Air-conveyed aggregated lower-type collection and drainage system with corn support root-shaped seed separation structure

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of crop sowing technology, and specifically relates to an air-conveyed, aggregated, downward-dividing, and distributing system with a corn prop root-shaped seed separation structure. The system comprises a fan, a seed supply device, a self-suppressing backflow seed mixing device, and a downward-conveying seed separation device. The fan is connected to two symmetrically arranged seed mixing devices, and the two groups of seed mixing devices are connected to a group of downward-conveying seed separation devices behind them. The downward-conveying seed separation device is connected to a corrugated seed inlet pipe above the downward-conveying seed separation device. The downward-conveying seed separation device is a corn prop root-shaped seed separation device. Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following advantages: by providing a self-suppressing backflow inoculation tube and setting two groups of appropriately positioned circulation channels inside the self-suppressing backflow inoculation tube, seed backflow caused by excessive vortexes is suppressed, making it suitable for operations requiring large sowing volumes and improving the field sowing quality of air-conveyed seeders. By providing a bionic corn prop root-shaped folded seed discharge pipe in the downward-conveying seed separation device, blockage is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop sowing, and in particular relates to an air-conveyed, aggregated, lower-divided collecting and draining system with a corn support root-shaped seed separation structure. Background Art

[0002] The seed meter is the core component of a planter, and its performance is one of the primary factors determining the planter's characteristics and performance. Currently, wheat seed metering devices primarily come in two types: mechanical and pneumatic. Mechanical seed meters are simple in structure, but suffer from significant seed loss during high-speed sowing and struggle to achieve wide-area sowing. Pneumatic seed meters utilize the principle of "mechanical metered seed supply combined with airflow distribution into rows" and are widely used internationally due to their low seed damage rate, excellent adaptability to seed shape, and high efficiency. Current research on wheat seed metering devices focuses on centralized seeding to improve population mobility, stable seeding, and consistent seeding across rows.

[0003] In order to improve the stability of seeding, this research group disclosed a Venturi-type seed mixing tube with an air distribution tongue through the patent document with application number 202222555200.6. The seed mixing tube includes an air inlet pipe, a reduction cone pipe, an air flow compression pipe, an air outlet pipe, an inoculation tube and a seed drop tube. By arranging an air distribution tongue on the air inlet side, the air flow is accelerated and kept stable in front of the bottom of the seed drop tube, reducing the friction or collision between the seeds and the seed drop tube caused by the turbulence at the bottom of the seed drop tube, making the angle between the air flow direction and the seed drop direction an acute angle, and improving the stability of seeding. However, in actual operation, the actual sowing amount may be lower than the expected sowing amount, and the phenomenon is serious when the sowing amount is large. By observing the inoculation tube during operation, it was found that vortexes would appear in the inoculation tube, such as Figure 8As shown, this causes seeds to be retained, which in turn causes the mixing speed to be lower than the seed supply speed, and the seed meter cannot reach the expected sowing rate. At the same time, application number 202410366554.7 discloses a high-throughput mixing device for an air-transported seeding system. By setting a sudden expansion on the mixing device, a pressure difference is formed in the seed drop area to generate suction. The negative pressure area is larger and more stable than the existing structure. When the sudden expansion structure disclosed in the invention patent is not set, backflow and blockage will occur when the mixing flux reaches 100g / s. The mixing structure in this application can achieve a sowing rate of 150g / s without problems such as seed blockage and backflow, meeting the sowing requirements of 12km / h for wheat and rapeseed. However, those skilled in the art will know that when the existing seeding system reaches a sowing rate of 150g / s or higher, a high-pressure fan is required. Ordinary medium-pressure fans cannot meet the working requirements, and the price of high-pressure fans will increase the overall equipment cost, which is not conducive to promotion and implementation. Patent document 202410543662.7 discloses a downward-feeding seeding device and implement for a secondary-aggregation, speed-increasing seed meter. This device, utilizing an hourglass-shaped booster tube, achieves secondary aggregation of the air-seed two-phase flow, ensuring consistent seeding across rows on sloped surfaces and improving seeding efficiency. To ensure this, a high-pressure blower is required to maintain an inlet air velocity of 26 m / s, achieving the experimental results. For market adoption, achieving low-energy, high-throughput seeding is a primary research focus. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the problem that the existing air-conveyed and concentrated air-feeding type seeding device requires the cooperation of a high-pressure fan for high-throughput sowing, which is prone to excessive vortex in the inoculation tube, resulting in seed stagnation, making the mixing speed lower than the seed supply speed, and the seeding device unable to achieve the expected sowing amount. The present invention provides an air-conveyed and concentrated downward-split seeding system that only requires a medium-pressure fan to achieve high-throughput sowing and can ensure uniform seeding. The invention specifically relates to an air-conveyed and concentrated downward-split seeding system with a corn support root-shaped seeding structure.

[0005] The present invention is realized by the following technical solution: comprising a fan, a seed supply device, a seed mixing device and a seed sorting device, wherein the upper end of the seed mixing device is connected to the seed supply device, the rear of the fan is connected to two sets of symmetrically arranged self-suppressing backflow seed mixing devices, and the rear of the two sets of self-suppressing backflow seed mixing devices is connected to a set of downward conveying seed sorting devices through a three-way pipe;

[0006] The self-suppressing backflow seed mixing device includes a self-suppressing backflow seeding tube and a horizontal conveying pipeline. The self-suppressing backflow seeding tube includes a seed inlet channel and a seed outlet channel. The seed inlet channel is provided with a first circulation channel and a second circulation channel on both sides thereof along the direction of the horizontal conveying pipeline. The first circulation channel is provided above the seed outlet channel.

[0007] The top of the downward conveying seed sorting device is connected to a corrugated seed inlet pipe, and the downward conveying seed sorting device is a corn support root-shaped seed sorter. The corn support root-shaped seed sorter includes a folded seed outlet pipe, and the folded seed outlet pipe is a corn support root-shaped folded structure. The folded seed outlet pipe is radially connected to the bottom of the downward conveying seed sorting device.

[0008] When installing the self-suppressing backflow mixing device, attention should be paid to tight installation. Complete sealing is not required, but the sealing rate is required to reach more than 85% during installation.

[0009] Specifically, the horizontal conveying pipeline includes an air intake section, a deceleration section, a seed-gas mixing section, an acceleration section, and a seed-gas mixing output section. The self-suppressing backflow inoculation tube is arranged above the seed-gas mixing section. The bottom of the seed-gas mixing section is provided with a guide slope extending toward the seed-gas mixing output section. The other side of the guide slope is provided with an air-facing slope. The guide slope and the air-facing slope have a smooth transition with an arc surface. Providing a deceleration section in the horizontal conveying pipeline of the self-suppressing backflow seed mixing device can effectively reduce the airflow velocity entering the self-suppressing backflow inoculation tube, thereby weakening the inhibitory effect on seeds, and further reducing the influence of airflow disturbance in the seed tube on the supply-transmission matching rate.

[0010] Specifically, the first circulation channel includes air inlet 1, circulation channel 1 and air outlet 1, the cross-section of air inlet 1 is larger than the cross-section of air outlet 1, and the air outlet direction of air outlet 1 is vertically downward; the second circulation channel includes air inlet 2, circulation channel 2 and air outlet 2, the cross-section of air inlet 2 is larger than the cross-section of air outlet 2, and an inclined surface connected to the air outlet channel is provided at the bottom of the air inlet channel, the air inlet direction of air inlet 2 is at the same angle as the inclined surface, and the air inlet 2 is higher than air outlet 1.

[0011] Most of the upward reflux airflow enters from the air inlet 1 of the first circulation channel, and the ventilation area in the circulation channel 1 of the first circulation channel gradually decreases. Under the action of the circulation channel 1, the airflow is accelerated and the flow direction is changed before re-entering the mixed seeding area; a small part of this part of the airflow derived from the air outlet 1 passes through the seed outlet channel with the seed gas mixed flow, and most of it enters the air inlet 2 along the inclined surface and enters the circulation channel 2. Under the action of the circulation channel 2, the airflow is accelerated and the flow direction is changed before entering the mixed seeding area; the airflow derived from the air outlet 1 and the upward reflux airflow of the seed gas mixing section form a counterattack and weaken each other, thereby reducing the reflux phenomenon.

[0012] Specifically, the horizontal length of the air-incoming slope is 40-44 mm, and the vertical height of the highest point is 36-40 mm;

[0013] The horizontal length of the air intake section is 50mm, the inner diameter of the air intake section inlet is 55mm, and the inner diameter of the outlet is 60mm; the horizontal length of the deceleration section is 50mm, the inner diameter of the inlet is 60mm, and the inner diameter of the outlet is 85mm; the horizontal length of the seed gas mixing section is 100mm, its inner diameter is 80mm, and the longitudinal height of the seed gas mixing section outlet end is 50mm; the longitudinal height of the acceleration section inlet end is 32mm, and the inner diameter of the outlet is 55mm; the horizontal length of the seed gas mixing output section is 40mm, and the inner diameter is 55mm; the distance between the lowest point of the seed drop pipe and the highest point of the air-facing slope is 15-25mm.

[0014] Specifically, the angle between the surface where the inclined surface is located and the vertical surface is 30°-55°; the ratio of the inner diameter of the deceleration section to the inner diameter of the intake section is 1.2-1.7; and the ratio of the height of the air-incoming inclined surface to the inner diameter of the deceleration section is 0.25-0.5.

[0015] Specifically, the corn pillar root-shaped seed separator includes a shell, a cover and a folded seed tube. The shell has a circumferential distribution of snap-in grooves for connecting the folded seed tube. The inner wall of the shell is an arc structure, and the inner wall of the cover is a conical structure.

[0016] Specifically, the inner diameter d of the folded seed tube is F The following conditions must be met:

[0017]

[0018] Where D is the inner diameter of the corrugated seed tube, d F It is the inner diameter of the folded seed tube.

[0019] Specifically, the folded seed tube is divided into a connecting section and a leading section, wherein the central axis of the connecting section is the curve AB section, the central axis of the leading section is the curve BC section, the curve AB section is a tangent to point B on the curve BC section, and the length of the curve AB section is 20-80 mm;

[0020] Construct a rectangular coordinate system on the plane where the AC segment of the central axis curve of the folded seed tube is located, with point B as the origin. The equation of the BC segment of the curve is as follows, and its unit is mm:

[0021] y=a 2 x +b x 2 +c x 3 x ∈(0,60)

[0022] a∈(-1,0),b∈(3×10 -3 , 9×10 -3 ),c∈(-7×10 -4,-4×10 -4 ).

[0023] Preferably, the inner diameter of the corrugated seed inlet tube is 55 mm, and the inner diameter of the folded seed outlet tube is 55 mm. F is 20mm.

[0024] Specifically, a Y-type tee and a connecting horizontal pipe are provided between the fan and the self-suppressing backflow mixing device, and a connecting horizontal pipe and a Y-type tee are provided between the self-suppressing backflow mixing device and the seed inlet pipe; the inner diameter of the connecting horizontal pipe and the connecting horizontal pipe is 55 mm, the Y-type tee is horizontally arranged, and the Y-type tee is vertically arranged.

[0025] The high-throughput seeding in the existing technology is usually 150g / s, and a high-pressure fan is required to ensure that the inlet air flow velocity of the self-suppressing backflow mixing device reaches 26m / s; in this application, the structure of the self-suppressing backflow mixing device is adjusted to make the air flow first decelerate and then accelerate in the self-suppressing backflow mixing device, so as to avoid turbulence at the bottom of the seed drop tube when the seed amount increases. At the same time, a self-suppressing backflow inoculation tube is set, and two groups of circulation channels at suitable positions are set inside the self-suppressing backflow inoculation tube to guide the air flow disturbance, so that the downward and upward airflows weaken each other, reduce the backflow phenomenon, and ensure The seeds in the self-suppressing backflow inoculation tube are not affected by turbulence and are discharged naturally; then two sets of self-suppressing backflow seed mixing devices are used to simultaneously supply seeds to the downward conveying seed dividing device. Compared with using one set of self-suppressing backflow seed mixing devices to supply seeds, the supply-delivery matching rate can be effectively improved. Finally, when a medium-pressure fan is used to make the inlet air flow of the self-suppressing backflow seed mixing device about 18m / s, the seed supply rate is about 200g / s, and the supply-delivery matching rate reaches 98.4%, reaching more than 98%, which can be suitable for operations with large sowing requirements and improve the field sowing quality of air-conveying seeders.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0027] (1) By setting up a self-suppressing backflow inoculation tube and setting up two sets of circulation channels at appropriate positions inside the self-suppressing backflow inoculation tube, the air flow disturbance is guided so that the downward and upward air flows weaken each other and the backflow phenomenon is weakened. This ensures that the seeds in the self-suppressing backflow inoculation tube are not affected by turbulence and are discharged naturally, avoiding the population being retained in the seed drop tube, resulting in a mismatch between the seed supply rate and the seed delivery rate. After the seed and gas are mixed, the gas flow rate is increased by reducing the cross-sectional area to ensure the normal delivery of seeds in the delivery pipeline.

[0028] (2) The existing downward conveying seed separator is designed to be inverted. The downward conveying seed separator is located at the lower position of the frame, which can shorten the length of the seed air conveying pipeline and reduce air flow loss. At the same time, because the air-seed two-phase flow is changed from the current upward flow to the downward flow, the seeds do not need to overcome their own gravity in the conveying pipeline, which greatly reduces the fan energy consumption during high-throughput sowing, effectively reduces the cost of accessories, and is suitable for promotion and application;

[0029] The test shows that when the seed supply rate is the same, the inlet air velocity required by the air delivery upper sub-collection and drainage system is significantly greater than that required by the air delivery lower sub-collection and drainage system; as the seed supply rate increases, the inlet air velocity required by the air delivery upper sub-collection and drainage system is greater than that required by the air delivery lower sub-collection and drainage system. When the seed supply rate is in the range of 100-150g / s, the wind speed required by the air delivery upper sub-collection and drainage system is not less than 27.82m / s and the power consumption is not less than 25.13kW, while the wind speed required by the air delivery lower sub-collection and drainage system is not higher than 19.24m / s and the power consumption is not higher than 18.35kW. It can be seen that the required energy consumption is reduced by about 38.1%;

[0030] (3) By setting a corn support root-shaped seed separator, the folded seed tube and shell structure are biomimetic to the connection mode between the corn support root and the corn stalk, changing the original horizontal seed tube structure, so that the seeds slide downward under the action of gravity and airflow thrust, solving the hidden danger of the seed-air mixed flow being blocked in the pipeline when the seeds are discharged downward, and at the same time, a high seed supply rate can be guaranteed without using a high-pressure fan. The flow rate of the centrifugal fan selected in the present invention is 1410-1704m³ / h, and the required power is 2.3-2.6kW, which is lower than the power of the fan used in the existing high-throughput seeder, so as to achieve high-throughput seeding under low-energy working conditions;

[0031] (4) Two sets of self-suppressing backflow mixing devices are set between the fan and the downward conveying seed dividing device, which can improve the supply-delivery matching rate to more than 98%; at the same time, it is ensured that in complex field operations, if a set of self-suppressing backflow mixing devices encounters turbulence and other problems due to high throughput, they can complement each other and effectively ensure the supply-delivery matching rate, which can be suitable for operations with large sowing volumes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 It is a front view of the structure of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of a downward conveying type seed separation device.

[0035] Figure 4 It is a bottom view of the downward conveying type seed dividing device.

[0036] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of a downward conveying type seed dividing device.

[0037] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of a self-suppressing backflow hybrid device.

[0038] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of a self-inhibiting reflux inoculation tube.

[0039] Figure 8 It is the effect of seed supply rate on the inlet wind speed of the mixing device.

[0040] Figure 9 It is the effect of seed supply rate on the power consumed by the fan.

[0041] Figure 10 It is a velocity vector diagram of a Venturi-type mixing tube mixing device with an air distribution tongue.

[0042] Figure 11 It is the speed vector diagram of the hybrid device in Example 1.

[0043] Figure 12 1 is a graph showing the change in air flow velocity in the Y direction within the seed dropping tube of the seed mixing device according to Example 1 as a function of position.

[0044] Figure 13 This is a graph showing the change in air flow velocity in the Y direction within the seed dropping tube of the hybrid seeding device of control group 2 as a function of position. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] like Figure 1-7 As shown in the figure, an air-conveyed aggregated downward-dividing collection and drainage system with a corn support root-shaped seed separation structure includes a fan 1, a seed supply device 3, a self-suppressing backflow seed mixing device 4, and a downward-conveying seed separation device 5. The upper end of the self-suppressing backflow seed mixing device is connected to the seed supply device 3. The rear end of the fan 1 is connected to two sets of symmetrically arranged self-suppressing backflow seed mixing devices 4. The rear ends of the two sets of self-suppressing backflow seed mixing devices 4 are connected to a set of downward-conveying seed separation devices 5 through a three-way pipe.

[0049] The self-suppressing backflow seed mixing device 4 includes a self-suppressing backflow seeding tube 41 and a horizontal conveying pipeline 42. The self-suppressing backflow seeding tube 41 includes a seed inlet channel 411 and a seed outlet channel 412. The seed inlet channel 411 is provided with a first circulation channel 413 and a second circulation channel 414 on both sides thereof along the direction of the horizontal conveying pipeline 42. The first circulation channel 413 is provided above the seed outlet channel 412.

[0050] The first circulation channel 413 includes an air inlet 4131, a circulation channel 4132, and an air outlet 4133. The cross section of the air inlet 4131 is larger than that of the air outlet 4133, and the air outlet direction of the air outlet 4133 is vertically downward. The second circulation channel 414 includes an air inlet 4141, a circulation channel 4142, and an air outlet 4143. The cross section of the air inlet 4141 is larger than that of the air outlet 4143. An inclined surface 415 is provided at the bottom of the air inlet channel 411, which is connected to the air outlet channel 412. The air inlet direction of the air inlet 4141 is at the same angle as the inclined surface, and the air inlet 4141 is higher than the air outlet 4133. The angle between the inclined surface 415 and the vertical plane is 45°.

[0051] The horizontal conveying pipeline 42 includes an air intake section 421, a deceleration section 422, a seed gas mixing section 423, an acceleration section 424, and a seed gas mixing output section 425. The self-suppressing backflow inoculation tube 41 is arranged above the seed gas mixing section 423. The bottom of the seed gas mixing section 423 is provided with a guide slope 4231 extending toward the seed gas mixing output section 425, and the other side of the guide slope 4231 is provided with an air-facing slope 4232; the guide slope 4231 and the air-facing slope 4232 have a smooth transition with an arc surface; the horizontal length of the air-facing slope 4232 is 42 mm, and the longitudinal height of the highest point is 38 mm; the air intake section 421 is horizontal The length is 50mm, the inlet inner diameter of the air intake section 421 is 55mm, and the outlet inner diameter is 60mm; the horizontal length of the deceleration section 422 is 50mm, the inlet inner diameter is 60mm, and the outlet inner diameter is 85mm; the horizontal length of the seed gas mixing section 423 is 100mm, its inner diameter is 80mm, and the longitudinal height of the outlet end of the seed gas mixing section 423 is 50mm; the longitudinal height of the inlet end of the acceleration section 424 is 32mm, and the outlet inner diameter is 55mm; the horizontal length of the seed gas mixing output section 425 is 40mm, and the inner diameter is 55mm; the distance between the lowest point of the seed outlet channel 412 and the highest point of the air-incoming slope is 20mm;

[0052] like Figure 3-5As shown, the downward conveying seeding device 5 is connected to the corrugated seed inlet tube 51 above, and a threaded connection section 511 is provided above the corrugated seed inlet tube. The downward conveying seeding device 5 is radially connected to the folded seed outlet tube 53 below. The folded seed outlet tube 53 is a corn support root-shaped folded structure. The downward conveying seeding device 5 is a corn support root-shaped seeding device. The downward conveying seeding device 5 includes a shell 531 and a cover 532. The shell 531 is circumferentially distributed with a card groove 533 for connecting the folded seed outlet tube 52. The shell 531 has a plurality of inner portions. The wall is an arc structure, and the inner wall of the cover body 532 is a conical structure; a Y-type tee and a connecting transverse pipe are provided between the fan 1 and the self-suppressing backflow mixing device 4, and a connecting transverse pipe 2 and a Y-type tee are provided between the self-suppressing backflow mixing device 4 and the seed inlet pipe; the inner diameter of the connecting transverse pipe 1 and the connecting transverse pipe 2 is 55mm. Reasonable design of the connecting pipelines between the fan, the self-suppressing backflow mixing device and the seed inlet pipe can shorten the pipeline length, reduce the energy consumption of seed flow transportation, and apply a medium-pressure fan to reduce the cost of the whole machine while ensuring low energy consumption and high throughput.

[0053] like Figure 5 As shown, in order to reduce the local air flow resistance of the downward conveying seeding device 5, the inner diameter d of the folded seeding tube 52 is F The following conditions must be met:

[0054]

[0055] Where D is the inner diameter of the corrugated seed tube, d F is the inner diameter of the folded seed tube; d is calculated F >13.74mm, for easy processing d F To avoid seeds in the folded tube 52 congestion retention, such as Figure 6 As shown, the folded seed tube is divided into a connecting section and a leading section, wherein the central axis of the connecting section is the curve AB section, the central axis of the leading section is the curve BC section, the curve AB section is a tangent to point B on the curve BC section, and the length of the curve AB section is 20-80 mm; a rectangular coordinate system is constructed in the plane where the central axis curve AC section of the folded seed tube is located, with point B as the origin. The equation of the curve BC section is as follows, and its unit is mm:

[0056] y=a 2 x +b x 2 +c x 3 x ∈(0,60);

[0057] a∈(-1,0),b∈(3×10 -3 , 9×10 -3 ),c∈(-7×10-4 ,-4×10 -4 ).

[0058] After the air flow is introduced, most of the upward reflux air flows in from the air inlet 4131 of the first circulation channel 413, and the ventilation area of ​​the circulation channel 1 4132 of the first circulation channel 413 gradually decreases. Under the action of the circulation channel 1 4132, the air flow is accelerated and the flow direction is changed before re-entering the mixed area; a small part of this part of the air flow derived from the air outlet 1 4133 passes through the seed outlet channel 412 along the seed gas mixed flow, and most of it enters the air inlet 2 4141 along the inclined surface 415 and enters the circulation channel 2 4142. Under the action of the circulation channel 2 4142, the air flow is accelerated and the flow direction is changed before entering the mixed area; the air flow derived from the air outlet 1 4143 and the upward reflux air flow of the seed gas mixing section 423 form a counteracting and weakening relationship, thereby reducing the reflux phenomenon.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] The air-conveyed, aggregated, lower-type collection and drainage system with a corn support root-shaped seed separation structure is based on Example 1, and the horizontal length of the air-facing slope is adjusted to 44 mm, the longitudinal height of the highest point is 36 mm, and the distance between the lowest point of the seed outlet channel and the highest point of the air-facing slope is 25 mm; the angle between the surface where the inclined surface 415 is located and the vertical plane is 30°.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] The air-conveyed, aggregated, lower-type collection and drainage system with a corn support root-shaped seed separation structure is based on Example 1, and the horizontal length of the air-facing slope is adjusted to 40 mm, the longitudinal height of the highest point is 40 mm, and the distance between the lowest point of the seed outlet channel and the highest point of the air-facing slope is 15 mm; the angle between the surface where the inclined surface 415 is located and the vertical plane is 55°.

[0063] In order to test the working performance of the seeding system of the present invention, a wheat sowing bench test was carried out. The seeding system was fixed on a concentrated exhaust and conveying type seeding test bench. The seeding performance test was carried out on Zhenmai No. 10, and the fan was a centrifugal fan of model Y100L-2.

[0064] In experiment 1, during the test, we first built an air-supplied upper fractional drainage test bench as control group 1. After checking that everything was correct, we started the drive shaft and adjusted the drive shaft speed to the target speed through the tachometer (DT-6235B model) and then closed the drive shaft. We started the centrifugal fan (9-19-4A model) and used the air volume regulating valve to adjust the wind speed to the maximum and then closed the fan. We then started the fan airflow switch and the drive shaft switch at the same time. After the seeding system was able to operate stably, we used the air volume regulating valve to gradually reduce the wind speed to reduce the fan airflow speed. At the same time, we paid attention to whether there was a population retention phenomenon in the steering conveying device. When the population retention phenomenon was about to occur in the steering conveying device, we closed the drive shaft switch and used a digital anemometer (GM8901 model) to measure the inlet air velocity of the mixing device and record it. Each group of tests was repeated three times and the average value was taken. After the energy consumption test of the air-supplied upper fractional drainage test bench was completed, we built an air-supplied lower fractional drainage test bench as test group 1 and repeated the energy consumption test process of the air-supplied upper fractional drainage device. Figure 8-9 Medium results.

[0065] from Figure 8-9 It can be seen that with the increase of seed supply rate, the inlet air flow velocity required by the air-supplied upper-fractionated drainage system is greater than the inlet air flow velocity required by the air-supplied lower-fractionated drainage system. When the seed supply rate is in the range of 100-150g / s, the wind speed required by the air-supplied upper-fractionated drainage system is not less than 27.82m / s and the power consumption is not less than 25.13kW. The wind speed required by the air-supplied lower-fractionated drainage system is not higher than 19.24m / s and the power consumption is not higher than 18.35kW. It can be seen that the required energy consumption is reduced by about 38.1%.

[0066] In Experiment 2, based on Example 1, the upward conveying seeding system with a Venturi-type mixing tube structure having an air distribution tongue disclosed in Patent Document No. 202222555200.6 was used as Control Group 2;

[0067] The seeding rate was selected to be 100g / s-200g / s, the wind speed was 16-22m / s, and a mesh bag was used to hold and discharge seeds from the seed guide tube. The statistical time for each test was 30s, and the seed mass in each mesh bag and the total mass were recorded. Each test was repeated 3 times and the statistical data averaged.

[0068] The working performance of the seed-gas mixing device in Example 1 and the control group was compared, and a full-factor test was conducted with wind speed and seed supply rate as test factors and supply-transmission matching rate as evaluation index. The experimental results of Example 1 are shown in Table 1.

[0069] Table 1

[0070]

[0071] The experimental results of control group 2 are shown in Table 2.

[0072] Table 2

[0073]

[0074] It can be seen from the contents of Tables 1 and 2 that as the wind speed and seed supply rate increase, the supply-delivery matching rate of the self-suppressing backflow seed mixing device will be affected. In the control group, the self-suppressing backflow seed mixing device has a higher supply-delivery matching rate at low wind speeds, and the sowing amount needs to be increased. That is, when the wind speed increases, the supply-delivery matching rate decreases significantly, and when the seed amount increases, the self-suppressing backflow seed mixing device and the seeding system pipeline are prone to blockage problems; therefore, missed sowing is prone to occur during large sowing operations. This technical problem can be solved by optimizing the self-suppressing backflow seed mixing device and the downwardly arranged corn support root-shaped seed separator in the present invention, effectively avoiding the missed sowing phenomenon during large sowing operations, improving the supply-delivery matching rate under high wind speed conditions and the sowing amount of the seeding device under low wind speed conditions, and improving the machine operation efficiency and operation stability.

[0075] The self-suppressing backflow mixing device and the downward-aggregating seed separation structure in the present invention can maintain a stable seed supply when used in large-volume sowing operations. The mixing device has no requirements for seeds and is applicable to both rice and wheat, maintaining a stable seed supply in large-volume sowing operations.

[0076] The deceleration section 422 is provided in the horizontal conveying pipeline of the self-suppressing backflow seed mixing device, which can effectively reduce the airflow velocity entering the self-suppressing backflow inoculation tube, thereby reducing the inhibitory effect on the seeds. Figure 12 1 is a graph showing the change in air flow velocity in the Y direction in the seed outlet channel of the seed mixing device according to Example 1 as a function of position; Figure 13 This is a graph showing the change in air flow velocity in the Y direction with position in the seed outlet channel of control group 2. It can be seen that in Example 1, by setting the deceleration section 422, the incoming air flow velocity is reduced, the upper and lower speed differences are reduced, the inhibition on the seed flow is weakened, and the influence of the air flow disturbance in the seed inlet tube on the supply-delivery matching rate is reduced.

[0077] pass Figure 10-11 It can be seen from the content that the Venturi-type seed mixing device with an air distribution tongue will produce vortices in the seed drop tube. In this application, the self-suppressing backflow seed mixing device is used to improve the uniformity of seed supply and reduce the inhibitory effect on the seed flow in the seed drop tube.

[0078] The high-throughput sowing rate of the existing technology is usually 150g / s, and a high-pressure fan is required to ensure that the inlet air flow velocity of the mixing device reaches 26m / s; in this application, the structure of the mixing device is adjusted to make the air flow first decelerate and then accelerate in the mixing device, so as to avoid the occurrence of large vortices at the bottom of the seed drop tube to hinder the seeds from falling when the seed amount increases; then two groups of mixing devices are used to supply seeds to the downward conveying seed separation device at the same time, which can effectively improve the supply-delivery matching rate compared with using one group of mixing devices to supply seeds. Finally, when the inlet air flow of the mixing device is 18-22m / s using a medium-pressure fan, the seed supply rate can reach 200g / s, and when the inlet air flow of the mixing device is 18m / s, the supply-delivery matching rate reaches 98.4%, which is more than 98%, and can be suitable for operations with large sowing amounts, thereby improving the field sowing quality of air-conveying seeders.

[0079] By reasonably setting the structure and direction of the corn support root-shaped seed separator, the seeds are aggregated and separated downward, which can shorten the length of the seed gas transmission pipeline. By shortening the length of the seed gas transmission pipeline and changing the original horizontal seed outlet pipe structure, the seeds slide downward under the action of gravity and airflow thrust. Under high-throughput and low-energy consumption working conditions, the blockage of the seed outlet pipe of the downward conveying seed separator is effectively avoided.

[0080] During the rack test, it was found that the seed mixing device may have poor sealing problems after installation. Poor sealing will affect the seed supply effect and thus affect the supply-delivery matching rate. In this application, two sets of circulation channels are set up to weaken the impact of airflow on seeds after entering the seed mixing device, thereby overcoming the problem of poor sealing affecting the supply-delivery matching rate.

[0081] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from all points of view, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes that fall within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claim to which they relate.

[0082] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An air-conveyed, aggregated, and lower-divided collection and drainage system with a corn support root-shaped seeding structure, comprising a fan, a seed supply device, a seed mixing device, and a seed separation device, wherein the upper end of the seed mixing device is connected to the seed supply device, and is characterized in that: The rear of the fan is connected to two sets of symmetrically arranged self-suppressing backflow mixing devices, and the rear of the two sets of self-suppressing backflow mixing devices is connected to a set of downward conveying seed dividing devices through a three-way pipe; The self-suppressing backflow seed mixing device includes a self-suppressing backflow seeding tube and a horizontal conveying pipeline. The self-suppressing backflow seeding tube includes a seed inlet channel and a seed outlet channel. The seed inlet channel is provided with a first circulation channel and a second circulation channel on both sides thereof along the direction of the horizontal conveying pipeline. The first circulation channel is provided above the seed outlet channel. The first circulation channel includes an air inlet 1, a circulation channel 1, and an air outlet 1. The cross-section of the air inlet 1 is larger than the cross-section of the air outlet 1, and the air outlet direction of the air outlet 1 is vertically downward; the second circulation channel includes an air inlet 2, a circulation channel 2, and an air outlet 2. The cross-section of the air inlet 2 is larger than the cross-section of the air outlet 2. An inclined surface connected to the air outlet channel is provided at the bottom of the air inlet channel. The air inlet direction of the air inlet 2 is at the same angle as the inclined surface, and the air inlet 2 is higher than the air outlet 1. The corrugated seed feeding pipe is connected to the top of the downward conveying seed sorting device, and the downward conveying seed sorting device is a corn support root-shaped seed sorting device, and the corn support root-shaped seed sorting device includes a folded seed discharging pipe, and the folded seed discharging pipe is a corn support root-shaped folded structure, and the folded seed discharging pipe is radially connected to the bottom of the downward conveying seed sorting device; The horizontal conveying pipeline includes an air intake section, a deceleration section, a seed gas mixing section, an acceleration section, and a seed gas mixing output section in sequence. The self-suppressing backflow inoculation tube is arranged above the seed gas mixing section. The bottom of the seed gas mixing section is provided with a guide slope extending toward the seed gas mixing output section, and the other side of the guide slope is provided with an air-facing slope.

2. The air-conveyed aggregated lower-type collection and drainage system with a corn support root-shaped separation structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the inclined surface and the vertical surface is 30°-55°; the ratio of the inner diameter of the deceleration section to the inner diameter of the air intake section is 1.2-1.7; and the ratio of the height of the air-incoming inclined surface to the inner diameter of the deceleration section is 0.25-0.

5.

3. The air-conveyed aggregated lower-type collection and drainage system with a corn support root-shaped separation structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The corn pillar root-shaped seed divider includes a shell, a cover and a folded seed tube. The shell has a circumference distributed with connecting grooves for connecting the folded seed tube. The inner wall of the shell is an arc structure, and the inner wall of the cover is a conical structure.

4. The air-conveyed aggregated lower-type collection and drainage system with a corn support root-shaped separation structure as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The inner diameter d of the folded seed tube F The following conditions must be met: Where D is the inner diameter of the corrugated seed tube, d F It is the inner diameter of the folded seed tube.

5. The air-conveyed aggregated lower-type collection and drainage system with a corn support root-shaped separation structure as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The folded seed tube is divided into a connecting section and a leading section, wherein the central axis of the connecting section is the curve AB section, the central axis of the leading section is the curve BC section, the curve AB section is a tangent to point B on the curve BC section, and the length of the curve AB section is 20-80 mm; Construct a rectangular coordinate system on the plane where the AC segment of the central axis curve of the folded seed tube is located, with point B as the origin. The equation of the BC segment of the curve is as follows, and its unit is mm: y=a 2 x+bx 2 +cx 3 x∈(0,60) a∈(-1,0),b∈(3×10 -3 ,9×10 -3 ),c∈(-7×10 -4 ,-4×10 -4 )。 6. The air-conveyed aggregated lower-type collecting and draining system with a corn support root-shaped separating structure as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the corrugated seed inlet tube is 55mm, and the folded seed outlet tube is d F is 20mm.

7. The pneumatic aggregate lower separation collection and drainage system with a corn support root-shaped separation structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A Y-shaped tee and a connecting transverse pipe are provided between the fan and the self-suppressing backflow mixing device, and a connecting transverse pipe and a Y-shaped tee are provided between the self-suppressing backflow mixing device and the corrugated seed inlet pipe.

8. The air-conveyed aggregated lower-type collecting and draining system with a corn support root-shaped separating structure as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The first Y-shaped tee is horizontally arranged, and the second Y-shaped tee is vertically arranged.

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