Air-blowing type precision seeder for air-blowing type precision high-speed seeder

Abstract

The utility model discloses an air-blowing type precision seeder for an air-blowing type precision high-speed seeder, and belongs to the technical field of seeding machinery. Comprising a high-pressure side shell, a rotary seed disc, a low-pressure side shell, a high-pressure maintaining structure and a seed metering structure, the seed metering structure comprises a seed metering pipe and a seed suction hole blocking body; the rotary seed disc is rotationally connected with the high-pressure side shell, a seed inlet of the seed discharging pipe is formed below a seed releasing position, the low-pressure side shell is provided with a working pressure relief airflow discharging hole, and the high-pressure maintaining structure and the seed suction hole blocking body are connected with the low-pressure side shell; the high-pressure maintaining structure comprises a low-pressure side shell and a low-pressure side inner shell which are rotationally connected, a cavity formed between the low-pressure side inner shell and the low-pressure side shell is a leakage gap air pressure containing cavity, and the edge portion of the low-pressure side shell is connected with the edge portion of the high-pressure side shell in a sealed mode. And the edge part of the low-pressure side inner shell and the edge part of the rotary seed disc are pressed and attached together in a sealing manner. The device has the characteristics of high working reliability, long service life, low maintenance rate, energy conservation, consumption reduction and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of seeding machinery. Background Art

[0002] The air-blowing precision high-speed seeder uses compressed air to suck seeds into the seed-sucking holes of the rotating seed tray and transports them into the seeding tube for seeding. It has the advantages of high efficiency and high seeding accuracy. It can process a large number of seeds per hour, saving labor and time costs.

[0003] The product has the following structure: the rotating seed tray of the air-blowing precision seeder is rotatably connected to the high-pressure side housing. The gap between the high-pressure side housing and the rotating seed tray forms an annular air pressure leakage gap. The high-pressure maintaining structure is used to prevent gas leakage from the annular air pressure leakage gap, so that the high-pressure air entering from the air high-pressure chamber is discharged through the seed-sucking holes to form a working air flow. Thus, the seed-sucking holes on the air high-pressure chamber side generate an adsorption force on the seeds, and the seeds adsorbed by the seed-sucking holes are transported into the seeding tube through the rotation of the rotating seed tray for seeding operation.

[0004] The currently adopted high-pressure maintaining structure seals the annular air pressure leakage gap through a rubber sealing ring. The rubber sealing ring is fixed on the low-pressure side housing and tightly presses on the gap between the high-pressure side housing and the rotating seed tray. Its pressing degree should ensure that the leakage of high-pressure air can be blocked.

[0005] There are the following problems: Since the rotating seed tray is in a rotating state during operation, it forms a sliding friction with the rubber sealing ring tightly pressed on its surface, not only consuming energy due to the rotational resistance generated on the rotating seed tray, but also the sliding friction between the rotating seed tray and the rubber sealing ring will cause the friction surface to heat up and wear. Especially, due to the action of heat and friction, the service life of the rubber material of the rubber sealing ring will be severely shortened and become a vulnerable part. Since it is fixed inside the seeder housing and is not easily noticed, when it is found that the air flow discharged from the seed-sucking holes is so small due to air leakage of the rubber sealing ring that it cannot adsorb seeds and the seed leakage rate increases, certain economic losses have already occurred, and replacing it requires disassembling the seeder housing, which is time-consuming and laborious. Summary of the Utility Model

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide an air-blowing precision seeder for an air-blowing precision high-speed seeder, which has the characteristics of high working reliability, long service life, low maintenance rate, energy conservation and consumption reduction, etc.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is:

[0008] An air-blowing precision seeder for an air-blowing precision high-speed seeder, which comprises a high-pressure side housing, a rotating seed plate, a low-pressure side housing, a high-pressure maintaining structure and a seed discharging structure; the high-pressure side housing and the low-pressure side housing are connected together to form the air-blowing precision seeder housing;

[0009] The seed discharging structure comprises a seed discharging pipe and a seed suction hole blocking body;

[0010] The rotating seed plate is arranged in the high-pressure side housing and is rotationally connected with the high-pressure side housing. A circle or more of seed suction holes are arranged on the rotating seed plate in an annular arrangement centered on the rotation axis of the rotating seed plate. The size of the seed suction holes can adsorb one seed on them. There is a cavity between the high-pressure side housing and the rotating seed plate to form an air high-pressure chamber. The gap between the high-pressure side housing and the rotating seed plate forms an annular air pressure leakage gap. The high-pressure maintaining structure is used to prevent the annular air pressure leakage gap from discharging pressure. A seeder seed inlet for communicating with the seed outlet of the seeding box is arranged on the high-pressure side housing, so that the seeds in the seeding box enter the lower part of the air high-pressure chamber. The part of the lower part of the air high-pressure chamber that accommodates the seeds forms a seed supply area, and the part above the seed supply area in the air high-pressure chamber forms a seed conveying area. A rotational fit gap for preventing seeds from overflowing is arranged between the rotating seed plate and the high-pressure side housing. A high-pressure air inlet for communicating with a positive pressure generating device is arranged on the high-pressure side housing, so that high-pressure air enters the air high-pressure chamber. The high-pressure air in the air high-pressure chamber is discharged through the seed suction holes to form a working air flow, so that the seed suction holes on the air high-pressure chamber side generate an adsorption force on the seeds. When the rotating seed plate rotates, the seed suction holes adsorb seeds in the seed supply area, and the adsorbed seeds are conveyed from one side of the seed conveying area upward through an arc-shaped seed suction hole rotation track to the seed release position on the other side of the rotating seed plate. The seed inlet of the seed discharging pipe is arranged below the seed release position to receive the seeds released by the seed suction holes rotating to the seed release position and lead them out of the air-blowing precision seeder housing through the seed discharging pipe;

[0011] The low-pressure side housing is provided with a working pressure-relieving air flow discharge hole to discharge the air discharged from the seed suction holes. The high-pressure maintaining structure and the seed suction hole blocking body are connected with the low-pressure side housing;

[0012] The high-pressure holding structure includes a low-pressure side housing and a low-pressure side inner housing. The low-pressure side inner housing is rotatably connected to the low-pressure side housing. The rotation axis of the low-pressure side inner housing is on the same straight line as the rotation axis of the rotating seed plate. The cavity formed between the low-pressure side inner housing and the low-pressure side housing is the leakage gap air pressure accommodating cavity. The edge part of the low-pressure side housing is sealingly connected to the edge part of the high-pressure side housing. The edge part of the low-pressure side inner housing is sealingly pressed against the edge part of the rotating seed plate, so that the leakage gap air pressure accommodating cavity forms a sealed structure, thereby enabling the gas leaked from the annular air pressure leakage gap to be accommodated by the leakage gap air pressure accommodating cavity, avoiding the pressure relief of the annular air pressure leakage gap. Under the action of the frictional force formed by the sealing and pressing of the low-pressure side inner housing and the rotating seed plate together, the low-pressure side inner housing rotates with the rotating seed plate around the same rotation axis, so that they form an integral rotation, avoiding relative movement between them, and thus avoiding energy loss and mechanical wear caused by sliding friction;

[0013] The seed suction hole blocker is pressed against the seed release position of the rotation track of the seed suction hole, and is used to block the side where air flows out of the seed suction hole, so that the seed suction hole rotated to the position of the seed suction hole blocker loses the ability to adsorb seeds due to no air flow passing through, and thus the seeds fall into the seed inlet of the seed discharging pipe;

[0014] One circle of seed suction holes corresponds to a set of seed discharging structures to achieve sowing one row of seeds for one circle of seed suction holes;

[0015] The working pressure relief air flow discharge hole is arranged at the central part where the low-pressure side housing is rotatably connected to the low-pressure side inner housing, thus avoiding interfering with the sealing performance of the leakage gap air pressure accommodating cavity.

[0016] The further improvement of the present utility model lies in:

[0017] The rotating seed plate driving device is a seeder driving motor. The seeder driving motor is fixed inside the high-pressure side housing, and the rotating seed plate is fixed on the rotating shaft of the air-blowing type precision seeder driving motor.

[0018] The pneumatic precision seeder is provided with a seeder seed intake adjusting device for adjusting the seed intake at the seed inlet of the seeder according to the size of the seeds. The seeder seed intake adjusting device includes a seed intake adjusting plate, an adjusting plate positioning spring piece, and an adjusting plate outlet sealing structure. The high-pressure side housing is provided with an adjusting plate extraction slot hole. An adjusting plate positioning groove is provided along the length direction of the seed intake adjusting plate. The seed intake adjusting plate is inserted or extracted through the adjusting plate extraction slot hole and along the linear guide rail arranged in the high-pressure side housing, so as to adjust the cross-sectional size of the seed inlet of the seeder. The fixed end of the adjusting plate positioning spring piece is fixed inside the high-pressure side housing, and its free end is snapped into the adjusting plate positioning groove to position the adjusting plate positioning spring piece. The adjusting plate outlet sealing structure includes a slot hole plugging block and a compression spring. A matching sealing surface is provided between the slot hole plugging block and the edge of the adjusting plate extraction slot hole inside the high-pressure side housing. One end of the compression spring is fixed inside the high-pressure side housing, and the other end presses the slot hole plugging block tightly upward in the direction of the seed intake adjusting plate, so as to press the seed intake adjusting plate against the slot wall of the adjusting plate extraction slot hole, and make the slot hole plugging block block the gap between the adjusting plate extraction slot hole and the seed intake adjusting plate, thereby reducing the air leakage amount of the adjusting plate extraction slot hole.

[0019] The seed suction hole blocking body is an elastic roller arranged inside the low-pressure side housing. The elastic roller presses against the seed release position of the rotation track of the seed suction hole and rotates with the rotating seed tray to block the side where air flows out of the seed suction hole.

[0020] The pneumatic precision seeder is also provided with a residual seed cleaning wheel for cleaning the residual seeds stuck in the seed suction holes below the seed release position. The residual seed cleaning wheel includes a rotating wheel and a poking needle arranged at intervals on the rotating wheel. The poking needle is adapted to the size and spacing of the seed suction holes. The residual seed cleaning wheel is arranged inside the low-pressure side housing. The poking needle is inserted into the seed suction hole below the seed release position and forms meshing transmission with it. The residual seed cleaning wheel rotates with the rotating seed tray, so that the poking needle is successively inserted into the seed suction holes to eject the residual seeds stuck in the seed suction holes, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of missed sowing.

[0021] The pneumatic precision seeder is provided with a redundant seed interference mechanism for cleaning the redundant seeds adsorbed on the seed suction holes. The redundant seed interference mechanism is arranged on one side of the rotation track of the seed suction holes in the high-pressure side housing and above the seed supply area. It includes an interference structure, a guiding rail, an adjustment structure and a redundant seed guiding plate. The interference structure includes an interference base, interference elastic pieces and more than one interference disc. The interference discs are fixed on the interference base through the interference elastic pieces so that the interference discs are close to the rotating seed disc. The guiding rail is arranged between the interference base and the high-pressure side housing. The adjustment structure includes a gear-rack transmission mechanism and a gear rotating shaft. The rack in the gear-rack transmission mechanism is fixed on the interference base, the gear in the gear-rack transmission mechanism is fixedly connected with the gear rotating shaft, and the gear rotating shaft is rotatably connected with the high-pressure side housing. The redundant seed guiding plate is arranged above the seed discharging pipe to prevent the redundant seeds scraped off by the interference discs from entering the seed inlet of the seed discharging pipe and guiding them into the seed supply area, so that only one seed grain is adsorbed on the seed suction hole to ensure the sowing accuracy.

[0022] The low-pressure side housing and the low-pressure side inner housing are rotatably connected through a bearing. The inner ring of the bearing is fixed to the low-pressure side housing, and the outer ring of the bearing is fixed to the low-pressure side inner housing. The working pressure relief air discharge hole is arranged on the inner ring of the bearing. The elastic roller and the residual seed cleaning wheel are fixed on the inner ring of the bearing through a wheel bracket. The positive pressure generating device is a blower.

[0023] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solutions are as follows:

[0024] The utility model uses the cavity formed by the rotatable connection between the low-pressure side inner housing and the low-pressure side housing as the high-pressure maintaining structure. The edge part of the low-pressure side housing is hermetically connected with the edge part of the high-pressure side housing, and the edge part of the low-pressure side inner housing is hermetically pressed against the edge part of the rotating seed disc, so that the cavity forms a closed structure, and the gas leaked from the annular air pressure leakage gap is accommodated by the leakage gap air pressure accommodating cavity to avoid the pressure relief of the annular air pressure leakage gap. The rotation axis line of the low-pressure side inner housing and the rotation axis line of the rotating seed disc are on the same straight line. Under the action of the frictional force formed by the hermetic pressing between the low-pressure side inner housing and the rotating seed disc, the low-pressure side inner housing rotates with the rotating seed disc around the same rotation axis line, so that they form a whole rotation, avoiding the relative movement between them and thus avoiding the energy loss and mechanical wear caused by sliding friction.

[0025] Compared with the previous method of sealing the annular air pressure leakage gap with a rubber sealing ring as a high-pressure maintaining structure, the method avoids the heat and wear of the rubber sealing ring caused by the sliding friction between the rotating seed disk and the rubber sealing ring, and the energy consumption caused by the rotational resistance to the rotating seed disk. It also avoids the phenomenon that the rubber sealing ring is fixed in the seeder shell and is not easy to detect, and can only be judged from the increase in the seed leakage rate that the rubber sealing ring is seriously worn, and economic losses have already occurred when it is discovered. The high-pressure maintaining structure becomes a non-wearing part, thereby increasing its service life and reducing energy consumption.

[0026] It has the characteristics of high working reliability, long service life, low maintenance rate, energy saving and consumption reduction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is the front view of the air-blowing precision high-speed seeder;

[0028] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 axonometric drawing;

[0029] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 axonometric drawing;

[0030] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Front view of the medium air-blowing precision seeder;

[0031] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Middle AA section view;

[0032] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of middle Ⅰ;

[0033] Figure 7 yes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure inside the shell on the medium and high voltage sides;

[0034] Figure 8 yes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the medium and high pressure side shell and the rotating seed disc;

[0035] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seed arrangement structure and the residual seed cleaning wheel;

[0036] Figure 10 It is a structural schematic diagram of an air-blowing precision seeding device;

[0037] Figure 11 It is a structural schematic diagram of a seeder seeding amount adjustment device and a redundant seed interference mechanism;

[0038] Figure 12 It is a structural schematic diagram of a trenching depth adjustment device;

[0039] Figure 13 It is a schematic structural diagram of a fertilizing device.

[0040] In the attached drawings: 1. Planter frame; 2. Air-blowing precision planter; 3. Seeding box; 4. Seed furrow opener; 5. Fertilizer box; 6. Fertilizer pipe; 7. Fertilizer furrow opener; 8. Depth adjustment device bracket; 9. Depth adjustment screw; 10. Depth adjustment bracket; 11. Vertical sliding guide rail; 12. Wheel set bracket; 13. Front depth-limiting wheel; 14. Rear depth-limiting wheel; 15. Furrow opening depth adjustment knob; 16. Ground wheel; 17. Fan; 18. High-pressure side housing; 19. Rotating seed plate; 19-1. Seed suction hole; 20. Low-pressure side housing; 21. Seeding pipe; 22. Air high-pressure chamber; 23. Annular air pressure leakage gap; 24. Planter seed inlet; 25. Rotational mating clearance; 26. High-pressure air inlet; 27. Working pressure relief air discharge hole; 28. Low-pressure side inner housing; 29. Seeding device transmission shaft; 30. Driven sprocket; 31. Planter drive motor; 32. Seed intake adjustment plate; 32-1. Adjustment plate positioning groove; 33. Adjustment plate positioning spring piece; 34. Slot hole plugging block; 35. Compression spring; 36. Remaining seed guide plate; 37. Interference base; 38. Interference spring piece; 39. Interference disc; 40. Guide rail; 41. Interference disc displacement adjustment handle; 42. Rack; 43. Gear; 44. Elastic roller; 45. Runner; 46. Pricker; 47. Leakage gap air pressure accommodation chamber; 48. Outer ring rubber sealing ring; 49. Inner ring rubber sealing ring; 50. Bearing; 51. Wheel bracket. Specific embodiments

[0041] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the attached drawings and specific embodiments.

[0042] For the sake of convenience of description, the air-blowing precision high-speed planter is taken as an example for detailed introduction.

[0043] The standard parts used in the present invention can all be purchased from the market. The special-shaped parts can be customized according to the records of the specification and the attached drawings. The specific connection methods of each part all adopt conventional means such as bolts, rivets, welding, and pasting that are mature in the prior art, and will not be elaborated here. It should be noted that when an element is referred to as "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0044] By Figures 1 to 13As can be seen from the illustrated embodiment, this embodiment includes a seeder frame 1. The seeder frame 1 is supported by ground wheels 16 and travels on the ground. One or more pneumatic precision seeders 2, a positive pressure generating device, a seed box 3, a rotating seed plate driving device, and a seed furrow opener 4 are provided on the seeder frame 1;

[0045] The pneumatic precision seeder 2 includes a high-pressure side housing 18, a rotating seed plate 19, a low-pressure side housing 20, a high-pressure maintaining structure, and a seed discharging structure. The high-pressure side housing 18 and the low-pressure side housing 20 are connected together to form a pneumatic precision seeder housing;

[0046] The seed discharging structure includes a seed discharging pipe 21 and a seed suction hole blocking body;

[0047] The rotating seed plate 19 is arranged in the high-pressure side housing 18 and is rotatably connected to the high-pressure side housing 18. One or more circles of seed suction holes 19-1 are arranged in a ring centered on the rotation axis of the rotating seed plate 19. The size of the seed suction holes 19-1 can enable a single seed to be adsorbed on them. There is a cavity between the high-pressure side housing 18 and the rotating seed plate 19 to form an air high-pressure chamber 22. The gap between the high-pressure side housing 18 and the rotating seed plate 19 forms an annular air pressure leakage gap 23. The high-pressure maintaining structure is used to prevent the annular air pressure leakage gap 23 from relieving pressure. A seeder seed inlet 24 for communicating with the seed outlet of the seed box 3 is provided on the high-pressure side housing 18, so that the seeds in the seed box 3 enter the lower part of the air high-pressure chamber 22. The part of the air high-pressure chamber 22 that accommodates seeds in the lower part forms a seed supply area, and the part above the seed supply area in the air high-pressure chamber 22 forms a seed conveying area. A rotating fit gap 25 for preventing seeds from overflowing is provided between the rotating seed plate 19 and the high-pressure side housing 18. The rotating fit gap 25 cannot allow seeds to fall. The rotating fit gap 25 may not be provided around the entire circumference of the rotating seed plate 19. It can be provided between the rotating seed plate 19 and the high-pressure side housing 18 in the seed supply area and in the seed conveying area where seeds are likely to overflow due to the disturbance of the rotation of the rotating seed plate 19. A high-pressure air inlet 26 for communicating with the positive pressure generating device is provided on the high-pressure side housing 18, so that high-pressure air enters the air high-pressure chamber 22. The high-pressure air in the air high-pressure chamber 22 is discharged through the seed suction holes 19-1 to form a working air flow, so that the seed suction holes 19-1 on the side of the air high-pressure chamber 22 generate an adsorption force on the seeds. When the rotating seed plate driving device drives the rotating seed plate 19 to rotate, the seed suction holes 19-1 adsorb seeds in the seed supply area. The adsorbed seeds are conveyed from one side of the seed conveying area upward along an arc-shaped seed suction hole rotation trajectory to the seed release position on the other side of the rotating seed plate 19. The seed inlet of the seed discharging pipe 21 is arranged below the seed release position to receive the seeds released by the seed suction holes 19-1 rotating to the seed release position and lead them out of the pneumatic precision seeder housing through the seed discharging pipe 21; and fall into the sowing furrow opened by the seed furrow opener 4 through the seed introduction pipe for sowing operation;

[0048] The low-pressure side housing 20 is provided with a working pressure relief air flow discharge hole 27 to discharge the air discharged from the seed suction hole 19-1. The high-pressure maintaining structure and the seed suction hole blocking body are connected to the low-pressure side housing 20;

[0049] The high-pressure maintaining structure includes a low-pressure side housing 20 and a low-pressure side inner housing 28. The low-pressure side inner housing 28 is rotatably connected to the low-pressure side housing 20. The rotation axis line of the low-pressure side inner housing 28 and the rotation axis line of the rotating seed plate 19 are on the same straight line. The cavity formed between the low-pressure side inner housing 28 and the low-pressure side housing 20 is a leakage gap air pressure accommodation cavity 47. The edge part of the low-pressure side housing 20 and the edge part of the high-pressure side housing 18 are hermetically connected through an outer ring rubber sealing ring 48. The edge part of the low-pressure side inner housing 28 and the edge part of the rotating seed plate 19 are hermetically pressed together through an inner ring rubber sealing ring 49, so that the leakage gap air pressure accommodation cavity 47 forms a closed structure, so that the gas leaked from the annular air pressure leakage gap 23 is accommodated by the leakage gap air pressure accommodation cavity 47 to avoid pressure relief of the annular air pressure leakage gap 23. Under the action of the frictional force formed by the hermetic pressing of the low-pressure side inner housing 28 and the rotating seed plate 19 together, the low-pressure side inner housing 28 rotates with the rotating seed plate 19 around the same rotation axis line, so that they form an integral rotation, avoiding relative movement between them, and thus avoiding energy loss and mechanical wear caused by sliding friction;

[0050] The seed suction hole blocking body is pressed against the seed release position of the rotation trajectory of the seed suction hole, and is used to block the side where the air flows out of the seed suction hole 19-1 (i.e., the side located on the low-pressure side housing 20), so that the seed suction hole 19-1 rotating to the position of the seed suction hole blocking body loses the ability to adsorb seeds due to no air flow passing through, so that the seeds fall into the seed inlet of the seed discharging pipe 21;

[0051] One circle of seed suction holes 19-1 corresponds to a set of seed discharging structures to realize sowing one row of seeds for one circle of seed suction holes 19-1; Each circle of seed suction holes 19-1 is provided with a seed release position, and a seed discharging pipe 21 is correspondingly provided at each seed release position. When each circle of seed suction holes 19-1 rotates to the seed release position, the side where the air flows out of it is blocked by the seed suction hole blocking body, so that each circle of seed suction holes 19-1 completes the sowing operation;

[0052] The working pressure relief air flow discharge hole 27 is arranged at the central part where the low-pressure side housing 20 is rotatably connected to the low-pressure side inner housing 28, so as to avoid interfering with the sealing performance of the leakage gap air pressure accommodation cavity 47.

[0053] Two air-blowing precision seeders 2 are connected together through a sowing device transmission connection structure to form an air-blowing precision seeder: the sowing device transmission connection structure includes a sowing device transmission shaft 29, a driven sprocket 30 or a driven gear, and the driven sprocket 30 or the driven gear is arranged in the middle of the sowing device transmission shaft 29. The two ends of the sowing device transmission shaft 29 are respectively fixedly connected to the rotating seed discs 19 of the two air-blowing precision seeders 2, and are respectively rotatably connected to the high-pressure side housings 18 of the two air-blowing precision seeders 2.

[0054] The rotating seed disk driving device is a sowing device driving motor, and the rotating shaft of the sowing device driving motor is provided with a driving sprocket or a driving gear (not shown in the figure), and the driving sprocket is connected to the driven sprocket 30 (not shown in the figure) through the sowing device transmission chain, or the driving gear is meshed with the driven gear (not shown in the figure), so that the sowing device driving motor drives the rotating seed disks 19 of the two air-blowing precision seeders 2 to work.

[0055] The rotating seed disc driving device is a seeder driving motor 31 , which is fixed in the high-pressure side housing 18 , and the rotating seed disc 19 is fixed on the rotating shaft of the air-blowing precision seeder driving motor 31 .

[0056] The air-blowing precision seeder 2 is provided with a seeder seeding amount adjustment device, which is used to adjust the seeding amount of the seeder seeding port 24 according to the size of the seeds. The seeder seeding amount adjustment device includes a seeding amount adjustment plate 32, an adjustment plate positioning spring piece 33 and an adjustment plate outlet sealing structure. The high-pressure side shell 18 is provided with an adjustment plate extraction slot hole (not shown in the figure), and an adjustment plate positioning slot 32-1 is provided along the length direction of the seeding amount adjustment plate 32. The seeding amount adjustment plate 32 is inserted or pulled out through the adjustment plate extraction slot hole and along a linear guide rail (not shown in the figure) arranged in the high-pressure side shell 18, thereby adjusting the cross-sectional size of the seeder seeding port 24. The fixed end of the adjustment plate positioning spring piece 33 is fixed to the high-pressure side shell The adjusting plate outlet sealing structure includes a slot blocking block 34 and a compression spring 35. A matching sealing surface is provided between the slot blocking block 34 and the edge of the adjusting plate insertion slot hole in the high-pressure side housing 18. One end of the compression spring 35 is fixed in the high-pressure side housing 18, and the other end presses the slot blocking block 34 upward in the direction of the seed input amount adjusting plate 32, so as to press the seed input amount adjusting plate 32 against the slot wall of the adjusting plate insertion slot hole, and make the slot blocking block 34 block the gap between the adjusting plate insertion slot hole and the seed input amount adjusting plate 32, thereby reducing the air leakage of the adjusting plate insertion slot hole.

[0057] The seed suction hole blocking body is an elastic roller 44 arranged in the low-pressure side housing 20. The elastic roller 44 is pressed against the seed release position of the rotation track of the seed suction hole and rotates with the rotating seed plate 19 to block the side where air flows out of the seed suction hole 19-1, thereby avoiding relative movement between the elastic roller 44 and the rotating seed plate 19, and thus avoiding energy loss and mechanical wear caused by sliding friction.

[0058] The pneumatic precision seeder 2 is also provided with a residual seed cleaning wheel for cleaning the residual seeds stuck in the seed suction hole 19-1 (which fail to fall into the seed discharging pipe 21) below the seed release position. The residual seed cleaning wheel includes a rotating wheel 45 and a plurality of poking needles 46 arranged at intervals on the rotating wheel. The sizes and spacings of the poking needles 46 are adapted to those of the seed suction hole 19-1. The residual seed cleaning wheel is arranged in the low-pressure side housing 20. The poking needles 46 are inserted into the seed suction hole 19-1 below the seed release position and form meshing transmission therewith. The residual seed cleaning wheel rotates with the rotating seed plate 19, so that the poking needles 46 are successively inserted into the seed suction hole 19-1 to eject the residual seeds stuck in the seed suction hole 19-1, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of missed seeding.

[0059] The pneumatic precision seeder 2 is provided with a redundant seed interference mechanism for cleaning the redundant seeds adsorbed by the seed suction hole 19-1. The redundant seed interference mechanism is arranged on one side of the rotation track of the seed suction hole in the high-pressure side housing 18 and above the seed supply area. It includes an interference structure, a guiding rail 40, an adjusting structure and a redundant seed guiding plate 36. The interference structure includes an interference base 37, interference elastic sheets 38 and more than one interference disc 39. The interference disc 39 is fixed on the interference base 37 through the interference elastic sheets 38, so that the interference disc 39 is close to the rotating seed plate 19. The guiding rail 40 is arranged between the interference base 37 and the high-pressure side housing 18. The adjusting structure includes a gear-rack transmission mechanism and a gear rotating shaft (not shown in the figure). The rack 42 in the gear-rack transmission mechanism is fixed on the interference base 37. The gear 43 in the gear-rack transmission mechanism is fixedly connected with the gear rotating shaft. The gear rotating shaft is rotatably connected with the high-pressure side housing 18. By rotating the interference disc displacement adjustment handle 41 fixed at one end of the gear rotating shaft located outside the high-pressure side housing 18, the gear-rack transmission mechanism drives the interference disc 39 to slightly deviate along the movement track defined by the guiding rail 40, so that the interference disc 39 approaches or moves away from the rotation track of the seed suction hole, and scrapes off the redundant seeds adsorbed by the seed suction hole 19-1 on this side. The redundant seed guiding plate 36 is arranged above the seed discharging pipe 21 to prevent the redundant seeds scraped off by the interference disc 39 from entering the seed inlet of the seed discharging pipe 21 and guiding them into the seed supply area, so that only one seed grain is adsorbed by the seed suction hole 19-1 to ensure the accuracy of seeding.

[0060] The furrow opener 4 is provided with a furrow opening depth adjusting device, which includes a depth adjusting device bracket 8 fixed to the furrow opener 4, a furrow opening depth adjusting structure and a furrow opener depth limiting wheel set. The furrow opening depth adjusting structure includes a depth adjusting screw 9 and a depth adjusting bracket 10. The depth adjusting screw 9 is vertically threadedly connected to the depth adjusting bracket 10, and the depth adjusting screw 9 is rotatably connected to the depth adjusting device bracket 8. The depth adjusting bracket 10 is slidably connected to the depth adjusting device bracket 8 through a vertical sliding guide rail 11. The furrow opener depth limiting wheel set includes a wheel set bracket 12, a front depth limiting wheel 13 and a rear depth limiting wheel 14. The front depth limiting wheel 13 and the rear depth limiting wheel 14 are respectively rotatably connected to the wheel set bracket 12. The wheel set bracket 12 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the depth adjusting bracket 10, so that the front depth limiting wheel 13 and the rear depth limiting wheel 14 are respectively located in front of and behind the furrow opener 4. Rotate the furrow opening depth adjusting knob 15 above the depth adjusting screw 9, and the depth adjusting bracket 10 vertically displaces relative to the depth adjusting device bracket 8 under the constraint of the vertical sliding guide rail 11, thereby driving the front depth limiting wheel 13 and the rear depth limiting wheel 14 to move up and down relative to the furrow opener 4, so as to adjust the furrow opening depth of the furrow opener 4.

[0061] It is also provided with a fertilizing device, which includes a fertilizer box 5, a fertilizer pipe 6 and a fertilizer furrow opener 7 arranged on the seeding machine frame 1. The installation position of the fertilizer furrow opener 7 can make the fertilizing furrow opened by it located between the seeding furrows opened by the furrow opener 4. The fertilizer in the fertilizer box 5 is led to the fertilizing furrow opened by the fertilizer furrow opener 7 through the fertilizer pipe 6.

[0062] The low-pressure side housing 20 is rotatably connected to the low-pressure side inner housing 28 through a bearing 50. The inner ring of the bearing 50 is fixed to the low-pressure side housing 20, and the outer ring of the bearing 50 is fixed to the low-pressure side inner housing 28. The working pressure relief air discharge hole 27 is arranged on the inner ring of the bearing 50. The elastic roller 44 and the residual seed cleaning wheel are fixed on the inner ring of the bearing 50 through a wheel bracket 51. The positive pressure generating device is a fan 17.

Claims

1. An air-blowing precision seeder for an air-blowing precision high-speed seeder, characterized in that: It includes a high-pressure side housing (18), a rotating seed plate (19), a low-pressure side housing (20), a high-pressure maintaining structure and a seed metering structure; the high-pressure side housing (18) is connected to the low-pressure side housing (20) to form a pneumatic precision planter housing; The seed metering structure includes a seed metering tube (21) and a seed suction hole blocking body; The rotating seed plate (19) is arranged in the high-pressure side housing (18) and is rotatably connected to the high-pressure side housing (18). A circle or more of seed suction holes (19-1) are arranged in a circular pattern centered on the rotation axis of the rotating seed plate (19). The size of the seed suction holes (19-1) can allow a single seed to be adsorbed on them. There is a cavity between the high-pressure side housing (18) and the rotating seed plate (19) to form an air high-pressure chamber (22). The gap between the high-pressure side housing (18) and the rotating seed plate (19) forms an annular air pressure leakage gap (23). The high-pressure maintaining structure is used to prevent the annular air pressure leakage gap (23) from releasing pressure. A planter seed inlet (24) for communicating with the seed outlet of the seed box (3) is provided on the high-pressure side housing (18) so that the seeds in the seed box (3) enter the lower part of the air high-pressure chamber (22). The part of the air high-pressure chamber (22) below the seed supply area for accommodating seeds forms a seed supply area, and the part above the seed supply area in the air high-pressure chamber (22) forms a seed conveying area. A rotational mating gap (25) for preventing seeds from overflowing is provided between the rotating seed plate (19) and the high-pressure side housing (18). A high-pressure air inlet (26) for communicating with a positive pressure generating device is provided on the high-pressure side housing (18) so that high-pressure air enters the air high-pressure chamber (22). The high-pressure air in the air high-pressure chamber (22) is discharged through the seed suction holes (19-1) to form a working air flow, so that an adsorption force is generated on the seeds by the seed suction holes (19-1) on the side of the air high-pressure chamber (22). When the rotating seed plate (19) rotates, the seed suction holes (19-1) adsorb seeds in the seed supply area. The adsorbed seeds are conveyed from one side of the seed conveying area upward through an arc-shaped seed suction hole rotation trajectory to the seed release position on the other side of the rotating seed plate (19). The seed inlet of the seed metering tube (21) is arranged below the seed release position to receive the seeds released by the seed suction holes (19-1) rotating to the seed release position and lead them out of the pneumatic precision planter housing through the seed metering tube (21); The low-pressure side housing (20) is provided with a working pressure relief air flow discharge hole (27) to discharge the air discharged from the seed suction holes (19-1). The high-pressure maintaining structure and the seed suction hole blocking body are connected to the low-pressure side housing (20); The high-pressure holding structure includes the low-pressure side housing (20) and the low-pressure side inner housing (28). The low-pressure side inner housing (28) is rotatably connected to the low-pressure side housing (20). The rotation axis of the low-pressure side inner housing (28) is on the same straight line as the rotation axis of the rotating seed plate (19). The cavity formed between the low-pressure side inner housing (28) and the low-pressure side housing (20) is the leakage gap air pressure accommodation cavity (47). The edge part of the low-pressure side housing (20) is hermetically connected to the edge part of the high-pressure side housing (18). The edge part of the low-pressure side inner housing (28) is hermetically pressed against the edge part of the rotating seed plate (19), so that the leakage gap air pressure accommodation cavity (47) forms a closed structure, thereby enabling the gas leaked from the annular air pressure leakage gap (23) to be accommodated by the leakage gap air pressure accommodation cavity (47), to avoid pressure relief of the annular air pressure leakage gap (23). Under the action of the frictional force formed by the hermetic pressing of the low-pressure side inner housing (28) and the rotating seed plate (19), the low-pressure side inner housing (28) rotates with the rotating seed plate (19) around the same rotation axis, so that they form an integral rotation, avoiding relative movement between them, and thus avoiding energy loss and mechanical wear caused by sliding friction; The seed suction hole blocker is pressed against the seed release position of the rotation track of the seed suction hole, and is used to block the side where air flows out of the seed suction hole (19-1), so that the seed suction hole (19-1) rotating to the position of the seed suction hole blocker loses the ability to adsorb seeds due to no air flow passing through, and thus the seeds fall into the seed inlet of the seed metering tube (21); One circle of the seed suction holes (19-1) corresponds to a group of the seed metering structures, so as to achieve sowing one row of seeds for one circle of the seed suction holes (19-1); The working pressure relief air flow discharge hole (27) is arranged at the central part where the low-pressure side housing (20) is rotatably connected to the low-pressure side inner housing (28), so as to avoid interfering with the sealing performance of the leakage gap air pressure accommodation cavity (47).

2. The air-blowing precision seeder for an air-blowing precision high-speed seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating seed plate driving device is the seeder driving motor (31). The seeder driving motor (31) is fixed inside the high-pressure side housing (18), and the rotating seed plate (19) is fixed on the rotating shaft of the air-blowing precision seeder driving motor (31).

3. The pneumatic precision seeder for a pneumatic precision high-speed seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pneumatic precision seeder (2) is provided with a seeder seed intake adjusting device for adjusting the seed intake amount of the seeder seed inlet (24) according to the size of seeds. The seeder seed intake adjusting device includes a seed intake adjusting plate (32), an adjusting plate positioning elastic piece (33) and an adjusting plate outlet sealing structure. The high-pressure side housing (18) is provided with an adjusting plate extraction slot hole. An adjusting plate positioning slot (32-1) is provided along the length direction of the seed intake adjusting plate (32). The seed intake adjusting plate (32) is inserted or pulled out through the adjusting plate extraction slot hole and along a linear guide rail arranged in the high-pressure side housing (18), so as to adjust the cross-sectional size of the seeder seed inlet (24). The fixed end of the adjusting plate positioning elastic piece (33) is fixed in the high-pressure side housing (18), and its free end is snapped into the adjusting plate positioning slot (32-1) to position the adjusting plate positioning elastic piece (33). The adjusting plate outlet sealing structure includes a slot hole plugging block (34) and a compression spring (35). A matching sealing surface is provided between the slot hole plugging block (34) and the edge of the adjusting plate extraction slot hole in the high-pressure side housing (18). One end of the compression spring (35) is fixed in the high-pressure side housing (18), and the other end presses the slot hole plugging block (34) tightly upward in the direction of the seed intake adjusting plate (32), so as to press the seed intake adjusting plate (32) against the slot wall of the adjusting plate extraction slot hole and make the slot hole plugging block (34) plug the gap between the adjusting plate extraction slot hole and the seed intake adjusting plate (32), thereby reducing the air leakage amount of the adjusting plate extraction slot hole.

4. The air-blowing precision seeder for an air-blowing precision high-speed seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed suction hole blocking body is an elastic roller (44) arranged in the low-pressure side housing (20). The elastic roller (44) presses against the seed release position of the rotation track of the seed suction hole and rotates with the rotating seed tray (19) to block the side where air flows out of the seed suction hole (19-1).

5. The air-blowing precision seeder for an air-blowing precision high-speed seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pneumatic precision seeder (2) is further provided with a residual seed cleaning wheel for cleaning the residual seeds stuck in the seed suction hole (19-1) below the seed release position. The residual seed cleaning wheel includes a rotating wheel (45) and poking pins (46) arranged at intervals on the rotating wheel. The poking pins (46) are adapted to the size and spacing of the seed suction holes (19-1). The residual seed cleaning wheel is arranged in the low-pressure side housing (20). The poking pins (46) are inserted into the seed suction holes (19-1) below the seed release position and form meshing transmission with them. The residual seed cleaning wheel rotates with the rotating seed tray (19), so that the poking pins (46) are successively inserted into the seed suction holes (19-1) to eject the residual seeds stuck in the seed suction holes (19-1), thereby avoiding the phenomenon of missed seeding.

6. The air-blowing precision seeder for an air-blowing precision high-speed seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pneumatic precision seeder (2) is provided with a redundant seed interference mechanism for cleaning redundant seeds adsorbed by the seed suction holes (19-1). The redundant seed interference mechanism is arranged on one side of the rotation track of the seed suction holes in the high-pressure side housing (18) and above the seed supply area. It includes an interference structure, a guiding rail (40), an adjustment structure, and a redundant seed guiding plate (36). The interference structure includes an interference base (37), interference elastic sheets (38), and more than one interference disc (39). The interference disc (39) is fixed on the interference base (37) through the interference elastic sheet (38) so that the interference disc (39) is close to the rotating seed disc (19). The guiding rail (40) is arranged between the interference base (37) and the high-pressure side housing (18). The adjustment structure includes a gear-rack transmission mechanism and a gear rotating shaft. The rack (42) in the gear-rack transmission mechanism is fixed on the interference base (37), the gear (43) in the gear-rack transmission mechanism is fixedly connected to the gear rotating shaft, and the gear rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the high-pressure side housing (18). The redundant seed guiding plate (36) is arranged above the seed discharging pipe (21) to prevent redundant seeds scraped off by the interference disc (39) from entering the seed inlet of the seed discharging pipe (21) and guiding them into the seed supply area, so that only one seed grain is adsorbed by the seed suction hole (19-1) to ensure the accuracy of sowing.

7. A pneumatic precision seeder for a pneumatic precision high-speed seeder according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The low-pressure side housing (20) is rotatably connected to the low-pressure side inner housing (28) through a bearing (50). The inner ring of the bearing (50) is fixed to the low-pressure side housing (20), and the outer ring of the bearing (50) is fixed to the low-pressure side inner housing (28). The working pressure relief air discharge hole (27) is arranged in the inner ring of the bearing (50). The positive pressure generating device is a blower (17).

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