Automatic seeding mechanism of seedling raising tray

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic seeding mechanism of a seedling raising tray, which comprises a conveying track, a film covering mechanism, a primary soil covering mechanism, a watering mechanism, a dibble seeding mechanism and a secondary soil covering mechanism, and the film covering mechanism, the primary soil covering mechanism, the watering mechanism, the dibble seeding mechanism and the secondary soil covering mechanism are sequentially arranged above the conveying track. The seedling raising trays are placed on the conveying track to be conveyed, so that the seedling raising trays are subjected to film covering, primary soil covering, water applying, dibble seeding and secondary soil covering in sequence; automatic seeding of the seedling raising trays is achieved, manual operation is not needed in the seeding period of the seedling raising trays, the efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the labor cost is reduced, and the seedling raising tray seeding device is suitable for large-scale seedling raising tray seeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural automatic seeding instruments, and particularly to an automatic seeding mechanism for a seedling tray. Background Art

[0002] The seedlings required by the current transplanter need to be raised in a seedling tray. When raising seedlings in the seedling tray, it is necessary to perform spot sowing of seeds. When performing spot sowing of seeds in the seedling tray, it is necessary to cover the bottom of the seedling tray with a film. After the film covering is completed, soil covering is carried out on the seedling tray. After the soil covering is completed, watering is carried out. After the watering is completed, uniform spot sowing is carried out on the seedling tray. After the spot sowing of seeds is completed, secondary soil covering is carried out, so as to complete the spot sowing of the seedling tray; the above-mentioned spot sowing of the seedling tray is mainly operated manually, so the efficiency of raising seedlings is relatively low, and at the same time, the labor intensity of the staff and the labor cost are relatively high, which is not suitable for large-scale breeding of seedling trays. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Aiming at the above deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention relates to an automatic seeding mechanism for a seedling tray, which is convenient to realize the automatic seeding of the seedling tray and does not require manual operation during the seeding of the seedling tray. In this way, while improving the efficiency, the labor cost is also reduced, and it is suitable for large-scale seeding of seedling trays.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention: an automatic seeding mechanism for a seedling tray, comprising a conveying track, a film covering mechanism, a first soil covering mechanism, a watering mechanism, a spot sowing mechanism and a second soil covering mechanism. Among them, the film covering mechanism, the first soil covering mechanism, the watering mechanism, the spot sowing mechanism and the second soil covering mechanism are sequentially arranged above the conveying track. The seedling tray is placed on the conveying track for conveying, so that the seedling tray sequentially completes film covering, first soil covering, watering, spot sowing and second soil covering; The film covering mechanism includes a reel and a pressure roller. A screen film is wound around the reel. A column for placing the reel is installed above the conveying track. A pressure roller is installed on the conveying track. The pressure roller is located below the reel and presses on the top of the seedling tray; Both the first soil covering mechanism and the second soil covering mechanism are hoppers. Substrate soil is placed in the hoppers, and the substrate soil in the hoppers is directly unloaded into the seedling tray; The watering mechanism is a plurality of water pipes horizontally arranged above the conveying track. Spraying holes are opened at the bottom of each water pipe, and each water pipe can be translated, so as to ensure the uniformity of watering; The spot sowing mechanism includes a seed hopper and a sowing wheel. A sowing wheel is arranged below the seed hopper. Sowing grooves for placing seeds are opened on the circumferential outer wall of the sowing wheel, and the seeds are sown into the seedling tray by the rotation of the sowing wheel; The conveying tracks on one side of the primary soil covering mechanism and the secondary soil covering mechanism are both provided with clamping rollers, on which swing arms are mounted, and on which elastic buffer components are arranged, so that the matrix soil is lightly clamped by the clamping rollers and the top surface of the matrix soil is leveled.

[0005] Preferably, a sweeping assembly is provided on the conveying track on one side of the primary soil covering mechanism and the secondary soil covering mechanism, the sweeping assembly comprises an installation shell, a sweeping brush and a height adjustment assembly, the installation shell covers the conveying track, a sweeping brush is installed in the installation shell, a lifting slide groove is opened on the installation shell, a sliding seat for lifting is embedded in the lifting slide groove, two ends of the sweeping brush are installed on the sliding seat, one end of the sweeping brush is butt-jointed with the motor, a height adjustment assembly is provided between the top of the installation shell and the sliding seat, the height adjustment assembly comprises an adjusting rod, a gear slot and a limit rod, a rotating piece is installed on the outer wall of the sliding seat, a traction spring is provided between the rotating piece and the conveying track, a through hole for the adjusting rod to pass through is provided on the top of the rotating piece, the adjusting rod is a screw rod, two nuts are provided on the adjusting rod and the two nuts clamp the rotating piece, the adjusting rod passes through the two ends of the limit rod, a plurality of gear slots arranged side by side are provided on the top of the installation shell, the limit rod is stuck in the gear slot, and the plurality of gear slots are staggered in height.

[0006] Preferably, the swing arm is installed on the sliding seat by means of rotational cooperation, the swing arm rotates coaxially with the sweeping brush, the elastic buffer component is a torsion spring, and the torsion spring is installed on the swing arm and the sliding seat; a sliding rod is installed on the other end of the swing arm, the two ends of the clamping roller are chamfered, the clamping roller moves on the sliding rod, and buffer springs are sleeved on the sliding rods at both ends of the clamping roller.

[0007] Preferably, a feeding assembly is arranged above the lower hopper of the primary soil covering mechanism and the secondary soil covering mechanism, the feeding assembly comprises a mixing bucket, a conveyor belt and a screening assembly, the mixing bucket is installed on the ground through supporting legs, a mixing blade is installed in the mixing bucket, a conveyor belt is arranged at the bottom of the mixing bucket, a partition plate is arranged on the conveyor belt, the top of the partition plate is in contact with the bottom of the mixing bucket, a lifting belt is arranged below the conveyor belt, a screening assembly is arranged between the lifting belt and the conveyor belt, the screening assembly comprises a mesh screen and a crank-rocker mechanism, wherein a placing frame is installed above the lifting belt, a plurality of groups of rollers placed on the top of the placing frame are arranged at the bottom of the mesh screen, rollers for clamping both sides of the mesh screen are installed on the placing frame, a crank-rocker mechanism is installed between the placing frame and the mesh screen, the mesh screen is reciprocated by the crank-rocker mechanism, and the crank-rocker mechanism and the lifting belt are driven.

[0008] Preferably, a uniform-speed feeding belt is arranged below the lower hopper of the primary soil covering mechanism and the secondary soil covering mechanism, and there is a height difference between the lower hopper and the top of the feeding belt, so that the matrix soil of a fixed thickness is transported on the feeding belt.

[0009] Preferably, water supply pipes are provided at both ends of the water application pipe. The two ends of the water supply pipe are connected to a water pump. The two ends of the water application pipe are butted against the water supply pipes on both sides. The water application pipe is in sliding fit with the water supply pipes. A reciprocating spring is sleeved between the water application pipe and the water supply pipes. A translation rod is provided above one end of the water application pipe. A rotating shaft driven by a motor is provided on one side of the translation rod. A plurality of cams are installed on the rotating shaft. The translation rod contacts the outer wall of the cam, so as to realize the translation of the water application pipe; A water receiving trough is provided below the conveying track, and the water receiving trough is located below the water application pipe.

[0010] Preferably, a cutting assembly is provided on the conveying track. The film is cut off by the cutting assembly. The cutting assembly includes a detection assembly, a lifting cutting knife and a bearing plate. The detection assembly is an infrared pair sensor. The detection assembly is located on both sides of the seedling tray. When the detection assembly is located between the seedling trays, the detection assembly is triggered. A cylinder is installed at the bottom of the lifting cutting knife. The cylinder block of the cylinder is installed on the conveying track. The lifting and lowering of the lifting cutting knife is realized by the telescopic movement of the cylinder. A bearing plate spanning above the seedling tray is installed on the conveying track. The lifting cutting knife rises and contacts the bottom of the bearing plate, thus completing the cutting.

[0011] Preferably, a sowing housing is provided below the sowing hopper. The sowing wheel is installed on the sowing housing. A roller and a cleaning roller are installed on the sowing housing. The roller and the cleaning roller are in contact with the outer shell of the sowing wheel. The roller and the cleaning roller are driven by a motor. The feeding port of the sowing hopper is located between the roller and the cleaning roller; An arc plate fitting the outer wall of the sowing wheel is provided on the outer wall of the sowing wheel. The starting end and the tail end of the arc plate are respectively located on one side of the cleaning roller and the lowest end of the sowing wheel. An annular groove is provided on one end face of the sowing wheel. A plurality of air holes are opened on the sowing wheel. An air spraying hole is opened at the bottom of each sowing groove. The air spraying hole is communicated with the air hole. The air hole is communicated with the annular groove. A slider is clamped in the annular groove. The slider passes through an air pipe docked with the air hole. The air pipe is docked with an air pump.

[0012] Preferably, a stacking assembly is provided at the end of the conveying track. The stacking assembly includes a lifting assembly and a swinging bracket. Among them, a lifting assembly is provided below the end of the conveying track. The lifting assembly is a lifting plate. A first hydraulic cylinder is provided between the lifting plate and the conveying track. A plurality of upwardly extending mounting seats are provided on both sides of the conveying track. A swinging bracket is hinged inside the mounting seats. A limiting support plate is installed on the mounting plate. When the swinging bracket is horizontal, the bottom of the swinging bracket presses on the limiting support plate to prevent the swinging bracket from swinging downward; A second hydraulic cylinder is installed on the conveying track. A fixing seat is installed on the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder. A lifting support plate is installed on the fixing seat in a sliding fit manner. A third hydraulic cylinder is provided between the lifting support plate and the fixing seat.

[0013] The advantages of the present invention are as follows: It realizes the automatic sowing of seedling trays, and no manual operation is required during the sowing of seedling trays. In this way, while improving efficiency, it also reduces labor costs and is applicable to the large-scale sowing of seedling trays. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a top view of the first half of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a top view of the second half of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the leveling component and the pressing roller of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the sliding seat and the leveling brush of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the sowing mechanism of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the sowing wheel and the annular groove of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the sowing wheel of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the watering mechanism of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the cutting mechanism of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 10 It is a cross-sectional view of the leveling component and the pressing roller of the present invention Among them, 1. Conveyor track, 2. Film covering mechanism, 3. Reel, 4. Pressing roller, 5. Primary soil covering mechanism, 6. Sprinkling mechanism, 7. Water application pipe, 8. Spraying holes, 9. Water supply pipe, 10. Reciprocating spring, 11. Translation rod, 12. Rotating shaft, 13. Cam, 14. Water receiving tank, 15. Point sowing mechanism, 16. Sowing hopper, 17. Sowing wheel, 18. Sowing groove, 19. Sowing housing, 20. Roller, 21. Cleaning roller, 22. Arc plate, 23. Annular groove, 24. Air passing hole, 25. Air spraying hole, 26. Slide block, 27. Air pipe, 28. Secondary soil covering mechanism, 29. Feeding hopper, 30. Pressing roller, 31. Swing arm, 32. Elastic buffer assembly, 33. Sliding rod, 34. Buffer spring, 35. Levelling assembly, 36. Installation housing, 37. Levelling brush, 38. Sliding seat, 39. Height adjustment assembly, 40. Adjusting rod, 41. Gear slot, 42. Limiting rod, 43. Rotating piece, 44. Traction spring, 46. Feeding assembly, 47. Stirring hopper, 48. Stirring blade, 49. Conveyor belt, 50. Spacer, 51. Screening assembly, 52. Screen, 53. Crank rocker mechanism, 54. Lifting belt, 55. Placing rack, 56. Roller, 57. Feeding belt, 58. Cutting assembly, 59. Detection assembly, 60. Lifting cutting knife, 61. Bearing plate, 62. Stacking assembly, 63. Jacking assembly, 64. Jacking plate, 65. Swing bracket, 66. Mounting seat, 67. Limiting support plate, 68. Fixed seat, 69. Lifting support plate. Detailed implementation manners

[0024] Now, in combination with the attached drawings, the present invention will be further described.

[0025] As Figures 1-10 shown, an automatic sowing mechanism for a seedling tray includes a conveyor track 1, a film covering mechanism 2, a primary soil covering mechanism 5, a sprinkling mechanism 6, a point sowing mechanism 15 and a secondary soil covering mechanism 28. Among them, the film covering mechanism 2, the primary soil covering mechanism 5, the sprinkling mechanism 6, the point sowing mechanism 15 and the secondary soil covering mechanism 28 are sequentially installed on the conveyor track 1 from right to left. The conveyor track 1 is composed of two frames and rollers. A plurality of rollers arranged side by side are installed on the two frames through bearings. The rollers are driven by a motor. A belt body is sleeved on the rollers. The belt body is in multiple segments. The rollers tension the bag body, and the rollers drive the bag body to be conveyed. The seedling tray is placed on the belt body for conveyance. The seedling tray is placed on the conveyor track 1 for conveyance. The staff only needs to place the empty seedling tray on the belt body and convey it to the right, so that the seedling tray sequentially completes film covering, primary soil covering, water application, point sowing and secondary soil covering; The film covering mechanism 2 includes a reel 3 and a pressure roller 4. A screen mesh is wound around the reel 3. A column for placing the reel 3 is installed above the conveying track 1 by means of bolt fastening. An arc-shaped groove is opened at the top of the column. The reel 3 is placed on the top of the column for rotation. A pressure roller 4 is installed on the conveying track 1. Both ends of the pressure roller 4 are installed on the frame of the conveying track 1 through bearings and bearing seats. The pressure roller 4 is located below the reel 3. The pressure roller 4 presses on the top of the seedling tray. When the screen mesh unreeled from the working reel 3 is wound around the pressure roller 4, the screen mesh covers the top of the seedling tray. The screen mesh has elasticity. When the soil layer is placed on the screen mesh, the screen mesh fits with the bottom of the seedling tray. The screen mesh can prevent the roots and soil from passing through the water holes at the bottom of the seedling tray.

[0026] Both the first soil covering mechanism 5 and the second soil covering mechanism 28 are hoppers 29. Columns are fixed to the outer wall of the hopper 29 by bolts. For the soil covering of the first soil covering mechanism 5, the bottom of the column is installed on the frame of the conveying track 1 by bolts. Substrate soil is placed in the hopper 29. The substrate soil in the hopper 29 is discharged into the seedling tray through the holes at the bottom of the discharge hopper. When the seedling tray moves below the hopper 29, the hopper 29 continuously discharges downward. In this way, the soil discharged from the hopper 29 falls into the seedling tray. As the seedling tray moves, the hopper 29 discharges soil. In this way, the substrate soil is spread flat in the seedling tray; for the soil covering of the second soil covering mechanism 28, the seedling tray with the sown cereal seeds passes through below the hopper 29 of the second soil covering mechanism 28, and the substrate soil is spread flat and covers the cereal seeds, thus realizing the second soil covering.

[0027] The watering mechanism 6 is a plurality of water application pipes 7 horizontally arranged above the conveying track 1. The plurality of water application pipes 7 are connected and communicated with a water pump through pipes. In this way, water is pumped into the water application pipes 7 by the water pump. Spray holes 8 are opened at the bottom of each water application pipe 7. The water in the water application pipes 7 is sprayed out through the spray holes 8. In this way, the substrate soil in the seedling tray is watered. Since there are intervals between the spray holes 8 and the radiation area of the spray holes 8 is relatively small, each water application pipe 7 can be translated back and forth, and the spray holes 8 also move back and forth to ensure that the substrate soil can be sprayed with water, thus ensuring the uniformity of water application; The seeding mechanism 15 includes a seed hopper and a seeding wheel 17. Cereal seeds are placed in the seed hopper. A discharge hole is opened at the bottom of the seed hopper. A seeding wheel 17 is arranged below the seed hopper. The cereal seeds discharged from the seed hopper fall onto the seeding wheel 17. Sowing grooves 18 for placing the cereal seeds are opened on the circumferential outer wall of the seeding wheel 17. The cereal seeds on the seeding wheel 17 are stuck into the sowing grooves 18. Through the rotation of the seeding wheel 17, when the sowing groove 18 rotates to the lower part of the seeding wheel 17, the sowing groove 18 drops the seeds onto the seedling tray. Through the rotation of the seeding wheel 17, the cereal seeds are sown onto the seedling tray, thus realizing sowing; Pressing rollers 30 are provided on both the first soil covering mechanism 5 and the conveying track 1 at the rear side of the second soil covering mechanism 28. Swing arms 31 are installed on the pressing rollers 30, and the up-and-down swing of the pressing rollers 30 is achieved through the swing arms 31. Elastic buffer components 32 are provided on the swing arms 31, and the swing arms 31 are pressed downward through the elastic buffer components 32. The substrate soil is gently pressed by the pressing rollers 30, and the top surface of the substrate soil is leveled. The substrate soil directly falling from the hopper 29 into the seedling tray is relatively fluffy, so the water retention effect is relatively poor. At the same time, the root system is likely to squeeze the substrate soil upward, so the substrate soil is easily lifted. In this application, the substrate soil is gently pressed by the pressing rollers 30, which can avoid the substrate soil from being too fluffy. At the same time, the pressing rollers 30 gently press the substrate soil through the elastic buffer components 32, which also avoids pressing the substrate soil too tightly and affecting the growth of the seedlings.

[0028] A leveling component 35 is provided on the conveying track 1 on the left side of the first soil covering mechanism 5 and the second soil covering mechanism 28. The leveling component 35 levels the substrate soil in the seedling tray to ensure the flatness of the surface of the substrate soil. The leveling component 35 includes an installation housing 36, a leveling brush 37 and a height adjustment component 39. The installation housing 36 covers the conveying track 1 and is fixed to the conveying track 1 by bolts. A leveling brush 37 erected above the conveying track 1 is installed in the installation housing 36. Lifting chutes are formed on the outer walls of the front and rear sides of the installation housing 36, and a sliding seat 38 for lifting is embedded in the lifting chutes. Both ends of the leveling brush 37 are installed on the sliding seat 38 through bearings. The height of the leveling brush 37 is adjusted by the lifting of the sliding seat 38. The excess substrate soil will be swept out of the substrate soil to ensure the amount of substrate soil in the seedling tray. One end of the leveling brush 37 is welded to the output shaft of the motor, so as to realize the rotation of the leveling brush 37. A height adjustment component 39 is provided between the top of the installation housing 36 and the sliding seat 38. The height of the sliding seat 38 is adjusted through the height adjustment component 39, and correspondingly, the height of the leveling brush 37 is also adjusted. The height adjustment component 39 includes an adjustment rod 40, a gear slot 41 and a limit rod 42. A rotating piece 43 is installed on the outer wall of the sliding seat 38, and a round hole is formed in the rotating piece 43. A rotating shaft is fixed to the sliding seat 38 by welding, and the rotating shaft passes through the round hole in the rotating piece 43, so that the rotating piece 43 rotates around the rotating shaft. A traction spring 44 is fixed between the rotating piece 43 and the conveying track 1 by means of bolt fastening. The rotating piece 43 is returned by the traction spring 44. A through hole for the adjustment rod 40 to pass through is formed at the top of the rotating piece 43. The adjustment rod 40 is a lead screw. Two nuts that are threadedly engaged with the lead screw are sleeved on the adjustment rod 40, and the two nuts clamp the rotating piece 43. The adjustment rod 40 passes through both ends of the limit rod 42, and two nuts that are threadedly engaged with the adjustment rod 40 are also sleeved on the adjustment rod 40, and the two nuts clamp the limit rod 42. A plate extending upward is fixed to the top of the installation housing 36 by welding, and a plurality of gear slots 41 arranged side by side are formed in the plate. The limit rod 42 is stuck in the gear slot 41. The plurality of gear slots 41 are staggered in height. By sticking the limit rod 42 in the gear slots 41 at different heights, the height of the leveling brush 37 is adjusted.

[0029] One end of the swing arm 31 is mounted on the sliding seat 38 through a bearing, so as to realize the swing of the swing arm 31. The swing arm 31 rotates coaxially with the leveling brush 37. The elastic buffer assembly 32 is a torsion spring, and the torsion spring is fixed on the swing arm 31 and the sliding seat 38 by welding, so that the torsion spring swings the swing arm 31 downward; A sliding rod 33 is fixed on the other end of the swing arm 31 by welding. Chamfers are provided at both ends of the pressing roller 30, and through holes for the sliding rod 33 to extend into are opened at both ends of the pressing roller 30. The sliding rod 33 extends into the pressing roller 30, and the pressing roller 30 moves back and forth on the sliding rod 33. Buffer springs 34 are sleeved on the sliding rods 33 at both ends of the pressing roller 30, and the buffer springs 34 abut against the ends of the pressing roller 30. When the seedling tray deviates from the pressing roller 30, the pressing roller 30 cannot press the soil in the seedling tray. When the chamfer of the pressing roller 30 presses against the edge of the seedling tray, the pressing roller 30 can move back and forth, so that the pressing roller 30 makes an adaptive adjustment, and the pressing roller 30 presses the soil in the seedling tray.

[0030] Above the hopper 29 of the primary soil covering mechanism 5 and the secondary soil covering mechanism 28, a feeding assembly 46 is provided. The feeding assembly 46 includes a mixing hopper 47, a conveyor belt 49 and a screening assembly 51. Support legs are installed on the outer wall of the mixing hopper 47 by bolts, and the support legs are installed on the ground by bolts. Mixing blades 48 are installed in the mixing hopper 47, and the mixing blades 48 are driven to rotate by a motor. A variety of soils and fertilizers are poured into the mixing hopper 47 for mixing to form substrate soil. At the bottom of the mixing hopper 47, there is a conveyor belt 49. Two oppositely arranged mounting frames are fixed at the bottom of the mixing hopper 47 by bolting. A roller is installed between the mounting frames through bearings, and the conveyor belt 49 is sleeved on the roller. The roller is driven by a motor. There is a notch at the bottom of the mixing hopper 47, and the substrate soil at the bottom of the mixing hopper 47 directly falls onto the conveyor belt 49. A spacer 50 is fixed on the conveyor belt 49 by bolts, and baffles extending upward are fixed on the mounting frames on both sides of the conveyor belt 49. The top of the spacer 50 contacts the bottom of the mixing hopper 47. When the conveyor belt 49 stops conveying, the spacer 50 and the baffle limit the feeding. When the upper conveyor belt 49 moves, it takes away the substrate soil unloaded onto the conveyor belt 49. A lifting belt 54 is arranged below the left end of the conveyor belt 49, and the substrate soil on the conveyor belt 49 falls onto the lifting belt 54. The lifting belt 54 is an inclined upwardly arranged conveyor belt 49. The lifting belt 54 conveys the substrate soil on the conveyor belt 49 into the hopper 29. A screening assembly 51 is arranged between the lifting belt 54 and the conveyor belt 49. The screening assembly 51 includes a screen 52 and a crank-rocker mechanism 53. Among them, a placement rack 55 is installed above the lifting belt 54 by bolting. The rear end of the placement rack 55 slopes downward, and the front end of the lifting belt 54 slopes upward. A plurality of rollers 56 placed on the top of the placement rack 55 are installed at the bottom of the screen 52 through bearings, and rollers 56 for clamping both sides of the screen 52 are installed on the placement rack 55 through bearings. In this way, through the two groups of rollers 56, the screen 52 can only move back and forth along the placement rack 55. A crank-rocker mechanism 53 is installed between the placement rack 55 and the screen 52. The pressing rod of the crank-rocker mechanism 53 is hinged to the front end of the screen 52. The crank of the crank-rocker mechanism 53 is welded to the shaft. A sprocket is fixed on the output shaft of the motor driving the lifting belt 54 by welding, and a sprocket is also fixed on the shaft driving the crank-rocker mechanism 53 by welding. The two sprockets are driven by a chain. The reciprocating movement of the screen 52 is realized through the crank-rocker mechanism 53. The crank-rocker mechanism 53 is driven by the lifting belt 54. The substrate soil is screened through the reciprocating movement of the screen 52. The small-particle substrate soil falls into the lifting belt 54 and is lifted into the hopper 29, and at the same time, the large-particle substrate soil is sorted out.

[0031] A uniform feeding belt 57 is arranged below the hopper 29 of the primary soil covering mechanism 5 and the secondary soil covering mechanism 28. The feeding belt 57 is sleeved on multiple rollers. Plates are fixed between the outer walls on the front and rear sides of the hopper 29 and the conveying track 1 by means of bolts. The rollers are installed on the plates through bearings and are driven by motors. There is a height difference between the hopper 29 and the top of the feeding belt 57, so that the substrate soil falling from the hopper 29 onto the feeding belt 57 is in a flat form. In this way, the substrate soil with a quantitative thickness is conveyed on the feeding belt 57, which is convenient for spreading the substrate soil into the seedling tray.

[0032] Water supply pipes 9 are fixed on the conveying track 1 at the front and rear ends of the water application pipe 7 by bolts. Both ends of the water supply pipes 9 are connected to a water pump through pipes. Both ends of the water application pipe 7 are butted with the water supply pipes 9 on both sides. The water application pipe 7 and the water supply pipes 9 are in sliding fit. The water application pipe 7 is a thick pipe and the water supply pipes 9 are thin pipes. The outer walls of the water supply pipes 9 are in contact with the outer wall of the water application pipe 7. The water supply pipes 9 are inserted into both ends of the water application pipe 7. In this way, the water application pipe 7 slides back and forth on the water supply pipes 9. A reciprocating spring 10 is sleeved between the water application pipe 7 and the water supply pipes 9, and the water application pipe 7 is returned to its original position through the reciprocating spring 10. A translation rod 11 extending upward is fixed above the rear end of the water application pipe 7 by means of bolts. A rotating shaft 12 driven by a motor is installed on the top of the conveying track 1 behind the translation rod 11 through a bearing and a bearing seat. A plurality of cams 13 are fixed on the rotating shaft 12 by welding. The plurality of cams 13 are arranged in a staggered manner (intersecting and staggering). The translation rod 11 is in contact with the outer wall of the cams 13. When the cams 13 rotate, the cams 13 push the translation rod 11 to move back and forth, so as to realize the forward and backward translation of the water application pipe 7; A water receiving tank 14 is fixed on the ground below the conveying track 1 by bolts. The water receiving tank 14 is located below the water application pipe 7. The water flowing down from the seedling tray is received by the water receiving tank 14. The water receiving pipe is connected to a water source through a pipe, so as to realize the recycling of water.

[0033] A cutting component 58 is fixed on the conveying track 1 by means of bolt fastening. The film is cut off by the cutting component 58. The cutting component 58 includes a detection component 59, a lifting cutting knife 60 and a bearing plate 61. The detection component 59 is an infrared pair sensor (model: E3F-D20C1L). The detection component 59 is located on the front and rear sides of the seedling tray. There is a gap of 1 to 2 cm when the seedling tray is being conveyed. When the detection component 59 is located between the seedling trays, the detection component 59 is triggered by opposite radiation. A cylinder is installed at the bottom of the lifting cutting knife 60. The belt on the conveying track 1 gives way to the lifting cutting knife 60. The cylinder block of the cylinder is installed on the conveying track 1 by bolts. The lifting of the lifting cutting knife 60 is realized by the expansion and contraction of the cylinder. A bearing plate 61 spanning above the seedling tray is installed on the conveying track 1 by means of bolt fastening. The lifting cutting knife 60 rises and contacts the bottom of the bearing plate 61, thus completing the cutting. The detection component 59 is connected to the input end of the PLC controller. The cylinder is connected to the air compressor through a solenoid valve. The solenoid valve is connected to the output end of the PLC controller. When the detection component 59 is triggered, the PLC monitors and controls the cylinder to lift and complete the cutting of the gauze net, and at the same time, the cylinder quickly retracts.

[0034] Below the seeding hopper 16, a seeding outer shell 19 is fixed by welding. The bottom of the seeding outer shell 19 is fixed on the conveying track 1 by bolts. The seeding wheel 17 is installed on the seeding outer shell 19 through bearings. A roller 20 and a cleaning roller 21 are installed on the seeding outer shell 19 through bearings. In this way, the roller 20, the cleaning roller 21 on the seeding wheel 17 and the seeding wheel 17 form an interval for storing cereal seeds. Among them, the roller 20 and the cleaning roller 21 are in contact with the outer shell of the seeding wheel 17. The roller 20 and the cleaning roller 21 are driven by a motor. The feeding port of the seeding hopper 16 is located between the roller 20 and the cleaning roller 21. In this way, the cereal seeds in the seeding hopper 16 are fed between the roller 20, the cleaning roller 21 and the seeding wheel 17; An arc-shaped plate 22 that fits the outer wall of the seeding wheel 17 is arranged on the outer wall of the seeding wheel 17. The arc-shaped plate 22 is fixed on the seeding outer shell 19 by bolts. The starting end and the ending end of the arc-shaped plate 22 are respectively located on one side of the cleaning roller 21 and the lowest end of the seeding wheel 17. In this way, it is avoided that the cereal seeds are separated from the seeding groove 18 during conveying. An annular groove 23 is opened on one end face of the seeding wheel 17. A plurality of air holes 24 distributed in an annular array are opened on the seeding wheel 17. An air jet hole 25 is opened at the bottom of each seeding groove 18. The air jet hole 25 is communicated with the air hole 24. The air hole 24 is communicated with the annular groove 23. A slider 26 that slides in the annular groove 23 is clamped in the annular groove 23. A trachea 27 that is docked with the air hole 24 passes through the slider 26. The trachea 27 is docked with an air pump. Since the cleaning roller 21 is in contact with the outer wall of the seeding wheel 17, only the cereal seeds in the seeding groove 18 will not be cleaned out. In this way, multiple seeds are clamped in each seeding groove 18. When the seeds rotate with the seeding wheel 17, when the seeds are conveyed to directly below the seeding wheel 17, the seeds directly fall into the seedling tray. When the seeds of the present application rotate to the lowest part of the seeding wheel 17, air is jetted through the air jet hole 25 of the seeding groove 18 being communicated with the air pump. The gas in the air hole 24 flushes the seeds onto the substrate soil. In this way, the seeds are directly clamped into the soil, and thus the amount of secondary soil covering can be reduced.

[0035] At the left end of the conveying track 1, a stacking component 62 is provided. The stacking component 62 includes a lifting component 63 and a swing bracket 65. Among them, the lifting component 63 is arranged below the end of the conveying track 1. The lifting component 63 is the lifting plate 64. A first hydraulic cylinder is fixed between the lifting plate 64 and the conveying track 1 by means of bolt fastening. The lifting of the first hydraulic cylinder causes the lifting plate 64 to rise. The lifting plate 64 jacks the seedling tray upward to separate it from the conveying track 1. A plurality of upward-extending mounting seats 66 are fixed on both the front and rear sides of the conveying track 1 by means of bolt fastening. The plurality of mounting seats 66 are arranged oppositely. A swing bracket 65 is hinged inside the mounting seat 66. A limiting support plate 67 is fixed on the mounting plate by welding. When the swing bracket 65 is horizontal, the bottom of the swing bracket 65 presses on the limiting support plate 67 to prevent the swing bracket 65 from swinging downward. When the jacking lifts the seedling tray upward, the seedling tray is jacked upward, so that the swing bracket 65 swings outward to make way. When the seedling tray is higher than the swing bracket 65, the swing bracket 65 returns to the horizontal position, and the seedling tray is placed on the swing bracket 65. A second hydraulic cylinder is installed on the conveying track 1 by means of bolt fastening. A fixed seat 68 is installed on the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder by welding. A lifting support plate 69 is installed on the fixed seat 68 by means of sliding fit. The lifting support plate 69 passes through the fixed seat 68 and slides on the fixed seat 68. A third hydraulic cylinder is fixed between the lifting support plate 69 and the fixed seat 68 by means of bolt fastening. The translation of the lifting support plate 69 is realized through the third hydraulic cylinder. When a seedling tray is placed on the swing bracket 65, the lifting plate 64 continues to lift, and the swing bracket 65 swings upward to make way for the seedling tray. When there are relatively many seedling trays placed on the swing bracket 65, when the swing bracket 65 swings upward, the swing bracket 65 is likely to damage the bottom of the seedling tray. In this application, before the lifting plate 64 jacks up, the third hydraulic cylinder retracts to make way for the seedling tray, the second hydraulic cylinder retracts, the lifting support plate 69 is lower than the swing bracket 65, the third hydraulic cylinder jacks up, the lifting bracket is located below the seedling tray placed on the swing bracket 65, and the second hydraulic cylinder jacks up, so that the seedling tray is separated from the swing bracket 65. In this way, when the lifting plate 64 jacks up the seedling tray, the situation where the swing bracket 65 damages the seedling tray will not occur.

Claims

1. An automatic seeding mechanism for a seedling tray, comprising a conveying track, a film covering mechanism, a primary soil covering mechanism, a watering mechanism, a dibbling mechanism and a secondary soil covering mechanism. The film covering mechanism, the primary soil covering mechanism, the watering mechanism, the dibbling mechanism and the secondary soil covering mechanism are sequentially arranged above the conveying track. The seedling tray is placed on the conveying track for conveyance, so that the seedling tray sequentially completes film covering, primary soil covering, watering, dibbling and secondary soil covering; It is characterized in that The film covering mechanism includes a reel and a pressing roller. A screen mesh is wound around the reel. A column for placing the reel is installed above the conveying track. A pressing roller is installed on the conveying track. The pressing roller is located below the reel and presses on the top of the seedling tray; Both the primary soil covering mechanism and the secondary soil covering mechanism are hoppers. Substrate soil is placed in the hoppers, and the substrate soil in the hoppers is directly discharged into the seedling tray; The watering mechanism is a plurality of water supply pipes horizontally arranged above the conveying track. Spraying holes are opened at the bottom of each water supply pipe. Each water supply pipe can be translated, so as to ensure the uniformity of watering; The dibbling mechanism includes a seed hopper and a seeding wheel. A seeding wheel is arranged below the seed hopper. Sowing grooves for placing seeds are opened on the circumferential outer wall of the seeding wheel. The seeds are sown into the seedling tray by the rotation of the seeding wheel; Pressing rollers are arranged on the conveying track on one side of the primary soil covering mechanism and the secondary soil covering mechanism. A swing arm is installed on the pressing roller. An elastic buffer assembly is arranged on the swing arm. The substrate soil is gently pressed by the pressing roller, and the top surface of the substrate soil is leveled.

2. The automatic seeding mechanism of a seedling tray according to claim 1, characterized in that, A leveling assembly is arranged on the conveying track on one side of the primary soil covering mechanism and the secondary soil covering mechanism. The leveling assembly includes an installation housing, a leveling brush and a height adjustment assembly. The installation housing covers the conveying track. A leveling brush is installed in the installation housing. A lifting sliding groove is opened on the installation housing. A sliding seat for lifting is embedded in the lifting sliding groove. Both ends of the leveling brush are installed on the sliding seat. One end of the leveling brush is docked with a motor. A height adjustment assembly is arranged between the top of the installation housing and the sliding seat. The height adjustment assembly includes an adjustment rod, a gear slot and a limiting rod. A rotating piece is installed on the outer wall of the sliding seat. A traction spring is arranged between the rotating piece and the conveying track. A through hole for the adjustment rod to pass through is arranged at the top of the rotating piece. The adjustment rod is a lead screw. Two nuts are arranged on the adjustment rod and clamp the rotating piece. The adjustment rod passes through both ends of the limiting rod. A plurality of gear slots arranged side by side are arranged at the top of the installation housing. The limiting rod is stuck in the gear slot, and the plurality of gear slots are staggered in height.

3. The automatic seeding mechanism of a seedling tray according to claim 2, characterized in that, The swing arm is installed on the sliding seat in a rotationally matching manner. The swing arm and the leveling brush rotate coaxially. The elastic buffer assembly is a torsion spring, which is installed on the swing arm and the sliding seat; A sliding rod is installed on the other end of the swing arm. Both ends of the pressing roller are chamfered. The pressing roller moves on the sliding rod. Buffer springs are sleeved on the sliding rods at both ends of the pressing roller.

4. The automatic seeding mechanism of a seedling tray according to claim 3, characterized in that, Above the hoppers of the primary soil covering mechanism and the secondary soil covering mechanism, there is a feeding assembly, which includes a mixing hopper, a conveyor belt and a screening assembly. The mixing hopper is installed on the ground through support legs. Inside the mixing hopper, there are mixing blades. At the bottom of the mixing hopper, there is a conveyor belt. On the conveyor belt, there are spacer plates. The top of the spacer plates contacts the bottom of the mixing hopper. Below the conveyor belt, there is a lifting belt. Between the lifting belt and the conveyor belt, there is a screening assembly, which includes a screen and a crank-rocker mechanism. Above the lifting belt, there is a placement rack. At the bottom of the screen, there are multiple rollers placed on the top of the placement rack. On the placement rack, there are rollers for clamping both sides of the screen. Between the placement rack and the screen, there is a crank-rocker mechanism. Through the crank-rocker mechanism, the screen moves reciprocally, and the crank-rocker mechanism is in transmission with the lifting belt.

5. The automatic seeding mechanism of a seedling tray according to claim 4, characterized in that, Below the hoppers of the primary soil covering mechanism and the secondary soil covering mechanism, there is a uniformly moving feeding belt. There is a height difference between the hoppers and the top of the feeding belt, so that the substrate soil with a quantitative thickness is conveyed on the feeding belt.

6. The automatic seeding mechanism of a seedling tray according to claim 5, characterized in that, At both ends of the water application pipe, there are water supply pipes. The two ends of the water supply pipes are connected to a water pump. The two ends of the water application pipe are butted with the water supply pipes on both sides. The water application pipe and the water supply pipes are in sliding fit. Between the water application pipe and the water supply pipes, there is a reciprocating spring. Above one end of the water application pipe, there is a translation rod. On one side of the translation rod, there is a rotating shaft driven by a motor. On the rotating shaft, there are multiple cams. The translation rod contacts the outer wall of the cams, so as to realize the translation of the water application pipe; below the conveying track, there is a water receiving trough, and the water receiving trough is located below the water application pipe.

7. The automatic seeding mechanism of a seedling tray according to claim 6, characterized in that, On the conveying track, there is a cutting assembly. The film is cut off by the cutting assembly. The cutting assembly includes a detection assembly, a lifting cutting knife and a bearing plate. The detection assembly is an infrared pair sensor. The detection assembly is located on both sides of the seedling tray. When the detection assembly is located between the seedling trays, the detection assembly is triggered. At the bottom of the lifting cutting knife, there is a cylinder. The cylinder body of the cylinder is installed on the conveying track. The lifting and lowering of the lifting cutting knife is realized through the telescoping of the cylinder. On the conveying track, there is a bearing plate erected above the seedling tray. The lifting cutting knife rises and contacts the bottom of the bearing plate, so as to complete the cutting.

8. The automatic seeding mechanism of a seedling tray according to claim 7, characterized in that, Below the sowing hopper, there is a sowing housing. The sowing wheel is installed on the sowing housing. On the sowing housing, there are rollers and cleaning rollers. The rollers and the cleaning rollers contact the outer shell of the sowing wheel. The rollers and the cleaning rollers are driven by a motor. The feeding port of the sowing hopper is located between the rollers and the cleaning rollers; on the outer wall of the sowing wheel, there is an arc plate that fits the outer wall of the sowing wheel. The starting end and the ending end of the arc plate are respectively located on one side of the cleaning roller and the lowest end of the sowing wheel. On one end face of the sowing wheel, there is an annular groove. There are multiple air holes opened on the sowing wheel. At the bottom of each sowing groove, there is an air spraying hole. The air spraying hole is communicated with the air hole. The air hole is communicated with the annular groove. In the annular groove, there is a sliding block. The sliding block passes through an air pipe that is butted with the air hole. The air pipe is butted with an air pump.

9. The automatic seeding mechanism of a seedling tray according to claim 8, characterized in that, A stacking assembly is provided at the end of the conveying track. The stacking assembly includes a lifting assembly and a swing bracket. Among them, a lifting assembly, namely a lifting plate, is provided below the end of the conveying track. A first hydraulic cylinder is provided between the lifting plate and the conveying track. A plurality of mounting seats extending upward are provided on both sides of the conveying track. A swing bracket is hinged inside the mounting seats. A limiting support plate is installed on the mounting plate. When the swing bracket is horizontal, the bottom of the swing bracket presses on the limiting support plate to prevent the swing bracket from swinging downward. A second hydraulic cylinder is installed on the conveying track. A fixed seat is installed on the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder. A lifting support plate is installed on the fixed seat in a sliding fit manner. A third hydraulic cylinder is provided between the lifting support plate and the fixed seat.

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