High-yield cultivation method of muskmelon with thick skin in sand land in South China

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method for muskmelons in sand land in South China, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation and comprises the steps of preparation before cultivation, seedling raising, transplanting, field management and harvesting. The variety is a heat-resistant and moisture-resistant type with good resistance, and is matched with a steel pipe type multi-span greenhouse and an insect-proof net to create a suitable growth environment. The planting crop rotation of three crops in one year makes full use of resources. Water and fertilizer integrated irrigation is adopted, and water and fertilizer are accurately supplied. Fine management is conducted in the seedling raising link, and robust melon seedlings are cultivated. Details are emphasized during transplanting, and the survival rate is guaranteed. Field management is carried out according to the growth rule of muskmelons, precise regulation and control are carried out in all stages such as vine stretching, vine binding and branch pruning, and diseases and pests are specifically prevented and controlled. And timely harvesting after 35-44 days of maturation. The cultivation method has the advantages that the cultivation method adapts to the special environment in South China, diseases and insect pests are reduced, water and fertilizer are accurately supplied, plant growth and fruit development are promoted, the land resource utilization rate is increased, the yield and quality of the thick-skin muskmelons can be effectively improved, and good benefits are brought to farmer households.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and specifically discloses a high-yield cultivation method for thick-skinned melons in sandy soil in South China. Background Art

[0002] In South China, the sandy soil environment is unique, with high temperature, high humidity and low soil fertility, which brings many challenges to the cultivation of thick-skinned melons. The traditional cultivation methods for thick-skinned melons are difficult to adapt to the special climate and soil conditions of sandy soil in South China, resulting in unsatisfactory yield and quality.

[0003] On the one hand, in South China, it is hot and rainy in summer, and thick-skinned melons are easily invaded by various diseases and pests. Common varieties have insufficient heat resistance, humidity resistance and resistance, making it difficult to ensure the healthy growth of plants. On the other hand, sandy soil has poor water and fertilizer retention capacity. Ordinary irrigation and fertilization methods cannot meet the growth needs of melons, and it is easy to cause fertilizer waste and environmental pollution. At the same time, in key links such as seedling raising, transplanting and field management, there are lack of targeted technical measures, resulting in poor growth and development of melons and poor fruit quality. However, there are few soil nematodes, which is of great significance for the cultivation of off-season thick-skinned melons.

[0004] Therefore, a high-yield cultivation method for thick-skinned melons in sandy soil in South China is needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-yield cultivation method for thick-skinned melons in sandy soil in South China.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A high-yield cultivation method for thick-skinned melons in sandy soil in South China, comprising the following steps: (1) Preparation before cultivation: S1. Variety selection: Select thick-skinned melon varieties with heat resistance, humidity resistance, good resistance and wide adaptability; S2. Greenhouse planning: Adopt a steel pipe multi-span greenhouse with a width of 3.5 m, covered with light blue plastic film. Insect-proof nets are set around and on the top of each multi-span greenhouse, and the spacing between greenhouses is 0.65 m; S3. Planting season: Start planting from July to September, and three crops of melons can be planted from July to October, October to January, and January to April; S4. Irrigation and drainage: Adopt the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation method; S5. Soil preparation and fertilization: Weeding work is carried out before sowing, generally using glufosinate or glyphosate; before planting, pest control work in the greenhouse should be carried out; Spread 6-8 bags of bio-organic fertilizer or one ton of sheep manure and 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer; first plow the land, then dig trenches and spread fertilizer, and finally plow the land and build ridges to loosen the soil and mix the fertilizer evenly; finally plow the land and build ridges with a ridge width of 65-70cm and a ridge distance of 1m; after building ridges, install drip irrigation belts and test water; cover the ground with film, and choose silver-black film; (2) Seedling cultivation: S1. Sowing: Select thick-skinned melon varieties that are heat-resistant, moisture-resistant, and have good resistance and wide adaptability. Use commercial seedling soil as the seedling medium and use a 60-hole seedling tray. Select seeds with full grains and no shriveled, residual, or bad grains for sowing; S2. Management during the seedling raising period: Keep the soil moist from before emergence to when the cotyledons slightly expand; after the cotyledons slightly expand, the soil should be kept mainly dry and wet; Water in the morning and at noon on sunny days; Remove the covering after the seeds begin to break through the soil, and manually remove the seeds whose seed shells have not fallen off when the melon seedlings emerge from the soil. The best time is in the morning; One week after sowing, the seedling tray can be moved to disconnect the roots growing out of the hole tray from the seedbed to promote the growth of fibrous roots and cover the seedling raising soil; In the late stage of seedling raising, seaweed fertilizers are used to promote leaf photosynthesis, make the leaves green, and facilitate rooting; Tebuconazole, fenpropimorph, Amicid, etc. are used to prevent fungal diseases, and copper hydroxide, spring thunder copper, and Zhongshengmycin are used to prevent bacterial diseases; Sulfoxaflor, spinetoram, avermectin phenylpropionate, and indoxacarb are used to control pests; (3) Transplanting: Water the ridges a few days before transplanting to avoid the sand being too loose when drilling holes, which will result in insufficient hole depth. Calculate the plant spacing according to the number of plants to be planted, and drill holes to determine the holes. Select melon seedlings with one leaf and one heart or two leaves and one heart for transplanting. The transplanting time should be after 3 pm. When transplanting, gently pinch the bottom of the hole tray, then gently lift the stem of the melon seedling, put it into the hole, cover it with soil, and cover it with 1 cm of seedling soil. After transplanting, immediately water the roots manually. The next day, use drip irrigation to fertilize the plants, and add rooting bucket fertilizer, such as seaweed and mineral-based potassium humate. At this time, rely on compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer to provide fertilizer for plant growth, and do not apply heavy fertilizer. (4) Field management: S1. Management during the seedling stage: Nitrogen is the main fertilizer in the early growth stage, and more organic fertilizers are applied. The planting method of 1 vine and 2 melons is adopted without pinching; S2. Management during the vine extension period: Use fluopyram for root irrigation, and apply potassium humate, amino acids, and trace elements; spray the leaves twice with calcium and boron-rich trace element fertilizers within 1 to 2 weeks before flowering; control water 4 to 5 days before flowering, and top the plants 2 to 4 days before flowering to force the plants to switch from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. At this time, the number of leaves of the plants reaches 24 to 26; S3. Vine tying: When the vine grows to 60 - 100 cm, carry out the first vine tying. Use nylon ropes to wind in the same direction. Vine tying should be done every 2 - 4 days to prevent the top from breaking. When the top reaches the height of the wire and the number of leaves reaches 24 - 26, stop vine tying. S4. Pruning: Remove the lateral buds on the main vine and all lateral branches with less than 10 leaves. The female flowers that appear on the lateral vines after the 10th leaf of the plant can be used as fruiting branches. When there are 2 fruits on 1 vine, 4 lateral vines need to be retained. S5. Topping: Top the main vine 4 - 6 leaves above the last fruit on the lateral vine. After removing the lateral buds, use mancozeb plus kasugamycin plus beta - cyfluthrin to prevent the spread of diseases. Before flowering, use zhongshengmycin plus pyraclostrobin plus dinotefuran for prevention. When thrips, whiteflies, or mites appear, use chlorfludiamide plus abamectin to kill whiteflies, use beta - cyfluthrin plus acetamiprid plus abamectin to kill thrips, and use bifenazate - etoxazole to kill mites. S6. Pollination: Mainly adopt artificial assisted pollination and supplemented by bee pollination. Artificial pollination needs to be completed within 3 - 4 hours after the male flower blooms. The temperature during pollination should not exceed 30 °C, as high temperature will reduce the activity of pollen. If hormone pollination is used, pollination needs to be carried out from one day before the female flower opens to one day after it blooms, and spray both sides of the small fruit with a sprayer. S7. Fruit swelling period: 4 - 5 days after pollination, carry out the operation of retaining fruits. Retain 2 fruits on 1 vine and select young fruits with normal development, bright color, slightly long fruit shape, and thick fruit stalks. Remove stunted fruits, diseased fruits, and deformed fruits. 4 - 12 days after pollination, which is the early swelling stage, gradually increase the supply of water and fertilizer. Supply calcium fertilizer and boron fertilizer, which are trace element fertilizers, to ensure the normal swelling of the fruit. From 8 days to 14 days after pollination, use nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. For 8 - 10 days, high nitrogen is helpful for the fruit to elongate. After the fruit elongates, switch to balanced fertilizer. 12 - 29 days after pollination, reduce the water consumption at this time and apply trace element fertilizers rich in calcium and boron. Stop using calcium fertilizer after 15 - 20 days. In the late swelling stage, carry out a pruning operation once during this period and remove the lateral branches. Regularly spray kasugamycin, kasugamycin copper, zhongshengmycin, thiazole zinc, and tetcyclacis to prevent bacterial diseases, and use mancozeb, thiophanate - methyl, and difenoconazole to prevent fungal diseases. (5)Harvesting: The ripening period of thick - skinned melons is 35 - 44 days, and harvest in time.

[0007] Specifically, in step (1), the irrigation and drainage are as follows: Drain water in time on rainy days; Apply water and fertilizer at 9 am on sunny days and water at 12 pm; Water once at 9 am on cloudy days. Do not apply fertilizer unless necessary, and the watering duration is 1 - 4 minutes.

[0008] Specifically, in step (1), the land preparation and fertilization are as follows: glyphosate is used one month before the first crop land preparation; glufosinate is used for weeding after the land is prepared and covered with plastic film for the second crop.

[0009] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Select thick-skinned melon varieties that are heat-resistant, moisture-resistant, have good resistance and wide adaptability, and are paired with steel pipe multi-span greenhouses and insect-proof nets. This not only adapts to the high temperature and high humidity climate in South China but also effectively blocks pests, reduces diseases and pests, creates a good environment for the growth of melons, and can improve the survival rate of melon seedlings.

[0010] 2. The unique cropping pattern of starting planting from July to September and having three crops a year makes full use of time and land resources, increases yield and income. The integration of water and fertilizer combined with a scientific irrigation and drainage plan accurately supplies water and nutrients, meets the needs of each growth stage of melons, and at the same time avoids waterlogging and fertilizer waste, effectively improving resource utilization efficiency.

[0011] 3. The standardized seedling raising process, from seed selection to seedling raising period management, such as manual removal of caps, promoting the growth of fibrous roots, targeted fertilization and pest and disease control, cultivates strong melon seedlings, laying a foundation for high yield.

[0012] 4. The detailed treatment in the transplanting link ensures the survival rate of melon seedlings. In each stage of field management, such as the seedling stage, vine stretching stage, vine tying, pruning, topping, etc., operations are accurately regulated according to the growth law of melons to promote plant growth and fruit development. At the same time, targeted pest and disease control measures reduce the losses caused by pests and diseases and ensure fruit quality and yield.

[0013] 5. The clear number of days to maturity guides timely harvesting, ensures the quality of melons, and avoids losses caused by overripening or untimely harvesting. Specific Embodiments

[0014] The following combines examples to further describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0015] The technical solutions described in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional solutions in the art; the reagents or materials, unless otherwise specified, are all from commercial channels.

[0016] A high-yield cultivation method for thick-skinned melons in sandy land in South China includes the following steps: (1) Preparation before cultivation: S1. Variety selection: Select thick-skinned melon varieties that are heat-resistant, moisture-resistant, have good resistance, and wide adaptability; S2. Greenhouse planning: Adopt a steel pipe multi-span greenhouse with a width of 3.5 m, covered with light blue plastic film, and insect-proof nets are set around and on the top of each multi-span greenhouse, and the distance between greenhouses is 0.65 m; S3. Planting rotation: Planting starts from July to September, and three melon crops can be planted from July to October, October to January, and January to April; S4. Irrigation and drainage: adopt the integrated irrigation method of water and fertilizer, and drain water in time on rainstorm days; apply water and fertilizer at 9 am and water at 12 pm on sunny days; apply water once at 9 am on cloudy days, and do not apply fertilizer unless necessary, and the duration of watering is 1-4 minutes; S5. Land preparation and fertilization: Weeding should be done before sowing, usually using glufosinate or glyphosate; pests and diseases should be eradicated in the greenhouse before planting; Spread 6-8 bags of bio-organic fertilizer or one ton of sheep manure and 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer; first plow the land, then dig furrows and spread fertilizer, and finally plow the land and make ridges to loosen the soil and mix the fertilizer evenly; finally plow the land and make ridges with a ridge width of 65-70cm and a ridge distance of 1m; after making ridges, install drip irrigation tape and test the water; cover the ground with film, and choose silver-black film.

[0017] (2) Seedling cultivation: S1. Sowing: Select heat-resistant, moisture-resistant, resistant and adaptable thick-skinned melon varieties. Use commercial seedling soil as the seedling medium and use a 60-hole seedling tray. Select seeds with full grains and no shriveled, residual or bad grains for sowing; S2. Management during the seedling raising period: Keep the soil moist from before emergence to when the cotyledons slightly expand; after the cotyledons slightly expand, the soil should be mainly a combination of wet and dry; Water in the morning and at noon on sunny days; Remove the covering after the seeds begin to break through the soil, and manually remove the caps of some seeds whose seed shells have not fallen off when the melon seedlings emerge from the soil. The best time is in the morning; The seedling tray can be moved one week after sowing to disconnect the roots growing out of the hole tray from the seedbed, promote the growth of fibrous roots, and cover the seedling raising soil; Use seaweed fertilizers in the later stage of seedling raising to promote leaf photosynthesis and rooting; Use tebuconazole, fenpropimorph, and amicid to prevent fungal diseases, and use copper hydroxide, spring thunder copper, and zhongshengmycin to prevent bacterial diseases; Use sulfoxaflor, spinetoram, avermectin phenylpropionate, and indoxacarb to control pests.

[0018] (3) Transplanting: Water the ridges a few days before transplanting to avoid the sand being too loose when drilling holes, which will result in insufficient hole depth. Calculate the plant spacing according to the number of plants to be planted, and drill holes to determine the holes. Select melon seedlings with one leaf and one heart or two leaves and one heart for transplanting. The transplanting time should be after 3 pm. When transplanting, gently pinch the bottom of the hole tray, then gently lift the stem of the melon seedling, place it in the hole, cover with soil, and cover with 1 cm of seedling soil. After transplanting, immediately water the roots manually. The next day, use drip irrigation to fertilize the soil and add rooting bucket fertilizer, such as seaweed and mineral-based potassium humate. At this time, rely on compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer to provide fertilizer for plant growth, and do not apply heavy fertilizer.

[0019] (4) Field management: S1. Seedling stage management: In the early growth stage, nitrogen is the main element, and a lot of organic fertilizers are applied. For the 1-vine 2-fruit planting method, no pinching is required. S2. Vine stretching stage management: Irrigate the roots with fluopyram. In addition, apply potassium fulvate, amino acids, and medium and trace elements. Within 1 - 2 weeks before flowering, spray medium and trace element fertilizers rich in calcium and boron on the leaves twice. Control water 4 - 5 days before flowering, and top the plants 2 - 4 days before flowering to force the plants to transform from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. At this time, the number of plant leaves reaches 24 - 26. S3. Vine tying: When the vine grows to 60 - 100 cm, conduct the first vine tying. Use nylon ropes to wind in the same direction. Tie the vine once every 2 - 4 days to prevent the top from breaking. When the top reaches the wire height and the number of leaves reaches 24 - 26, stop tying the vine. S4. Pruning: Remove the lateral buds of the main vine and all lateral branches with less than 10 leaves. The female flowers that appear on the lateral vines after the 10th leaf of the plant can be used as fruiting branches. For the 1-vine 2-fruit method, 4 lateral vines need to be retained. S5. Topping: Top the main vine 4 - 6 leaves upward from the last fruit on the lateral vine. After removing the lateral buds, use mancozeb plus kasugamycin plus beta-cypermethrin to prevent the spread of diseases. Before flowering, use zhongshengmycin plus pyraclostrobin plus dinotefuran for prevention. When thrips, whiteflies, and mites appear, use chlorfluazuron plus abamectin to kill whiteflies, use beta-cypermethrin plus acetamiprid plus abamectin to kill thrips, and use bifenazate etoxazole to kill mites. S6. Pollination: Mainly adopt artificial assisted pollination and supplemented by bee pollination. Artificial pollination needs to be completed within 3 - 4 hours after the male flowers bloom. The temperature during pollination does not exceed 30 °C, as high temperature will reduce the activity of pollen. If hormone pollination is used, pollination needs to be carried out from one day before the female flowers open to one day after they bloom, and spray the two sides of the small fruits with a sprayer. S7. Fruit swelling stage: 4 - 5 days after pollination, conduct the fruit retention operation. Retain 2 fruits per vine. Select young fruits with normal development, bright color, slightly long fruit shape, and thick fruit stalks, and remove mummified fruits, diseased fruits, and deformed fruits. 4 - 12 days after pollination, which is the early swelling stage, gradually increase the supply of water and fertilizer. Apply medium and trace element fertilizers of calcium and boron to ensure the normal swelling of the fruits. From 8 days to 14 days after pollination, use nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. For 8 - 10 days, high nitrogen helps the fruits to elongate. After the fruits elongate, switch to balanced fertilizers. 12 - 29 days after pollination, reduce the water consumption at this time, apply medium and trace element fertilizers rich in calcium and boron, and stop using calcium fertilizers after 15 - 20 days. In the late swelling stage, conduct a pruning operation once during this period to remove the lateral branches. Regularly spray kasugamycin, kasugamycin copper, zhongshengmycin, thiazole zinc, and leaf blightazol to prevent bacterial diseases, and mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl, and difenoconazole to prevent fungal diseases.

[0020] (5) Harvest: The maturity period of thick - rind melons is 35 - 44 days. Harvest in a timely manner.

[0021] Specifically, use glyphosate one month before the first stubble of land preparation; for the second stubble, use glufosinate - ammonium for weed control after land preparation and mulching. Examples

[0022] According to the above - mentioned cultivation method, taking the thick - rind netted melon Yaonong No. 25 as an example, choose to plant in sandy land in October; among them, for the pruning method, choose to retain 2 fruits, the method of retaining vines and fruits is 1 main vine and 4 side vines, and select 1 fruit to retain; the fruit - retaining node is at the 12th - 16th node, the number of planted plants is 1500, the average single - fruit weight is 1.6 kg, and the average mu yield is 4800 kg. Examples

[0023] According to the above - mentioned cultivation method, taking the thick - rind netted melon Yaonong No. 25 as an example, choose to plant in sandy land in October; among them, for the pruning method, choose to retain 2 fruits, the method of retaining vines and fruits is to pinch the top of the main vine, retain 3 side vines, and retain 1 fruit on the secondary vines; the fruit - retaining node is above the 10th node, the number of planted plants is 800, the average single - fruit weight is 2 kg, and the average mu yield is 3200 kg. Examples

[0024] According to the above - mentioned cultivation method, taking the thick - rind netted melon Yaonong No. 25 as an example, choose to plant in sandy land in October; among them, for the pruning method, choose to retain 1 fruit, the method of retaining vines and fruits is 1 main vine and 2 side vines, and select 1 fruit to retain; the fruit - retaining node is above the 10th node, the number of planted plants is 1700, the average single - fruit weight is 2.5 kg, and the average mu yield is 4250 kg.

[0025] The average mu yield of the pruning method described in Example 1 of this application reached 4800 kg, which is significantly higher than the mu yields under the pruning methods shown in the other two examples. For specific comparison, please refer to Table 1 below.

[0026] Table 1 Comparison of three pruning methods

[0027] Number of fruits retained Method of retaining vines and fruits Node position of fruit retention Number of planted plants Average single fruit weight (kg) Average yield per mu (KG) 2 fruits 1 main vine and 4 side vines, select and retain 2 fruits Nodes 12 - 16 1500 1.6 4800 2 fruits Pinch the top of the main vine, retain 3 side vines, and retain 2 fruits on the secondary vines Above node 10 800 2 3200 1 fruit 1 main vine and 2 side vines, select and retain 1 fruit Above node 10 1700 2.5 4250 The technical features of the above - mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of concise description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above - mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as the combinations of these technical features do not conflict, they should all be considered as the scope recorded in this specification.

[0028] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation manners of the present invention. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation method for thick-skinned melons in sandy soil in South China, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: (1) Preparation before cultivation: S1. Variety selection: Choose thick-skinned melon varieties that are heat-resistant, moisture-resistant, and have good resistance and wide adaptability; S2. Greenhouse planning: Use steel pipe multi-span greenhouses with a width of 3.5m and covered with light blue plastic film. Each multi-span greenhouse is equipped with insect-proof nets around and on the roof. The distance between the greenhouses is 0.65m. S3. Planting rotation: Planting starts from July to September, and three melon crops can be planted from July to October, October to January, and January to April; S4. Irrigation and drainage: adopt water-fertilizer integrated irrigation method; S5. Land preparation and fertilization: Weeding should be done before sowing, usually using glufosinate or glyphosate; pests and diseases should be eradicated in the greenhouse before planting; Spread 6-8 bags of bio-organic fertilizer or one ton of sheep manure and 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer; first plow the land, then dig trenches and spread fertilizer, and finally plow the land and build ridges to loosen the soil and mix the fertilizer evenly; finally plow the land and build ridges with a ridge width of 65-70cm and a ridge distance of 1m; after building ridges, install drip irrigation belts and test water; cover the ground with film, and choose silver-black film; (2) Seedling cultivation: S1. Sowing: Select thick-skinned melon varieties that are heat-resistant, moisture-resistant, and have good resistance and wide adaptability. Use commercial seedling soil as the seedling medium and use a 60-hole seedling tray. Select seeds with full grains and no shriveled, residual, or bad grains for sowing; S2. Management during the seedling raising period: Keep the soil moist from before emergence to when the cotyledons slightly expand; after the cotyledons slightly expand, the soil should be kept mainly dry and wet; Water in the morning and at noon on sunny days; Remove the covering after the seeds begin to break through the soil, and manually remove the seeds whose seed shells have not fallen off when the melon seedlings emerge from the soil. The best time is in the morning; One week after sowing, the seedling tray can be moved to disconnect the roots growing out of the hole tray from the seedbed to promote the growth of fibrous roots and cover the seedling raising soil; In the late stage of seedling raising, seaweed fertilizers are used to promote leaf photosynthesis, make the leaves green, and facilitate rooting; Tebuconazole, fenpropimorph, Amicid, etc. are used to prevent fungal diseases, and copper hydroxide, spring thunder copper, and Zhongshengmycin are used to prevent bacterial diseases; Sulfoxaflor, spinetoram, avermectin phenylpropionate, and indoxacarb are used to control pests; (3) Transplanting: Water the ridges a few days before transplanting to avoid the sand being too loose when drilling holes, which will result in insufficient hole depth. Calculate the plant spacing according to the number of plants to be planted, and drill holes to determine the holes. Select melon seedlings with one leaf and one heart or two leaves and one heart for transplanting. The transplanting time should be after 3 pm. When transplanting, gently pinch the bottom of the hole tray, then gently lift the stem of the melon seedling, put it into the hole, cover it with soil, and cover it with 1 cm of seedling soil. After transplanting, immediately water the roots manually. The next day, use drip irrigation to fertilize the plants, and add rooting bucket fertilizer, such as seaweed and mineral-based potassium humate. At this time, rely on compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer to provide fertilizer for plant growth, and do not apply heavy fertilizer. (4) Field management: S1. Management during the seedling stage: Nitrogen is the main fertilizer in the early growth stage, and more organic fertilizers are applied. The planting method of 1 vine and 2 melons is adopted without pinching; S2. Management during the vine extension period: Use fluopyram for root irrigation, and apply potassium humate, amino acids, and trace elements; spray the leaves twice with calcium and boron-rich trace element fertilizers within 1 to 2 weeks before flowering; control water 4 to 5 days before flowering, and top the plants 2 to 4 days before flowering to force the plants to switch from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. At this time, the number of leaves of the plants reaches 24 to 26; S3. Binding the vines: When the vines grow to 60-100cm, the first vine binding is carried out. Nylon ropes are used to wrap them in the same direction. The vines need to be tied every 2-4 days to prevent the top from breaking. When the top reaches the height of the wire and the leaves reach 24-26, the vines are no longer tied. S4. Pruning: Remove the side buds of the main vine, and remove all the side branches with less than 10 leaves. The female flowers that appear on the sub-vine after the plant has the 10th leaf can be used as fruiting branches. If there are two fruits on one vine, four sub-vines should be left. S5. Topping: Topping the main vine on the last melon of the sub-vine when there are 4 to 6 leaves upwards; after removing the side buds, use mancozeb plus kasugamycin plus high-efficiency chlorflucythrin to prevent and control the spread of diseases; before flowering, use zhongshengmycin plus pyraclostrobin plus dinotefuran to prevent and control; when thrips, whiteflies, and mites appear, use chlorfluanid plus avermectin to kill whiteflies, use high-efficiency chlorflucythrin plus acetamiprid plus avermectin to kill thrips, and use bifenazate and etoxazole to kill mites; S6. Pollination: mainly artificial assisted pollination, supplemented by bee pollination; S7, Fruit expansion period: 4-5 days after pollination, carry out melon retention operation, leaving 2 melons per vine, select young melons with normal development, bright color, slightly long fruit shape, and thick fruit stalks, and remove dead, diseased, and deformed fruits; 4 to 12 days after pollination, this is the early stage of fruit expansion, and the supply of water and fertilizer should be gradually increased; trace element fertilizers in calcium fertilizer and boron fertilizer should be used to ensure the normal expansion of the fruit; 8 to 14 days from the beginning of pollination, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be used, and 8 to 10 days, high nitrogen will help the fruit to elongate, and after the fruit is elongated, balanced fertilizer should be used; 12 to 29 days after pollination, reduce water consumption and apply calcium and boron-rich medium and trace element fertilizers. Stop using calcium fertilizers for 15 to 20 days. At the late stage of swelling, prune the branches and remove the side branches. Regularly spray kasugamycin, kasugawang copper, zhongshengmycin, thiazole zinc, and chlorothalonil to prevent and control bacterial diseases, and mancozeb, methyl thiophanate, and difenoconazole to prevent and control fungal diseases; (5) Harvesting: The melon matures in 35-44 days and should be harvested promptly.

2. The high-yield cultivation method of thick-skinned melons in sandy land in South China as described in claim 1 is characterized in that, In step (1), the irrigation and drainage are as follows: timely drainage on rainstorm days; watering and fertilization at 9 am and watering at 12 pm on sunny days; watering once at 9 am on cloudy days, and no fertilizer is applied unless necessary, and the watering time is 1-4 minutes.

3. The high-yield cultivation method of thick-skinned melons in sandy soil in South China as described in claim 1 is characterized in that, In step (1), the land preparation and fertilization are as follows: glyphosate is used one month before the first land preparation; and glufosinate is used for weed control after land preparation and film covering in the second land preparation.