Suspended air suction type vegetable precision hole direct seeding machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a suspension type air suction type vegetable precision hole direct seeding machine which comprises a traction machine frame, a pressing mechanism, a ditching mechanism, a seeding mechanism and a soil covering mechanism, the pressing mechanism comprises a pressing wheel and a rotating speed sensor, and the rotating speed sensor is electrically connected with a controller of the direct seeding machine; the seeding mechanism comprises an air suction type seed metering device and a seeding driving mechanism, and the seeding driving mechanism comprises a seeding driving motor and a seeding transmission assembly; the rotating speed of the press wheel is detected in real time through the rotating speed sensor, rotating speed data is transmitted to the controller of the direct seeding machine, the controller of the direct seeding machine calculates the target rotating speed needed by the seeding driving motor according to the hole distance of current operation and the current real-time rotating speed, and a control instruction is generated. Adjusting the real-time rotating speed of the seeding driving motor to be equal to the target rotating speed. The precision hole direct seeding machine not only can finish the seeding work of compacting, ditching, seeding and earthing at one time, but also can adjust the hole spacing in a stepless manner to realize different agricultural operations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to seeding equipment, and particularly to a suspended air-suction type vegetable precise hill-drop direct seeder. Background Art

[0002] China is a large vegetable-producing country. There are many deficiencies in traditional manual vegetable planting, which requires a large amount of labor input and has a high cost. The mechanization of vegetable planting is an effective measure to improve planting efficiency. At present, most large agricultural planting bases use large seeding machinery during seeding. However, for most small and medium-sized farmers, large machinery is relatively expensive and has poor passability in small plots, and is not suitable for hilly small plots.

[0003] There are many types of vegetables, and the cultivation standards for each type of vegetable are different, and the hill-drop spacing may vary. Many vegetable seeding machines can only adjust a fixed hill-drop spacing and cannot meet the agronomic requirements of various vegetables. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned existing problems and provide a suspended air-suction type vegetable precise hill-drop direct seeder. This precise hill-drop direct seeder can not only complete the seeding work of rolling, ditching, seeding, and covering soil at one time, with good operation effect and high efficiency, but also can steplessly adjust the hill-drop spacing to achieve different agronomic operations. Moreover, the overall size is small, the structure is simple and light, and it is suitable for vegetable seeding operations in hilly small plots.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A suspended air-suction type vegetable precise hill-drop direct seeder, comprising a traction frame and a rolling mechanism, a ditching mechanism, a seeding mechanism, and a soil covering mechanism arranged on the traction frame;

[0007] The rolling mechanism includes a rolling wheel and a rotational speed sensor for detecting the rotational speed of the rolling wheel. The rotational speed sensor is electrically connected to the controller of the direct seeder;

[0008] The seeding mechanism includes an air-suction type seed metering device and a seeding driving mechanism for driving the rotating shaft of the air-suction type seed metering device to rotate. The seeding driving mechanism includes a seeding driving motor and a seeding transmission assembly; the seeding driving motor is electrically connected to the controller of the direct seeder;

[0009] The rotational speed of the rolling wheel is detected in real time by the rotational speed sensor, and the rotational speed data is transmitted to the controller of the direct seeder. The controller of the direct seeder calculates the target rotational speed required by the seeding driving motor according to the current hill-drop spacing of the operation and the current real-time rotational speed, and generates a control instruction to adjust the real-time rotational speed of the seeding driving motor to be equal to the target rotational speed.

[0010] A preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the ditching mechanism, the air-suction type seed metering device, and the soil covering mechanism are all arranged on a floating mounting plate, and the floating mounting plate is arranged on the traction frame through a four-bar linkage profiling structure. Profiling is achieved through the four-bar linkage profiling structure, and its floating function ensures that the air-suction type seed metering device is always parallel to the ridge surface, and also ensures that the ditching tool can normally contact the ridge surface and ditch normally when the ridge surface is not flat enough, thereby ensuring that the seeds fall into the ditch.

[0011] A preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the ditching mechanism includes a circular knife ditching tool, and the circular knife ditching tool is arranged below the floating mounting plate.

[0012] A preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein multiple groups of the ditching mechanism, the sowing mechanism, and the soil covering mechanism are provided, and they are all arranged along the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction.

[0013] Furthermore, multiple groups of sowing mechanisms share a sowing drive motor;

[0014] The sowing transmission assembly includes a transmission shaft and a chain assembly. The transmission shaft is rotatably connected to the traction frame; multiple groups of the chain assembly are provided and each includes a first chain assembly and a second chain assembly. The first chain assembly is connected between the sowing drive motor and the transmission shaft, and the second chain assembly is connected between the transmission shaft and the rotating shaft of the air-suction type seed metering device. Through the above structure, sharing a sowing drive motor can simultaneously drive multiple air-suction type seed metering devices to perform seed metering, simplify the structure, and reduce costs.

[0015] A preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the sowing mechanism further includes a positive pressure mechanism and a negative pressure mechanism. The positive pressure mechanism includes a positive pressure fan, a positive pressure diverter, and a positive pressure pipeline. The positive pressure pipeline includes a positive pressure main pipeline and positive pressure branch pipelines. The positive pressure main pipeline is connected between the positive pressure fan and the positive pressure diverter, and the positive pressure branch pipelines are connected between the positive pressure interfaces of the air-suction type seed metering devices and the positive pressure diverter;

[0016] The negative pressure mechanism includes a negative pressure fan, a negative pressure diverter, and a plurality of negative pressure pipelines. The negative pressure pipeline includes a negative pressure main pipeline and negative pressure branch pipelines. The negative pressure main pipeline is connected between the negative pressure fan and the negative pressure diverter, and the negative pressure branch pipelines are connected between the negative pressure interfaces of the air-suction type seed metering devices and the negative pressure diverter. Through the above structure, positive pressure and negative pressure forces can be provided for multiple air-suction type seed metering devices simultaneously, thereby automatically completing the seed metering work.

[0017] A preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the soil covering mechanism includes a soil covering wheel and a soil covering frame. The soil covering wheel is rotatably connected to the soil covering frame, and the soil covering frame is connected to the floating mounting plate through a bolt connection structure. Multiple connection holes are provided on both the soil covering frame and the floating mounting plate. The angle of the soil covering wheel is adjusted through the cooperation of different threaded holes, thereby realizing the adjustment of the sowing depth.

[0018] A preferred embodiment of the present invention further includes a power generation mechanism, which includes a speed increaser and a generator. The speed increaser is connected to the power mechanism of the tractor, and the generator is connected to the speed increaser through a belt assembly. During operation, the power mechanism of the tractor drives the speed increaser to operate, and then the generator generates electricity through the belt assembly to charge the small battery and provide electrical energy for the fan and motor.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0020] The precision hill direct seeder of the present invention can not only complete the seeding operations of pressing, ditching, sowing, and covering soil at one time, with good operation effect and high efficiency, but also can steplessly adjust the hole spacing to achieve different agronomic operations. Moreover, the overall size is small, the structure is simple and light, and it is suitable for vegetable seeding operations in hilly small plots. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0021] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the suspended air-suction type vegetable precision hill direct seeder of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a side view of the suspended air-suction type vegetable precision hill direct seeder of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0023] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0024] Combined with Figure 1 - Figure 2 , the suspended air-suction type vegetable precision hill direct seeder of this embodiment includes a traction frame 1 and a power generation mechanism, a pressing mechanism, a ditching mechanism, a sowing mechanism, and a soil covering mechanism provided on the traction frame 1; wherein, for the power generation mechanism, the power generation mechanism includes a speed increaser 2 and a generator 3. The speed increaser 2 is connected to the power mechanism of the tractor, and the generator 3 is connected to the speed increaser 2 through a belt assembly. During operation, the power mechanism of the tractor drives the speed increaser 2 to operate, and then the generator 3 generates electricity through the belt assembly to charge the small battery and provide electrical energy for the fan and motor.

[0025] Combined with Figure 1 - Figure 2, the pressing mechanism includes a pressing wheel 4 and a rotational speed sensor 5 for detecting the rotational speed of the pressing wheel 4. The rotational speed sensor 5 is electrically connected to the controller of the direct seeder; the seeding mechanism includes a pneumatic suction type seed metering device 6 and a seeding driving mechanism for driving the rotation of the rotating shaft of the pneumatic suction type seed metering device 6. The seeding driving mechanism includes a seeding driving motor 7 and a seeding transmission assembly; the seeding driving motor 7 is electrically connected to the controller of the direct seeder; the rotational speed of the pressing wheel 4 is detected in real time by the rotational speed sensor 5, and the rotational speed data is transmitted to the controller of the direct seeder. The controller of the direct seeder calculates the target rotational speed required for the seeding driving motor 7 based on the current hole spacing of the operation and the current real-time rotational speed, and generates a control command to adjust the real-time rotational speed of the seeding driving motor 7 to be equal to the target rotational speed.

[0026] Combined with Figure 1 - Figure 2 , the ditching mechanism, the pneumatic suction type seed metering device 6 and the soil covering mechanism are all arranged on the floating mounting plate 8, and the floating mounting plate 8 is arranged on the towing frame 1 through a four-bar linkage profiling structure 9. Profiling is achieved through the four-bar linkage profiling structure 9, and its floating function ensures that the pneumatic suction type seed metering device 6 is always parallel to the ridge surface, and also ensures that the ditching opener can normally contact the ridge surface and ditch normally when the ridge surface is not flat enough, thereby ensuring that the seeds fall into the ditch.

[0027] Combined with Figure 1 - Figure 2 , the ditching mechanism includes a circular knife ditching opener 10, and the circular knife ditching opener 10 is arranged below the floating mounting plate 8.

[0028] Combined with Figure 1 - Figure 2 , the ditching mechanism, the seeding mechanism and the soil covering mechanism are all provided with multiple groups, and are all arranged along the direction perpendicular to the forward direction. Further, multiple groups of seeding mechanisms share a seeding driving motor 7; the seeding transmission assembly includes a transmission shaft and a chain assembly. The transmission shaft is rotatably connected to the towing frame 1; the chain assembly is provided with multiple groups and each group includes a first chain assembly 11 and a second chain assembly 12. The first chain assembly 11 is connected between the seeding driving motor 7 and the transmission shaft, and the second chain assembly 12 is connected between the transmission shaft and the rotating shaft of the pneumatic suction type seed metering device 6. Through the above structure, sharing a seeding driving motor 7 drives multiple pneumatic suction type seed metering devices 6 to perform seeding at the same time, simplifies the structure, and reduces the cost.

[0029] Combined with Figure 1 - Figure 2, the seeding mechanism further includes a positive pressure mechanism and a negative pressure mechanism. The positive pressure mechanism includes a positive pressure blower 13, a positive pressure diverter 14, and a positive pressure pipeline (not shown in the figure). The positive pressure pipeline includes a positive pressure main pipeline and positive pressure sub-pipelines. The positive pressure main pipeline is connected between the positive pressure blower 13 and the positive pressure diverter 14, and the positive pressure sub-pipelines are connected between the positive pressure interfaces 6-1 of the air-suction type seed metering device 6 and the positive pressure diverter 14. The negative pressure mechanism includes a negative pressure blower 15, a negative pressure diverter 16, and a negative pressure pipeline (not shown in the figure). The negative pressure pipeline includes a negative pressure main pipeline and negative pressure sub-pipelines. The negative pressure main pipeline is connected between the negative pressure blower 15 and the negative pressure diverter 16, and the negative pressure sub-pipelines are connected between the negative pressure interfaces 6-2 of the air-suction type seed metering device 6 and the negative pressure diverter 16. With the above structure, positive pressure and negative pressure forces can be provided to multiple air-suction type seed metering devices 6 simultaneously, thus automatically completing the seeding work.

[0030] Combined with Figure 1 - Figure 2 , the soil covering mechanism includes a soil covering wheel 17 and a soil covering frame 18. The soil covering wheel 17 is rotatably connected to the soil covering frame 18. The soil covering frame 18 is connected to the floating mounting plate 8 through a bolt connection structure. Multiple connection holes are provided on both the soil covering frame 18 and the floating mounting plate 8. The angle of the soil covering wheel 17 is adjusted through the cooperation of different threaded holes, thereby realizing the adjustment of the seeding depth.

[0031] Combined with Figure 1 - Figure 2 , the working principle of the above-mentioned suspended air-suction type vegetable precision hill-drop direct seeder is as follows:

[0032] Connect the traction frame 1 to the tractor through pins and bolts, and connect the speed increaser 2 to the PTO shaft of the tractor. Input the required seeding hole spacing through the PLC control panel, and then lower the direct seeder until the press wheel 4 presses on the ridge surface, and then start the seeding operation.

[0033] During the operation, the PTO shaft of the tractor outputs sufficient rotational speed to the speed increaser 2, and the speed increaser 2 then drives the generator 3 to generate electricity through a pulley to supply power to the control circuit and small battery of the entire direct seeder, realizing long-term operation without the need for a large-weight battery.

[0034] The press wheel 4 at the front levels and loosens the ridge surface soil, and at the same time drives the speed sensor 5 to detect the forward speed of the press wheel 4, and feeds it back to the PLC controller, thereby controlling the rotational speed of the seeding drive motor 7, that is, controlling the seeding speed of the air-suction type seed metering device 6, realizing that the seeding speed is synchronized with the forward speed of the direct seeder, and stabilizing the hole spacing.

[0035] During the forward movement, profiling is achieved through a parallelogram linkage. Its floating function ensures that the seed metering device is always parallel to the ridge surface, and also ensures that the furrow opener can make normal contact with the ridge surface and open furrows even when the ridge surface is not flat enough, thereby ensuring that the seeds fall into the furrows. Then, the soil covering wheel 17 at the rear end of the seeding unit covers the seeds with soil to reach the required seeding depth.

[0036] During the operation of the direct seeder, the seed plates in the ten seed metering devices rotate. When passing through the negative pressure area, the seeds are adsorbed on the seed plates. When transported to the positive pressure area, the seeds are blown out of the seed plates, and under the action of gravity, the seeds fall into the furrow opener. Then, the soil covering wheel 17 at the back covers the seeds with soil to achieve seeding.

[0037] Specifically, the PLC controller detects the forward speed of the press wheel 4 through an encoder (speed sensor 5), and then controls the working speed of the seeding drive motor 7 through relevant calculations:

[0038] (1) Read and calculate the encoder pulse speed RPM 测 (r / min):

[0039]

[0040] Where: PPR: Encoder resolution; T: Sampling time, and the sampling time needs to be greater than the PLC scan cycle; Pulse: Number of pulses emitted by the encoder within the sampling time.

[0041] (2) Then calculate the forward speed of the implement, that is, the linear speed V (m / s) of the press wheel 4 rotation:

[0042]

[0043] Where: D: Diameter (m) of the press wheel 4.

[0044] (3) Calculate the proportionality coefficient K p :

[0045] K p = K1 / K2

[0046]

[0047] Where: K1: Reduction ratio of the motor matching reducer, such as 20; K2: Chain wheel transmission ratio, the transmission ratio of the chain wheel on the motor, the chain wheel on the transmission shaft, and the chain wheel on the seed plate; D1: Number of teeth of the chain wheel on the motor; D 21 : Number of teeth of the chain wheel on the seeding transmission shaft connected to the motor chain wheel; D 22 : Number of teeth of the chain wheel on the seeding transmission shaft connected to the seed plate chain wheel; D3: Number of teeth of the seed plate drive chain wheel.

[0048] (4) Calculate the required motor speed RPM 电(r / min):

[0049]

[0050] Wherein: S: required seeding row spacing (number / m), input on the PLC panel; n: number of seeds sown in one revolution of the seed metering disc (number / r); the number of pulses output by the PLC controls the servo motor:

[0051] Output pulses = RPM 电 ×K3

[0052] Wherein: K3: resolution of the servo motor, i.e., how many pulses per revolution.

[0053] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above content. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be equivalent replacement methods and are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A suspension air-suction type precise hole direct seeding machine for vegetables, characterized in that, It includes a traction frame and a pressing mechanism, a ditching mechanism, a seeding mechanism, and a soil covering mechanism arranged on the traction frame; The pressing mechanism includes a pressing wheel and a rotational speed sensor for detecting the rotational speed of the pressing wheel. The rotational speed sensor is electrically connected to the controller of the direct seeder; The seeding mechanism includes a suction-type seed metering device and a seeding drive mechanism for driving the rotation of the rotating shaft of the suction-type seed metering device. The seeding drive mechanism includes a seeding drive motor and a seeding transmission component; the seeding drive motor is electrically connected to the controller of the direct seeder; The rotational speed of the pressing wheel is detected in real time by the rotational speed sensor, and the rotational speed data is transmitted to the controller of the direct seeder. The controller of the direct seeder calculates the target rotational speed required by the seeding drive motor according to the current hole spacing of the operation and the current real-time rotational speed, and generates a control instruction to adjust the real-time rotational speed of the seeding drive motor to be equal to the target rotational speed.

2. The precision hill-drop direct seeding machine for vegetables with hanging air-suction type according to claim 1, characterized in that The ditching mechanism, the suction-type seed metering device, and the soil covering mechanism are all arranged on a floating mounting plate, and the floating mounting plate is arranged on the traction frame through a four-bar linkage profiling structure.

3. The hanging air-suction type precise hole direct seeding machine for vegetables according to claim 1, wherein, The ditching mechanism includes a circular knife ditching opener, and the circular knife ditching opener is arranged below the floating mounting plate.

4. The precision hill-drop direct seeding machine for vegetables with hanging air-suction type according to claim 1, wherein, The ditching mechanism, the seeding mechanism, and the soil covering mechanism are all provided with multiple groups, and are all arranged along the direction perpendicular to the forward direction.

5. The hanging air-suction type precise hole direct seeding machine for vegetables according to claim 4, wherein, Multiple groups of seeding mechanisms share one seeding drive motor; The seeding transmission component includes a transmission shaft and a chain assembly. The transmission shaft is rotatably connected to the traction frame; the chain assembly is provided with multiple groups and each group includes a first chain assembly and a second chain assembly. The first chain assembly is connected between the seeding drive motor and the transmission shaft, and the second chain assembly is connected between the transmission shaft and the rotating shaft of the suction-type seed metering device.

6. The precision hill-drop direct seeding machine for vegetables with hanging air-suction type according to claim 1, wherein The seeding mechanism further includes a positive pressure mechanism and a negative pressure mechanism. The positive pressure mechanism includes a positive pressure blower, a positive pressure diverter, and a positive pressure pipeline. The positive pressure pipeline includes a positive pressure main pipeline and positive pressure sub-pipelines. The positive pressure main pipeline is connected between the positive pressure blower and the positive pressure diverter, and the positive pressure sub-pipelines are connected between the positive pressure interfaces of the suction-type seed metering device and the positive pressure diverter; The negative pressure mechanism includes a negative pressure blower, a negative pressure diverter, and a plurality of negative pressure pipelines. The negative pressure pipelines include a negative pressure main pipeline and negative pressure sub-pipelines. The negative pressure main pipeline is connected between the negative pressure blower and the negative pressure diverter, and the negative pressure sub-pipelines are connected between the negative pressure interfaces of the suction-type seed metering device and the negative pressure diverter.

7. The precision hill-drop direct seeder for vegetables with hanging air-suction type according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil covering mechanism includes a soil covering wheel and a soil covering frame. The soil covering wheel is rotatably connected to the soil covering frame. The soil covering frame is connected to the floating mounting plate through a bolt connection structure, and both the soil covering frame and the floating mounting plate are provided with a plurality of connection holes.

8. The hanging air-suction type precise hole direct seeding machine for vegetables according to claim 1, wherein, It further includes a power generation mechanism, which includes a speed increaser and a generator. The speed increaser is connected to the power mechanism of the tractor, and the generator is connected to the speed increaser through a belt assembly.

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