Light-emitting element, fused polycyclic compound for light-emitting element, and display device including light-emitting element

Abstract

The invention relates to a light-emitting element, a fused polycyclic compound for the light-emitting element, and a display device including the light-emitting element. The light emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode on the first electrode, and an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 as a first compound. Formula 1 # imgabs0 #

Description

[0001] Cross - reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10 - 2024 - 0001563, filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on January 4, 2024, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical field

[0003] One or more embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a light - emitting element, a fused polycyclic compound for a light - emitting element, and a display device including the light - emitting element. Background art

[0004] As an image display device, an organic electroluminescent display device and the like have recently been actively researched and / or developed. Different from a liquid crystal display device and the like, an organic electroluminescent display device is a self - emissive display device, in which holes and electrons respectively injected from a first electrode and a second electrode recombine in an emission layer of the organic electroluminescent display device, and thus a light - emitting material including an organic compound in the emission layer emits light to realize the display of an image.

[0005] In order to apply an organic electroluminescent element to a display device, it is desired that the organic electroluminescent element has a low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency, and long lifetime, and thus the development of materials for organic electroluminescent elements that can stably obtain these characteristics has been continuously desired or pursued.

[0006] In recent years, in order to obtain a highly efficient organic electroluminescent element, technologies related to phosphorescence emission using triplet energy levels or fluorescence emission using triplet - triplet annihilation (TTA) (where singlet excitons are generated by the collision of triplet excitons) have been actively developed or pursued, and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials using the delayed fluorescence phenomenon have been researched and developed. Summary of the invention

[0007] One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a light - emitting element having increased luminous efficiency and improved element lifetime.

[0008] One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a fused polycyclic compound capable of improving the luminous efficiency and element lifetime of a light - emitting element including the fused polycyclic compound.

[0009] One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a display device having high display quality by including a light - emitting element having improved luminous efficiency and element lifetime.

[0010] Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the following description, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments.

[0011] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a light-emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode on the first electrode, and an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a first compound represented by Formula 1.

[0012] Formula 1

[0013]

[0014] In Formula 1, X may be NR4, O, S, or Se, S a2 , S a3 and R1 to R4 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, and / or bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring, n1 may be an integer selected from 0 to 2, n2 may be an integer selected from 0 to 3, n3 may be an integer selected from 0 to 4, S a1 is the position to which the substituent represented by Formula 2 is attached, and S a1 and S a2 and S a1 and S a3 any one of the pairs (for example, the pair of S a1 and S a2 and the pair of S a1 and S a3 ) may be the position to which the substituent represented by Formula 2 is attached.

[0015] Formula 2

[0016]

[0017] In Formula 2, -* is the position connecting to S in Formula 1 a1 and S a2 and S a1 and S a3 any one of the pairs, z c1 to z c4 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, and / or bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring, m1 and m2 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4, m3 may be an integer selected from 0 to 3, and m4 may be an integer selected from 0 to 5.

[0018] In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 can be represented by any one selected from Formulas 3-1 to 3-4.

[0019] Formula 3-1

[0020]

[0021] Formula 3-2

[0022]

[0023] Formula 3-3

[0024]

[0025] Formula 3-4

[0026]

[0027] In Formulas 3-1 to 3-4, S a2 ' and S a3 ' can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms.

[0028] In Formulas 3-1 to 3-4, X, R1 to R3, n1 to n3, z c1 to z c4 and m1 to m4 can each be the same as defined in Formulas 1 and 2.

[0029] In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 can be represented by Formula 4.

[0030] Formula 4

[0031]

[0032] In Formula 4, R 4a can be represented by any one selected from Formulas S-1 to S-5.

[0033] Formula S-1

[0034]

[0035] Formula S-2

[0036]

[0037] Formula S-3

[0038]

[0039] Formula S-4

[0040]

[0041] Formula S-5

[0042]

[0043] In Formulas S-1 to S-5, Z a may be CR a11 R a12 、NR a13 、O, S or Se, and R a1 to R a13 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms; q1, q2, q5, q7 and q8 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 5; q3, q4 and q10 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4; q6 and q9 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 3; and -* may be a position linked to Formula 1.

[0044] In Formula 4, R1 to R3, n1 to n3, S a1 、S a2 and S a3 may each be the same as defined in Formula 1.

[0045] In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 5.

[0046] Formula 5

[0047]

[0048] In Formula 5, n1 may be 0 or 1, n3 may be an integer selected from 0 to 3, S b2 and S b3 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms; S b1 is the position to which the substituent represented by Formula 6 is linked, and S b1 and S b2 and Sb1 and S b3 Any pair in (e.g., S b1 and S b2 pair and S b1 and S b3 Any one of the pairs) can be the position where the substituent represented by Formula 6 is connected.

[0049] Formula 6

[0050]

[0051] In Formula 6, -* can be the position connecting to S in Formula 5 b1 and S b2 and S b1 and S b3 Any pair among them, z c5 to z c8 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, and / or bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring, m5 and m6 can each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4, m7 can be an integer selected from 0 to 3, and m8 can be an integer selected from 0 to 5.

[0052] In Formula 5, S a1 , S a2 , S a3 , R1 to R3 and n2 can be the same as defined in Formula 1.

[0053] In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 can be represented by any one selected from Formula 7-1 to Formula 7-5.

[0054] Formula 7-1

[0055]

[0056] Formula 7-2

[0057]

[0058] Formula 7-3

[0059]

[0060] Formula 7-4

[0061]

[0062] Formula 7-5

[0063]

[0064] In Formulas 7-1 to 7-5, C1 to C7 may each independently be hydrogen or deuterium, R 2a and R 3a may each independently be cyano, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituent represented by any one of Formulas A-1 to A-5, R 2b and R 3b may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, s1 may be an integer selected from 0 to 2, and s2 may be an integer selected from 0 to 3.

[0065] Formula A-1

[0066]

[0067] Formula A-2

[0068]

[0069] Formula A-3

[0070]

[0071] Formula A-4

[0072]

[0073] Formula A-5

[0074]

[0075] In Formulas A-1 to A-5, R b1 to R b9 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, z1, z3, z4, and z7 to z9 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 5, z2, z5, and z6 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4, and -* may be a position connected to Formulas 7-2 to 7-5.

[0076] In Formulas 7-1 to 7-5, X, R1, n1, S a1, S a2 and S a3 may be the same as those defined in Formula 1.

[0077] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, at least one selected from R1 to R3 may be cyano, substituted or unsubstituted isopropyl, substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted triphenylsilyl, substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamino, or substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl.

[0078] In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 8-1 or Formula 8-2.

[0079] Formula 8-1

[0080]

[0081] Formula 8-2

[0082]

[0083] In Formula 8-1 and Formula 8-2, Y1 to Y9 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, and the substituents of Substituent Group 1, Z1 to Z7 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, and the substituents of Substituent Group 1, S b2 and S b3 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, S b1 is the position where the substituent represented by Formula 6 is connected, and S b1 and S b2 and S b1 and S b3 any one of the pairs may be the position where the substituent represented by Formula 6 is connected.

[0084] Formula 6

[0085]

[0086] In Formula 6, -* may be the position connecting to S in Formula 8-2 b1 and S b2 and S b1 and S b3 any one of the pairs, z c5 to z c8Each may independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms. m5 and m6 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4, m7 may be an integer selected from 0 to 3, and m8 may be an integer selected from 0 to 5.

[0087] Substituent group 1

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] In Formulae 8-1 and 8-2, X, S a1 , S a2 and S a3 may each be the same as defined in Formula 1.

[0091] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 2, z c1 to z c4 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl group.

[0092] In one or more embodiments, the emissive layer may further include at least one of a second compound represented by Formula HT-1, a third compound represented by Formula ET-1, and a fourth compound represented by Formula D-1.

[0093] Formula HT-1

[0094]

[0095] In Formula HT-1, M1 to M8 may each independently be N or CR 51 , L1 may be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, Y a may be a direct bond, CR 52 R 53 or SiR 54 R 55 , Ar a may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and R 51 to R 55Each may independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, and / or bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0096] Formula ET-1

[0097]

[0098] In formula ET-1, at least one selected from Z a to Z c is N, and the others may be CR 56 , R 56 may be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, b1 to b3 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 10, and Ar b to Ar d may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and L2 to L4 may each independently be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0099] Formula D-1

[0100]

[0101] In formula D-1, Q1 to Q4 may each independently be C or N, ring C1 to ring C4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and L 11 to L 13 may each independently be a direct bond, *-O-*, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and in L 11 to L 13wherein, -* refers to the part connected to rings C1 to C4, b11 to b13 can each independently be 0 or 1, R 61 to R 66 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, and / or bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring, and d1 to d4 can each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4.

[0102] In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the display device includes a base layer, a circuit layer on the base layer, and a display element layer on the circuit layer and including a light-emitting element, wherein the light-emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode on the first electrode, and an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and containing a first compound represented by Formula 1.

[0103] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting element may further include a capping layer on the second electrode, wherein the capping layer may have a refractive index of about 1.6 or greater in a wavelength range of about 550 nanometers (nm) to about 660 nm.

[0104] In one or more embodiments, the display device may further include a light control layer on the display element layer and including quantum dots, wherein the light-emitting element may emit first color light, and the light control layer may include: a first light control component including first quantum dots that convert the first color light into second color light having a longer wavelength than the first color light; a second light control component including second quantum dots that convert the first color light into third color light having a longer wavelength than the first color light and the second color light; and a third light control component that transmits the first color light.

[0105] In one or more embodiments, the display device may further include a color filter layer on the light control layer, wherein the color filter layer may include a first color filter that transmits the second color light, a second color filter that transmits the third color light, and a third color filter that transmits the first color light.

[0106] In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the fused polycyclic compound is represented by Formula 1. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0107] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and are incorporated into and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, are used to explain the principles of the present disclosure. The above and / or other aspects of the present disclosure should become apparent and understandable by the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

[0108] Figure 1 is a plan view of a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0109] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0110] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0111] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0112] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0113] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0114] Figure 7 and Figure 8 each is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0115] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0116] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0117] Figure 11 is a view of a vehicle in which a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is arranged;

[0118] Figures 12A to 12C each is a view showing a three-dimensional molecular model of Comparative Example Compound C1;

[0119] Figures 13A to 13C each is a view showing a three-dimensional molecular model of Comparative Example Compound C2;

[0120] Figures 14A to 14CViews each showing a three-dimensional molecular model of Comparative Example Compound C3;

[0121] Figures 15A to 15C Views each showing a three-dimensional molecular model of Comparative Example Compound C4;

[0122] Figures 16A to 16C Views each showing a three-dimensional molecular model of Example Compound 1; and

[0123] Figures 17A to 17C Views each showing a three-dimensional molecular model of Example Compound 2. Detailed Description

[0124] The present disclosure may be modified in one or more suitable ways and have various forms, and thus specific / example embodiments will be illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in more detail in the detailed description of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific forms disclosed, but is intended to cover all modifications, equivalent ways, and alternative ways falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0125] When interpreting each of the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same elements. In the accompanying drawings, the dimensions of each structure may be exaggerated for the clarity of the present disclosure. It will be understood that although terms such as "first" and / or "second" etc. may be used herein to describe one or more suitable components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the example embodiments of the present disclosure, a first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, a second component may be referred to as a first component. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "one", and "the" are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Further, when describing the embodiments of the present disclosure, the use of "may" refers to "one or more embodiments of the present disclosure".

[0126] In the present disclosure, it will be understood that the terms “comprise / comprising”, “include / including” and / or “have / has / having” are intended to specify the presence of features, quantities, steps, operations, components, parts, and / or one or more (e.g., any suitable) combinations thereof disclosed in the present disclosure, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, quantities, steps, operations, components, parts, and / or one or more (e.g., any suitable) combinations thereof. As used herein, the terms “and”, “or” and “and / or” may include any and all combinations of one or more related listed items. When preceding / following a list of elements, expressions such as “at least one of”, “one of” and “selected from” modify the entire list of elements, rather than individual elements of the list. For example, “at least one of a, b and c”, “at least one selected from a, b and c”, “at least one selected from a to c”, etc. may indicate only a, only b, only c, both a and b (e.g., simultaneously), both a and c (e.g., simultaneously), both b and c (e.g., simultaneously), all of a, b and c, or variants thereof. Depending on the context, the “ / ” used herein may be interpreted as “and” or “or”.

[0127] In the present disclosure, if (e.g., when) a layer, film, region or plate is referred to as being “on” or “in an upper portion of” another layer, film, region or plate, it can not only be “directly on” the layer, film, region or plate, but also one or more intermediate layers, films, regions or plates may be present. In contrast, if (e.g., when) a layer, film, region or plate is referred to as being “under” or “in a lower portion of” another layer, film, region or plate, it can not only be directly under the layer, film, region or plate, but also one or more intermediate layers, films, regions or plates may be present. Additionally, it will be understood that if (e.g., when) a component is referred to as being “on” another component, it can be disposed above the other component, or it can also be disposed below the other component. In the present disclosure, “directly on” may mean that there are no additional layers, films, regions, plates, etc. between a layer, film, region, plate, etc. and other components. For example, “directly on” may mean that two layers or two members are provided without using additional members such as adhesive members therebetween.

[0128] In the present disclosure, the term "substituted or unsubstituted" may refer to being substituted or unsubstituted by at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, amine group, silyl, oxy, thio, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, carbonyl, boranyl, phosphinyl oxide, phosphinyl sulfide, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydrocarbon ring group, aryl, and heterocyclic group. Additionally, each of the substituents exemplified above may be substituted or unsubstituted. For example, biphenyl may be interpreted as an aryl or a phenyl substituted by a phenyl group.

[0129] In the present disclosure, the phrase "bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring" may refer to a group being bonded to an adjacent group to form a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group. The hydrocarbon ring may include an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring and / or an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. The heterocyclic ring may include an aliphatic heterocyclic ring and / or an aromatic heterocyclic ring. The hydrocarbon ring and the heterocyclic ring may each be a monocyclic or polycyclic ring. Additionally, the ring formed by adjacent groups bonded to each other may be connected to another ring to form a spiro structure.

[0130] In the present disclosure, the term "adjacent group" may refer to a substituent substituted for an atom directly connected to an atom substituted by a corresponding substituent, another substituent substituted for an atom substituted by a corresponding substituent, or a substituent spatially located in the closest position to a corresponding substituent. For example, the two methyl groups in 1,2-dimethylbenzene may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other, and the two ethyl groups in 1,1-diethylcyclopentane may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other. Additionally, the two methyl groups in 4,5-dimethylphenanthrene may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other.

[0131] In the present disclosure, examples of halogen may include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.

[0132] In the present disclosure, the alkyl group may be straight-chain or branched-chain. The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group may be 1 to 50, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 6. Examples of the alkyl group may include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butylhexyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2,2-dimethylheptyl, 2-ethylheptyl, 2-butylheptyl, n-octyl, tert-octyl, 2-ethyloctyl, 2-butyl octyl, 2-hexyloctyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, adamantyl, 2-ethyldecyl, 2-butyldecyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyldecyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, 2-ethyldodecyl, 2-butyldodecyl, 2-hexyldodecyl, 2-octyldodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, 2-ethylhexadecyl, 2-butylhexadecyl, 2-hexylhexadecyl, 2-octylhexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl, n-eicosyl, 2-ethyleicosyl, 2-butyleicosyl, 2-hexyleicosyl, 2-octyleicosyl, n-heneicosyl, n-docosyl, n-tricosyl, n-tetracosyl, n-pentacosyl, n-hexacosyl, n-heptacosyl, n-octacosyl, n-nonacosyl, and / or n-triacontyl, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0133] In the present disclosure, the cycloalkyl group may refer to a cyclic alkyl group. The number of carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl group may be 3 to 50, 3 to 30, 3 to 20, or 3 to 10. Examples of the cycloalkyl group may include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, norbornyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, isobornyl, and / or bicycloheptyl, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0134] In the present disclosure, the alkenyl group refers to a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms. The alkenyl group may be straight-chain or branched-chain. The number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl group is not specifically limited. For example, it may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of the alkenyl group may include vinyl, 1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, styryl, and / or styrylvinyl, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0135] In the present disclosure, an alkynyl group refers to a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms. The alkynyl group may be straight-chain or branched-chain. Although the number of carbon atoms in the alkynyl group is not specifically limited, it may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of the alkynyl group may include ethynyl and / or propynyl, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0136] In the present disclosure, a hydrocarbon ring group refers to any functional group or substituent derived from an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring. The hydrocarbon ring group may be a saturated hydrocarbon ring group having 5 to 20 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0137] In the present disclosure, an aryl group refers to any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. The aryl group may be a monocyclic aryl group or a polycyclic aryl group. The number of ring-forming carbon atoms in the aryl group may be 6 to 60, 6 to 50, 6 to 40, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of the aryl group may include phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthryl, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, quinquephenyl, sexiphenyl, triphenylene, pyrenyl, benzo[a]pyrenyl, and / or 1,2-benzophenanthryl, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0138] In the present disclosure, the fluorenyl group may be substituted, and two substituents may be bonded to each other to form a spiro structure. Examples of the substituted fluorenyl group are as follows. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0139]

[0140] As used herein, a heterocyclic group refers to any functional group or substituent derived from a ring containing at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se as a heteroatom. The heterocyclic group includes an aliphatic heterocyclic group and / or an aromatic heterocyclic group. The aromatic heterocyclic group may be a heteroaryl group. The aliphatic heterocycle and the aromatic heterocycle may each be monocyclic or polycyclic.

[0141] In the present disclosure, the heterocyclic group may contain at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se as a heteroatom. If (for example, when) the heterocyclic group contains two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same or different from each other. The heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic heterocyclic group or a polycyclic heterocyclic group, and may include a heteroaryl group. The number of ring-forming carbon atoms in the heterocyclic group may be 2 to 60, 2 to 50, 2 to 40, 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10.

[0142] In the present disclosure, the aliphatic heterocyclic group may include at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se as a heteroatom. The number of carbon atoms forming the ring in the aliphatic heterocyclic group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of the aliphatic heterocyclic group may include oxiranyl, thiiranyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, thianyl, tetrahydropyranyl, and / or 1,4-dioxanyl, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0143] In the present disclosure, the heteroaryl may contain at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se as a heteroatom. If (e.g., when) the heteroaryl contains two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same as or different from each other. The heteroaryl may be a monocyclic heterocyclic group or a polycyclic heterocyclic group. The number of carbon atoms forming the ring in the heteroaryl may be 2 to 60, 2 to 50, 2 to 40, 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of the heteroaryl may include thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, bipyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, triazolyl, acridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, quinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyridopyrazinyl, pyrazinopyrazinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, carbazolyl, N-arylcarbazolyl, N-heteroarylcarbazolyl, N-alkylcarbazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzothienyl, dibenzothienyl, thienothienyl, benzofuryl, phenanthrolinyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, phenothiazinyl, dibenzothiolyl, and / or dibenzofuryl, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0144] In the present disclosure, the above description of the aryl may be applied to the arylene, except that the arylene is a divalent group. The above description of the heteroaryl may be applied to the heteroarylene, except that the heteroarylene is a divalent group.

[0145] In the present disclosure, the silyl may include alkylsilyl and / or arylsilyl. The alkyl in the alkylsilyl may be linear, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylsilyl is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylsilyl is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of the silyl may include trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, vinyldimethylsilyl, propyldimethylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, diphenylsilyl, and / or phenylsilyl, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0146] In the present disclosure, the germanium group may include an alkylgermanium group and / or an arylgermanium group. Examples of the germanium group may include a trimethylgermanium group, a triethylgermanium group, a tert-butyldimethylgermanium group, a vinyldimethylgermanium group, a propyldimethylgermanium group, a triphenylgermanium group, a terphenylylgermanium group, a diphenylgermanium group, and / or a phenylgermanium group, etc., but one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0147] In the present disclosure, the number of carbon atoms in the carbonyl group is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 40, 1 to 30, or 1 to 20. For example, the carbonyl group may have the following structures, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0148]

[0149] In the present disclosure, the number of carbon atoms in the sulfinyl group or the sulfonyl group is not particularly limited. For example, it may be 1 to 30. The sulfinyl group may include an alkylsulfinyl group and / or an arylsulfinyl group. The sulfonyl group may include an alkylsulfonyl group and / or an arylsulfonyl group.

[0150] In the present disclosure, the thio group may include an alkylthio group and / or an arylthio group. The thio group may refer to a sulfur atom bonded to the alkyl or aryl group defined above. The alkyl group in the alkylthio group may be linear, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylthio group is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylthio group is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of the thio group may include a methylthio group, an ethylthio group, a propylthio group, a pentylthio group, a hexylthio group, an octylthio group, a dodecylthio group, a cyclopentylthio group, a cyclohexylthio group, a phenylthio group, and a naphthylthio group, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0151] In the present disclosure, the oxy group may refer to an oxygen atom bonded to the alkyl or aryl group defined above. The oxy group may include an alkoxy group and / or an aryloxy group. The alkoxy group may be linear, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy group is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the aryloxy group is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of the oxy group may include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a n-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentyloxy group, a hexyloxy group, an octyloxy group, a nonyloxy group, a decyloxy group, and / or a benzyloxy group, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0152] As used herein, a boron group may refer to a boron atom bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. The boron group may include an alkylboron group and / or an arylboron group. The alkyl group in the alkylboron group may be linear, branched, or cyclic. There is no specific limitation on the number of carbon atoms in the alkylboron group, but it may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. There is no specific limitation on the number of carbon atoms in the arylboron group, but it may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of the boron group may include dimethylboron, tert-butylmethylboron, diphenylboron, and / or phenylboron, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0153] In the present disclosure, an amino group may include an alkylamino group and / or an arylamino group. The alkyl group in the alkylamino group may be linear, branched, or cyclic. There is no specific limitation on the number of carbon atoms in the alkylamino group, but it may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. There is no specific limitation on the number of carbon atoms in the arylamino group, but it may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of the amino group may include methylamino, dimethylamino, phenylamino, diphenylamino, naphthylamino, and / or 9-methyl-anthracenylamino, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0154] In the present disclosure, a sulfinyl group may refer to -S(=O)- bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. There is no specific limitation on the number of carbon atoms in the sulfinyl group, but it may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The sulfinyl group may include an alkylsulfinyl group and an arylsulfinyl group. For example, the sulfinyl group may have the following structures, but is not limited thereto.

[0155]

[0156] In the present disclosure, a sulfonyl group may refer to -S(=O)2- bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. There is no specific limitation on the number of carbon atoms in the sulfonyl group, but it may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The sulfonyl group may include an alkylsulfonyl group and an arylsulfonyl group. For example, the sulfonyl group may have the following structures, but is not limited thereto.

[0157]

[0158] In the present disclosure, a phosphinyl group may refer to -P(=O)- bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. There is no specific limitation on the number of carbon atoms in the phosphinyl group, but it may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The phosphinyl group may include an alkylphosphinyl group and an arylphosphinyl group. For example, the phosphinyl group may have the following structures, but is not limited thereto.

[0159]

[0160] In the present disclosure, a phosphinosulfide group may refer to -P(=S)- bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. The number of carbon atoms of the phosphinosulfide group is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The phosphinosulfide group may include an alkylphosphinosulfide group and an arylphosphinosulfide group. For example, the phosphinosulfide group may have the following structures, but is not limited thereto.

[0161]

[0162] In the present disclosure, the alkyl group in an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an alkylsulfinyl group, an alkylaryl group, an alkylamino group, an alkylboron group, an alkylsilyl group, an alkylphosphine oxide group, an alkylphosphinosulfide group, and an alkylamine group may be the same as the examples of the alkyl group described above.

[0163] In the present disclosure, the aryl group in an aryloxy group, an arylthio group, an arylsulfonyl group, an arylsulfinyl group, an arylamino group, an arylboron group, an arylsilyl group, an arylphosphine oxide group, an arylphosphinosulfide group, and an arylamine group may be the same as the examples of the aryl group described above.

[0164] In the present disclosure, a direct bond may refer to a single bond.

[0165] In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, and "-*" refers to a position to be connected, and the structure of is equivalent to the structure of

[0166] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0167] Figure 1 is a plan view illustrating a display device DD according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a display device DD according to one or more embodiments. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a part taken along line I-I' of the display device Figure 1 illustrating

[0168] The display device DD may include a display panel DP and an optical layer PP disposed on the display panel DP. The display panel DP may include light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The display device DD may include a plurality of light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The optical layer PP may be disposed on the display panel DP to control reflected light at the display panel DP due to external light. The optical layer PP may include, for example, a polarization layer and / or a color filter layer. In one or more embodiments, the optical layer PP may not be provided in the display device DD.

[0169] The base substrate BL may be disposed on the optical layer PP. The base substrate BL may be a member providing a base surface on which the optical layer PP is disposed. The base substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the base substrate BL may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. In one or more embodiments, the base substrate BL may not be provided.

[0170] The display device DD according to one or more embodiments may further include a filling layer. The filling layer may be disposed between the display element layer DP-ED and the base substrate BL. The filling layer may be an organic material layer. In one or more embodiments, the filling layer may include at least one of an acrylic resin, a silicone resin, and an epoxy resin.

[0171] The display panel DP may include a base layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the base layer BS, and a display element layer DP-ED. The display element layer DP-ED may include a pixel defining film PDL, light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 disposed between respective portions of the pixel defining film PDL, and a packaging layer TFE disposed on the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3.

[0172] The base layer BS may be a member providing a base surface on which the display element layer DP-ED is disposed. The base layer BS may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the base layer BS may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0173] In one or more embodiments, the circuit layer DP-CL may be disposed on the base layer BS, and the circuit layer DP-CL may include a plurality of transistors. Each of the transistors may include a control electrode, an input electrode, and an output electrode. For example, in one or more embodiments, the circuit layer DP-CL may include switching transistors and driving transistors for driving the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 of the display element layer DP-ED.

[0174] Each of the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may independently have a structure of one of the light emitting elements ED according to the embodiments to be described in more detail later Figures 3 to 6 Each of the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, respective emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2.

[0175] Figure 2One or more embodiments are illustrated, in which the respective emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 are disposed in the openings OH defined by the pixel-defining film PDL, and the hole transport region HTR, the electron transport region ETR, and the second electrode EL2 are each provided as a common layer in the entire light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, in one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR and the electron transport region ETR may be provided by patterning within the opening OH defined by the pixel-defining film PDL. For example, the hole transport region HTR, the respective emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B, and the electron transport region ETR of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 in one or more embodiments may be provided by patterning by an inkjet printing method.

[0176] The encapsulation layer TFE may cover the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The encapsulation layer TFE may seal the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 in the display element layer DP-ED. The encapsulation layer TFE may be a thin-film encapsulation layer. The encapsulation layer TFE may be formed by laminating one layer or multiple layers. The encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one insulating layer. The encapsulation layer TFE according to one or more embodiments may include at least one inorganic film (hereinafter, encapsulation-inorganic film). The encapsulation layer TFE according to one or more embodiments may include at least one organic film (hereinafter, encapsulation-organic film) and at least one encapsulation-inorganic film.

[0177] The encapsulation-inorganic film protects the display element layer DP-ED from moisture / oxygen, and the encapsulation-organic film protects the display element layer DP-ED from foreign substances such as dust particles. The encapsulation-inorganic film may include silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, and / or aluminum oxide, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not particularly limited thereto. The encapsulation-organic film may include acrylic compounds and / or epoxy compounds, etc. In some embodiments, the encapsulation-organic film may include a photo-polymerizable organic material, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not particularly limited thereto.

[0178] The encapsulation layer TFE may be disposed on the second electrode EL2 and may be disposed to fill the opening OH.

[0179] See Figure 1 and Figure 2, the display device DD may include a non-light-emitting area NPXA and light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. The light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be areas where light generated by respective light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 is emitted. The light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be spaced apart and / or separated (e.g., spaced or separated) from each other on a plane (e.g., in a plan view).

[0180] Each of the light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be an area defined by a pixel defining film PDL. The non-light-emitting area NPXA may correspond to the pixel defining film PDL and be an area between adjacent light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may respectively correspond to pixels. The pixel defining film PDL may define the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The respective emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may be disposed in openings OH defined by the pixel defining film PDL and be separated from each other.

[0181] The light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be divided into multiple groups according to the colors of light generated by the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. In Figure 1 and Figure 2 the display device DD of one or more embodiments illustrated, three light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B that respectively emit red light, green light, and blue light are exemplarily illustrated. For example, the display device DD of one or more embodiments may include a red light-emitting area PXA-R, a green light-emitting area PXA-G, and a blue light-emitting area PXA-B that are separated from each other.

[0182] In the display device DD according to one or more embodiments, the multiple light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light beams having different wavelength ranges from each other. For example, in one or more embodiments, the display device DD may include a first light-emitting element ED-1 that emits red light, a second light-emitting element ED-2 that emits green light, and a third light-emitting element ED-3 that emits blue light. For example, in one or more embodiments, the red light-emitting area PXA-R, the green light-emitting area PXA-G, and the blue light-emitting area PXA-B of the display device DD may respectively correspond to the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3.

[0183] However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light beams within substantially the same wavelength range or at least one light-emitting element may emit light beams within a wavelength range different from that of the other light-emitting elements. For example, in some embodiments, the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may all emit blue light.

[0184] The light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B in the display device DD according to one or more embodiments may be arranged in a stripe form. Refer to Figure 1 , a plurality of red light-emitting regions PXA-R may be arranged along the second direction axis DR2 with respect to each other, a plurality of green light-emitting regions PXA-G may be arranged along the second direction axis DR2 with respect to each other, and a plurality of blue light-emitting regions PXA-B may be arranged along the second direction axis DR2 with respect to each other. In addition, the red light-emitting regions PXA-R, the green light-emitting regions PXA-G, and the blue light-emitting regions PXA-B may be alternately arranged in this order along the first direction axis DR1.

[0185] Figure 1 and Figure 2 illustrates that all the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B have substantially the same area, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Accordingly, depending on the wavelength range of the emitted light, the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may have different areas from each other. The areas of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may refer to the areas (e.g., the areas in a plan view) if (e.g., when) observed on a plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2. The third direction axis DR3 may be perpendicular to the plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2.

[0186] In one or more embodiments, the arrangement form of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B is not limited to Figure 1 the configuration illustrated in, and the arrangement order of the red light-emitting regions PXA-R, the green light-emitting regions PXA-G, and the blue light-emitting regions PXA-B may be provided in one or more appropriate combinations according to the characteristics of the desired or required display quality in the display device DD. For example, in one or more embodiments, the arrangement form of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be a honeycomb arrangement form (e.g., an RGBG matrix, an RGBG structure, or an RGBG matrix structure) or a diamond (Diamond ) arrangement form (e.g., a display (e.g., an OLED display) including red, blue, and green (RGB) light-emitting regions arranged in a diamond shape). is a trademark officially registered by Samsung Display Co., Ltd. Diamond A trademark of Samsung Display Co., Ltd.

[0187] In one or more embodiments, the areas of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be different from each other. For example, in one or more embodiments, the area of the green light-emitting region PXA-G may be smaller than the area of the blue light-emitting region PXA-B, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0188] Hereinafter, Figures 3 to 6 Each is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments. The light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments may include a first electrode EL1, a second electrode EL2 disposed opposite to the first electrode EL1, and at least one functional layer between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. The light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may include a fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments to be explained later in at least one functional layer.

[0189] The light-emitting element ED may include, as at least one functional layer, a hole transport region HTR, an emission layer EML, and / or an electron transport region ETR, etc., stacked in order (e.g., in the recited order). Refer to Figure 3 , the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, an emission layer EML, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in order (e.g., in the recited order).

[0190] Compared with Figure 3 Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments is illustrated, in which the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL and a hole transport layer HTL, and the electron transport region ETR includes an electron injection layer EIL and an electron transport layer ETL. Additionally, compared with Figure 3 Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments is illustrated, in which the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL, and an electron blocking layer EBL, and the electron transport region ETR includes an electron injection layer EIL, an electron transport layer ETL, and a hole blocking layer HBL. Compared with Figure 4 Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments further including a capping layer CPL disposed on the second electrode EL2 is illustrated.

[0191] The light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may include a fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments to be explained later in at least one functional layer. In the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the hole transport region HTR, the emission layer EML, and the electron transport region ETR may include a fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments. For example, in the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments.

[0192] The first electrode EL1 has conductivity (e.g., is a conductor). The first electrode EL1 may be formed of a metal material, a metal alloy, and / or a conductive compound. The first electrode EL1 may be an anode or a cathode. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In one or more embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may be a pixel electrode. The first electrode EL1 may be a transmissive electrode, a transmissive-reflective electrode, or a reflective electrode. The first electrode EL1 may include at least one selected from silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), lithium fluoride (LiF), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), indium (In), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn), a compound of two or more selected therefrom, a mixture of two or more selected therefrom, or an oxide thereof.

[0193] If (e.g., when) the first electrode EL1 is a transmissive electrode, the first electrode EL1 may include a transparent metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and / or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO). If (e.g., when) the first electrode EL1 is a transmissive-reflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the first electrode EL1 may include at least one of Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Yb, Ti, and W, a compound thereof, or a mixture thereof (e.g., a mixture of Ag and Mg), or a material having a multilayer structure such as LiF / Ca (a stacked structure of LiF and Ca) or LiF / Al (a stacked structure of LiF and Al). In one or more embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may have a multilayer structure including a reflective film or a transmissive-reflective film formed of one or more of the above materials, and a transparent conductive film formed of ITO, IZO, ZnO, and / or ITZO, etc. For example, the first electrode EL1 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In one or more embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may include one of the above metal materials, one or more combinations of at least two of the above metal materials, and / or one or more oxides of the above metal materials, etc. The thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be about to about For example, in one or more embodiments, the thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be about to about

[0194] A hole transport region HTR may be provided on the first electrode EL1. The hole transport region HTR may include at least one of a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL, a buffer layer, an emission assisting layer, and an electron blocking layer EBL. The thickness of the hole transport region HTR may be, for example, about to about

[0195] The hole transport region HTR may have: a single-layer structure including a single layer formed of a single material, a single-layer structure including a single layer formed of a plurality of different materials, or a multilayer structure including a plurality of layers formed of a plurality of different materials.

[0196] For example, in one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may have a single-layer structure of a hole injection layer HIL or a hole transport layer HTL, or may have a single-layer structure formed of a hole injection material and a hole transport material. In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may have a single-layer structure formed of a plurality of different materials, or a structure in which a hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL, a hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / buffer layer, a hole injection layer HIL / buffer layer, a hole transport layer HTL / buffer layer, or a hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / electron blocking layer EBL is stacked in order (e.g., in the recited order) from the first electrode EL1, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0197] The hole transport region HTR can be formed using one or more suitable methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, inkjet printing, laser printing, and / or laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI) method.

[0198] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may include a compound represented by Formula H-1:

[0199] Formula H-1

[0200]

[0201] In Formula H-1, L1 and L2 may each independently be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. a and b may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 10. In one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) a or b is an integer of 2 or greater, then the plurality of L1 or the plurality of L2 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0202] In Formula H-1, Ar1 and Ar2 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. Additionally, in Formula H-1, Ar3 may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0203] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-1 can be a monoamine compound. In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-1 can be a diamine compound in which at least one selected from Ar1 to Ar3 includes an amine group as a substituent. In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-1 can be a carbazole compound including a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group in at least one of Ar1 and Ar2, or a fluorene compound including a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group in at least one of Ar1 and Ar2.

[0204] The compound represented by formula H-1 can be any one of the compounds selected from the group of compounds H. However, the compounds listed in the group of compounds H are only examples, and the compound represented by formula H-1 is not limited to those compounds represented in the group of compounds H:

[0205] Group of compounds H

[0206]

[0207]

[0208] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR can include at least one selected from phthalocyanine compounds such as copper phthalocyanine, N 1 ,N 1 '-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(N 1 -phenyl-N 4 ,N 4 -di-m-tolylbenzene-1,4-diamine)(DNTPD), 4,4',4"-[tris(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4',4"-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4',4"-tris[N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA), polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS), N,N'-di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), triarylamine-containing polyether ketone (TPAPEK), 4-isopropyl-4'-methyldiphenyliodonium [tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate], and dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN), etc.

[0209] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may include at least one selected from carbazole derivatives such as N-phenylcarbazole or polyvinylcarbazole, fluorene derivatives, triphenylamine derivatives such as N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD), 4,4',4''-tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), N,N'-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), 4,4'-cyclohexylidenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), 4,4'-bis[N,N'-(3-tolyl)amino]-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD), and / or 1,3-bis(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (mCP), etc.

[0210] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may include at least one selected from 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole (CzSi), 9-phenyl-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (CCP), and 1,3-bis(1,8-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzene (mDCP), etc.

[0211] The hole transport region HTR may include one or more of the above compounds of the hole transport region HTR in at least one of the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, and the electron blocking layer EBL.

[0212] The thickness of the hole transport region HTR may be about to about For example, about to about When the hole transport region HTR includes the hole injection layer HIL, the hole injection layer HIL may have, for example, about to about of thickness. When the hole transport region HTR includes the hole transport layer HTL, the hole transport layer HTL may have about to about of thickness. For example, if (e.g., when) the hole transport region HTR includes the electron blocking layer EBL, then the electron blocking layer EBL may have about to about of thickness. If (e.g., when) the thicknesses of the hole transport region HTR, the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, and the electron blocking layer EBL satisfy the above ranges, then satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be achieved without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0213] In one or more embodiments, in addition to the above materials, the hole transport region HTR may further include a charge generation material to increase conductivity (e.g., electrical conductivity). The charge generation material may be uniformly (e.g., substantially uniformly) or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport region HTR. The charge generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may include at least one of metal halides, quinone derivatives, metal oxides, and cyanide-containing compounds, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, in one or more embodiments, the p-dopant may include metal halides such as CuI and / or RbI, quinone derivatives such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and / or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ), metal oxides such as tungsten oxide and / or molybdenum oxide, and cyanide-containing compounds such as dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) and / or 4-[[2,3-bis[cyano-(4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)methylene]cyclopropenyl]-cyanomethyl]-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzonitrile (NDP9), etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0214] As described above, in addition to the hole injection layer HIL and the hole transport layer HTL, the hole transport region HTR may further include at least one of a buffer layer and an electron blocking layer EBL. The buffer layer may compensate for the resonance distance according to the wavelength of the light emitted from the emission layer EML, and may thus increase the light emission efficiency. The materials that may be included in the hole transport region HTR may be used as the materials to be included in the buffer layer. The electron blocking layer EBL is a layer for preventing or reducing the injection of electrons from the electron transport region ETR into the hole transport region HTR.

[0215] The emission layer EML may be provided on the hole transport region HTR. The emission layer EML may have, for example, a thickness of about to about or about to about . The emission layer EML may have: a single-layer structure including a single layer formed of a single material, a single-layer structure including a single layer formed of a plurality of different materials, or a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers formed of a plurality of different materials.

[0216] The light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may include a fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 in at least one functional layer disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. In the light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments as a dopant. The fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be a dopant material for the emission layer EML. In the present disclosure, the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be referred to as the first compound.

[0217] The fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments includes a fused polycyclic heterocycle (fused ring nucleus) in which five rings are fused and which includes a first boron atom, a first nitrogen atom, and a first heteroatom, and a first substituent is connected to the fused polycyclic heterocycle. In one or more embodiments, the fused polycyclic heterocycle included in the fused polycyclic compound may be formed of five rings, in which three substituted or unsubstituted benzene rings are connected by the first boron atom, the first nitrogen atom, and the first heteroatom. For example, for the three benzene rings included in the fused polycyclic heterocycle, the three benzene rings may be connected via the first boron atom, among the three benzene rings, the first benzene ring and the second benzene ring may be connected by the first nitrogen atom, and the remaining third benzene ring may be connected to the first benzene ring by the first heteroatom. The first boron atom, the first nitrogen atom, and the first heteroatom may all be connected to the first benzene ring. In one or more embodiments, the first heteroatom may be a nitrogen (N) atom, an oxygen (O) atom, a sulfur (S) atom, or a selenium (Se) atom. In one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) the first heteroatom is a nitrogen atom, the nitrogen atom may be referred to as the second nitrogen atom.

[0218] The fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may include a first substituent attached to the fused polycyclic heterocycle. The first substituent may include a first terphenyl moiety including three benzene rings and a first aryl group attached to the first terphenyl moiety. For example, the first substituent may have the following structure, where the fifth benzene ring and the sixth benzene ring are attached to the fourth benzene ring to be in an ortho-position relationship, and the first aryl group is substituted on the fifth benzene ring. The first substituent may be attached to the fused polycyclic heterocycle through the ortho-carbons of each of the fifth benzene ring and the sixth benzene ring. Any one of the fifth benzene ring and the sixth benzene ring may be attached to the first nitrogen atom of the fused polycyclic heterocycle, and the other may be attached to the first benzene ring or the second benzene ring, each of which is attached to the first nitrogen atom. For example, in one or more embodiments, the fifth benzene ring may be attached to the first nitrogen atom, and the sixth benzene ring may be attached to the first benzene ring. In one or more embodiments, the fifth benzene ring may be attached to the first benzene ring, and the sixth benzene ring may be attached to the first nitrogen atom. In one or more embodiments, the fifth benzene ring may be attached to the first nitrogen atom, and the sixth benzene ring may be attached to the second benzene ring. In one or more embodiments, the fifth benzene ring may be attached to the second benzene ring, and the sixth benzene ring may be attached to the first nitrogen atom.

[0219] When the first substituent is attached to the fused polycyclic heterocycle, four benzene rings may be attached around the first nitrogen atom to form a tetraphenobenzazanonatetraene derivative represented by the following structure S1.

[0220]

[0221] In structure S1, the benzene ring represented by C1 may correspond to the fourth benzene ring of the first substituent, the benzene rings represented by C2 and C3 respectively correspond to the fifth benzene ring and the sixth benzene ring, and D1 may correspond to the first benzene ring or the second benzene ring of the fused polycyclic heterocycle. Here, for convenience of description, the first aryl group attached to the fifth benzene ring is not provided in structure S1.

[0222] In one or more embodiments, the first substituent may include a first aryl group attached to the first terphenyl moiety. The first aryl group may be attached to the fifth benzene ring included in the first terphenyl moiety. The first aryl group may be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments, the first aryl group may be attached to the first terphenyl moiety ortho to the first nitrogen atom, the first benzene ring, or the second benzene ring included in the fused polycyclic heterocycle. For example, if (e.g., when) the fifth benzene ring is attached to the first nitrogen atom and the sixth benzene ring is attached to the first benzene ring, the first aryl group may be attached ortho to the first nitrogen atom. In one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) the fifth benzene ring is attached to the first benzene ring and the sixth benzene ring is attached to the first nitrogen atom, the first aryl group may be attached ortho to the first benzene ring. In one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) the fifth benzene ring is attached to the first nitrogen atom and the sixth benzene ring is attached to the second benzene ring, the first aryl group may be attached ortho to the first nitrogen atom. In one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) the fifth benzene ring is attached to the second benzene ring and the sixth benzene ring is attached to the first nitrogen atom, the first aryl group may be attached ortho to the second benzene ring. In one or more embodiments, the first substituent may denote a substituent represented by Formula 2, which will be described in more detail later.

[0223] The fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be represented by Formula 1.

[0224] Formula 1

[0225]

[0226] The fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments represented by Formula 1 may include the following fused polycyclic heterocycle, in which five rings are fused around the first boron atom, the first nitrogen atom, and the first heteroatom, and the first substituent is attached to the fused polycyclic heterocycle. In the present disclosure, in Formula 1, the benzene ring substituted by the substituent represented by R1 may correspond to the first benzene ring described above, the benzene ring substituted by the substituent represented by R2 may correspond to the second aromatic ring described above, i.e., the second benzene ring, and the benzene ring substituted by the substituent represented by R3 may correspond to the third aromatic ring described above, i.e., the third benzene ring.

[0227] In Formula 1, X may be NR4, O, S, or Se. For example, in one or more embodiments, X may be NR4.

[0228] In Formula 1, S a2 、S a3R1 to R4 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, and / or bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0229] In one or more embodiments, R1 to R3 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, R1 to R3 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted isopropyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted triphenylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group.

[0230] In one or more embodiments, R4 may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, R4 may be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl group.

[0231] In one or more embodiments, in the fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1, at least one selected from R1 to R3 may be a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted isopropyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted triphenylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamino group, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group.

[0232] In Formula 1, n1 may be an integer selected from 0 to 2. If (e.g., when) n1 is 0, then the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may not be substituted by R1. In Formula 1, if (e.g., when) n1 is 2 and the plurality of R1s are each hydrogen, then the embodiment may be the same as if (e.g., when) n1 is 0 in Formula 1. When n1 is 2, the plurality of R1s provided may all be the same, or at least one selected from the plurality of R1s may be different.

[0233] In Formula 1, n2 can be an integer selected from 0 to 3. If (for example, when) n2 is 0, the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may not be substituted by R2. In Formula 1, if (for example, when) n2 is 3 and each of the plurality of R2 is hydrogen, the embodiment may be the same as if (for example, when) n2 in Formula 1 is 0. When n2 is an integer of 2 or greater, the plurality of R2 provided may all be the same, or at least one selected from the plurality of R2 may be different.

[0234] In Formula 1, n3 is an integer selected from 0 to 4. If (for example, when) n3 is 0, the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may not be substituted by R3. In Formula 1, if (for example, when) n3 is 4 and each of the plurality of R3 is hydrogen, the embodiment may be the same as if (for example, when) n3 in Formula 1 is 0. If (for example, when) n3 is an integer of 2 or greater, the plurality of R3 provided may all be the same, or at least one selected from the plurality of R3 may be different.

[0235] In Formula 1, S a1 is the position where the substituent represented by Formula 2 is connected, and S a1 and S a2 and S a1 and S a3 any pair of (for example, the pair of S a1 and S a2 and the pair of S a1 and S a3 any one of) can be the position where the substituent represented by Formula 2 is connected. For example, in one or more embodiments, S a1 and S a2 can be the position where the substituent represented by Formula 2 is connected. In one or more embodiments, S a1 and S a3 can be the position where the substituent represented by Formula 2 is connected.

[0236] Formula 2

[0237]

[0238] The substituent represented by Formula 2 can correspond to the above-mentioned first substituent. In Formula 2, the benzene ring substituted by the substituent represented by z c2 can correspond to the above-mentioned fourth benzene ring, the benzene ring substituted by the substituent represented by z c3 can correspond to the above-mentioned fifth benzene ring, and the benzene ring substituted by the substituent represented by z c1 can correspond to the above-mentioned sixth benzene ring. In Formula 2, the benzene ring substituted by the substituent represented by z c4 can correspond to the above-mentioned first aryl.

[0239] In Formula 2, -* is connected to S in Formula 1 a1 and S a2 and S a1 and S a3 and any one pair of the positions in S.

[0240] In Formula 2, z c1 to z c4 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, one or more selected from z c1 to z c4 can independently bond with adjacent groups to form a ring. For example, in one or more embodiments, z c1 to z c4 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl.

[0241] In Formula 2, m1 and m2 can each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4. If (for example, when) m1 and m2 are each 0, then in one or more embodiments, the fused polycyclic compound may not be substituted by each of z c1 and z c2 . If (for example, when) m1 and m2 are each 4 and each of z c1 and z c2 is hydrogen, then the embodiment may be the same as if (for example, when) m1 and m2 are each 0. If (for example, when) m1 and m2 are each an integer of 2 or greater, then z c1 and z c2 , each provided as multiple, can be the same, or at least one of z c1 and z c2 , each provided as multiple, can be different.

[0242] In Formula 2, m3 can be an integer selected from 0 to 3. If (for example, when) m3 is 0, then in one or more embodiments, the fused polycyclic compound may not be substituted by z c3 . In Formula 2, if (for example, when) m3 is 3 and multiple z c3 are each hydrogen, then the embodiment may be the same as if (for example, when) m3 is 0 in Formula 2. If (for example, when) m3 is an integer of 2 or greater, then z c3may all be the same, or be selected from among multiple z c3 at least one of which may be different.

[0243] In Formula 2, m4 may be an integer selected from 0 to 5. If (e.g., when) m4 is 0, then the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may not be substituted by z c4 In Formula 2, if (e.g., when) m4 is 5 and multiple z c4 are each hydrogen, then the embodiment may be the same as if (e.g., when) m4 is 0 in Formula 2. If (e.g., when) m4 is an integer of 2 or greater, then the z provided as multiple c4 may all be the same, or be selected from among multiple z c4 at least one of which may be different.

[0244] In one or more embodiments, the substituent represented by Formula 2 may be represented by any one selected from Formulas 2-1 to 2-4.

[0245] Formula 2-1

[0246]

[0247] Formula 2-2

[0248]

[0249] Formula 2-3

[0250]

[0251] Formula 2-4

[0252]

[0253] Formulas 2-1 to 2-4 represent embodiments in which the positions in Formula 1 to which the substituent represented by Formula 2 is attached are specified.

[0254] In Formulas 2-1 and 2-2, S c1 may be the position in Formula 1 that is attached to S a1 , and S c2 may be the position in Formula 1 that is attached to S a2 .

[0255] In Formulas 2-3 and 2-4, S d1 may be the position in Formula 1 that is attached to S a1 , and S d2 may be the position in Formula 1 that is attached to S a3 .

[0256] In Formulas 2-1 to 2-4, the same descriptions as those described in Formula 2 may apply to z c1from z to z c4 and m1 to m4.

[0257] In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 (i.e., the fused polycyclic compound) can be represented by any one selected from Formulas 3-1 to 3-4.

[0258] Formula 3-1

[0259]

[0260] Formula 3-2

[0261]

[0262] Formula 3-3

[0263]

[0264] Formula 3-4

[0265]

[0266] In Formulas 3-1 to 3-4, S a2 ' and S a3 ' can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, S a2 ' and S a3 ' can each be hydrogen.

[0267] In Formulas 3-1 to 3-4, the same descriptions as those described in Formulas 1 and 2 can apply to X, R1 to R3, n1 to n3, z c1 to z c4 and m1 to m4.

[0268] In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 can be represented by Formula 4.

[0269] Formula 4

[0270]

[0271] Formula 4 shows an embodiment in which the type or kind of X in Formula 1 is specified.

[0272] In Formula 4, R 4a can be represented by any one selected from Formulas S-1 to S-5.

[0273] Formula S-1

[0274]

[0275] Formula S-3

[0276]

[0277] Formula S-4

[0278]

[0279] Formula S-5

[0280]

[0281] In Formula S-5, Z a may be CR a11 R a12 、NR a13 、O, S or Se.

[0282] In Formulas S-1 to S-5, R a1 to R a13 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, R a1 to R a10 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, or substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl, and R a11 to R a13 may each independently be substituted or unsubstituted methyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl.

[0283] In Formulas S-1 to S-5, q1, q2, q5, q7 and q8 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 5, q3, q4 and q10 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4, and q6 and q9 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 3. If (e.g., when) each of q1 to q10 is 0, then the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may not be substituted by each of R a1 to R a10 . If (e.g., when) each of q1, q2, q5, q7 and q8 is 5 and a plurality of R a1 , R a2 , R a5 , R a7 and R a8When each of them is hydrogen, the embodiment can be the same as if (for example, when) each of q1, q2, q5, q7, and q8 is 0. If (for example, when) q3, q4, and q10 are each 4 and the plurality of R a3 , R a4 , and R a10 are each hydrogen, the embodiment can be the same as if (for example, when) q3, q4, and q10 are each 0. If (for example, when) q6 and q9 are each 3 and the plurality of R a6 and R a9 are each hydrogen, the embodiment can be the same as if (for example, when) q6 and q9 are each 0. If (for example, when) q1 to q10 are each an integer of 2 or greater, the R a1 to R a10 each provided as a plurality can be the same as each other, or at least one selected from the R a1 to R a10 each provided as a plurality can be different.

[0284] In Formulas S-1 to S-5, -* is the position connected to Formula 1.

[0285] In Formula 4, the same descriptions as those described in Formula 1 can be applied to R1 to R3, n1 to n3, S a1 , S a2 , and S a3 .

[0286] The fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may include a second substituent connected to the fused polycyclic heterocycle. The second substituent may include a second terphenyl moiety including three benzene rings and a second aryl group connected to the second terphenyl moiety. For example, the second substituent may have the following structure, in which the eighth benzene ring and the ninth benzene ring are connected to the seventh benzene ring to be in an ortho position relationship, and the second aryl group is substituted on the eighth benzene ring.

[0287] The fused polycyclic compounds of one or more embodiments include a fused polycyclic heterocycle, in which five rings are fused and include a first boron atom, a first nitrogen atom, and a first heteroatom (e.g., a second nitrogen atom). The fused polycyclic compounds of one or more embodiments may include a second substituent connected to the fused polycyclic heterocycle. The second substituent may be connected to the fused polycyclic heterocycle through the ortho - carbons of each of the eighth benzene ring and the ninth benzene ring. Any one of the eighth benzene ring and the ninth benzene ring may be connected to the second nitrogen atom (i.e., the first heteroatom) of the fused polycyclic heterocycle, and the other may be connected to the first benzene ring or the third benzene ring, each of which is connected to the second nitrogen atom. For example, in one or more embodiments, the eighth benzene ring may be connected to the second nitrogen atom, and the ninth benzene ring may be connected to the first benzene ring. In one or more embodiments, the eighth benzene ring may be connected to the first benzene ring, and the ninth benzene ring may be connected to the second nitrogen atom. In one or more embodiments, the eighth benzene ring may be connected to the second nitrogen atom, and the ninth benzene ring may be connected to the third benzene ring. In one or more embodiments, the eighth benzene ring may be connected to the third benzene ring, and the ninth benzene ring may be connected to the second nitrogen atom.

[0288] When the second substituent is connected to the fused polycyclic heterocycle, four benzene rings may be connected around the second nitrogen atom to form a tetrabenzazacoronene derivative represented by the following structure S2.

[0289]

[0290] In structure S2, the benzene ring represented by C4 may correspond to the seventh benzene ring of the second substituent, the benzene rings represented by C5 and C6 respectively correspond to the eighth benzene ring and the ninth benzene ring, and the benzene ring represented by D2 may correspond to the first benzene ring or the third benzene ring of the fused polycyclic heterocycle. At the same time, for convenience of description, the second aryl group connected to the eighth benzene ring is not provided in structure S2.

[0291] In one or more embodiments, the second substituent may include a second aryl group attached to the second terphenyl moiety. The second aryl group may be attached to the eighth benzene ring included in the second terphenyl moiety. The second aryl group may be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments, the second aryl group may be attached to the second terphenyl moiety in the ortho position relative to the second nitrogen atom, the first benzene ring, or the third benzene ring included in the fused polycyclic heterocycle. For example, if (e.g., when) the eighth benzene ring is attached to the second nitrogen atom and the ninth benzene ring is attached to the first benzene ring, the second aryl group may be attached in the ortho position relative to the second nitrogen atom. In one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) the eighth benzene ring is attached to the first benzene ring and the ninth benzene ring is attached to the second nitrogen atom, the second aryl group may be attached in the ortho position relative to the first benzene ring. In one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) the eighth benzene ring is attached to the second nitrogen atom and the ninth benzene ring is attached to the third benzene ring, the second aryl group may be attached in the ortho position relative to the second nitrogen atom. In one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) the eighth benzene ring is attached to the third benzene ring and the ninth benzene ring is attached to the second nitrogen atom, the second aryl group may be attached in the ortho position relative to the third benzene ring. In the present disclosure, the second substituent may indicate the substituent represented by Formula 6, which will be described in more detail later.

[0292] In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 5.

[0293] Formula 5

[0294]

[0295] In Formula 5, n1 may be 0 or 1, n3 may be an integer selected from 0 to 3, S b2 and S b3 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms.

[0296] In Formula 5, S b1 is the position to which the substituent represented by Formula 6 is attached, and S b1 and S b2 and S b1 and S b3 any pair of (e.g., the pair of S b1 and S b2 and the pair of S b1 and S b3Any one of the pairings) can be the position where the substituent represented by Formula 6 is attached. In one or more embodiments, in the fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 5, the substituent represented by Formula 6 can be attached to S b1 and S b2 positions. In one or more embodiments, in the fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 5, the substituent represented by Formula 6 can be attached to S b1 and S b3 positions.

[0297] Formula 6

[0298]

[0299] The substituent represented by Formula 6 can correspond to the second substituent described above. In Formula 6, the benzene ring substituted by the substituent represented by z c6 can correspond to the seventh benzene ring described above, the benzene ring substituted by the substituent represented by z c7 can correspond to the eighth benzene ring described above, and the benzene ring substituted by the substituent represented by z c5 can correspond to the ninth benzene ring described above. In Formula 6, the benzene ring substituted by the substituent represented by Z c8 can correspond to the second aryl group described above.

[0300] In Formula 6, -* can be the position connecting to S in Formula 5 b1 and S b2 and S b1 and S b3 any pair of.

[0301] In Formula 6, z c5 to z c8 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, one or more selected from z c5 to z c8 can independently bond with adjacent groups to form a ring. For example, in one or more embodiments, z c5 to z c8 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl.

[0302] In Formula 6, m5 and m6 can each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4. If (for example, when) m5 and m6 are each 0, then the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may not be substituted by each of z c5 and z c6 . If (for example, when) m5 and m6 are each 4 and each of the plurality of z c5 and z c6 is hydrogen, then the embodiment may be the same as if (for example, when) m5 and m6 are each 0. If (for example, when) m5 and m6 are each an integer of 2 or greater, then each of the plurality of z c5 and z c6 may be the same, or at least one of each of the plurality of z c5 and z c6 may be different.

[0303] In Formula 6, m7 is an integer selected from 0 to 3. If (for example, when) m7 is 0, then the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may not be substituted by z c7 . In Formula 6, if (for example, when) m7 is 3 and each of the plurality of z c7 is hydrogen, then the embodiment may be the same as if (for example, when) m7 is 0 in Formula 6. If (for example, when) m7 is an integer of 2 or greater, then the plurality of z c7 provided may all be the same, or at least one selected from the plurality of z c7 may be different.

[0304] In Formula 6, m8 is an integer selected from 0 to 5. If (for example, when) m8 is 0, then the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may not be substituted by z c8 . In Formula 6, if (for example, when) m8 is 5 and each of the plurality of z c8 is hydrogen, then the embodiment may be the same as if (for example, when) m8 is 0 in Formula 6. If (for example, when) m8 is an integer of 2 or greater, then the plurality of z c8 provided may all be the same, or at least one selected from the plurality of z c8 may be different.

[0305] In Formula 5, the same descriptions as those above in Formula 1 can be applied to S a1 , S a2 , S a3 , R1 to R3 and n2.

[0306] In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 can be represented by any one selected from Formula 7-1 to Formula 7-5.

[0307] Formula 7-1

[0308]

[0309] Formula 7-2

[0310]

[0311] Formula 7-3

[0312]

[0313] Formula 7-4

[0314]

[0315] Formula 7-5

[0316]

[0317] Embodiments in which the types (kinds) of substituents specified by R2 and R3 are shown in Formulas 7-1 to 7-5.

[0318] In Formula 7-1, C1 to C7 can each independently be hydrogen or deuterium.

[0319] In Formulas 7-2 to 7-5, R 2a and R 3a can each independently be cyano, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituent represented by any one of Formulas A-1 to A-5.

[0320] In Formulas 7-2 to 7-5, R 2b and R 3b can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, R 2b and R 3b can each independently be hydrogen or deuterium.

[0321] In Formulas 7-2 to 7-5, s1 can be an integer selected from 0 to 2. If (for example, when) s1 is 0, the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may not be substituted by R 2b . In Formulas 7-2 to 7-5, if (for example, when) s1 is 2 and multiple R 2bWhen each is hydrogen, the embodiment may be the same as if (for example, when) s1 is 0 in Formulas 7-2 to 7-5. If (for example, when) s1 is 2, then Rs provided as multiple 2b may all be the same, or selected from at least one of multiple Rs 2b may be different.

[0322] In Formulas 7-2 to 7-5, s2 may be an integer selected from 0 to 3. If (for example, when) s2 is 0, then the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may not be substituted by R 3b . In Formulas 7-2 to 7-5, if (for example, when) s2 is 3 and multiple Rs 3b are each hydrogen, then the embodiment may be the same as if (for example, when) s2 is 0 in Formulas 7-2 to 7-5. If (for example, when) s2 is 2 or 3, then Rs provided as multiple 3b may all be the same, or selected from at least one of multiple Rs 3b may be different.

[0323] Formula A-1

[0324]

[0325] Formula A-2

[0326]

[0327] Formula A-3

[0328]

[0329] Formula A-4

[0330]

[0331] Formula A-5

[0332]

[0333] In Formulas A-1 to A-5, Rs b1 to Rs b9 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, Rs b1 to Rs b9 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted methyl, or substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl.

[0334] In Formulas A-1 to A-5, z1, z3, z4, and z7 to z9 can each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 5, and z2, z5, and z6 can each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4. If (for example, when) z1 to z9 are each 0, then the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may not be substituted by each of R b1 to R b9 . If (for example, when) z1, z3, z4, and z7 to z9 are each 5 and a plurality of R b1 , R b3 , R b4 , and R b7 to R b9 are each hydrogen, then the embodiment may be the same as if (for example, when) z1, z3, z4, and z7 to z9 are each 0. If (for example, when) z2, z5, and z6 are each 4 and a plurality of R b2 , R b5 , and R b6 are each hydrogen, then the embodiment may be the same as if (for example, when) z2, z5, and z6 are each 0. If (for example, when) z1 to z9 are each an integer of 2 or greater, then each of R b1 to R b9 provided as a plurality may be the same, or at least one selected from each of R b1 to R b9 provided as a plurality may be different.

[0335] In Formulas A-1 to A-5, -* is the position connected to Formulas 7-2 to 7-5.

[0336] In Formulas 7-1 to 7-5, the same descriptions as those above in Formula 1 can be applied to X, R1, n1, S a1 , S a2 , and S a3 .

[0337] In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 can be represented by Formula 8-1 or Formula 8-2.

[0338] Formula 8-1

[0339]

[0340] Formula 8-2

[0341]

[0342] In Formula 8-1, Y1 to Y9 may each independently be hydrogen or deuterium, or may independently be selected from the substituents of Substituent Group 1. For example, in one or more embodiments, at least one selected from Y1 to Y9 may be selected from the substituents of Substituent Group 1, and the others may each independently be hydrogen or deuterium. In one or more embodiments, Y1 to Y9 may each independently be hydrogen or deuterium.

[0343] In Formula 8-2, Z1 to Z7 may each independently be hydrogen or deuterium, or may independently be selected from the substituents of Substituent Group 1. For example, in one or more embodiments, at least one selected from Z1 to Z7 may be selected from the substituents of Substituent Group 1, and the others may each independently be hydrogen or deuterium. In one or more embodiments, Z1 to Z7 may each independently be hydrogen or deuterium.

[0344] In Formula 8-2, S b2 and S b3 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms.

[0345] In Formula 8-2, S b1 is the position where the substituent represented by Formula 6 is connected, and S b1 and S b2 and S b1 and S b3 any pair of which may be the position where the substituent represented by Formula 6 is connected. In one or more embodiments, in the fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 8-2, the substituent represented by Formula 6 may be connected to the positions of S b1 and S b2 In one or more embodiments, in the fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 8-2, the substituent represented by Formula 6 may be connected to the positions of S b1 and S b3 of the positions.

[0346] In one or more embodiments, in the fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 8-2, the substituent represented by Formula 6 may be connected to the positions of S b1 and S b2 of the positions, and S b3 may be hydrogen or deuterium. In one or more embodiments, in the fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 8-2, the substituent represented by Formula 6 may be connected to the positions of S b1 and S b3 of the positions, and S b2 may be hydrogen or deuterium.

[0347] Formula 6

[0348]

[0349] In Formula 6, -* may be connected to S in Formula 8-2 b1 and S b2 and S b1 and S b3 and any pair of positions in S

[0350] In Formula 6, z c5 to z c8 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, one or more selected from z c5 to z c8 may independently bond to adjacent groups to form a ring. For example, in one or more embodiments, z c5 to z c8 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl.

[0351] In Formula 6, m5 and m6 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4. If (for example, when) m5 and m6 are each 0, then the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may not be substituted by each of z c5 and z c6 . If (for example, when) m5 and m6 are each 4 and each of a plurality of z c5 and z c6 is hydrogen, then the embodiment may be the same as if (for example, when) m5 and m6 are each 0. If (for example, when) m5 and m6 are each an integer of 2 or greater, then z c5 and z c6 , each provided as a plurality, may be the same, or at least one of z c5 and z c6 , each provided as a plurality, may be different.

[0352] In Formula 6, m7 may be an integer selected from 0 to 3. If (for example, when) m7 is 0, then the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may not be substituted by z c7 . In Formula 6, if (for example, when) m7 is 3 and a plurality of z c7When each is hydrogen, the embodiment may be the same as if m7 in Formula 6 is 0 (e.g., when). If (e.g., when) m7 is an integer of 2 or greater, then z is provided as multiple c7 may all be the same, or be selected from multiple z c7 at least one of which may be different.

[0353] In Formula 6, m8 may be an integer selected from 0 to 5. If (e.g., when) m8 is 0, then the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may not be substituted by z c8 In Formula 6, if (e.g., when) m8 is 5 and multiple z c8 each is hydrogen, the embodiment may be the same as if m8 in Formula 6 is 0 (e.g., when). If (e.g., when) m8 is an integer of 2 or greater, then z provided as multiple c8 may all be the same, or be selected from multiple z c8 at least one of which may be different.

[0354] Substituent group 1

[0355]

[0356] In Formula 8-1 and Formula 8-2, the same descriptions as those described in Formula 1 may apply to X, S a1 、S a2 and S a3 .

[0357] In one or more embodiments, the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments represented by Formula 1 may include at least one deuterium as a substituent. The fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments represented by Formula 1 may include a structure in which at least one hydrogen is substituted by deuterium.

[0358] The fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be any one of the compounds shown in Compound group 1. At least one functional layer included in the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may include at least one fused polycyclic compound selected from the compounds shown in Compound group 1. The light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may include at least one fused polycyclic compound selected from the compounds shown in Compound group 1 in the emission layer EML.

[0359] Compound group 1

[0360]

[0361]

[0362]

[0363]

[0364]

[0365]

[0366]

[0367]

[0368]

[0369] In the exemplary compounds presented in Compound Group 1, "D" indicates deuterium.

[0370] The fused polycyclic compounds of one or more embodiments represented by Formula 1 have a structure in which a first substituent is connected to a specific position on the fused polycyclic heterocycle, and thus high luminous efficiency and long element service life can be achieved.

[0371] The fused polycyclic compounds of one or more embodiments include a fused polycyclic heterocycle in which five rings are fused around a first boron atom, a first nitrogen atom, and a first heteroatom, and a first substituent connected to the fused polycyclic heterocycle. The first substituent may include a first terphenyl moiety containing three benzene rings, and a first aryl group connected to the first terphenyl moiety. The first aryl group may be connected to the fifth benzene ring included in the first terphenyl moiety to be in the ortho position relative to the fused polycyclic heterocycle. In the fused polycyclic compounds of one or more embodiments, the first substituent may be connected to the fused polycyclic heterocycle to form a tetraphenobenzazacyclononatetraene derivative, and due to the specific spatial structure caused by the first substituent, it may have improved luminous efficiency and element service life.

[0372] The fused polycyclic compounds of one or more embodiments can effectively maintain the trigonal planar structure of the boron atom through the steric effect caused by the first substituent. The boron atom may have an electron-deficient property due to the empty p-orbital, and if not properly protected, it may thus bond with other nucleophiles and change to a tetrahedral structure, which may lead to the deterioration of the light-emitting element. According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, in the fused polycyclic compounds of one or more embodiments, as the first substituent is introduced into the fused ring nucleus, the empty p-orbital of the boron atom can be effectively protected, and accordingly, the deterioration caused by structural deformation can be prevented or reduced.

[0373] In addition, in the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments, the steric effect caused by the first substituent can suppress or reduce the intermolecular interaction to control aggregation, exciton formation or exciplex formation, which can result in improved luminous efficiency. The fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments represented by Formula 1 has a bulky structure, and thus widens the intermolecular distance to reduce Dexter energy transfer, and accordingly, the increase in the concentration of triplet excitons in the fused polycyclic compound can be prevented or reduced. High concentrations of triplet excitons remain in an excited state for a long time, and thus cause compound decomposition, and induce high-energy hot excitons generated by triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA), causing the surrounding compound structure to collapse. Triplet-triplet annihilation is a bimolecular reaction that rapidly quenches triplet excitons for light emission, and thus causes a reduction in luminous efficiency as a non-radiative transition. In addition, in the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments, the intermolecular distance is increased due to the first substituent, and accordingly, Dexter energy transfer can be suppressed or reduced to prevent or reduce the degradation of the element life caused by the increase in triplet energy concentration. Accordingly, when the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments is applied to the emission layer EML of the light-emitting element ED, the luminous efficiency can be increased and the element life can also be improved.

[0374] Figures 12A to 12C Each is a view showing a three-dimensional molecular model of Comparative Example Compound C1. Figures 13A to 13C Each is a view showing a three-dimensional molecular model of Comparative Example Compound C2. Figures 14A to 14C Each is a view showing a three-dimensional molecular model of Comparative Example Compound C3. Figures 15A to 15C Each is a view showing a three-dimensional molecular model of Comparative Example Compound C4. Figures 16A to 16C Each is a view showing a three-dimensional molecular model of Example Compound 1. Figures 17A to 17C Each is a view showing a three-dimensional molecular model of Example Compound 2.

[0375] Figure 12A , Figure 13A , Figure 14A , Figure 15A , Figure 16A and Figure 17A The three-dimensional molecular models of the comparative example compound and the example compound observed from the front are shown respectively. Figure 12B , Figure 13B , Figure 14B , Figure 15B , Figure 16B and Figure 17B The three-dimensional molecular models of the comparative example compound and the example compound viewed from above are shown respectively, and Figure 12C , Figure 13C , Figure 14C ,Figure 15C , Figure 16C and Figure 17C show three - dimensional molecular models of a comparative - example compound and an example compound, respectively, as viewed from the side.

[0376]

[0377]

[0378] The luminescence transition of a multi - resonance molecule centered on a boron atom occurs in a plate - like nucleus, and thus it is necessary to protect the nuclear part from external nucleophiles, free radicals, and decomposition products in the light - emitting element. Accordingly, in order to physically cover and / or shield the empty p - orbital of the boron atom, a method of introducing a phenyl group into the nitrogen atom of the nucleus and extending the substituents connected to the phenyl group can be used. Figures 12A to 17C show the differences in molecular structures, which depend on the type or kind of substituents introduced for steric properties in the fused polycyclic compound.

[0379] Comparative - example compound C1 corresponds to a compound having a structure in which an unsubstituted phenyl group is connected to the nitrogen atom in a fused ring nucleus containing a boron atom and a nitrogen atom. Comparative - example compounds C2 and C3 are fused polycyclic compounds containing a tetraphenylbenzazacyclononatetraene derivative, and are different from example compound 1 and example compound 2, respectively, in that comparative - example compounds C2 and C3 have structures in which no phenyl group is provided that is connected to the tetraphenylbenzazacyclononatetraene derivative. Comparative - example compound C4 corresponds to a compound having a structure in which an unsubstituted terphenyl group is connected to the nitrogen atom in a fused ring nucleus containing a boron atom and a nitrogen atom.

[0380] See Figures 12A to 12C , in comparative - example compound C1, the phenyl group is connected to the nitrogen atom, but the phenyl group itself does not exhibit sufficient steric effects, and thus there will be a reduced boron - atom protection effect, a certain degree of reduction in intermolecular interactions, and a certain degree of inhibition or reduction of Dexter energy transfer, resulting in a reduced effect of reducing the triplet exciton concentration.

[0381] See Figures 13A to 13C , Figures 14A to 14C , Figures 16A to 16C and Figures 17A to 17C, Comparative Example Compound C2 and Comparative Example Compound C3 include a tetraphenoazacoronene derivative in the fused polycyclic compound and may thus have a large steric property compared to Comparative Example Compound C1. The tetraphenoazacoronene derivative has a structure in which four benzene rings are bent around the nine-membered nitrogen-containing ring, and this steric hindrance can contribute to controlling the interaction between molecules. However, if (for example, when) Comparative Example Compound C2 and Comparative Example Compound C3 are compared with Example Compound 1 and Example Compound 2, since the plate-like structure of the tetraphenoazacoronene derivative with respect to the fused ring nucleus has spatiality only in one direction, the other side of the plate-like structure is not protected, and thus the boron atom cannot be effectively protected from external nucleophiles or radicals that may approach from the other side, nor can it be effectively protected from decomposition products in the light-emitting element. In contrast, the structures of Example Compound 1 and Example Compound 2 include a structure in which a tetraphenoazacoronene derivative is included and a phenyl group is additionally introduced at a specific position of the tetraphenoazacoronene derivative. Accordingly, with respect to the plate-like structure of the fused ring nucleus, Example Compound 1 and Example Compound 2 can have spatiality in two directions (for example, simultaneously), and can thus effectively protect the boron atom spatially, resulting in a longer element service life and higher luminous efficiency compared to Comparative Example Compound C2 and Comparative Example Compound C3.

[0382] In addition, referring to Figures 15A to 15C , Comparative Example Compound C4 has a structure in which a terphenyl is connected to a nitrogen atom and may thus have spatiality in two directions (for example, simultaneously) with respect to the plate-like structure of the fused ring nucleus, thereby having a large effect of suppressing or reducing the interaction with surrounding molecules compared to Comparative Example Compound C2 and Comparative Example Compound C3. However, the terphenyl included in Comparative Example Compound C4 has a terminal phenyl group that allows free rotation and may thus have an increased degree of freedom of the terminal substituent adjacent to the boron atom, resulting in a decrease in luminous efficiency and color purity. In contrast, compared to Comparative Example Compound C4, Example Compound 1 and Example Compound 2 in which an additional phenyl group is introduced into the tetraphenoazacoronene derivative have spatiality in two directions (for example, simultaneously) with respect to the plate-like structure and have a rigid property due to the nine-membered ring to suppress or reduce intramolecular movement, resulting in a significantly reduced Stokes shift and improved luminous efficiency and element service life.

[0383] The emission spectrum of the fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 has a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of about 10 nm to about 50 nm, for example, about 20 nm to about 40 nm. Since the emission spectrum of the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments represented by Formula 1 has a FWHM within the above range, when (for example, when) the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments is applied to a light-emitting element, the luminous efficiency can be improved. Additionally, when (for example, when) the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments is used as a blue light-emitting element material of a light-emitting element, the element lifespan can be improved.

[0384] In one or more embodiments, the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments represented by Formula 1 can be a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitting material. In one or more embodiments, the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments represented by Formula 1 can be a TADF dopant having a difference △E between the lowest triplet excitation level (T1 level) and the lowest singlet excitation level (S1 level) of about 0.6 eV or less. ST In one or more embodiments, the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments represented by Formula 1 can be a TADF dopant having a difference △E between the lowest triplet excitation level (T1 level) and the lowest singlet excitation level (S1 level) of about 0.2 eV or less. ST However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0385] In one or more embodiments, the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments represented by Formula 1 can include a first substituent and a second substituent in the compound. By adjusting the number and substitution positions of the first substituent and the second substituent, the singlet energy level and the triplet energy level of the overall compound can be appropriately or suitably adjusted. Accordingly, the fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure can exhibit improved thermally activated delayed fluorescence properties.

[0386] The fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments represented by Formula 1 can be a luminescent material having a maximum emission wavelength in the wavelength range of about 430 nm to about 490 nm. For example, the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments represented by Formula 1 can be a blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) dopant. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and when (for example, when) the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments is used as a luminescent material, the first dopant / first compound can be used as a dopant material that emits light in one or more appropriate wavelength ranges, such as a dopant that emits red light or a dopant that emits green light.

[0387] In the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may emit delayed fluorescence. For example, in one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may emit light of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF).

[0388] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML of the light-emitting element ED may emit blue light. For example, the emission layer EML of the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may emit blue light in a wavelength range of about 490 nm or less. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the emission layer EML may emit green light or red light.

[0389] In one or more embodiments, a fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be included in the emission layer EML. A fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be included in the emission layer EML as a dopant material. A fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material. A fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be used as a thermally activated delayed fluorescence dopant. For example, in the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include at least one selected from the fused polycyclic compounds shown in Compound Group 1 described previously as a thermally activated delayed fluorescence dopant. However, the use of a fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments is not limited thereto.

[0390] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a plurality of compounds. The emission layer EML of one or more embodiments may include a fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1, that is, a first compound, and at least one selected from a second compound represented by Formula HT-1, a third compound represented by Formula ET-1, and a fourth compound represented by Formula D-1.

[0391] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include the first compound represented by Formula 1, and further include at least one selected from the second compound represented by Formula HT-1 and the third compound represented by Formula ET-1.

[0392] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include the second compound represented by Formula HT-1. In one or more embodiments, the second compound may be used as a hole transport host material in the emission layer EML.

[0393] Formula HT-1

[0394]

[0395] In Formula HT-1, M1 to M8 may each independently be N or CR 51 For example, in one or more embodiments, all of M1 to M8 may be CR 51。In one or more embodiments, any one selected from M1 to M8 can be N, and the rest can be CR 51 。

[0396] In formula HT-1, L1 can be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, L1 can be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent biphenyl group, and / or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent carbazolyl group, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0397] In formula HT-1, Y a can be a direct bond, CR 52 R 53 or SiR 54 R 55 。For example, it can mean that two 6-membered rings (e.g., two benzene rings) connected to the nitrogen atom of formula HT-1 can be directly connected, connected. In one or more embodiments, in formula HT-1, if (e.g., when) Y a is a direct bond, then the second compound represented by formula HT-1 can include a carbazole moiety.

[0398] In formula HT-1, Ar a can be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, Ar a can be a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, and / or a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0399] In formula HT-1, R 51 to R 55 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, one or more selected from R 51 to R 55 can independently combine with adjacent groups to form a ring. For example, in one or more embodiments, R 51 to R55 may each independently be hydrogen or deuterium. In one or more embodiments, R 51 to R 55 may each independently be an unsubstituted methyl or an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0400] In one or more embodiments, the second compound represented by formula HT-1 may be any one of the compounds represented in Compound Group 2. The emission layer EML may include at least one of the compounds represented in Compound Group 2 as a hole transport host material.

[0401] Compound Group 2

[0402]

[0403]

[0404]

[0405] In the exemplary compounds presented in Compound Group 2, "D" refers to deuterium, and "Ph" may refer to a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. For example, in the exemplary compounds presented in Compound Group 2, "Ph" may be an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0406] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a third compound represented by formula ET-1. For example, the third compound may be used as an electron transport host material in the emission layer EML.

[0407] Formula ET-1

[0408]

[0409] In formula ET-1, at least one selected from Z a to Z c may be N, and the remainder may be CR 56 . For example, in one or more embodiments, one selected from Z a to Z c may be N, and the remaining two may each independently be CR 56 . In those embodiments, the third compound represented by formula ET-1 may include a pyridine moiety. In one or more embodiments, two selected from Z a to Z c may be N, and the remainder may be CR 56 . In those embodiments, the third compound represented by formula ET-1 may include a pyrimidine moiety. In one or more embodiments, Z a to Z cThey can all be N. In those embodiments, the third compound represented by Formula ET-1 may include a triazine moiety.

[0410] In Formula ET-1, R 56 can be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms.

[0411] In Formula ET-1, b1 to b3 can each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 10.

[0412] In Formula ET-1, Ar b to Ar d can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, Ar b to Ar d can be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group.

[0413] In Formula ET-1, L2 to L4 can each independently be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, if each of b1 to b3 is an integer of 2 or greater, then L2 to L4 can each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0414] In one or more embodiments, the third compound can be any one of the compounds selected from Compound Group 3. The light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments can include at least one of the compounds selected from Compound Group 3.

[0415] Compound Group 3

[0416]

[0417]

[0418]

[0419]

[0420]

[0421]

[0422]

[0423] Among the exemplary compounds presented in Compound Group 3, "D" refers to deuterium, and "Ph" refers to an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0424] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a second compound and a third compound, and the second compound and the third compound may form an exciplex. In the emission layer EML, the exciplex may be formed by a hole-transporting host and an electron-transporting host. In these embodiments, the triplet energy level of the exciplex formed by the hole-transporting host and the electron-transporting host may correspond to the difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the electron-transporting host and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the hole-transporting host.

[0425] For example, in one or more embodiments, the absolute value of the triplet energy level (T1 level) of the exciplex formed by the hole-transporting host and the electron-transporting host may be from about 2.4 eV to about 3.0 eV. Additionally, the triplet energy level of the exciplex may be a value smaller than the energy gap of each host material. The exciplex may have a triplet energy level of about 3.0 eV or less, i.e., the energy gap between the hole-transporting host and the electron-transporting host.

[0426] In one or more embodiments, in addition to the first compound to the third compound, the emission layer EML may include a fourth compound. The fourth compound may be used as a sensitizer for the emission layer EML. Since energy can be transferred from the fourth compound to the first compound, light emission may be induced.

[0427] For example, in one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include an organometallic complex as the fourth compound, the organometallic complex including platinum (Pt) as a central metal atom and ligands bonded to the central metal atom. In the light-emitting device ED of one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a compound represented by Formula D-1 as the fourth compound.

[0428] Formula D-1

[0429]

[0430] In Formula D-1, Q1 to Q4 may each independently be C or N.

[0431] In Formula D-1, Ring C1 to Ring C4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring group having 5 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0432] In Formula D-1, L 11 to L 13Each may independently be a direct bond, *-O-*, *-S-*, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In L 11 to L 13 ,"-*" refers to the moiety connected to Ring C1 to Ring C4.

[0433] In Formula D-1, b11 to b13 may each independently be 0 or 1. If (for example, when) b11 is 0, then C1 and C2 may not be connected. If (for example, when) b12 is 0, then C2 and C3 may not be connected. If (for example, when) b13 is 0, then C3 and C4 may not be connected.

[0434] In Formula D-1, R 61 to R 66 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, one or more selected from R 61 to R 66 may each independently combine with an adjacent group to form a ring. In one or more embodiments, R 61 to R 66 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted methyl or a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl.

[0435] In Formula D-1, d1 to d4 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4. In Formula D-1, if (for example, when) d1 to d4 are each 0, then the fourth compound may be substituted by R 61 to R 64 respectively. An embodiment in which d1 to d4 are each 4 and a plurality of R 61 to R 64 are each hydrogen may be the same as an embodiment in which d1 to d4 are each 0. If (for example, when) d1 to d4 are each an integer of 2 or greater, then each of a plurality of R 61 to R 64 may be the same, or at least one selected from a plurality of R 61 to R 64 may be different.

[0436] In Formula D-1, Ring C1 to Ring C4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group represented by any one selected from C-1 to C-4.

[0437]

[0438]

[0439] In C-1 to C-4, P1 may be C-* or CR 74 , P2 may be N-* or NR 81 , P3 may be N-* or NR 82 , and P4 may be C-* or CR 88 . R 71 to R 88 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, and / or may combine with an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0440] Additionally, in C-1 to C-4, is a portion connected to the central metal atom of Pt, and "-*" corresponds to a portion connected to Ring C1 to Ring C4 of an adjacent ring group or a linker L 11 to L 13 connected portion.

[0441] The emission layer EML of one or more embodiments may include a first compound that is a fused polycyclic compound of the present disclosure, and at least one selected from second to fourth compounds. For example, in one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a first compound, a second compound, and a third compound. In the emission layer EML, the second compound and the third compound may form an exciplex, and through the exciplex, energy transfer to the first compound may be caused, and light emission may be caused.

[0442] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a first compound, a second compound, a third compound, and a fourth compound. In the emission layer EML, the second compound and the third compound may form an exciplex, and through the exciplex, energy transfer to the fourth compound and the first compound may be caused, and light emission may be caused. In one or more embodiments, the fourth compound may be a sensitizer. In a light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, the fourth compound included in the emission layer EML may act as a sensitizer and may function to transfer energy from the host to the first compound serving as a light-emitting dopant. For example, in one or more embodiments, the fourth compound acting as a co-dopant may accelerate energy transfer to the first compound serving as a light-emitting dopant and increase the light-emitting ratio of the first compound. Accordingly, the light-emitting efficiency of the emission layer EML of one or more embodiments may be improved. Additionally, if (e.g., when) the energy transfer to the first compound increases, the excitons formed in the emission layer EML may not accumulate but may emit light rapidly, and deterioration of the light-emitting element may be reduced. Accordingly, the element service life of the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may be increased.

[0443] The light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may include all of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound, and the emission layer EML may include a combination of two host materials and two dopant materials. In the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may simultaneously (e.g., synchronously) include the second compound and the third compound as two different hosts, the first compound emitting delayed fluorescence, and the fourth compound being an organometallic complex, and may exhibit excellent or appropriate light-emitting efficiency properties.

[0444] In one or more embodiments, the fourth compound represented by Formula D-1 may include at least one selected from the compounds represented in Compound Group 4. The emission layer EML may include at least one selected from the compounds represented in Compound Group 4 as a sensitizer.

[0445] Compound Group 4

[0446]

[0447]

[0448]

[0449]

[0450] In the exemplary compounds presented in Compound Group 4, "D" refers to deuterium.

[0451] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may include a plurality of emission layers. The emission layers may be stacked in sequence and provided, and for example, the light-emitting element ED including a plurality of emission layers may emit white light (e.g., combined white light). The light-emitting element ED including a plurality of emission layers may be a light-emitting element having a series structure. If (e.g., when) the light-emitting element ED includes a plurality of emission layers, then at least one emission layer EML may include a first compound represented by Formula 1 of one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) the light-emitting element ED includes a plurality of emission layers, then at least one emission layer EML may include all of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound.

[0452] In the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) the emission layer EML includes all of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound, then based on the total weight of 100 wt% of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound, the amount of the first compound may be about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. If (e.g., when) the amount of the first compound satisfies the above ratio, then the energy transfer from the second compound and the third compound to the first compound may increase, and accordingly, the luminous efficiency and the element service life may increase.

[0453] In the emission layer EML, the total amount of the second compound and the third compound may be the remaining amount excluding the amounts of the first compound and the fourth compound. For example, based on the total weight of 100 wt% of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound, the total amount of the second compound and the third compound may be about 65 wt% to about 95 wt%.

[0454] In the total amount of the second compound and the third compound, the weight ratio of the second compound to the third compound may be about 3:7 to about 7:3.

[0455] If (e.g., when) the total amount of the second compound and the third compound satisfies the above ratio, then the charge balance property in the emission layer EML may be improved, and the luminous efficiency and the element service life may be improved. If the total amount of the second compound and the third compound deviates from the above ratio range, then the charge balance in the emission layer EML will be broken, the luminous efficiency will deteriorate, and the light-emitting element ED will be prone to deterioration.

[0456] In one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) the emission layer EML includes a fourth compound, then based on the total weight of 100 wt% of the first compound, second compound, third compound, and fourth compound in the emission layer EML, the amount of the fourth compound may be from about 4 wt% to about 30 wt%. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. If (e.g., when) the amount of the fourth compound satisfies the above amount, then the energy transfer from the host to the first compound as the luminescent dopant may increase, and the emission ratio may be improved. Accordingly, the luminous efficiency of the emission layer EML can be improved. If (e.g., when) the ratio of the amounts of the first compound, second compound, third compound, and fourth compound included in the emission layer EML satisfies the ratio of the above amounts, excellent or appropriate luminous efficiency and long device lifetime of the light-emitting device can be achieved.

[0457] In the light-emitting device ED of one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may further include one or more selected from anthracene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, fluoranthene derivatives, 1,2-benzophenanthrene derivatives, dihydrobenzanthracene derivatives, and triphenylene derivatives. For example, in some embodiments, the emission layer EML may include one or more anthracene derivatives or one or more pyrene derivatives.

[0458] In Figures 3 to 6 the light-emitting device ED of the embodiment shown in, in addition to the above host and dopant, the emission layer EML may further include one or more suitable hosts and dopants. For example, in some embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a compound represented by Formula E-1. The compound represented by Formula E-1 can be used as a fluorescent host material.

[0459] Formula E-1

[0460]

[0461] In Formula E-1, R 31 to R 40 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted thio, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, and / or combine with an adjacent group to form a ring. In one or more embodiments, one or more selected from R 31 to R 40 may combine with an adjacent group to form a saturated hydrocarbon ring group, unsaturated hydrocarbon ring group, saturated heterocyclic group, or unsaturated heterocyclic group.

[0462] In Formula E-1, "c" and "d" can each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 5.

[0463] The compound represented by Formula E-1 can be any one selected from Compound E1 to Compound E19.

[0464]

[0465]

[0466] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML can include a compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b. The compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b can be used as a phosphorescent host material.

[0467] Formula E-2a

[0468]

[0469] In Formula E-2a, "a" can be an integer selected from 0 to 10, and La can be a directly connected, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, if (for example, when) "a" is an integer of 2 or greater, then multiple Las can each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0470] In addition, in Formula E-2a, A1 to A5 can each independently be N or CR i . R a to R i can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfide group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, and / or can combine with an adjacent group to form a ring. In one or more embodiments, one or more selected from R a to R i can combine with an adjacent group to form a hydrocarbon ring group or a heterocyclic group including N, O, and / or S, etc. as ring-forming atoms.

[0471] In one or more embodiments, in Formula E-2a, two or three selected from A1 to A5 can be N, and the remaining can be CR i .

[0472] Formula E-2b

[0473]

[0474] In formula E-2b, Cbz1 and Cbz2 may each independently be an unsubstituted carbazolyl group or a carbazolyl group substituted with an aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms. L b may be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. "b" may be an integer selected from 0 to 10, and if (for example, when) "b" is an integer of 2 or greater, then the plurality of L b may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0475] The compound represented by formula E-2a or formula E-2b may be any one of the compounds in the compound group E-2. However, the compounds shown in the compound group E-2 are only examples, and the compound represented by formula E-2a or formula E-2b is not limited to the compounds represented in the compound group E-2.

[0476] Compound group E-2

[0477]

[0478]

[0479]

[0480] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may further include a material that is well-suited as a host material in the art. For example, the emission layer EML may include at least one of bis(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)diphenylsilane (BCPDS), (4-(1-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)cyclohexyl)phenyl)diphenyl-phosphine oxide (POPCPA), bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether oxide (DPEPO), 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-bis(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (mCP), 2,8-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)dibenzofuran (PPF), 4,4',4''-tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), and 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi) as the host material. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3), 9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 2-tert-butyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (TBADN), distyrylarylene (DSA), 4,4'-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2'-dimethyl-biphenyl (CDBP), 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), hexaphenylcyclotriphosphazene (CP1), 1,4-bis(triphenylsilyl)benzene (UGH2), hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane (DPSiO3), and / or octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane (DPSiO4), etc. can be used as the host material.

[0481] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a compound represented by formula M-a. The compound represented by formula M-a can be used as a phosphorescent dopant material.

[0482] Formula M-a

[0483]

[0484] In formula M-a, Y1 to Y4 and Z1 to Z4 may each independently be CR1 or N, and R1 to R4 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and / or may combine with adjacent groups to form a ring. In formula M-a, "m" is 0 or 1, and "n" is 2 or 3. In formula M-a, if (for example, when) "m" is 0, then "n" is 3, and if (for example, when) "m" is 1, then "n" is 2.

[0485] The compound represented by formula M-a can be used as a phosphorescent dopant.

[0486] The compound represented by formula M-a can be any one selected from compound M-a1 to compound M-a25. However, compound M-a1 to compound M-a25 are only examples, and the compound represented by formula M-a is not limited to the compounds represented by compound M-a1 to compound M-a25.

[0487]

[0488]

[0489] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may further include a compound represented by any one selected from formula F-a to formula F-c. The compounds represented by formula F-a to formula F-c can be used as fluorescent dopant materials.

[0490] Formula F-a

[0491]

[0492] In formula F-a, two selected from R a to R j may each independently be replaced by *-NAr1Ar2. The remaining groups of R a to R j that are not replaced by *-NAr1Ar2 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In *-NAr1Ar2, Ar1 and Ar2 may each independently be substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. For example, in some embodiments, at least one selected from Ar1 and Ar2 may be a heteroaryl including O or S as a ring atom.

[0493] Formula F-b

[0494]

[0495] In formula F-b, R a and R bEach may independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and / or may combine with an adjacent group to form a ring. Ar1 to Ar4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0496] In Formula F-b, U and V may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from Ar1 to Ar4 may be a heteroaryl group including O or S as a ring atom.

[0497] In Formula F-b, the number of rings represented by U and V may each independently be 0 or 1. For example, in Formula F-b, if (e.g., when) the number of U or V is 1, then one ring forms a fused ring in the portion indicated by U or V, and if (e.g., when) the number of U or V is 0, then no ring exists in the portion indicated by U or V. For example, if (e.g., when) the number of U is 0 and the number of V is 1, or if (e.g., when) the number of U is 1 and the number of V is 0, then the fused ring having a fluorene nucleus in Formula F-b may be a ring compound having four rings. In one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) the number of U and the number of V are each 0, then the fused ring having a fluorene nucleus in Formula F-b may be a ring compound having three rings. In one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) the number of U and the number of V are each 1, then the fused ring having a fluorene nucleus in Formula F-b may be a ring compound having five rings.

[0498] Formula F-c

[0499]

[0500] In Formula F-c, A1 and A2 may each independently be O, S, Se or NR m , and R m may be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. R1 to R 11Each may independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxygen group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfur group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and / or combine with an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0501] In one or more embodiments, in Formula F-c, A1 and A2 may each independently combine with a substituent of an adjacent ring to form a fused ring. For example, if (e.g., when) A1 and A2 may each independently be NR m (when), then A1 may combine with R4 or R5 to form a ring. Additionally, A2 may combine with R7 or R8 to form a ring.

[0502] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include one or more selected from styryl derivatives (e.g., 1,4-bis[2-(3-N-ethylcarbazolyl)vinyl]benzene (BCzVB), 4-(di-p-tolylamino)-4'-[(di-p-tolylamino)styryl]stilbene (DPAVB), N-(4-((E)-2-(6-((E)-4-(diphenylamino)styryl)naphthalen-2-yl)vinyl)phenyl)-N-phenylaniline (N-BDAVBi), and 4,4'-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl (DPAVBi)), perylene and its derivatives (e.g., 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butylperylene (TBP)), and pyrene and its derivatives (e.g., 1,1'-dipyrene, 1,4-dipyrenylbenzene, and 1,4-bis(N,N-diphenylamino)pyrene) as suitable dopant materials.

[0503] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a suitable phosphorescent dopant material. For example, the phosphorescent dopant may use a metal complex including iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), or thulium (Tm). For example, bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridinato-N,C2')iridium(III) picolinate (FIrpic), bis(2,4-difluorophenylpyridinato)-tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borate iridium(III) (FIr6), or platinum octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) may be used as the phosphorescent dopant. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0504] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include quantum dots.

[0505] In the present disclosure, a quantum dot refers to a crystal of a semiconductor compound. The quantum dot can emit light within one or more appropriate wavelengths according to the size of the crystal. By controlling the elemental ratio in the quantum dot compound, the quantum dot can emit light within one or more appropriate wavelengths.

[0506] The diameter of the quantum dot can be, for example, about 1 nm to about 10 nm. In the present disclosure, when the quantum dot, multiple quantum dots, or quantum dot particles are spherical, "diameter" indicates the particle size or average particle size, and when the particles are non-spherical, "diameter" indicates the major axis length or average major axis length. The diameter of the particles can be measured using a scanning electron microscope or a particle size analyzer. As a particle size analyzer, for example, the HORIBA, LA-950 laser particle size analyzer can be used. When measuring the size of the particles using a particle size analyzer, the average particle size is referred to as D 50 . D 50 refers to the average diameter of the particles whose cumulative volume corresponds to 50 vol% in the particle size distribution (e.g., cumulative distribution), and refers to the value of the particle size corresponding to 50% starting from the smallest particles when the total number of particles is 100% in the distribution curve accumulated in the order of the smallest particle size to the largest particle size.

[0507] Quantum dots can be synthesized by chemical bath deposition, metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), or similar processes.

[0508] Chemical bath deposition is a method of mixing an organic solvent and a precursor material of the quantum dot, and then growing the quantum dot particle crystal. During the process of growing the quantum dot particle crystal, the organic solvent can naturally act as a dispersant that coordinates on the surface of the quantum dot particle crystal and can control the growth of the quantum dot particle crystal. Accordingly, if (e.g., when) compared with vapor deposition methods including metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), chemical bath deposition is more advantageous and can control or select the growth of the quantum dot particle crystal through a low-cost process.

[0509] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML can include a quantum dot material. In one or more embodiments, the quantum dot can have a core / shell structure. The core of the quantum dot can be selected from group II-VI compounds, group III-VI compounds, group I-III-VI compounds, group III-V compounds, group III-II-V compounds, group IV-VI compounds, group II-IV-V compounds, group IV elements, group IV compounds, and / or one or more (e.g., any suitable) combinations thereof.

[0510] The Group II-VI compounds may be selected from the group consisting of: binary compounds selected from the group consisting of: CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS, and (e.g., any suitable) mixtures thereof; ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of: CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS, and (e.g., any suitable) mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of: HgZnTeS, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, and (e.g., any suitable) mixtures thereof. In one or more embodiments, the Group II-VI compounds may further include Group I metals and / or Group IV elements. The Group I-II-VI compounds may be selected from CuZnS, and the Group II-IV-VI compounds may be selected from ZnSnS, etc. The Group I-II-IV-VI compounds may be selected from: quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of: Cu2ZnSnS2, Cu2ZnSnS4, Cu2ZnSnSe4, Ag2ZnSnS2, and (e.g., any suitable) mixtures thereof.

[0511] The Group III-VI compounds may include binary compounds such as In2S3 and / or In2Se3, ternary compounds such as InGaS3 and / or InGaSe3, or any combination thereof.

[0512] The Group I-III-VI compounds may be selected from: ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of: AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, AgGaS2, CuGaS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, AgAlO2, and mixtures thereof, and / or quaternary compounds such as AgInGaS2 and / or CuInGaS2.

[0513] The group III-V compounds can be selected from the group consisting of: binary compounds selected from the group consisting of: GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of: GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InAlP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, and mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of: GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, and mixtures thereof. In one or more embodiments, the group III-V compounds can further include group II metals. For example, InZnP etc. can be selected as group III-II-V compounds.

[0514] The group IV-VI compounds can be selected from the group consisting of: binary compounds selected from the group consisting of: SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, and (for example, any suitable) mixtures thereof; ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of: SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, and (for example, any suitable) mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of: SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe, and (for example, any suitable) mixtures thereof.

[0515] The group II-IV-V compounds can be selected from: ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of: ZnSnP, ZnSnP2, ZnSnAs2, ZnGeP2, ZnGeAs2, CdSnP2, CdGeP2, and (for example, any suitable) mixtures thereof.

[0516] The group IV elements can be selected from the group consisting of: Si, Ge, and (for example, any suitable) mixtures thereof. The group IV compounds can be binary compounds selected from the group consisting of: SiC, SiGe, and (for example, any suitable) mixtures thereof.

[0517] Each element included in a multi-element compound (such as a binary compound, a ternary compound, and a quaternary compound) may be present in the particles at a substantially uniform concentration or a non-uniform concentration. For example, the above chemical formula indicates the type (species) of elements included in the compound, and the element ratios in the compound may vary. For example, AgInGaS2 may indicate AgIn x Ga 1-x S2(0 < x < 1).

[0518] In one or more embodiments, the binary compound, ternary compound, or quaternary compound may be present in the particles at a substantially uniform concentration or may be present in the same particles in a partially different concentration distribution state. For example, a core / shell structure in which one quantum dot encapsulates another quantum dot may be possible. The interface between the core and the shell may have a concentration gradient, where the concentration of the elements present in the shell decreases towards the center of the core.

[0519] In one or more embodiments, the quantum dot may have the above core / shell structure, which includes a core containing nanocrystals and a shell encapsulating the core. The shell of the quantum dot may act as a protective layer for preventing or reducing the chemical denaturation of the core to maintain its semiconductor properties and / or a charging layer for imparting electrophoretic properties to the quantum dot. The shell may have a single layer or multiple layers. Examples of the shell of the quantum dot may include metal oxides or non-metal oxides, semiconductor compounds, and / or one or more (e.g., any suitable) combinations thereof.

[0520] For example, the metal oxides or non-metal oxides used for the shell may include binary compounds such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, and / or NiO, and / or ternary compounds such as MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and / or CoMn2O4, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0521] Also, semiconductor compounds suitable as the shell may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, and / or AlSb, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0522] The quantum dot may have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission spectrum of about 45 nm or less, about 40 nm or less, or about 30 nm or less. Within this range, the color purity or color reproducibility of the quantum dot can be improved. In addition, the light emitted through such a quantum dot is emitted in all directions, and the light viewing angle properties can be improved.

[0523] In addition, the shape of the quantum dots can be any suitable shape used in the art without specific limitation. For example, shapes such as spherical nanoparticles, conical nanoparticles, multi-arm nanoparticles, cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, and / or nanoplatelets can be used.

[0524] By adjusting the size of the quantum dots or the ratio of elements in the quantum dot compound, the bandgap of the quantum dots can be correspondingly controlled or selected to obtain light in one or more appropriate wavelength ranges from the quantum dot emission layer. Therefore, by using the quantum dots as described above (using quantum dots of different sizes and / or quantum dot compounds having different element ratios), a light-emitting element that emits light in one or more appropriate wavelength ranges can be obtained. For example, the size of the quantum dots or the ratio of elements in the quantum dot compound can be adjusted to ensure that the quantum dots emit red, green, and / or blue light. In one or more embodiments, the quantum dots can be configured to emit white light by combining light of one or more appropriate colors.

[0525] In the light-emitting element ED of the embodiment, as Figures 3 to 6 shown, an electron transport region ETR can be provided on the emission layer EML. The electron transport region ETR can include at least one of a hole blocking layer HBL, an electron transport layer ETL, and an electron injection layer EIL. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0526] The electron transport region ETR can have: a single-layer structure including a single layer formed of a single material, a single-layer structure including a single layer formed of multiple different materials, or a multi-layer structure having multiple layers formed of multiple different materials.

[0527] For example, in one or more embodiments, the electron transport region ETR can have a single-layer structure of an electron injection layer EIL or an electron transport layer ETL, or a single-layer structure formed of an electron injection material and an electron transport material. In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region ETR can have a single-layer structure formed of multiple different materials, or a structure stacked from the emission layer EML: electron transport layer ETL / electron injection layer EIL or hole blocking layer HBL / electron transport layer ETL / electron injection layer EIL, without limitation. The thickness of the electron transport region ETR can be, for example, about to about

[0528] The electron transport region ETR can be formed using one or more appropriate methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, inkjet printing, laser printing, and / or laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI) method.

[0529] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may include a compound represented by Formula ET-2.

[0530] Formula ET-2

[0531]

[0532] In Formula ET-2, at least one selected from X1 to X3 may be N, and the remainder is CR a . R a may be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. Ar1 to Ar3 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0533] In Formula ET-2, "a" to "c" may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 10. In Formula ET-2, L1 to L3 may each independently be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) "a" to "c" are integers of 2 or greater, then L1 to L3 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0534] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may include an anthracene compound. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, in some embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may include, for example, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3), 1,3,5-tris[(3-pyridinyl)-benzene-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris(3'-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzimidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-9,10-dinaphthoanthracene, 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 4-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), 2-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole( tAt least one of bis(2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline-N1,O8)-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-ol) (Bu-PBD), bis(2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline-N1,O8)-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-ol) aluminum (BAlq), bis(benzoquinolinato-10-hydroxy)beryllium (Bebq2), 9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 1,3-bis[3,5-bis(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene (BmPyPhB), CNNPTRZ (4'-(4-(4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile), and mixtures thereof, without limitation.

[0535] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may include any one of the compounds selected from the group of compounds 3.

[0536] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may include at least one selected from Compound ET1 to Compound ET36.

[0537]

[0538]

[0539]

[0540]

[0541] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may include metal halides such as LiF, NaCl, CsF, RbCl, RbI, CuI, and / or KI, lanthanide metals such as Yb, or co-deposited materials of metal halides and lanthanide metals. For example, the electron transport region ETR may include KI:Yb, RbI:Yb, and / or LiF:Yb, etc. as co-deposited materials. In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may use metal oxides such as Li2O and / or BaO, or lithium 8-hydroxyquinoline (Liq). However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may also be formed using a mixed material of an electron transport material and an insulating organometallic salt. The insulating organometallic salt may be a material having a band gap of about 4 eV or greater. For example, the insulating organometallic salt may include, for example, one or more of metal acetates, metal benzoates, metal acetoacetates, metal acetylacetonates, and metal stearates.

[0542] In one or more embodiments, in addition to one or more of the foregoing materials, the electron transport region ETR may include at least one of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), diphenyl(4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (TSPO1), and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen). However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0543] The electron transport region ETR may include one or more compounds of the electron transport region ETR in at least one selected from the group consisting of an electron injection layer EIL, an electron transport layer ETL, and a hole blocking layer HBL.

[0544] If (e.g., when) the electron transport region ETR includes an electron transport layer ETL, the thickness of the electron transport layer ETL may be about to about For example, about to about If (e.g., when) the thickness of the electron transport layer ETL satisfies the above range, satisfactory electron transport properties can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage. If (e.g., when) the electron transport region ETR includes an electron injection layer EIL, the thickness of the electron injection layer EIL may be about to about For example, about to about If (e.g., when) the thickness of the electron injection layer EIL satisfies the above range, satisfactory electron injection properties can be obtained without causing a significant increase in the driving voltage.

[0545] The second electrode EL2 may be provided on the electron transport region ETR. The second electrode EL2 may be a common electrode. The second electrode EL2 may be a cathode or an anode, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, if (e.g., when)

[0546] the first electrode EL1 is an anode, the second electrode EL2 may be a cathode, and if (e.g., when) the first electrode EL1 is a cathode, the second electrode EL2 may be an anode. The second electrode may include at least one of Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, In, Sn, and Zn, a compound selected from two or more of these, a mixture selected from two or more of these, or an oxide thereof.

[0547] The second electrode EL2 can be a transmissive electrode, a transmissive-reflective electrode, or a reflective electrode. If (e.g., when) the second electrode EL2 is a transmissive electrode, the second electrode EL2 can include a transparent metal oxide, e.g., ITO, IZO, ZnO, and / or ITZO, etc.

[0548] If (e.g., when) the second electrode EL2 is a transmissive-reflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the second electrode EL2 can include at least one of Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, Yb, and W, including one or more compounds thereof or one or more mixtures thereof (e.g., AgMg, AgYb, or MgYb), or a material having a multilayer structure such as LiF / Ca (a stacked structure of LiF and Ca) or LiF / Al (a stacked structure of LiF and Al). In one or more embodiments, the second electrode EL2 can have a multilayer structure, which includes a reflective layer or a transmissive-reflective layer formed using one or more of the above materials and a transparent conductive layer formed using ITO, IZO, ZnO, and / or ITZO, etc. For example, the second electrode EL2 can include one of the aforementioned metal materials, a combination of two or more metal materials selected from the aforementioned metal materials, or one or more oxides of the aforementioned metal materials.

[0549] In one or more embodiments, the second electrode EL2 can be connected to an auxiliary electrode. If (e.g., when) the second electrode EL2 is connected to the auxiliary electrode, the resistance of the second electrode EL2 can be reduced.

[0550] In one or more embodiments, a capping layer CPL can be further disposed on the second electrode EL2 in the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments. The capping layer CPL can include multiple layers or a single layer.

[0551] In one or more embodiments, the capping layer CPL can be an organic layer or an inorganic layer. For example, if (e.g., when) the capping layer CPL includes an inorganic material, the inorganic material can include an alkali metal compound such as LiF, an alkaline earth metal compound such as MgF2, SiON, SiN x , and / or SiO y , etc.

[0552] For example, in some embodiments, if (e.g., when) the capping layer CPL includes an organic material, the organic material may include 2,2'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis[(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl]-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (α-NPD), NPB, TPD, m-MTDATA, Alq3, CuPc, N4,N4,N4',N4'-tetrakis(biphenyl-4-yl)biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD15), and / or 4,4',4''-tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), etc., or includes an epoxy resin or an acrylate (such as a methacrylate). In one or more embodiments, the capping layer CPL may include at least one selected from Compound P1 to Compound P5, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0553]

[0554]

[0555] In one or more embodiments, the refractive index of the capping layer CPL may be about 1.6 or greater. For example, the refractive index of the capping layer CPL may be about 1.6 or greater with respect to light in a wavelength range of about 550 nm to about 660 nm.

[0556] Figures 7 to 10 Each is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In the explanation of the display device of the embodiment with reference to Figures 7 to 10 For the sake of brevity, the parts overlapping with the explanation of Figures 1 to 6 will not be repeated, and only the different features will be mainly explained.

[0557] See Figure 7 , a display device DD-a according to one or more embodiments may include: a display panel DP including a display element layer DP-ED, a light control layer CCL disposed on the display panel DP, and a color filter layer CFL. In one or more embodiments shown in Figure 7 , the display panel DP may include a base layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the base layer BS, and a display element layer DP-ED, and the display element layer DP-ED may include a light-emitting element ED.

[0558] The light-emitting element ED may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR disposed on the first electrode EL1, an emission layer EML disposed on the hole transport region HTR, an electron transport region ETR disposed on the emission layer EML, and a second electrode EL2 disposed on the electron transport region ETR. In one or more embodiments, the same structure as any light-emitting element of Figures 3 to 6 may be applied to Figure 7The structure of the light-emitting element ED shown therein.

[0559] The emission layer EML of the light-emitting element ED included in the display device DD-a according to one or more embodiments may include the fused polycyclic compound of the above one or more embodiments.

[0560] See Figure 7 , the emission layer EML may be disposed in the opening OH defined in the pixel defining layer PDL. For example, the emission layer EML divided by the pixel defining layer PDL and correspondingly provided to each of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may emit light in substantially the same wavelength region. In the display device DD-a according to one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may emit blue light. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may be provided as a common layer for all the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B.

[0561] The light control layer CCL may be disposed on the display panel DP. The light control layer CCL may include a light converter. The light converter may be a quantum dot or a phosphor. The light converter may convert the wavelength of the provided light and then emit it. For example, the light control layer CCL may be a layer including quantum dots and / or a layer including phosphors.

[0562] The light control layer CCL may include a plurality of light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. The light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 may be separated from each other.

[0563] See Figure 7 , the separation pattern BMP may be disposed between the separate light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In Figure 7 , the separation pattern BMP is shown not to overlap with the light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3, but in some embodiments, at least a part of the edges of the light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 may overlap with the separation pattern BMP.

[0564] In one or more embodiments, the light control layer CCL may include a first light control component CCP1, which includes a first quantum dot QD1 that converts the first color light provided from the light emitting element ED into a second color light, a second light control component CCP2, which includes a second quantum dot QD2 that converts the first color light into a third color light, and a third light control component CCP3 that transmits the first color light. In one or more embodiments, the first light control component CCP1 may provide red light as the second color light, and the second light control component CCP2 may provide green light as the third color light. The third light control component CCP3 may transmit and provide blue light, which is the first color light provided from the light emitting element ED. For example, in one or more embodiments, the first quantum dot QD1 may be a red quantum dot that emits red light, and the second quantum dot QD2 may be a green quantum dot that emits green light. The same content as those quantum dots described above may be applied to the first quantum dot QD1 and the second quantum dot QD2.

[0565] In one or more embodiments, the light control layer CCL may further include a scatterer SP. The first light control component CCP1 may include the first quantum dot QD1 and the scatterer SP, the second light control component CCP2 may include the second quantum dot QD2 and the scatterer SP, and the third light control component CCP3 may not include (e.g., may exclude any) quantum dots, but includes the scatterer SP.

[0566] The scatterer SP may be inorganic particles. For example, the scatterer SP may include at least one selected from TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow silica. In one or more embodiments, the scatterer SP may include one selected from TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow silica, or may be a mixture of two or more materials selected from TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow silica.

[0567] The first light control component CCP1, the second light control component CCP2, and the third light control component CCP3 may respectively include a base resin BR1, BR2, and BR3 that disperses the first quantum dot QD1, the second quantum dot QD2, and the scatterer SP. In one or more embodiments, the first light control component CCP1 may include the first quantum dot QD1 and the scatterer SP dispersed in the first base resin BR1, the second light control component CCP2 may include the second quantum dot QD2 and the scatterer SP dispersed in the second base resin BR2, and the third light control component CCP3 may include the scatterer SP dispersed in the third base resin BR3.

[0568] The base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 are media in which the first quantum dots QD1 and the second quantum dots QD2 and the scatterers SP are dispersed, and may be composed of one or more suitable resin compositions (which may generally be referred to as binders). For example, the base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 may each independently be an acrylic resin, a urethane resin, a silicone resin, and / or an epoxy resin, etc. The base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 may be transparent resins. In one or more embodiments, the first base resin BR1, the second base resin BR2, and the third base resin BR3 may be the same as or different from each other.

[0569] In one or more embodiments, the light control layer CCL may include a barrier layer BFL1. The barrier layer BFL1 may function to block the penetration of moisture and / or oxygen (hereinafter, referred to as "moisture / oxygen"). The barrier layer BFL1 may prevent the light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 from being exposed to moisture / oxygen. In one or more embodiments, the barrier layer BFL1 may cover the light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. In one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL, which will be explained later, may include a barrier layer BFL2 disposed on the light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3.

[0570] The barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may include at least one inorganic layer. For example, in some embodiments, the barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may each be formed by including an inorganic material. For example, the barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may each independently be formed by including one or more selected from silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, and silicon oxynitride, or a metal thin film that ensures light transmittance. In one or more embodiments, the barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may further include an organic layer. The barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may be composed of a single layer or multiple layers.

[0571] In one or more embodiments of the display device DD-a, the color filter layer CFL may be disposed on the light control layer CCL. For example, in one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL may be directly disposed on the light control layer CCL. In these embodiments, the barrier layer BFL2 may not be provided.

[0572] The color filter layer CFL may include color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3. The first to third color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may be arranged to correspond to the red light emitting region PXA-R, the green light emitting region PXA-G, and the blue light emitting region PXA-B, respectively.

[0573] In one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL may include a first color filter CF1 that transmits light of a second color, a second color filter CF2 that transmits light of a third color, and a third color filter CF3 that transmits light of a first color. For example, in one or more embodiments, the first color filter CF1 may be a red color filter, the second color filter CF2 may be a green color filter, and the third color filter CF3 may be a blue color filter. Each of the color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may independently include a polymer photosensitive resin and a pigment and / or a dye. In one or more embodiments, the first color filter CF1 may include a red pigment and / or a red dye, the second color filter CF2 may include a green pigment and / or a green dye, and the third color filter CF3 may include a blue pigment and / or a blue dye.

[0574] In one or more embodiments, the third color filter CF3 may not include (e.g., may exclude any) pigment and / or dye. The third color filter CF3 may include a polymer photosensitive resin without including a pigment and / or a dye. The third color filter CF3 may be transparent. The third color filter CF3 may be formed using a transparent photosensitive resin.

[0575] Additionally, in one or more embodiments, the first color filter CF1 and the second color filter CF2 may be yellow color filters. The first color filter CF1 and the second color filter CF2 may be provided integrally without being distinguished.

[0576] In one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL may further include a light-blocking member. The light-blocking member may be a black matrix. The light-blocking member may be formed by including an organic light-blocking material and / or an inorganic light-blocking material containing a black pigment and / or a black dye. The light-blocking member may prevent or reduce light leakage and divide adjacent color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3.

[0577] In one or more embodiments, a base substrate BL may be disposed on the color filter layer CFL. The base substrate BL may be a member that provides a base surface on which the color filter layer CFL and / or a light control layer CCL, etc. are disposed. The base substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the base substrate BL may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. Additionally, in one or more embodiments, the base substrate BL may not be provided.

[0578] Figure 8A cross-sectional view showing a part of a display device according to one or more embodiments. In a display device DD-TD according to one or more embodiments, a light-emitting element ED-BT may include a plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3. The light-emitting element ED-BT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 disposed opposite to each other, and a plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 stacked in the order described in the thickness direction and provided between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. Each of the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may include an emission layer EML( Figure 7 ) and a hole transport region HTR and an electron transport region ETR, with the emission layer EML( Figure 7 ) disposed therebetween.

[0579] For example, the light-emitting element ED-BT included in a display device DD-TD according to one or more embodiments may be a light-emitting element having a tandem structure including a plurality of emission layers.

[0580] In Figure 8 one or more embodiments shown, the light emitted from the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may all be blue light. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the wavelength regions of the light emitted from the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may be different from each other. For example, in one or more embodiments, a light-emitting element ED-BT including a plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 that emit light in different wavelength regions may emit white light (e.g., combined white light).

[0581] Between adjacent light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3, charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 may be disposed. The charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 may include a p-type or p-like charge (e.g., P-charge) generation layer and / or an n-type or n-like charge (N-charge) generation layer.

[0582] At least one selected from the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 included in a display device DD-TD according to one or more embodiments may include the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments described above. For example, in one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the plurality of emission layers included in the light-emitting element ED-BT may include the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments.

[0583] Figure 9 A cross-sectional view showing a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 10 A cross-sectional view showing a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0584] See Figure 9 , a display device DD-b according to one or more embodiments may include light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 formed by stacking two emission layers. Compared with Figure 2 the display device DD of one or more embodiments shown in Figure 9 the display device DD-b shown in is different in that each of the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 includes two emission layers stacked in the thickness direction. In the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, the two emission layers may emit light in substantially the same wavelength region.

[0585] In one or more embodiments, the first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first red emission layer EML-R1 and a second red emission layer EML-R2. The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first green emission layer EML-G1 and a second green emission layer EML-G2. Additionally, the third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first blue emission layer EML-B1 and a second blue emission layer EML-B2. An emission assisting part OG may be disposed between the first red emission layer EML-R1 and the second red emission layer EML-R2, between the first green emission layer EML-G1 and the second green emission layer EML-G2, and between the first blue emission layer EML-B1 and the second blue emission layer EML-B2.

[0586] The emission assisting part OG may include a single layer or multiple layers. The emission assisting part OG may include a charge generation layer. For example, the emission assisting part OG may include an electron transport region (not shown), a charge generation layer (not shown), and a hole transport region (not shown) stacked in the recited order. In one or more embodiments, the emission assisting part OG may be provided as a common layer in all of the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the emission assisting part OG may be patterned and provided in an opening OH defined in a pixel defining layer PDL.

[0587] The first red emission layer EML-R1, the first green emission layer EML-G1, and the first blue emission layer EML-B1 may be disposed between an electron transport region ETR and the emission assisting part OG. The second red emission layer EML-R2, the second green emission layer EML-G2, and the second blue emission layer EML-B2 may be disposed between the emission assisting part OG and a hole transport region HTR.

[0588] For example, in one or more embodiments, the first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second red emission layer EML-R2, an emission assisting member OG, a first red emission layer EML-R1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in the recited order. The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second green emission layer EML-G2, an emission assisting member OG, a first green emission layer EML-G1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in the recited order. The third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second blue emission layer EML-B2, an emission assisting member OG, a first blue emission layer EML-B1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in the recited order.

[0589] In one or more embodiments, an optical assisting layer PL may be disposed on a display element layer DP-ED. The optical assisting layer PL may include a polarization layer. The optical assisting layer PL may be disposed on a display panel DP and may control light reflected by external light at the display panel DP. In one or more embodiments, the optical assisting layer PL may not be provided in the display device.

[0590] Figure 9 At least one emission layer included in the display device DD-b in one or more embodiments shown may include the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments above. For example, at least one of the first blue emission layer EML-B1 and the second blue emission layer EML-B2 may include the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments.

[0591] In contrast to Figure 8 and Figure 9 different, Figure 10The display device DD-c therein is shown as including four light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1. According to one or more embodiments, the light-emitting element ED-CT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 arranged opposite to each other, and first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 stacked between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2 in the thickness direction. In one or more embodiments, the third light-emitting structure OL-B3, the second light-emitting structure OL-B2, the first light-emitting structure OL-B1, and the fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1 are stacked in the thickness direction in the recited order. Between the first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1, charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 may be separately arranged. For example, the first charge generation layer CGL1 is arranged between the first light-emitting structure OL-B1 and the fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1. The second charge generation layer CGL2 is arranged between the first light-emitting structure OL-B1 and the second light-emitting structure OL-B2. The third charge generation layer CGL3 is arranged between the second light-emitting structure OL-B2 and the third light-emitting structure OL-B3.

[0592] In one or more embodiments, among the four light-emitting structures, the first to third light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may emit blue light, and the fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1 may emit green light. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 may emit light of different wavelengths.

[0593] At least one selected from the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 included in the display device DD-c according to one or more embodiments may include the fused polycyclic compound of the above one or more embodiments. For example, in one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the first to third light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may include the fused polycyclic compound of the above one or more embodiments.

[0594] The above light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure may include the fused polycyclic compound of the above one or more embodiments in at least one functional layer arranged between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2, and may thus exhibit excellent or appropriate luminous efficiency and improved element service life. For example, the fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may be included in the emission layer EML of the light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments, and the light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments may exhibit a long element service life.

[0595] In one or more embodiments, an electronic device may include a display device including a plurality of light-emitting elements and a control component for controlling the display device. The electronic device of one or more embodiments may be a device activated according to an electrical signal. The electronic device may include a display device of one or more suitable embodiments. For example, the electronic device may include one or more selected from a television, a monitor, a large-sized display device (such as an external billboard), a personal computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital terminal, a display device for an automobile, a game console, a portable electronic device, and a small- to medium-sized display device (such as a camera).

[0596] Figure 11 FIG. showing an automotive AM in which first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 are arranged. At least one selected from the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may include a configuration substantially the same as that of the display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and / or DD-c described with reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 10 the embodiments.

[0597] In Figure 11 , the vehicle is shown as an automotive AM, but this is an example, and the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may be arranged on other transportation devices such as a bicycle, a motorcycle, a train, a ship, and / or an airplane. Additionally, at least one selected from the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 including a configuration substantially the same as that of the display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and / or DD-c may be incorporated into a personal computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital terminal, a game console, a portable electronic device, a television, a monitor, and / or an external billboard, etc. These are only suggested as examples, and thus as long as it does not deviate from the present disclosure, the display device may be incorporated into other electronic devices.

[0598] In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may include a light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments described with reference Figures 3 to 6 . The light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may include a fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments. At least one selected from the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may include a light-emitting element ED including a fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments, thereby improving the display service life.

[0599] See Figure 11, the automotive AM may include a steering wheel HA and a gearshift GR for operating the automotive AM. Additionally, the automotive AM may include a front window GL arranged to face the driver.

[0600] The first display device DD-1 may be arranged in a first area overlapping with the steering wheel HA. For example, the first display device DD-1 may be a digital instrument cluster that displays first information of the automotive AM. The first information may include a first scale showing the driving speed of the automotive AM, a second scale showing the engine speed (i.e., revolutions per minute (RPM)), and an image showing the fuel state. The first scale and the second scale may each be represented by a digital image.

[0601] The second display device DD-2 may be arranged in a second area facing the driver's seat (e.g., opposite the driver's seat) and overlapping with the front window GL. The driver's seat may be the seat towards which the steering wheel HA faces. For example, the second display device DD-2 may be a head-up display (HUD) that shows second information of the automotive AM. The second display device DD-2 may be optically transparent. The second information may include a number showing the driving speed of the automotive AM and may further include information containing the current time. In one or more embodiments, the second information of the second display device DD-2 may be projected and displayed on the front window GL.

[0602] The third display device DD-3 may be arranged in a third area adjacent to the gearshift GR. For example, the third display device DD-3 may be a center information display (CID) of the vehicle, arranged between the driver's seat and the passenger seat and showing third information. The passenger seat may be a seat separate from the driver's seat, with the gearshift GR located therebetween. The third information may include information about road conditions (e.g., navigation information), about playing music or radio, about playing dynamic images (or images), and / or about the temperature in the automotive AM, etc.

[0603] The fourth display device DD-4 may be arranged in a fourth area separated from the steering wheel HA and the gearshift GR and adjacent to the side of the automotive AM. For example, the fourth display device DD-4 may be a digital rearview mirror that displays fourth information. The fourth display device DD-4 may display an external image of the automotive AM captured by a camera module CM arranged outside the automotive AM. The fourth information may include the external image of the automotive AM.

[0604] The above first to fourth information is for example, and the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may further display information about the inside and outside of the automotive AM. The first to fourth information may include different information from each other. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, a part of the first to fourth information may include the same information.

[0605] Hereinafter, with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, the fused polycyclic compounds and light-emitting elements of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure will be specifically described. In addition, the illustrated Examples are only for understanding the present disclosure, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0606] Example

[0607] 1. Synthesis of fused polycyclic compounds

[0608] First, by presenting the processes for synthesizing Compounds 1, 2, 5, 6, 12, 29, 43, 50, and 57 as examples, the process for synthesizing the fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail. In addition, the processes for synthesizing the fused polycyclic compounds described hereinafter are provided only as examples, and thus the process for synthesizing the fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to the Examples.

[0609] (1) Synthesis of Compound 1

[0610] The fused polycyclic Compound 1 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized, for example, by the synthetic schemes described herein.

[0611] Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1

[0612]

[0613] 2'''-Fluoro-[1,1':2',1'':2'',1''':3''',1''''-quaterphenyl]-2-amine (1 eq) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3, 3 eq) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and stirred at 160 °C for 24 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove DMSO. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, and then the organic layer was dried with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane: n-hexane) to obtain Intermediate 1-1. (Yield: 62%)

[0614] Synthesis of Intermediate 1-2

[0615]

[0616] Intermediate 1-1 (1 eq), 1,3-dibromobenzene (1 eq), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3, 0.05 eq), tri-tert-butylphosphine (PtBu3, 0.10 eq) and sodium tert-butoxide (NaOtBu, 1.5 eq) were dissolved in o-xylene and stirred at 80°C for 10 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove o-xylene. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, and the organic layer was then dried with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane:n-hexane) to obtain intermediate 1-2. (Yield: 60%)

[0617] Synthesis of intermediate 1-3

[0618]

[0619] Intermediate 1-2 (1 eq), diphenylamine (1 eq), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3, 0.05 eq), tri-tert-butylphosphine (PtBu3, 0.10 eq) and sodium tert-butoxide (NaOtBu, 1.5 eq) were dissolved in o-xylene and stirred at 90°C for 10 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove o-xylene. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, and the organic layer was then dried with MgSO4 and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane:n-hexane) to obtain intermediate 1-3. (Yield: 58%)

[0620] Synthesis of compound 1

[0621]

[0622] Intermediate 1-3 (1 eq) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene (oDCB) in a flask, and the flask was cooled to 0 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then BBr3 (2.5 eq) dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene was slowly injected therein. After the addition was completed, the temperature was raised to 190 ° C to stir the resulting product for 24 hours. After the resulting product was cooled to 0 ° C, triethylamine was slowly dripped into the flask until the exotherm stopped to complete the reaction. Thereafter, n-hexane and methanol were added to precipitate and filter the mixture to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was purified by silica filtration and then purified and recrystallized by MC / Hex (dichloromethane / n-hexane) to obtain compound 1. (Yield: 13%)

[0623] (2) Synthesis of Compound 2

[0624] The fused polycyclic compound 2 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized, for example, by the synthesis scheme described herein.

[0625] Synthesis of intermediate 2-1

[0626]

[0627] 2"'-Fluoro-6'-phenyl-[1,1':2',1":2",1"'-quadrphenyl]-2-amine (1eq) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3, 3eq) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and then stirred at 160°C for 24 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove dimethyl sulfoxide. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, and the organic layer was then dried with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane:n-hexane) to obtain intermediate 2-1.

[0628] (Yield: 65%)

[0629] Synthesis of intermediate 2-2

[0630]

[0631] Intermediate 2-1 (1 eq), 1,3-dibromobenzene (1 eq), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3, 0.05 eq), tri-tert-butylphosphine (PtBu3, 0.10 eq) and sodium tert-butoxide (NaOtBu, 1.5 eq) were dissolved in o-xylene and stirred at 80°C for 10 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove o-xylene. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, and the organic layer was then dried with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane:n-hexane) to obtain intermediate 2-2. (Yield: 62%)

[0632] Synthesis of intermediate 2-3

[0633]

[0634] Intermediate 2-2 (1 eq), diphenylamine (1 eq), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3, 0.05 eq), tri-tert-butylphosphine (PtBu3, 0.10 eq) and sodium tert-butoxide (NaOtBu, 1.5 eq) were dissolved in o-xylene and stirred at 90°C for 10 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove o-xylene. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, which was then dried with MgSO4 and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane:n-hexane) to obtain intermediate 2-3. (Yield: 59%)

[0635] Synthesis of compound 2

[0636]

[0637] Intermediate 2-3 (1 eq) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene (oDCB) in a flask, and the flask was cooled to 0 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then BBr3 (2.5 eq) dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene was slowly injected therein. After the addition was completed, the temperature was raised to 190 ° C to stir the resulting product for 24 hours. After the resulting product was cooled to 0 ° C, triethylamine was slowly dripped into the flask until the exotherm stopped to complete the reaction. Thereafter, n-hexane and methanol were added to precipitate and filter the mixture to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was purified by silica filtration and then purified by MC / Hex (dichloromethane / n-hexane) and recrystallized to obtain compound 2. (Yield: 15%)

[0638] (3) Synthesis of Compound 5

[0639] The fused polycyclic compound 5 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized, for example, by the synthesis scheme described herein.

[0640] Synthesis of intermediate 5-1

[0641]

[0642] 2,4-dibromo-N-phenyl-[1,1':2',1":2",1"':3"',1""-pentaphenyl]-2"'-amine (1 eq), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3, 0.05 eq), tri-tert-butylphosphine (PtBu3, 0.10 eq) and sodium tert-butoxide (NaOtBu, 1.5 eq) were dissolved in o-xylene and stirred at 80°C for 10 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove o-xylene. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, and the organic layer was then dried with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane:n-hexane) to obtain intermediate 5-1. (Yield: 63%)

[0643] Synthesis of intermediate 5-2

[0644]

[0645] Intermediate 5-1 (1 eq), diphenylamine (1 eq), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3, 0.05 eq), tri-tert-butylphosphine (PtBu3, 0.10 eq) and sodium tert-butoxide (NaOtBu, 1.5 eq) were dissolved in o-xylene and stirred at 90°C for 10 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove o-xylene. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, which was then dried with MgSO4 and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane:n-hexane) to obtain intermediate 5-2. (Yield: 60%)

[0646] Synthesis of compound 5

[0647]

[0648] Intermediate 5-2 (1 eq) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene (oDCB) in a flask, and the flask was cooled to 0 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then BBr3 (2.5 eq) dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene was slowly injected therein. After the addition was completed, the temperature was raised to 190 ° C to stir the resulting product for 24 hours. After the resulting product was cooled to 0 ° C, triethylamine was slowly dripped into the flask until the exotherm stopped to complete the reaction. Thereafter, n-hexane and methanol were added to precipitate and filter the mixture to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was purified by silica filtration and then purified by MC / Hex (dichloromethane / n-hexane) and recrystallized to obtain compound 5. (Yield: 15%)

[0649] (4) Synthesis of Compound 6

[0650] The fused polycyclic compound 6 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized, for example, by the synthesis scheme described herein.

[0651] Synthesis of intermediate 6-1

[0652]

[0653] 2"',4"'-dibromo-N,3"-diphenyl-[1,1':2',1":2",1"'-quadrphenyl]-2-amine (1eq), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3, 0.05eq), tri-tert-butylphosphine (PtBu3, 0.10eq) and sodium tert-butoxide (NaOtBu, 1.5eq) were dissolved in o-xylene and stirred at 80°C for 10 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove o-xylene. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, and the organic layer was then dried with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane:n-hexane) to obtain intermediate 6-1. (Yield: 64%)

[0654] Synthesis of intermediate 6-2

[0655]

[0656] Intermediate 6-1 (1 eq), diphenylamine (1 eq), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3, 0.05 eq), tri-tert-butylphosphine (PtBu3, 0.10 eq) and sodium tert-butoxide (NaOtBu, 1.5 eq) were dissolved in o-xylene and stirred at 90°C for 10 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove o-xylene. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, which was then dried with MgSO4 and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane:n-hexane) to obtain intermediate 6-2. (Yield: 60%)

[0657] Synthesis of compound 6

[0658]

[0659] Dissolve intermediate 6-2 (1 eq) in o-dichlorobenzene (oDCB) in a flask, cool the flask to 0 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere, and then slowly inject BBr3 (2.5 eq) dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene into it. After the dropping is complete, raise the temperature to 190 °C and stir the resulting product for 24 hours. After cooling the resulting product to 0 °C, slowly drop triethylamine into the flask until the exothermic reaction stops to complete the reaction. Thereafter, add n-hexane and methanol to precipitate and filter the mixture to obtain a solid. Purify the obtained solid by filtration through silica gel and then recrystallize it by purification with MC / Hex (methylene chloride / n-hexane) to obtain Compound 6. (Yield: 15%)

[0660] (5) Synthesis of Compound 12

[0661] The fused polycyclic compound 12 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized, for example, by the synthetic schemes described herein.

[0662] Synthesis of Intermediate 12-1

[0663]

[0664] Dissolve 2-fluoro-3”-phenyl-[1,1':2',1”:2”,1”':3”',1””-quaterphenyl]-6”'-amine (1 eq) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3, 3 eq) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and stir at 160 °C for 24 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. Cool the mixture, and then dry it under reduced pressure to remove DMSO. Thereafter, dilute the resulting product with ethyl acetate and wash it three times with water to obtain an organic layer, and then dry the organic layer with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and then dry it under reduced pressure. Purify the resulting product by column chromatography and recrystallize it (solvent: methylene chloride:n-hexane) to obtain Intermediate 12-1. (Yield: 60%)

[0665] Synthesis of Intermediate 12-2

[0666]

[0667] Intermediate 12-1 (1 eq), 1,3-dibromo-5-chlorobenzene (1 eq), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3, 0.05 eq), tri-tert-butylphosphine (PtBu3, 0.10 eq) and sodium tert-butoxide (NaOtBu, 1.5 eq) were dissolved in o-xylene and stirred at 80°C for 10 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove o-xylene. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, and the organic layer was then dried with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane:n-hexane) to obtain intermediate 12-2. (Yield: 58%)

[0668] Synthesis of intermediate 12-3

[0669]

[0670] Intermediate 12-2 (1 eq), di([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)amine (1 eq), tri(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3, 0.05 eq), tri-tert-butylphosphine (PtBu3, 0.10 eq) and sodium tert-butoxide (NaOtBu, 1.5 eq) were dissolved in o-xylene and stirred at 90°C for 10 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove o-xylene. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, which was then dried with MgSO4 and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane:n-hexane) to obtain intermediate 12-3. (Yield: 56%)

[0671] Synthesis of intermediate 12-4

[0672]

[0673] Intermediate 12-3 (1 eq) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene (oDCB) in a flask, and the flask was cooled to 0 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then BBr3 (2.5 eq) dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene was slowly injected therein. After the addition was completed, the temperature was raised to 190 ° C to stir the resulting product for 24 hours. After the resulting product was cooled to 0 ° C, triethylamine was slowly dripped into the flask until the exotherm stopped to complete the reaction. Thereafter, n-hexane and methanol were added to precipitate and filter the mixture to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was purified by silica filtration and then purified and recrystallized by MC / Hex (dichloromethane / n-hexane) to obtain intermediate 12-4. (Yield: 46%)

[0674] Synthesis of compound 12

[0675]

[0676] Intermediate 12-4 (1 eq), 9H-carbazole (1.1 eq), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3, 0.05 eq), tri-tert-butylphosphine (PtBu3, 0.10 eq) and sodium tert-butoxide (NaOtBu, 1.5 eq) were dissolved in o-xylene and stirred at 150°C for 24 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove o-xylene. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, which was then dried with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane:n-hexane) to obtain compound 12. (Yield: 12%)

[0677] (6) Synthesis of Compound 29

[0678] The fused polycyclic compound 29 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized, for example, by the synthesis scheme described herein.

[0679] Synthesis of Intermediate 29-1

[0680]

[0681] N,9-bis(3-chlorophenyl)-6-(3"',5"'-di-tert-butyl-2"-fluoro-[1,1':2',1":3",1"'-tetraphenyl]-2-yl)-10-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-9H-tetrabenzo[b,d,f,h]azacyclononatetraen-7-amine (1eq) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3, 3eq) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and stirred at 160°C for 24 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove dimethyl sulfoxide. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, and the organic layer was then dried with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane:n-hexane) to obtain Intermediate 29-1. (Yield: 55%)

[0682] Synthesis of intermediate 29-2

[0683]

[0684] Intermediate 29-1 (1 eq) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene (oDCB) in a flask, and the flask was cooled to 0°C in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then BBr3 (2.5 eq) dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene was slowly injected therein. After the addition was complete, the temperature was raised to 190°C to stir the resulting product for 24 hours. After the resulting product was cooled to 0°C, triethylamine was slowly dripped into the flask until the exotherm stopped to complete the reaction. Thereafter, n-hexane and methanol were added to precipitate and filter the mixture to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was purified by silica filtration and then purified and recrystallized by MC / Hex (dichloromethane / n-hexane) to obtain intermediate 29-2. (Yield: 41%)

[0685] Synthesis of compound 29

[0686]

[0687] Intermediate 29-2 (1 eq), 9H-carbazole-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-d8 (1.1 eq), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3, 0.05 eq), tri-tert-butylphosphine (PtBu3, 0.10 eq) and sodium tert-butoxide (NaOtBu, 1.5 eq) were dissolved in o-xylene and stirred at 150° C. for 24 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove o-xylene. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, which was then dried with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane:n-hexane) to obtain compound 29. (Yield: 9%)

[0688] (7) Synthesis of Compound 43

[0689] According to one or more embodiments, the fused polycyclic compound 43 can be synthesized, for example, by the synthesis scheme described herein.

[0690] Synthesis of Intermediate 43-1

[0691]

[0692] 5-(tert-butyl)-N-(6-chloro-2"'-fluoro-[1,1':2',1":2",1"':3"',1""-pentaphenyl]-2-yl)-9-(3-chlorophenyl)-10-phenyl-9H-tetrabenzo[b,d,f,h]azacyclononatetraen-7-amine (1 eq) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3, 3 eq) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and stirred at 160°C for 24 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove dimethyl sulfoxide. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, and the organic layer was then dried with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane:n-hexane) to obtain Intermediate 43-1. (Yield: 57%)

[0693] Synthesis of Intermediate 43-2

[0694]

[0695] Intermediate 43-1 (1 eq) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene (oDCB) in a flask, and the flask was cooled to 0°C in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then BBr3 (2.5 eq) dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene was slowly injected therein. After the addition was complete, the temperature was raised to 190°C to stir the resulting product for 24 hours. After the resulting product was cooled to 0°C, triethylamine was slowly dripped into the flask until the exotherm stopped to complete the reaction. Thereafter, n-hexane and methanol were added to precipitate and the mixture was filtered to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was purified by silica filtration and then purified and recrystallized by MC / Hex (dichloromethane / n-hexane) to obtain intermediate 43-2. ​​(Yield: 42%)

[0696] Synthesis of compound 43

[0697]

[0698] Intermediate 43-2 (1 eq), 3-phenyl-9H-carbazole (1.1 eq), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3, 0.05 eq), tri-tert-butylphosphine (PtBu3, 0.10 eq) and sodium tert-butoxide (NaOtBu, 1.5 eq) were dissolved in o-xylene and stirred at 150°C for 24 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove o-xylene. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, which was then dried with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane:n-hexane) to obtain compound 43. (Yield: 10%)

[0699] (8) Synthesis of Compound 50

[0700] The fused polycyclic compound 50 according to one or more embodiments may be synthesized by, for example, the synthesis scheme described herein.

[0701] Synthesis of Intermediate 50-1

[0702]

[0703] Intermediate 2-2 (1 eq), N-phenyl-dibenzo[b,d]furan-4-amine (1 eq), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3, 0.05 eq), tri-tert-butylphosphine (PtBu3, 0.10 eq) and sodium tert-butoxide (NaOtBu, 1.5 eq) were dissolved in o-xylene and stirred at 90°C for 10 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove o-xylene. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, which was then dried with MgSO4 and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane:n-hexane) to obtain intermediate 50-1. (Yield: 57%)

[0704] Synthesis of compound 50

[0705]

[0706] Intermediate 50-1 (1 eq) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene (oDCB) in a flask, and the flask was cooled to 0 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then BBr3 (2.5 eq) dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene was slowly injected therein. After the addition was completed, the temperature was raised to 190 ° C to stir the resulting product for 24 hours. After the resulting product was cooled to 0 ° C, triethylamine was slowly dripped into the flask until the exotherm stopped to complete the reaction. Thereafter, n-hexane and methanol were added to precipitate and the mixture was filtered to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was purified by silica filtration and then purified and recrystallized by MC / Hex (dichloromethane / n-hexane) to obtain compound 50. (Yield: 13%)

[0707] (9) Synthesis of Compound 57

[0708] The fused polycyclic compound 57 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized, for example, by the synthesis scheme described herein.

[0709] Synthesis of Intermediate 57-1

[0710]

[0711] 6-Chloro-N-(3-(3-chlorophenoxy)phenyl)-2"'-fluoro-[1,1':2',1":2",1"':3"',1""-pentaphenyl]-2-amine (1 eq) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3, 3 eq) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and stirred at 160°C for 24 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove dimethyl sulfoxide. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, and the organic layer was then dried with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane:n-hexane) to obtain Intermediate 57-1. (Yield: 56%)

[0712] Synthesis of Intermediate 57-2

[0713]

[0714] Intermediate 57-1 (1 eq) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene (oDCB) in a flask, and the flask was cooled to 0°C in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then BBr3 (2.5 eq) dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene was slowly injected therein. After the addition was completed, the temperature was raised to 190°C to stir the resulting product for 24 hours. After the resulting product was cooled to 0°C, triethylamine was slowly dripped into the flask until the exotherm stopped to complete the reaction. Thereafter, n-hexane and methanol were added to precipitate and filter the mixture to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was purified by silica filtration and then purified and recrystallized by MC / Hex (dichloromethane / n-hexane) to obtain intermediate 57-2. (Yield: 42%)

[0715] Synthesis of compound 57

[0716]

[0717] Intermediate 57-2 (1 eq), 9H-carbazole (1.1 eq), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3, 0.05 eq), tri-tert-butylphosphine (PtBu3, 0.10 eq) and sodium tert-butoxide (NaOtBu, 1.5 eq) were dissolved in o-xylene and stirred at 150°C for 24 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled and then dried under reduced pressure to remove o-xylene. Thereafter, the resulting product was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water to obtain an organic layer, which was then dried with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and then dried under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized (solvent: dichloromethane:n-hexane) to obtain compound 57. (Yield: 10%)

[0718] 2. Preparation and evaluation of light-emitting elements

[0719] One or more light-emitting elements of one or more embodiments are each prepared using the methods described herein, and the light-emitting elements include one or more fused polycyclic compounds of one or more embodiments in the emission layer. The light-emitting elements of Examples 1 to 9 are prepared using the fused polycyclic compounds of Compounds 1, 2, 5, 6, 12, 29, 43, 50, and 57, which are the compounds of the above-described example compounds, as the dopant material in the emission layer. Comparative Examples 1 to 7 correspond to the light-emitting elements prepared using Comparative Example Compounds C1 to Comparative Example Compound C7, respectively, as the dopant material in the emission layer.

[0720] Example compound

[0721]

[0722]

[0723] Comparative example compound

[0724]

[0725] Manufacture of light-emitting element

[0726] For each of the light-emitting elements of the examples and comparative examples, as the anode, a glass substrate having an ITO electrode (Corning, 15 Ω / cm 2 , ) formed thereon was cut into a size of about 50 mm × 50 mm × 0.7 mm, ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol and then with pure water for 5 minutes each, irradiated with ultraviolet light for 30 minutes, and then exposed to ozone for cleaning, and then mounted on a vacuum deposition apparatus.

[0727] On the anode, a hole injection layer having a thickness of was formed by deposition of NPB, and on the hole injection layer, a hole transport layer having a thickness of was formed by deposition of H-1-19, and then on the hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer having a thickness of was formed by deposition of CzSi.

[0728] Thereafter, an emission layer having a thickness of was formed by co-deposition of a host mixture (in which a second compound and a third compound according to one or more embodiments are mixed at a weight ratio of 1:1), a fourth compound, and an example compound or a comparative example compound at a weight ratio of 82:15:3, and on the emission layer, a hole blocking layer having a thickness of was formed by deposition of TSPO1. Then, on the hole blocking layer, a layer having a thickness of an electron transport layer with a thickness, and then on the electron transport layer, an electron injection layer with a thickness is formed by deposition of LiF. Thereafter, a cathode with a thickness is formed using Al to form a LiF / Al electrode. Thereafter, a capping layer with a thickness is formed using P4 on the upper part of the cathode. with a thickness with a thickness with a thickness

[0729] Each layer is formed by vacuum evaporation. Meanwhile, HT1 selected from the compounds in the above compound group 2 is used as the second compound, ETH85 selected from the compounds in the above compound group 3 is used as the third compound, and AD-37 selected from the compounds in the above compound group 4 is used as the fourth compound.

[0730] Compounds for preparing the light-emitting elements of the examples and comparative examples are disclosed herein. The following materials are used for preparing the light-emitting elements after sublimation-purifying commercially available products.

[0731]

[0732]

[0733] Evaluation of properties of the light-emitting element

[0734] Evaluation of physical properties of the compounds of the examples and comparative examples

[0735] Table 1 shows the physical properties of the compounds of Examples 1, 2, 5, 6, 12, 29, 43, 50, and 57 and the compounds of Comparative Examples C1 to C7.

[0736] In Table 1, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, the lowest singlet excitation energy level (S1 level), the lowest triplet excitation energy level (T1 level), △E ST , oscillator strength, and k RISC are measured and shown for each of the compounds of the examples and comparative examples.

[0737] In Table 1, the lowest singlet excitation energy level (S1 level) and the lowest triplet excitation energy level (T1 level) are measured using FluorEssence software on a Fluoromax+ spectrometer equipped with a xenon light source and a monochromator obtained from HORIBA. The HOMO energy level and the LUMO energy level are measured using Smart Manager software of the SP2 electrochemical workstation equipment obtained from ZIVE LAB. In Table 1, △E STIndicates the difference between the lowest triplet excitation level (T1 level) and the lowest singlet excitation level (S1 level). In Table 1, the oscillator strength indicates the intensity of luminescence at the singlet excitation level (S1 level), and is simulated using the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method of the Gaussian program with structural optimization at the B3LYP / 6-311G(d,p) level. In Table 1, the reverse intersystem crossing rate (k RISC ) indicates the rate constant when the triplet energy level transfers from the lowest triplet excitation level to the lowest singlet excitation level, and is also simulated and calculated using the TD-DFT method at the B3LYP / 6-311G(d,p) level.

[0738] Table 1

[0739]

[0740]

[0741] Referring to Table 1, it can be seen that each of the example compounds included in Examples 1 to 9 has a reverse intersystem crossing rate greater than that of the comparative example compounds included in Comparative Examples 1 to 7. Accordingly, it is expected that each of Example Compounds 1 to 9 has a reverse intersystem crossing rate faster than that of Comparative Compounds 1 to 7, and thus may have improved luminescence efficiency and device service life.

[0742] Evaluation of the properties of the light-emitting device

[0743] The luminescence efficiency and device service life of each of the light-emitting devices prepared using the above Example Compounds 1, 2, 5, 6, 12, 29, 43, 50, and 57 and Comparative Compounds C1 to C7 were evaluated. Table 2 shows the results of the evaluation of the light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7. Among the property evaluation results of the examples and comparative examples shown in Table 2, the maximum emission wavelength, driving voltage, and current density were measured using a V7000 OLED IVL test system (Polaronix). To evaluate the properties of each of the light-emitting devices prepared in Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7, the driving voltage (V) and luminescence efficiency (cd / A) were measured at a current density of 10 mA / cm 2 , and the time required for the luminance to reach 95% luminance degradation from the initial value during continuous operation at a current density of 10 mA / cm 2 was compared with that of Comparative Example 1, and the value was used as the relative device life (life ratio (T95)) for evaluation.

[0744] Table 2

[0745]

[0746]

[0747] Referring to the results in Table 2, it can be seen that each of the light-emitting elements in the examples using the fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure as a light-emitting material has a higher luminous efficiency and a longer element service life than the light-emitting elements in the comparative examples. Each of the example compounds has a structure in which a first substituent is connected to a specific position on the fused polycyclic heterocycle, and thus high luminous efficiency and a long element service life can be achieved. The example compounds may include a fused polycyclic heterocycle including five rings, in which the first to third benzene rings are connected by a first boron atom, a first nitrogen atom, a first heteroatom, and a first substituent connected to the fused polycyclic heterocycle. The first substituent may include a first terphenyl moiety including fourth to sixth benzene rings, and a first aryl group connected to the first terphenyl moiety. For example, the first substituent may have a structure in which the fifth and sixth benzene rings are connected to the fourth benzene ring to be in an ortho-position relationship, and the first aryl group is substituted on the fifth benzene ring. The first substituent may be connected to the fused polycyclic heterocycle through the ortho-carbon of each of the fifth and sixth benzene rings. Any one of the fifth and sixth benzene rings may be connected to the first nitrogen atom of the fused polycyclic heterocycle, and the other may be connected to the first benzene ring or the second benzene ring, each of which is connected to the first nitrogen atom. The first aryl group may be connected to the fifth benzene ring included in the first terphenyl moiety. The first aryl group may be connected to the first terphenyl moiety to be in an ortho-position with respect to the first nitrogen atom, the first benzene ring, or the second benzene ring included in the fused polycyclic heterocycle. When the first substituent is connected to the fused polycyclic heterocycle, four benzene rings may be connected around the first nitrogen atom to form an aryl-substituted tetrabenzazacoronene derivative represented by the following structures X1 and X2.

[0748]

[0749] In structures X1 and X2, the benzene ring represented by C1 may correspond to the fourth benzene ring of the first substituent, the benzene rings represented by C2 and C3 may correspond to the fifth and sixth benzene rings, respectively, and D1 may correspond to the first benzene ring or the second benzene ring of the polycyclic heterocycle. In addition, A1 in structures X1 and X2 may correspond to the first aryl group described above.

[0750] The example compounds included in Examples 1 to 5 have different spatial structures from the comparative example compounds, which are different in that they include a tetraphenylazacyclononatetraene derivative formed by introducing a first substituent, and the substitution position of the first aryl group is substituted in the positional relationship shown in Structure X1 or X2. For example, for the example compounds having the substitution positional relationship of Structure X1 or X2, the first aryl group substitutes the carbon adjacent to the first nitrogen atom, the first benzene ring or the second benzene ring. Due to this specific connection relationship, the fused polycyclic compounds of one or more embodiments have the following spatial structure, in which the first substituent covers and / or shields the boron atom in two directions (e.g., simultaneously) with respect to the plate-like structure of the fused ring nucleus, thereby achieving the effect of effectively protecting the boron atom. Additionally, in the example compounds, the first substituent is connected to the fused polycyclic heterocycle and thus forms a tetraphenylazacyclononatetraene derivative containing a 9-membered ring, and accordingly, compared with the comparative example compounds, in the form in which the first substituent covers and shields the boron atom, intramolecular movement can be minimized or reduced, and a bulky structure can be maintained.

[0751] Additionally, the example compounds introducing the first substituent can inhibit or reduce intermolecular interactions to control aggregation, excimer formation or exciplex formation, and thus have a higher luminescence efficiency. For example, in the example compounds, due to the sterically hindered structure caused by the first substituent, the distance between adjacent molecules increases, and accordingly, Dexter energy transfer can be inhibited or reduced to prevent or reduce the deterioration of the device service life due to the increase in triplet energy concentration. The light-emitting devices of one or more embodiments include the fused polycyclic compounds of one or more embodiments as the light-emitting dopant of a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) light-emitting device, and can thus achieve a high luminescence efficiency and an improved device service life in the blue light wavelength range.

[0752] The comparative example compound C1 included in Comparative Example 1 has the following structure, in which an unsubstituted phenyl group is connected to the nitrogen atom in the fused ring nucleus containing a boron atom and a nitrogen atom, and the substituent itself, i.e., the unsubstituted phenyl group, does not exhibit a sufficient effect of spatially protecting the fused ring nucleus, and accordingly, compared with the examples, the comparative example compound C1 may have a reduced effect in terms of inhibiting intermolecular interactions or reducing triplet energy concentration caused by inhibiting Dexter energy transfer. Therefore, it can be determined that when the comparative example compound C1 is applied to a light-emitting device, the luminescence efficiency and the device service life are reduced compared with the examples.

[0753] Comparative Example Compound C2 and Comparative Example Compound C3 included in Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, respectively, each do not include a substituent corresponding to the first aryl group of the fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments. Accordingly, for each of Comparative Example Compound C2 and Comparative Example Compound C3, the structural X1 and X2 are not expected to produce the above-described steric structure effect, and thus the effects of boron atom protection and prevention of intermolecular interaction are reduced compared to the Example Compounds. Therefore, it can be determined that when Comparative Example Compound C2 and Comparative Example Compound C3 are each applied to a light-emitting element, the luminous efficiency and the element lifetime are reduced compared to the Examples.

[0754] Compared to the Examples, Comparative Example 4 shows a reduced element lifetime and luminous efficiency. Comparative Example Compound C4 included in Comparative Example 4 includes a fused polycyclic heterocycle centered on a boron atom and a nitrogen atom, but does not include the first substituent, and thus it is determined that when applied to a light-emitting element, it has a reduced luminous efficiency and element lifetime compared to the Examples. In contrast, compared to Comparative Example Compound C4, the Example Compounds including the first substituent have steric properties in two directions (e.g., simultaneously) with respect to the plate-like structure and have a rigid property due to the 9-membered ring, significantly suppressing or reducing intramolecular movement, resulting in improved luminous efficiency and element lifetime.

[0755] Compared to the Examples, Comparative Example 5 shows a reduced element lifetime and luminous efficiency. Comparative Example Compound C5 included in Comparative Example 5 is different from the Example Compounds in that three rings are connected around a nitrogen atom to form a hetero-fused ring containing a 7-membered ring. Compared to the Example Compounds containing a 9-membered ring, Comparative Example Compound C5 containing a 7-membered ring has a reduced steric effect, and thus may have a reduced effect of boron atom protection and prevention of intermolecular interaction. Therefore, it can be determined that when Comparative Example Compound C5 is applied to a light-emitting element, the luminous efficiency and the element lifetime are reduced compared to the Examples.

[0756] Example 1 was compared with Comparative Example 6 and Comparative Example 7, and Comparative Example 6 and Comparative Example 7 showed reduced element service life and luminous efficiency compared with Example 1. Comparative Compound C6 and Comparative Compound C7 included in Comparative Example 6 and Comparative Example 7, respectively, are fused polycyclic compounds containing a tetraphenobenzazacyclononatetraene derivative, and differ from Example Compound 1 in the connection position of the phenyl group connected to the tetraphenobenzazacyclononatetraene derivative. Comparative Compound C6 corresponds to a compound in which the phenyl group connected to the tetraphenobenzazacyclononatetraene derivative is connected meta to the carbon atom connected to the nitrogen atom of the fused polycyclic heterocycle, and Comparative Compound C7 corresponds to a compound in which the phenyl group connected to the tetraphenobenzazacyclononatetraene derivative is connected para to the carbon atom connected to the nitrogen atom of the fused polycyclic heterocycle. Comparative Compound C6 and Comparative Compound C7, in which the phenyl group is connected meta or para to the carbon atom connected to the nitrogen atom of the fused polycyclic heterocycle, differ from the Example Compound in that the phenyl group is arranged in a direction away from the boron atom of the fused polycyclic heterocycle, and may thus have reduced effects of boron atom protection and prevention of intermolecular interaction compared with the Example Compound. Therefore, it can be determined that when Comparative Compound C6 and Comparative Compound C7 are each separately applied to a light-emitting element, the luminous efficiency and the element service life are reduced compared with the Example. In contrast, the Example Compound has a spatial structure that covers and / or shields the boron atom in two directions (e.g., simultaneously) with respect to the plate-like structure of the fused ring nucleus, because the phenyl group is connected ortho to the carbon atom connected to the nitrogen atom of the fused polycyclic heterocycle or the benzene ring, and may thus have an effect of effectively protecting the boron atom. Accordingly, when the Example Compound is applied to a light-emitting element, high luminous efficiency and long element service life of the light-emitting element can be expected.

[0757] The light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure may exhibit element characteristics of improved high luminous efficiency and long element service life.

[0758] The fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure may be included in the emission layer of the light-emitting element, and may thus contribute to high luminous efficiency and long element service life.

[0759] By including the light-emitting element of the present disclosure, the display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure may exhibit high display quality.

[0760] As used herein, the terms "substantially", "about" or similar terms are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and are intended to account for the inherent variations in measured or calculated values that would be recognized by a person of ordinary skill in the art. As used herein, "about" includes the recited value and means within an acceptable variation of the particular value as determined by a person of ordinary skill in the art, taking into account the measurements discussed and the errors associated with the measurement of a particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, "about" can mean within one or more standard deviations of the recited value, or within ±30%, ±20%, ±10% or ±5% of the recited value.

[0761] In the context of this application, and unless otherwise defined, the terms "use", "using" and "used" may be considered synonymous with the terms "utilize", "utilizing" and "utilized", respectively.

[0762] Any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges of the same numerical precision subsumed within the recited range. For example, a range of "1.0 to 10.0" is intended to include all sub-ranges between the recited minimum value of 1.0 and the recited maximum value of 10.0 (and including 1.0 and 10.0), that is, having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limitation recited in this specification is intended to include all lower numerical limitations subsumed therein and any minimum numerical limitation recited in this specification is intended to include all higher numerical limitations subsumed therein. Accordingly, the applicant reserves the right to amend this specification (including the claims) to expressly recite any sub-ranges subsumed within the ranges expressly recited herein.

[0763] In the present disclosure, when a particle (e.g., a quantum dot) is spherical, "size" indicates the particle diameter or average particle diameter, and when the particle is non-spherical, "size" indicates the major axis length or average major axis length. The diameter (or size) of the particle can be measured using a scanning electron microscope or a particle size analyzer. As a particle size analyzer, for example, the HORIBA, LA-950 laser particle size analyzer can be used. When measuring the size of a particle using a particle size analyzer, the average particle diameter (or size) is referred to as D 50 。D 50 refers to the average diameter (or size) of the particles whose cumulative volume corresponds to 50 volume % in the particle size distribution (e.g., the cumulative distribution), and refers to the value of the particle size corresponding to 50% of the particles starting from the smallest particles in the cumulative distribution curve in the order from the smallest particle size to the largest particle size when the total number of particles is 100%.

[0764] The light-emitting element / device, display device, display apparatus, or any other related device / device or component according to an embodiment of the present disclosure described herein may be implemented using any suitable hardware, firmware (e.g., application specific integrated circuit), software, or a combination of software, firmware, and hardware. For example, various components of the device may be formed on one integrated circuit (IC) chip or formed on separate IC chips. Further, various components of the device may be implemented on a flexible printed circuit film, tape carrier package (TCP), or printed circuit board (PCB), or formed on a substrate. Further, various components of the device may be processes or threads that run on one or more processors in one or more computing devices, execute computer program instructions, and interact with other system components to perform the various functions described herein. The computer program instructions are stored in a memory, which may be implemented in a computing device using a standard storage device, such as, for example, random access memory (RAM). The computer program instructions may also be stored in other non-transitory computer-readable media, such as, for example, a CD-ROM or a flash drive, etc. And, those skilled in the art should recognize that, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the functions of various computing devices may be combined or integrated into a single computing device, or the functions of a dedicated computing device may be distributed over one or more other computing devices.

[0765] Features or aspects within each embodiment should be considered available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. Accordingly, each suitable feature of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be partially or wholly combined or combined with each other, and may be interlocked and operated technically in various suitable ways, and each embodiment may be independent of each other or combined with each other in any suitable way to be implemented unless otherwise stated or implied.

[0766] Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to embodiments of the present disclosure, it will be understood that the present disclosure should not be limited to these embodiments, but that one or more suitable changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0767] Accordingly, the technical scope of the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to what is set forth in the detailed description of the present disclosure, but is intended to be defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1: Formula 1 Among them, In Formula 1, X is NR4, O, S or Se, S a2 、S a3 and each of R1 to R4 is independently hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, and / or is bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring, n1 is an integer selected from 0 to 2, n2 is an integer selected from 0 to 3, n3 is an integer selected from 0 to 4, S a1 is the position to which the substituent represented by Formula 2 is attached, S a1 and S a2 as well as S a1 and S a3 Any one of the pairs is the position where the substituent represented by Formula 2 is connected Formula 2 And wherein, in Formula 2, -*To connect to S in Formula 1 a1 and S a2 as well as S a1 and S a3 For the positions of any pair in z c1 to z c4 each independently is hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, and / or is bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring m1 and m2 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4, m3 is an integer selected from 0 to 3, and m4 is an integer selected from 0 to 5.

2. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein the fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 is represented by any one selected from Formula 3-1 to Formula 3-4: Formula 3-1 Formula 3-2 Formula 3-3 Formula 3-4 In Formula 3-1 to Formula 3-4, S a2 ' and S a3 ' are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, and X, R1 to R3, n1 to n3, z c1 to z c4 and m1 to m4 are each the same as defined in Formulas 1 and 2.

3. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein the fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 is represented by Formula 4: Formula 4 In Formula 4, R 4a represented by any one selected from Formula S-1 to Formula S-5: Formula S-1 Formula S-2 Formula S-3 Formula S-4 Formula S-5 In Formula S-1 to Formula S-5, Z a is CR a11 R a12 、NR a13 、O, S or Se, R a1 to R a13 each independently is hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, q1, q2, q5, q7 and q8 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 5, q3, q4 and q10 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4, q6 and q9 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 3, -* is the position connected to Formula 1, and In Formula 4, R1 to R3, n1 to n3, S a1 , S a2 and S a3 Each is the same as defined in Formula 1.

4. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein the fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 is represented by Formula 5: Formula 5 In Formula 5, n1 is 0 or 1, n3 is an integer selected from 0 to 3, S b2 and S b3 each independently is hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, S b1 is the position to which the substituent represented by Formula 6 is attached, S b1 and S b2 as well as S b1 and S b3 Any one of the pairs is the position where the substituent represented by Formula 6 is connected Formula 6 In Formula 6, -*For connection to S in Formula 5 b1 and S b2 as well as S b1 and S b3 the positions of any pair in z c5 to z c8 each independently is hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, and / or is bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring m5 and m6 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4, m7 is an integer selected from 0 to 3, m8 is an integer selected from 0 to 5, and In Formula 5, S a1 、S a2 、S a3 、R1 to R3 and n2 are each the same as defined in Formula 1.

5. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein the fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 is represented by any one selected from Formula 7-1 to Formula 7-5: Formula 7-1 Formula 7-2 Formula 7-3 Formula 7-4 Formula 7-5 In Formula 7-1 to Formula 7-5, C1 to C7 are each independently hydrogen or deuterium, R 2a and R 3a each independently represents a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituent represented by any one of Formula A-1 to Formula A-5 R 2b and R 3b each independently is hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, s1 is an integer selected from 0 to 2, s2 is an integer selected from 0 to 3, Formula A-1 Formula A-2 Formula A-3 Formula A-4 Formula A-5 In Formula A-1 to Formula A-5, R b1 to R b9 each independently is hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, z1, z3, z4 and z7 to z9 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 5, z2, z5 and z6 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4, -* is the position connected to Formula 7-2 to Formula 7-5, and In Formula 7-1 to Formula 7-5, X, R1, n1, S a1 , S a2 and S a3 each is the same as defined in Formula 1.

6. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein at least one selected from R1 to R3 is cyano, substituted or unsubstituted isopropyl, substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted triphenylsilyl, substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamino or substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl.

7. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein the fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 is represented by Formula 8-1 or Formula 8-2: Formula 8-1 Formula 8-2 In Formula 8-1 and Formula 8-2, Y1 to Y9 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium and the substituents of Substituent Group 1, Z1 to Z7 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium and the substituents of Substituent Group 1, S b2 and S b3 each independently is hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino group, substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, S b1 is the position to which the substituent represented by Formula 6 is attached, S b1 and S b2 as well as S b1 and S b3 Any one of the pairs is the position where the substituent represented by Formula 6 is connected Formula 6 In Formula 6, -*To connect to S in Formula 8-2 b1 and S b2 as well as S b1 and S b3 and the position of any pair in z c5 to z c8 each independently is hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, and / or is bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring, m5 and m6 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4, m7 is an integer selected from 0 to 3, m8 is an integer selected from 0 to 5, Substituent group 1 And in Formula 8-1 and Formula 8-2, X, S a1 , S a2 and S a3 Each is the same as defined in Formula 1.

8. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein Z c1 to Z c4 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl group.

9. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein the fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 comprises at least one compound selected from the compounds in Compound group 1: Compound group 1 10. A light-emitting element, comprising: A first electrode; A second electrode on the first electrode; And An emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising the fused polycyclic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 9 as a first compound.

11. The light-emitting element according to claim 10, wherein the emission layer further comprises at least one of a second compound represented by Formula HT-1, a third compound represented by Formula ET-1, and a fourth compound represented by Formula D-1: Formula HT-1 In Formula HT-1, M1 to M8 are each independently N or CR 51 , L1 is a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, Y a For direct connection, CR 52 R 53 or SiR 54 R 55 , Ar a is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, R 51 to R 55 each independently represents hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted thio, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted boron, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, and / or is bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring, Formula ET-1 In Formula ET-1, Selected from Z a to Z c at least one of which is N and the others are CR 56 , R 56 is hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, b1 to b3 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 10, Ar b to Ar d each independently is hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, L2 to L4 are each independently a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and Formula D-1 In Formula D-1, Q1 to Q4 are each independently C or N, Ring C1 to Ring C4 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, L 11 to L 13 each independently represents a direct bond, *-O-*, *-S-*, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, where in L 11 to L 13 -* represents the moiety connected to Ring C1 to Ring C4 b11 to b13 are each independently 0 or 1, R 61 to R 66 each independently is hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, and / or is bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring, and d1 to d4 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4.

12. A display device, comprising: A base layer; A circuit layer on the base layer; And A display element layer on the circuit layer and comprising the light-emitting element according to any one of claims 10 and 11.

13. The display device according to claim 12, wherein the light-emitting element further comprises a capping layer on the second electrode, The capping layer has a refractive index of 1.6 or more in a wavelength range of 550 nm to 660 nm.

14. The display device according to claim 12, further comprising a light control layer on the display element layer and comprising quantum dots, Wherein the light-emitting element emits first color light, and The light control layer comprises: A first light control component including first quantum dots that convert the first color light into second color light having a wavelength longer than that of the first color light; A second light control component including second quantum dots that convert the first color light into third color light having a wavelength longer than those of the first color light and the second color light; And A third light control component that transmits the first color light.

15. The display device according to claim 14, further comprising a color filter layer on the light control layer, wherein the color filter layer comprises: a first color filter that transmits the second color light; a second color filter that transmits the third color light; and a third color filter that transmits the first color light.

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