Damping rotary cutter of numerical control lathe

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of numerical control lathe tools, and particularly relates to a shock absorption rotary tool of a numerical control lathe. The buffering and damping groove is formed in the rotary cutter handle, resonance and cutter jumping generated in the machining process are counteracted, the roughness requirement in the finished product machining process is particularly met, the taper pin hole and the screw tail taper pin hole are coaxial, it is guaranteed that locking is firm, rotation is avoided, and positioning is accurate and flush; a plurality of types of complex workpieces can be machined, the cutter handle is used for positioning a rotating shaft to rotate the direction of a cutter body cutting edge, Z-axis cutter zero point offset is changed, the rotating direction of a main shaft in a program is changed, the same cutter can cut three end face finished products, especially when worms, internal and external threads and deep grooves are machined, cutter replacement is not needed, the finished products are obtained at a time, and the machining efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of CNC lathe tools, and particularly relates to a shock-absorbing rotary tool for a CNC lathe. Background Art

[0002] In the fields of machining large worms, internal and external threads, and deep grooves, traditional tools have significant defects. Due to large fluctuations in cutting force during the machining process, the tool is prone to resonance, resulting in frequent "tool chipping" phenomena. This not only accelerates tool wear but also seriously affects the surface roughness of the machining, reducing the quality of the finished product. In addition, the existing tool structures are single, and only one type of tool body can be installed on the same tool holder. For rough machining, semi-finishing machining, and finishing machining, different tools need to be replaced step by step. Frequent tool changing not only takes time and reduces efficiency but also easily introduces errors during repeated clamping, affecting the machining accuracy. Especially when machining large-sized workpieces, the tool-changing process may be difficult to operate due to the space limitation of the machine tool, further restricting the production efficiency.

[0003] Although the existing CNC lathe tools in the prior art have tried to reduce vibration by optimizing tool materials or adding damping structures, they have not effectively solved the problems of multi-process integrated machining and rapid angle adjustment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a rotary tool that can integrate multiple types of cutting functions, reduce the number of tool changes, and have the ability of active shock absorption to meet the requirements of high-efficiency and high-precision machining. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems of the existing CNC lathe tools, such as few cutting functions, many tool changes, no active shock absorption ability, low machining efficiency, and low precision, the present invention provides a shock-absorbing rotary tool for a CNC lathe, including: a fixed tool body, on one end face of which there are 4 equally spaced scale lines of the fixed tool body arranged in a cross shape, namely: the starting line A of the equally spaced scale of the fixed tool body, the second equally spaced scale line B of the fixed tool body, the ending line C of the equally spaced scale of the fixed tool body, and the fourth equally spaced scale line D of the fixed tool body. A positioning center hole of the fixed tool body is provided at one end of the fixed tool body, and a fixing threaded hole of the fixed tool body is provided on the side wall.

[0005] A rotary tool body, on one end of which there is an installation groove and a turning tool body is fixedly arranged through a turning tool fastening bolt. On the other end, there is a positioning rotating shaft of the rotary tool body. On one end face of the positioning rotating shaft of the rotary tool body, there are 4 equally spaced scale lines of the rotary tool body arranged in a cross shape: namely: the reference scale line a of the rotary tool body, the second equally spaced scale line b of the rotary tool body, the third equally spaced scale c of the rotary tool body, and the fourth equally spaced scale line d of the rotary tool body, which respectively match the 4 equally spaced scale lines of the fixed tool body; a buffer shock-absorbing groove is provided on the surface of the rotary tool body.

[0006] The positioning rotating shaft of the rotary tool body is coaxially connected with the positioning center hole of the fixed tool body, and the rotary tool body can rotate 180° around its axis, so that the reference scale line a of the rotary tool body coincides with the ending line C of the equally spaced scale of the fixed tool body.

[0007] The center line of the fixed tool body positioning center hole, the center line of the rotating tool body positioning rotation axis, the center line of the mounting slot and the cutting edge height of the turning tool body are coplanar;

[0008] The fastening bolt passes through the fixed cutter body fixed threaded hole of the fixed cutter body to lock the rotating cutter body, ensuring that the rotating cutter body does not move during the processing.

[0009] According to the above-mentioned vibration-absorbing rotary tool for a CNC lathe, the buffering and shock-absorbing groove is an arc-shaped groove, which is symmetrically distributed along the axis of the rotating tool body, and the depth is 1 / 5-1 / 3 of the diameter of the rotating axis of the rotating tool body.

[0010] According to the vibration-absorbing rotary tool for a CNC lathe described above, a tapered pin hole is provided at the end of the rotary tool body positioning rotary shaft of the rotary tool body, which is locked in cooperation with a screw-tail tapered pin provided on the fixed tool body sleeve.

[0011] According to the vibration-absorbing rotary tool for a CNC lathe described above, two fixing threaded holes are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the mounting groove, for fixing different turning tool bodies at multiple angles.

[0012] According to the above-mentioned vibration-absorbing rotary tool for a CNC lathe, the angles between two adjacent scale lines of the four equidistant scale lines of the fixed tool body are both 90°, with an accuracy of <0.1°; the angles between two adjacent scale lines of the four equidistant scale lines of the rotating tool body are both 90°, with an accuracy of <0.1°.

[0013] According to the vibration-absorbing rotary tool for a CNC lathe described above, the tool body is a replaceable module, including a roughing blade, a finishing blade and a threading blade.

[0014] According to the vibration-absorbing rotary tool for a CNC lathe described above, the surface of the fastening bolt is coated with a wear-resistant coating, and the pre-tightening torque is 20-30 N·m.

[0015] According to the vibration-absorbing rotary tool for a CNC lathe described above, a hard alloy insert is provided on the contact surface between the rotating tool body and the fixed tool body to reduce friction loss.

[0016] According to the vibration-absorbing rotary tool for a CNC lathe described above, the taper of the screw-tail cone pin is 1:10, and an anti-loosening thread is provided on the surface of the pin body.

[0017] According to the vibration-absorbing rotary tool for a CNC lathe described above, a coolant channel is arranged at the front end of the fixed tool body, and the outlet of the coolant channel is aligned with the cutting edge of the tool body.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. The buffer and shock-absorbing grooves on the rotary cutter body of the present invention can effectively absorb cutting vibrations, suppress resonance and tool bouncing, extend tool life and improve surface roughness.

[0020] 2. The fixed cutter body and the rotating cutter body of the present invention adopt a hole-axis matching structure, and the cutter body can be quickly positioned by rotating it 180° and cooperating with fastening bolts to ensure that the cutting edge height of the tool, the center line of the mounting groove and the center line of the fixed cutter body are always coplanar, thereby achieving high-precision switching of different processing angles.

[0021] 3. Multiple types of turning tool bodies can be flexibly replaced in the installation groove of the present invention. Combined with Z-axis tool compensation and spindle steering adjustment, the same tool can complete end surface processing in three directions, and can meet the rough and fine processing requirements without changing the tool. It is especially suitable for complex processes such as worm gears and deep grooves.

[0022] This design not only reduces tool change time by about 70%, but also reduces clamping errors through an integrated structure, improving machining efficiency by more than 40%, while significantly reducing tool wear and maintenance costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a partial sectional view of the main view of the structural schematic diagram of a vibration-absorbing rotary tool for a CNC lathe of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a front view of a structural schematic diagram of a rotating cutter body of a vibration-absorbing rotating cutter for a CNC lathe of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a top view of the structural schematic diagram of a rotating tool body of a vibration-absorbing rotating tool for a CNC lathe of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a left view of the structural schematic diagram of a rotating cutter body of a vibration-absorbing rotating cutter for a CNC lathe of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a sectional view of the main view of the structural schematic diagram of a fixed tool body of a vibration-absorbing rotary tool for a CNC lathe of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 It is a right view of the structural schematic diagram of a fixed tool body of a vibration-absorbing rotary tool for a CNC lathe of the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: 1-fixed cutter body, 2-rotating cutter body, 3-fastening bolts, 11-equidistant scale lines of the fixed cutter body, 12-fixed threaded holes of the fixed cutter body, 13-fixed cutter body positioning center hole, 21-equidistant scale lines of the rotating cutter body, 22-buffering and shock-absorbing grooves, 23-rotating cutter body positioning rotating axis, 24-mounting grooves, 25-fixed threaded holes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Preferred Embodiment

[0031] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0032] As Figures 1 to 6 shown: A shock-absorbing rotary tool for a numerically controlled lathe includes: a fixed tool body 1, on one end surface of which there are 4 equally spaced scale lines 11 of the fixed tool body arranged in a cross shape, namely: the starting line A of the equally spaced scale of the fixed tool body, the second equally spaced scale line B of the fixed tool body, the ending line C of the equally spaced scale of the fixed tool body, and the fourth equally spaced scale line D of the fixed tool body. One end of the fixed tool body 1 is provided with a fixed tool body positioning center hole 13, and the side wall is provided with a fixed tool body fixing threaded hole 12;

[0033] A rotary tool body 2, one end of which is provided with an installation groove 24 and a tool body is fixedly arranged through a tool holder fastening bolt. The other end is provided with a rotary tool body positioning rotary shaft 23. On one end surface of the rotary tool body positioning rotary shaft 23, there are 4 equally spaced scale lines 21 of the rotary tool body arranged in a cross shape: namely: the scale reference line a of the rotary tool body, the second equally spaced scale line b of the rotary tool body, the third equally spaced scale c of the rotary tool body, and the fourth equally spaced scale line d of the rotary tool body, which respectively match the 4 equally spaced scale lines 11 of the fixed tool body; a buffer shock-absorbing groove 22 is arranged on the surface of the rotary tool body 2;

[0034] The rotary tool body positioning rotary shaft 23 is coaxially connected with the fixed tool body positioning center hole 13, and the rotary tool body 2 can rotate 180° around its axis, so that the scale reference line a of the rotary tool body coincides with the ending line C of the equally spaced scale of the fixed tool body;

[0035] The center line of the fixed tool body positioning center hole 13, the center line of the rotary tool body positioning rotary shaft 23, the center line of the installation groove 24 and the cutting edge height of the tool body are coplanar;

[0036] The fastening bolt 4 passes through the fixed tool body fixing threaded hole 12 of the fixed tool body 1 to lock the rotary tool body 2, ensuring that there is no displacement of the rotary tool body 2 during the machining process.

[0037] The buffer shock-absorbing groove 22 is an arc-shaped groove, symmetrically distributed along the axial direction of the rotary tool body 2, and the depth is 1 / 5 - 1 / 3 of the diameter of the rotary tool body positioning rotary shaft 23.

[0038] A tapered pin hole is provided at the end of the rotary tool body positioning rotary shaft 23 of the rotary tool body 2, which is matched and locked with the screw tail tapered pin provided on the fixed tool body sleeve 1.

[0039] Two fixing threaded holes 25 are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the installation groove 24 for fixing different tool bodies at multiple angles.

[0040] The included angle between two adjacent scale lines among the four equally-spaced scale lines 11 of the fixed tool body is 90°, and the accuracy is < 0.1°; the included angle between two adjacent scale lines among the four equally-spaced scale lines 21 of the rotating tool body is 90°, and the accuracy is < 0.1°.

[0041] The tool body is a replaceable module, including roughing blades, finishing blades and threading blades.

[0042] The surface of the fastening bolt 3 is coated with a wear-resistant coating, and the pre-tightening torque is 20 - 30 N·m.

[0043] The contact surface between the rotating tool body 2 and the fixed tool body 1 is provided with carbide inserts to reduce frictional wear.

[0044] The taper of the tail taper pin is 1:10, and the surface of the pin body is provided with anti-loosening threads.

[0045] A coolant channel is provided at the front end of the fixed tool body 1, and the outlet of the coolant channel is aligned with the cutting edge of the tool body.

[0046] Assembly and installation:

[0047] Step 1: Install the fixed tool body 1 onto the tool turret of the CNC lathe through the positioning center hole 13 of the fixed tool body to ensure that its axis is coaxial with the machine spindle.

[0048] Step 2: Insert the rotating tool body positioning rotation axis 23 of the rotating tool body 2 into the fixed tool body positioning center hole 13 of the fixed tool body 1, and rotate the rotating tool body 2 to align the rotating tool body scale reference line a with the starting line A of the equally-spaced scale of the fixed tool body.

[0049] Step 3: Screw the fastening bolt 3 into the fixed tool body fixing threaded hole 12 and lock it with a torque of 25 N·m.

[0050] Tool angle adjustment

[0051] When it is necessary to switch the machining direction, loosen the fastening bolt 3, rotate the rotating tool body 2 to the target scale line, such as rotating 90° or 180°, to align the rotating tool body scale reference line a with the end line C of the equally-spaced scale of the fixed tool body. After re-locking the fastening bolt 3, adjust the tool compensation value of the CNC system, such as the Z-axis offset ±0.05 mm / scale, and switch the spindle rotation direction, then the machining in the new direction can be started.

[0052] Tool body replacement

[0053] Loosen the tool fastening bolts at the upper and lower ends of the installation groove 24, remove the original tool body, replace it with a roughing blade or a threading blade, ensure that the height of the cutting edge of the tool body is aligned with the center line of the installation groove, and tighten the tool fastening bolts to a torque of 20 N·m.

[0054] Vibration damping and machining optimization

[0055] During cutting, the buffer damping groove 22 absorbs vibration through elastic deformation. If resonance is obvious when machining deep grooves, the angle of the rotating tool body 2 can be finely adjusted to the adjacent scale line of the equal-distance scale line 21 of the rotating tool body to change the natural frequency of the tool. At the same time, open the coolant channel of the fixed tool body 1 to reduce the cutting temperature.

[0056] Example:

[0057] When machining a large worm, first clamp the finishing blade. Rotate the rotating tool body 2 to the 0° scale to complete the cutting of the right-side thread; after completion, loosen the bolt, rotate the rotating tool body 2 by 180°, adjust the Z-axis offset by -0.10 mm and reverse the spindle, and directly machine the left-side thread. There is no need to change the tool throughout the process, the surface roughness reaches Ra1.6 μm, and the machining efficiency is increased by 50%.

[0058] Maintenance

[0059] Regularly check the wear of the fixed tool body 1 and the rotating tool body 2, and replenish the grease every 500 hours; if cracks appear in the buffer damping groove 22, the rotating tool body 2 needs to be replaced.

[0060] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shock-absorbing rotary tool for a numerically controlled lathe, characterized in that, Comprising: A fixed tool body (1), on one end face of which there are 4 equally spaced scale lines (11) of the fixed tool body arranged in a cross shape, namely: the starting line A of the equally spaced scale of the fixed tool body, the second equally spaced scale line B of the fixed tool body, the ending line C of the equally spaced scale of the fixed tool body, and the fourth equally spaced scale line D of the fixed tool body. One end of the fixed tool body (1) is provided with a positioning center hole (13) of the fixed tool body, and the side wall is provided with a fixing threaded hole (12) of the fixed tool body; A rotating tool body (2), one end of which is provided with an installation groove (24) and a tool body is fixedly arranged through a tool fastening bolt. The other end is provided with a positioning rotating shaft (23) of the rotating tool body. On one end face of the positioning rotating shaft (23) of the rotating tool body, there are 4 equally spaced scale lines (21) of the rotating tool body arranged in a cross shape: namely: the scale reference line a of the rotating tool body, the second equally spaced scale line b of the rotating tool body, the third equally spaced scale c of the rotating tool body, and the fourth equally spaced scale line d of the rotating tool body, which respectively match the 4 equally spaced scale lines (11) of the fixed tool body; A buffer and shock-absorbing groove (22) is arranged on the surface of the rotating tool body (2); The positioning rotating shaft (23) of the rotating tool body is coaxially connected with the positioning center hole (13) of the fixed tool body, and the rotating tool body (2) can rotate 180° around its axis, so that the scale reference line a of the rotating tool body coincides with the ending line C of the equally spaced scale of the fixed tool body; The center line of the positioning center hole (13) of the fixed tool body, the center line of the positioning rotating shaft (23) of the rotating tool body, the center line of the installation groove (24), and the cutting edge height of the tool body are coplanar; The fastening bolt (4) passes through the fixing threaded hole (12) of the fixed tool body (1) to lock the rotating tool body (2) to ensure that there is no displacement of the rotating tool body (2) during the machining process.

2. The damping rotary tool for a numerically controlled lathe according to claim 1, wherein: The buffer and shock-absorbing groove (22) is an arc-shaped groove, symmetrically distributed along the axial direction of the rotating tool body (2), and the depth is 1 / 5 - 1 / 3 of the diameter of the positioning rotating shaft (23) of the rotating tool body.

3. A vibration damping rotary tool for a CNC lathe according to claim 2, characterized in that: A tapered pin hole is arranged at the end of the positioning rotating shaft (23) of the rotating tool body (2), and it is locked in cooperation with the taper pin with a screw tail arranged on the fixed tool body sleeve (1).

4. The damping rotary tool for a numerically controlled lathe according to claim 3, wherein: Two fixing threaded holes (25) are arranged at each of the upper and lower ends of the installation groove (24) for fixing different tool bodies at multiple angles.

5. A vibration-damping rotary tool for a numerically controlled lathe according to claim 4, characterized in that: The included angle between two adjacent scale lines of the 4 equally spaced scale lines (11) of the fixed tool body is 90°, and the accuracy is < 0.1°; The included angle between two adjacent scale lines of the 4 equally spaced scale lines (21) of the rotating tool body is 90°, and the accuracy is < 0.1°.

6. The shock-absorbing rotary tool for a CNC lathe according to claim 5, wherein: The tool body is a replaceable module, including a rough machining blade, a finish machining blade, and a threading blade.

7. The damping rotary tool for a numerically controlled lathe according to claim 6, characterized in that: The surface of the fastening bolt (3) is coated with a wear-resistant coating, and the pre-tightening torque is 20 - 30 N·m.

8. A vibration-damping rotary tool for a CNC lathe according to claim 8, characterized in that: A hard alloy insert is arranged on the contact surface between the rotating tool body (2) and the fixed tool body (1) to reduce frictional loss.

9. A shock-absorbing rotary tool for a numerically controlled lathe according to claim 9, characterized in that: The taper of the taper pin with a screw tail is 1:10, and the surface of the pin body is provided with anti-loosening threads.

10. A vibration-damping rotary tool for a CNC lathe according to claim 10, characterized in that: A coolant channel is arranged at the front end of the fixed tool body (1), and the outlet of the coolant channel is aligned with the cutting edge of the tool body.

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