A river channel dredging sediment separation device

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of sediment separation, and specifically refers to a river channel dredging and sediment separation device, comprising a dredging vessel, a support frame and a separation chamber, wherein a screening drum is rotatably connected in the separation chamber, and the impeller is driven by water flow to drive the forward and reverse components, so that the screening drum alternately rotates forward and reverse, and centrifugal force is used to separate sand and gravel from mud and water during forward rotation, and sand and gravel accumulation is destroyed and synchronous slag discharge is triggered during reverse rotation; during the reverse rotation process, the transmission component and the knocking component intermittently conflict with each other, and the outer wall of the sieve hole is knocked by high-frequency vibration to solve the problem of sticky sediment blockage; at the same time, during the reverse rotation process, the drive valve plate is synchronously opened to realize the periodic discharge of sand and gravel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of sediment separation, and in particular relates to a river channel silt removal and sediment separation device. Background Art

[0002] Sediment separation is a key technical link in river dredging operations. In existing sediment separation technologies, traditional separation devices usually use a single rotary screening method to separate sediment from water through centrifugal force. Existing sediment separation devices have the following problems:

[0003] (1) The screening drum is usually unidirectionally rotating or fixed. Sand and gravel accumulate on the surface of the screen holes under the action of centrifugal force. Especially when processing mud with high sand content, the screen holes are easily blocked by sand particles, requiring frequent shutdown and cleaning, which seriously affects the processing efficiency.

[0004] (2) Traditional devices often only achieve preliminary separation of mud and water, and sand and gravel accumulate in the screening cylinder, which directly increases the operating resistance of the equipment and requires a higher speed or power to maintain the separation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a river dredging and sediment separation device, which utilizes water flow to drive an impeller to drive a forward and reverse assembly, so that the screening drum intermittently reverses forward and reverse, thereby achieving efficient separation of sand and gravel from mud and water, and avoiding blockage problems caused by excessive accumulation; when the screening drum reverses, the transmission assembly and the knocking assembly intermittently move in conflict, and the knocking assembly performs high-frequency vibration knocking on the outer wall of the screening drum, thereby destroying the adhesion of sand particles on the surface of the sieve holes, and solving the blockage problem caused by the viscosity of mud and sand; when the screening drum reverses, the slag discharge assembly opens the sand and gravel discharge channel, thereby achieving periodic discharge of sand and gravel, avoiding excessive accumulation of sand and gravel, hindering the passage of mud and water, and reducing the processing capacity.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: This solution provides a river dredging and sediment separation device, including a dredging boat and a support frame, the dredging boat provides an operating platform, the support frame is fixedly arranged on the dredging boat, a separation chamber is fixedly arranged on the support frame, which is the main place for sediment separation, the inner bottom wall of the separation chamber is rotatably connected to a screen drum, which filters sediment by rotation and screen holes, a baffle is fixedly provided on the inner circumferential wall of the separation chamber, a knocking assembly is provided in a circumferential array on the baffle to help the sand and gravel in the screen holes fall off, the baffle is provided with a transmission assembly that is in active contact with the knocking assembly to achieve the knocking action; a water flow housing is fixedly provided on the upper wall of the separation chamber, the water flow housing and the screen drum are connected by a pipeline, a drive assembly is provided in the water flow housing, which drives the screen drum to rotate to achieve sediment separation, the upper wall of the screen drum is provided with a forward and reverse assembly that cooperates with the drive assembly for transmission to control the forward and reverse rotation of the screen drum, the forward and reverse assembly is in active contact with the transmission assembly, and a slag discharge assembly is provided on the screen drum to remove the sand and gravel accumulated in the screen drum.

[0007] Furthermore, the knocking assembly includes a slide plate, a connecting rod and a knocking column; the slide plate is slidably connected to the upper wall of the baffle and serves as a carrier of the knocking column. The top end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the slide plate, and the bottom end of the connecting rod extends into the separation cavity to transmit the movement of the slide plate to the knocking column. The knocking column array is arranged on the circumferential wall of the connecting rod to help the sand and gravel in the sieve hole fall off.

[0008] Furthermore, the drive assembly includes a rotating shaft and impeller blades. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the upper wall of the separation chamber. The axis of the rotating shaft is threadedly connected to a reciprocating piston rod, which performs reciprocating motion to provide a negative pressure state. A guide rod is provided through the axis of the reciprocating piston rod. The top of the guide rod is fixedly connected to the top wall of the water flow shell. A transmission sleeve is slidably provided on the bottom wall of the rotating shaft to transmit forward and reverse rotation power. The impeller blade array is arranged on the circumferential wall of the rotating shaft.

[0009] Furthermore, the forward and reverse rotation assembly includes a forward inner shaft and a reverse sleeve; the forward inner shaft is coaxially fixedly connected to the upper wall of the screening cylinder, the reverse sleeve is coaxially fixedly connected to the upper wall of the screening cylinder, the forward inner shaft is nested in the reverse sleeve, and the forward inner shaft and the reverse sleeve are both movably engaged with the transmission sleeve, serving as a power input shaft to transmit rotational power to the screening cylinder.

[0010] Furthermore, the slag discharge assembly includes a valve plate and a driven gear. The valve plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the screening cylinder to control the discharge of sand and gravel. There are several valve plates in a circumferential array. The driven gear is matched with the valve plate in transmission. A rack is fixed on the bottom wall of the valve plate. The driven gear is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the screening cylinder to control the opening and closing of the valve plate.

[0011] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention using the above structure are as follows:

[0012] (1) The device uses water flow to drive the impeller to drive the forward and reverse components, so that the screening drum intermittently rotates forward and reverse. When the screening drum rotates forward, the centrifugal force is used to separate the sand and gravel from the mud and water. The sand and gravel are thrown to the surface of the screen hole due to their large mass, and the mud and water are discharged through the screen hole. When the screening drum is reversed, the reverse motion destroys the stable accumulation state of the sand and gravel. There is no need to stop the sediment separation device, which avoids excessive accumulation and blockage, affecting the screening efficiency of the screening drum.

[0013] (2) When the screen drum reverses, the reversing sleeve and the ratchet are engaged, causing the cam and the slide to intermittently clash. The slide moves away from the reversing sleeve, compressing the reset spring to accumulate elastic potential energy. After the clash is released, the elastic potential energy is quickly released, driving the knocking column to perform high-frequency vibration knocking on the outer wall of the screen drum, destroying the adhesion of sand particles on the surface of the screen hole, and solving the blockage problem caused by the viscosity of the sediment.

[0014] (3) At the same time, when the screening drum reverses, the linkage design of the driven gear and the rack is used to drive the valve plates to move in opposite directions, opening the gravel discharge channel. The valve plates are opened synchronously to discharge the accumulated gravel, realizing the periodic discharge of gravel, avoiding excessive accumulation of gravel, hindering the passage of mud and water, and reducing the processing capacity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a river channel silt removal and separation device proposed by the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the separation chamber proposed by the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0017] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the separation chamber proposed by the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0018] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of the middle A;

[0019] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission structure of the drive assembly and the forward and reverse rotation assembly proposed in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A partial enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0022] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of the transmission sleeve proposed in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the slag discharge assembly proposed by the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0024] Figure 10 This is a schematic structural diagram of the transmission assembly proposed in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the structure of the slag discharge assembly proposed by the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0026] Figure 12 This is a schematic structural diagram of the reciprocating piston rod proposed in the present invention.

[0027] Among them, 1. dredging boat, 2. support frame, 3. separation chamber, 31. baffle, 32. water flow shell, 4. screening cylinder, 5. knocking assembly, 51. slide plate, 52. connecting rod, 53. knocking column, 54. reset spring, 6. transmission assembly, 61. ratchet, 62. cam, 7. drive assembly, 71. rotating shaft, 72. impeller blades, 73. reciprocating piston rod, 74. transmission sleeve, 75. guide rod, 8. forward and reverse assembly, 81. forward inner shaft, 821. elastic plate, 822. pawl, 82. reverse sleeve, 9. slag discharge assembly, 91. valve plate, 92. driven gear, 93. rack, 94. tension spring.

[0028] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 5 and Figure 7The present embodiment provides a river channel silt removal and sediment separation device, including a silt removal boat 1 and a support frame 2, the support frame 2 is fixedly arranged on the deck of the silt removal boat 1, a separation chamber 3 is fixedly arranged on the support frame 2, the bottom end of the separation chamber 3 is fixedly connected with a mud and water discharge pipe, the inner bottom wall of the separation chamber 3 is rotatably connected to a sieve drum 4, a baffle 31 is fixedly provided on the inner circumferential wall of the separation chamber 3, a knocking assembly 5 is provided in a circumferential array on the baffle 31, the knocking assembly 5 includes a slide plate 51, a connecting rod 52 and a knocking column 53; the slide plate 51 is slidably connected to the upper wall of the baffle 31, the side wall of the slide plate 51 away from one end of the inner circumferential wall of the separation chamber 3 is curved, the slide plate 51 is fixed with a return spring 54 near one end of the inner circumferential wall of the separation chamber 3, and the other end of the return spring 54 The end is fixedly connected to the inner circumferential wall of the separation chamber 3, the top of the connecting rod 52 is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the slide plate 51, and the bottom end of the connecting rod 52 extends into the separation chamber 3. The knocking column 53 array is arranged on the circumferential wall of the connecting rod 52. The baffle 31 is provided with a transmission component 6 that is in active contact with the knocking component 5, and the transmission component 6 includes a ratchet 61 and a cam 62; the ratchet 61 is rotatably connected to the upper wall of the baffle 31, and the ratchet 61 is sleeved on the reversing shaft sleeve 82. A first groove body is provided on the outer circumferential wall of the reversing shaft sleeve 82, and an elastic plate 821 and a pawl 822 are rotatably connected at both ends of the first groove body. The elastic plate 821 is located on the inner side of the pawl 822, and is used to lift the pawl 822 and engage with the ratchet teeth of the inner circumferential wall of the ratchet 61. The circumferential array of the cam 62 is arranged on the outer circumferential wall of the ratchet 61 On the upper wall of the separation chamber 3, the cam 62 is in active contact with the slide 51; a water flow housing 32 is fixedly provided on the upper wall of the separation chamber 3, and a water inlet pipe is provided on the circumferential wall of the water flow housing 32, and the water inlet pipe is connected to the cutter suction pump. It should be noted that the cutter suction pump is a prior art and there is no need to repeat it. The water flow housing 32 and the screening cylinder 4 are connected through a pipe. A drive assembly 7 is provided in the water flow housing 32, and the drive assembly 7 includes a rotating shaft 71 and impeller blades 72. The rotating shaft 71 is rotatably connected to the upper wall of the separation chamber 3, and the axis of the rotating shaft 71 is threadedly connected to a reciprocating piston rod 73. The axis of the reciprocating piston rod 73 is penetrated by a guide rod 75. The top of the guide rod 75 is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the water flow housing 32, and a transmission sleeve 74 is slidably engaged with the bottom wall of the rotating shaft 71. The outer circumferential wall and the inner circumferential wall of the transmission sleeve 74 are They are all provided with transmission teeth, and the impeller blades 72 are arranged in an array on the circumferential wall of the rotating shaft 71. The upper wall of the screening cylinder 4 is provided with a forward and reverse assembly 8 that is in transmission with the transmission sleeve 74. The forward and reverse assembly 8 includes a forward inner shaft 81 and a reverse sleeve 82; the forward inner shaft 81 is coaxially fixedly connected to the upper wall of the screening cylinder 4, and an outer driven tooth is provided on the outer circumferential wall of the forward inner shaft 81. The outer driven tooth of the forward inner shaft 81 meshes with the transmission teeth on the inner circumferential wall of the transmission sleeve 74, and the reverse sleeve 82 is coaxially fixedly connected to the upper wall of the screening cylinder 4, and an inner driven tooth is provided on the inner circumferential wall of the reverse sleeve 82. The inner driven tooth of the reverse sleeve 82 meshes with the transmission teeth on the outer circumferential wall of the transmission sleeve 74, the forward inner shaft 81 is nested in the reverse sleeve 82, and the forward and reverse assembly 8 is in active contact with the transmission assembly 6.

[0031] In this embodiment, a cutter suction pump is used to break up the bottom silt and suck it into the water flow housing 32. The water flow drives the impeller blades 72 and the rotating shaft 71 to rotate, and then enters the screen drum 4 through the pipeline. The rotating shaft 71 rotates and drives the transmission teeth on the inner circumferential wall of the transmission sleeve 74 to engage with the positive rotating inner shaft 81. The positive rotating inner shaft 81 drives the screen drum 4 to rotate in the positive direction. Under the action of centrifugal force, the muddy water in the screen drum 4 contacts the screen drum 4, and the large sand particles are filtered out, while the muddy water is discharged from the separation chamber. At the same time, during the rotation of the shaft 71, the reciprocating piston rod 73 moves upward along the guide rod 75 under the action of the thread, generating negative pressure at the axis of the shaft 71, driving the transmission sleeve 74 to move upward at the same time until the transmission sleeve 74 is disengaged from the positive rotation inner shaft 81, and then continues to move upward, the transmission teeth on the outer circumferential wall of the transmission sleeve 74 engage with the reverse sleeve 82, and the reverse sleeve 82 drives the screen drum 4 to rotate in the opposite direction. At this time, the particles thrown on the sieve holes of the screen drum 4 are The cam 62 is in active contact with the slide 51 during the rotation process, and the cam 62 pushes the slide 51 away from the reversing sleeve 82, compressing the return spring 54. When the cam 62 is out of contact with the slide 51, the elastic potential energy of the return spring 54 is released, driving the slide 51 close to the reversing sleeve 82. The knocking column 53 on the connecting rod 52 knocks the outer circumferential wall of the screen drum 4, further separating the sand and gravel from the sieve holes of the screen drum 4, reducing the probability of clogging of the screen drum 4, and realizing the cleaning of the sieve holes of the sediment separation device without stopping, so as to improve the subsequent sediment separation effect. After the reciprocating piston rod 73 moves to the top end, it moves downward in the opposite direction, pushing the transmission sleeve 74 downward at the same time under the negative pressure state, until the transmission teeth on the inner circumferential wall of the transmission sleeve 74 engage with the forward rotating inner shaft 81 again.

[0032] Example 2: This example is based on the above example, please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 6 and Figure 8In this embodiment, the slag discharge assembly 9 includes a valve plate 91 and a driven gear 92. A second groove body is opened on the circumferential wall of the lower part of the screening cylinder 4. The valve plate 91 is slidably connected to the top wall of the second groove body. There are three valve plates 91 in a circumferential array. A rack 93 is fixed on the bottom wall of the valve plate 91. One end of the rack 93 located in the second groove body is fixed with a tension spring 94. The other end of the tension spring 94 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second groove body. The driven gear 92 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the screening cylinder 4. The circumferential wall of the second groove body is provided with internal teeth that mesh with the driven gear 92, and the driven gear 92 meshes with the rack 93; two thread grooves with opposite rotation directions are provided on the circumferential wall of the reciprocating piston rod 73, wherein the pitch of one thread groove is larger than the other, and a gravel discharge pipe is provided on the bottom wall of the separation chamber 3;

[0033] In this embodiment, the accumulation of gravel will increase the difficulty of centrifugal separation. When the screening drum 4 rotates in the reverse direction, the driven gear 92 and the rack 93 are driven to engage, causing the three valve plates 91 to move in opposite directions at the same time. The channel in the middle of the valve plates 91 is opened, allowing the gravel accumulated in the screening drum 4 to be discharged. The sediment separation device does not need to be shut down, and the continuous inflow of muddy water is conducive to the discharge of gravel. At the same time, to avoid the discharge of excessive muddy water, during the reverse rotation process, the rotating shaft 71 is engaged with the thread groove with a larger pitch on the reciprocating piston rod 73, and the downward displacement speed of the reciprocating piston rod 73 is accelerated, thereby reducing the time of reverse rotation of the screening drum 4.

[0034] During the forward rotation of the screening drum 4, the driven gear 92 and the rack 93 engage, causing the three valve plates 91 to move toward each other at the same time until the gravel discharge pipe is closed, stretching the tension spring 94. The tension spring 94 at the end of the rack 93 is stretched, and the spring force direction of the tension spring 94 is opposite to the moving direction of the valve plate 91, forming a reverse pre-tightening force. The elastic force of the tension spring 94 is transmitted to the driven gear 92 through the rack 93, so that the meshing surface of the rack 93 and the driven gear 9 is always in a compressed state, avoiding idling during reverse rotation.

[0035] The present invention and its embodiments are described above. This description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by this and, without departing from the purpose of the present invention, designs structures and embodiments similar to this technical solution without inventiveness, they shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A river channel silt removal and separation device, comprising a silt removal vessel (1) and a support frame (2), wherein the support frame (2) is fixedly mounted on the silt removal vessel (1), and is characterized in that: A separation chamber (3) is fixedly provided on the support frame (2), a screening drum (4) is rotatably provided on the inner bottom wall of the separation chamber (3), a baffle (31) is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the separation chamber (3), a knocking assembly (5) is provided in a circumferential array on the baffle (31), and a transmission assembly (6) that is in active contact with the knocking assembly (5) is provided on the baffle (31); a water flow housing (32) is fixedly provided on the upper wall of the separation chamber (3), a driving assembly (7) is provided in the water flow housing (32), the water flow housing (32) and the screening drum (4) are connected through a pipeline, a forward and reverse rotation assembly (8) that is in transmission cooperation with the driving assembly (7) is provided on the upper wall of the screening drum (4), the forward and reverse rotation assembly (8) is in active contact with the transmission assembly (6), and a slag discharge assembly (9) is provided on the screening drum (4); The knocking assembly (5) includes a slide plate (51), a connecting rod (52) and a knocking column (53); the slide plate (51) is slidably connected to the upper wall of the baffle (31), the top end of the connecting rod (52) is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the slide plate (51), the bottom end of the connecting rod (52) extends into the separation cavity (3), and the knocking column (53) is arranged in an array on the circumferential wall of the connecting rod (52); The transmission assembly (6) includes a ratchet 61 and a cam 62; the ratchet (61) is rotatably connected to the upper wall of the baffle (31), the ratchet (61) is sleeved on the reversing shaft sleeve (82), the cam (62) is arranged in a circumferential array on the outer circumferential wall of the ratchet (61), and the cam (62) is in active contact with the slide plate (51); The forward and reverse rotation assembly (8) comprises a forward inner shaft (81) and a reverse shaft sleeve (82); the forward inner shaft (81) is coaxially fixedly connected to the upper wall of the screening cylinder (4), the reverse shaft sleeve (82) is coaxially fixedly connected to the upper wall of the screening cylinder (4), and the forward inner shaft (81) is nested in the reverse shaft sleeve (82); The slag discharge assembly (9) includes a valve plate (91) and a driven gear (92), wherein the valve plate (91) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sieve cylinder (4), and the driven gear (92) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sieve cylinder (4), and the driven gear (92) and the valve plate (91) are in transmission cooperation.

2. The river channel silt removal and sand separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly (7) comprises a rotating shaft (71) and impeller blades (72), wherein the rotating shaft (71) is rotatably connected to the upper wall of the separation chamber (3), and the impeller blades (72) are arranged in an array on the circumferential wall of the rotating shaft (71).

3. The river channel silt removal and sand separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The axis of the rotating shaft (71) is threadedly connected to a reciprocating piston rod (73), and a guide rod (75) is provided through the axis of the reciprocating piston rod (73). The top end of the guide rod (75) is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the water flow housing (32), and a transmission sleeve (74) is slidably provided on the bottom wall of the rotating shaft (71).

4. The river channel silt removal and sand separation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The forward-rotating inner shaft (81) and the reverse-rotating shaft sleeve (82) are both movably engaged with the transmission shaft sleeve (74).

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