle, a polygon with more than four sides, a circle, a ring, and a spiral. The shape of the first conductive structure is the same as or different from the shape of the second conductive structure.

24. The antenna according to claim 23, wherein: The first conductive structure and / or the second conductive structure is further provided with a gap.

25. The antenna according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: The phase shifting structure comprises at least one phase shifter and two transmission structures, wherein the two transmission structures are respectively arranged at two ends of the phase shifter, and when one of the two transmission structures corresponds to the first periodic structure or the receiving structure, the other transmission structure corresponds to the second periodic structure or the radiating structure; The same transmission structure does not correspond to the first periodic structure and the second periodic structure at the same time, and does not correspond to the receiving structure and the radiation structure at the same time.

26. The antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein: The second periodic structure has a "zero reflection phase" characteristic.

27. An electronic device comprising at least one antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 26.

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