Damping type impact-resistant barrier wall based on magnetorheological material for expressway emergency lane

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnetorheological material-based damping type impact-resistant barrier wall for an expressway emergency lane and a preparation method of the damping type impact-resistant barrier wall, belongs to the technical field of traffic safety facilities, and mainly solves the problems that when an existing concrete barrier wall for the expressway emergency lane is impacted by vehicles, energy is absorbed mainly through a rigid structure, and the traffic safety is influenced. And secondary injury is easily caused to passengers and the vehicle, and the like. The device is mainly composed of a high-strength composite material shell (such as glass fiber reinforced plastic or carbon fiber composite material), a magnetorheological material, a magnetic field regulation and control system, a polytetrafluoroethylene lining and a light high-strength alloy material supporting frame (such as aluminum alloy). The damping type impact-resistant barrier wall is characterized in that a main energy absorption part of the damping type impact-resistant barrier wall at the tail end of the expressway emergency lane is an intelligently-adjustable magnetorheological material layer, internal magnetic particles of the magnetorheological material layer form a chain structure and generate high yield force under the action of a magnetic field, and kinetic energy is converted into heat energy to be dissipated through shear friction and a hysteresis effect in the face of impact. The invention has the key innovation point that the purposes of speed reduction, shock absorption and energy absorption are realized when an out-of-control vehicle driving into the emergency lane collides with the barrier wall at a top speed by utilizing the vibration reduction, buffering and energy dissipation effects of the magnetorheological material. The material is light and environmentally friendly, has good temperature stability and corrosion resistance and is convenient to install and construct, if the material is damaged, the high-strength composite shell can be replaced, the magnetorheological material damper can be updated and maintained, and the overall durability of the energy absorption device is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of traffic safety facilities, and particularly to a damping impact-resistant retaining wall for a highway escape lane based on magnetorheological fluid materials and a preparation method thereof, which is applicable to vehicle collision protection on highways. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of economic development and the acceleration of infrastructure construction, mountain roads have become an important part of the national road network planning. In the planning of mountain roads, long downhill sections often appear due to large height differences at the route selection points. Setting up escape lanes is the most effective engineering measure to improve the driving safety of vehicles on long downhill sections in mountainous areas.

[0003] The retaining wall at the end of the escape lane is an important facility to prevent vehicles from running out of the road and reduce the damage of traffic accidents. When traditional concrete or metal retaining walls are impacted by vehicles, they mainly absorb energy through rigid structures, which are likely to cause serious secondary injuries to vehicles and occupants.

[0004] To solve the above problems, the existing retaining wall at the end of the highway escape lane can be improved. Therefore, the present invention proposes to combine a high-strength composite material shell (such as fiberglass or carbon fiber composite material), a magnetorheological material, a glass fiber polytetrafluoroethylene inner lining layer, and a lightweight and high-strength alloy material support frame (such as aluminum alloy) with the existing retaining wall at the end of the escape lane. By using the vibration damping and buffering effect of the magnetorheological fluid damper, when a vehicle impacts the energy absorption device at high speed, it first collides with the high-strength composite material shell (such as fiberglass or carbon fiber composite material) to offset part of the initial impact energy. When the out-of-control vehicle approaches the impact-resistant retaining wall, the external control system generates a magnetic field by energizing the electromagnetic coil, so that the magnetic particles originally evenly distributed in the carrier liquid are magnetized and form a chain-like structure along the magnetic induction lines within 1 - 10 ms. Macroscopically, it shows a quasi-solid state with a sharp increase in apparent viscosity and a significant increase in yield stress, and can withstand an impact force of about 50 kN. After the high-strength composite material shell bears the initial energy, the magnetized magnetorheological material layer ruptures and rearranges under the external impact energy, and converts the energy into heat energy and dissipates it through shear friction and hysteresis effects, effectively protecting the safety of the occupants. To prevent the magnetorheological fluid from leaking when bearing the instantaneous vehicle impact load, a glass fiber polytetrafluoroethylene material is used as the inner lining layer so that it can resist the impact as a complete body.

[0005] Magnetorheological material is a smart material whose rheological properties can be controlled in real time by applying an external magnetic field. It has fast response and excellent energy absorption and damping properties. Magnetorheological material can return to its original state after the magnetic field is removed without permanent structural changes, and it can work normally under temperature conditions of -40℃ to 150℃, with good stability and durability. However, in the prior art, magnetorheological materials are rarely used in retaining walls at the end of safe lanes, and there is a lack of optimized design for high-speed impacts of out-of-control vehicles. Therefore, it is of practical significance to develop a damping anti-impact retaining wall based on magnetorheological materials.

[0006] High-strength composite materials refer to materials with high strength and high rigidity that are made by combining two or more different materials through a certain process. FRP refers to a material made of glass fiber and thermosetting resin. At the same weight, its strength and rigidity far exceed those of traditional metal materials. It has good corrosion resistance and simple molding process. Carbon fiber composite materials refer to high-strength, high-modulus materials with epoxy resin as the matrix and carbon fiber as the core reinforcement material. They have good fatigue resistance and thermal stability, and are suitable as the shell structure material of the barrier wall at the end of the highway escape lane.

[0007] Polytetrafluoroethylene material is a high molecular polymer made by polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene as a monomer. It can maintain good working performance in the temperature range of -200℃ to 260℃. Polytetrafluoroethylene material hardly reacts with any substance, has excellent corrosion resistance, and can be used as the inner lining of magnetorheological material. After being modified with glass fiber, it has good compressive resistance and can effectively prevent the magnetorheological material layer from leaking when it is subjected to impact.

[0008] The present invention is an anti-impact barrier wall at the end of a highway escape lane. Starting from its own structure and materials, a high-strength composite material, a magnetorheological material damper, a glass fiber polytetrafluoroethylene lining layer and a lightweight high-strength alloy material are combined with the existing end barrier wall of an escape highway, and its overall layout and internal structure are adjusted. The key innovation is to efficiently utilize the shear wear and hysteresis effect of the magnetorheological material under the action of the magnetic field to fully absorb the impact kinetic energy of the out-of-control vehicle, and play a role in vibration reduction and buffering to effectively ensure the safety of the passengers. The material of the present invention is lightweight and environmentally friendly, has good temperature stability and corrosion resistance, is easy to install and construct, and the high-strength composite material shell can be replaced if damaged, and the magnetorheological material damper can be updated and maintained to improve the overall durability of the energy absorption device. Summary of the invention

[0009] (1) Technical issues

[0010] The present invention relates to a damping impact - resistant retaining wall for highway escape lanes based on magnetorheological materials, mainly solving the problems that vehicles driving into highway escape lanes may directly collide with or even break through the end retaining wall due to excessive vehicle speed, insufficient length of the escape lane, etc., resulting in serious injuries to passengers, and the surface of ordinary concrete retaining walls is prone to peeling and cracking in the natural environment, thus affecting the service efficiency. The key innovation of the present invention lies in the efficient utilization of the vibration - damping and buffering effect of magnetorheological damping materials to ensure the purpose of decelerating, damping and energy absorption when out - of - control vehicles collide at high speed. Moreover, the production process is environmentally friendly, easy to install and construct. If damaged, the high - strength composite material shell can be replaced, and the magnetorheological fluid material damper can be updated and maintained to improve the overall durability of the energy - absorption device.

[0011] (2) Technical solution

[0012] In order to solve the problem that vehicles driving into highway escape lanes may directly collide with or even break through the end retaining wall due to excessive vehicle speed, insufficient length of the escape lane, etc., resulting in serious injuries to passengers, the present invention starts from the layout, internal structure and materials of the impact - resistant retaining wall at the end of the escape lane and adopts the following technical solutions:

[0013] Retaining wall structure

[0014] Outer - layer structure: High - strength composite materials (such as fiberglass or carbon fiber composite materials) are used as the shell to provide initial impact resistance.

[0015] Inner - lining structure: Glass fiber polytetrafluoroethylene material is used as the inner lining to prevent liquid leakage of the magnetorheological material when it is subjected to impact.

[0016] Magnetorheological material layer: A magnetorheological material layer is arranged inside the outer - layer structure to absorb and disperse impact energy.

[0017] Magnetic - field regulation system: Electromagnetic coils are embedded inside the retaining wall, and the magnetic - field strength is adjusted in real - time through an external control system to change the rheological properties of the magnetorheological material.

[0018] Supporting frame: Lightweight and high - strength alloy materials (such as aluminum alloy) are used as the supporting frame to ensure the overall stability of the retaining wall.

[0019] Preparation method

[0020] Step 1: Prepare a high - strength composite material shell, which is formed by molding or injection - molding processes.

[0021] Step 2: Install the glass fiber polytetrafluoroethylene inner - lining layer in the cavity reserved inside the shell, and use an epoxy - resin - based adhesive to ensure good fitting between the two.

[0022] Step 3: Inject the magnetorheological material into the fiberglass polytetrafluoroethylene lining layer to form a uniform magnetorheological material layer.

[0023] Step 4: Arrange electromagnetic coils around the magnetorheological material layer and connect them to an external control system.

[0024] Step 5: Install a support frame to fix the outer shell, magnetorheological material layer, and electromagnetic coils together as a whole.

[0025] Step 6: Conduct overall encapsulation and surface treatment on the barrier wall to ensure its weather resistance and aesthetics.

[0026] Mechanism of action

[0027] Damping effect: Under the action of a magnetic field, the magnetic particles in the magnetorheological material form a chain-like structure, generating a high yield force. When subjected to an external impact, the chain-like structure breaks and rearranges, achieving the conversion of kinetic energy to thermal energy through shear friction and hysteresis effects.

[0028] Impact resistance: The high-strength outer shell and support frame provide initial impact resistance, and the magnetorheological material layer further absorbs the remaining energy, reducing the damage to the vehicle and occupants.

[0029] Intelligent regulation: The magnetic field strength is adjusted in real time through an external control system to optimize the damping performance of the magnetorheological material and adapt to impacts of different intensities.

[0030] (3) Beneficial effects

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0032] Under the action of a magnetic field, the magnetorheological material can significantly improve the energy absorption efficiency of the barrier wall through shear friction and hysteresis effects, reduce the injury to the occupants when a runaway vehicle collides violently with the barrier wall, and improve the safety performance. The energy absorption efficiency of the magnetorheological material is determined by the external magnetic field strength and can resist an impact force of about 50 kN. The present invention realizes real-time adjustment of the magnetic field by controlling the current in the electromagnetic coil to adapt to vehicle impacts of different intensities.

[0033] The present invention uses high-strength composite materials such as fiberglass and conducts weather resistance design for the internal magnetorheological material, effectively extending the service life. At the same time, the present invention adopts a modular design, with simple construction and convenient installation and maintenance. Brief description of the drawings Figure 1 It is the overall structure diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is the structure diagram of the barrier wall and its interior of the present invention. In the figure: 1 is a high-strength composite material shell, 2 is a magnetorheological material layer, 3 is an external controller, 4 is a magnetic field control system (electromagnetic coil), 5 is a lightweight high-strength alloy material support frame, and 6 is a glass fiber polytetrafluoroethylene lining layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will provide a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention:

[0035] 1. A damping anti-impact barrier wall for a highway safe lane based on magnetorheological materials comprises: a high-strength composite material shell 1, a magnetorheological material layer 2, an external controller 3, a magnetic field control system (electromagnetic coil) 4, a lightweight high-strength alloy material support frame 5 and a glass fiber polytetrafluoroethylene lining layer 6.

[0036] 2. A damping anti-impact barrier wall for highway escape lanes based on magnetorheological materials. When the speed camera recognizes that an out-of-control vehicle has entered the escape lane and the vehicle is traveling at a high speed, which threatens the lives of passengers, the electromagnetic coil is immediately energized to create a magnetic field environment. When the out-of-control vehicle impacts the barrier wall at a high speed, it first collides with the high-strength composite shell to dissipate the initial impact energy. Under the action of the magnetic field, the internal magnetic particles of the magnetorheological material layer form a chain structure, which produces a high yield force. When impacted by a vehicle, the chain structure breaks and rearranges, and the conversion of kinetic energy to thermal energy is achieved through shear friction and hysteresis effect, dissipating most of the impact kinetic energy and effectively protecting the lives of passengers.

[0037] 3. In order to prevent leakage of magnetorheological fluid when subjected to instantaneous vehicle impact load, glass fiber polytetrafluoroethylene material is used as the inner lining layer so that the magnetorheological material layer can resist the impact as a complete body.

[0038] 4. During routine maintenance, the performance of the high-strength composite material shell 1 and the magnetorheological material layer 2 of the maintenance barrier wall can be checked.

[0039] 5. A method for preparing a damping anti-impact barrier wall for a highway escape lane based on magnetorheological materials: prepare a high-strength composite material shell and form it by molding or injection molding; install a glass fiber polytetrafluoroethylene lining layer in the cavity reserved inside the shell, and use an epoxy resin-based adhesive to ensure that the two are well fitted; inject magnetorheological material into it to form a uniform magnetorheological material layer; then arrange an electromagnetic coil around the magnetorheological material layer and connect it to an external control system. Install a support frame to fix the shell, magnetorheological material layer and electromagnetic coil as a whole; finally, encapsulate and surface treat the barrier wall as a whole to ensure its weather resistance and aesthetics.

[0040] The present invention provides a damping impact-resistant retaining wall for highway escape lanes based on magnetorheological materials, which has the advantages of high efficient energy absorption, intelligent regulation, and high safety performance, is applicable to vehicle collision protection on highways, and has broad application prospects.

Claims

1. A damping type retaining wall for an expressway escape lane based on magnetorheological materials comprises: High-strength composite material shell (such as fiberglass or carbon fiber composite material) (1), magnetorheological material layer (2), external controller (3), magnetic field regulation system (electromagnetic coil) (4), lightweight alloy material support frame (5) and fiberglass polytetrafluoroethylene lining layer (6).

2. A retaining wall as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The rheological properties of the magnetorheological material layer are regulated by an external magnetic field.

3. A retaining wall as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic coil is connected to an external control system and is used to adjust the magnetic field strength in real time.

4. A retaining wall as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The support frame is made of lightweight and high-strength alloy material.

5. A retaining wall as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The lining layer is made of fiberglass-modified polytetrafluoroethylene material.

6. A method for preparing the barrier wall according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that During preparation, first, a high-strength composite material shell is fabricated through a molding or injection molding process; the fiberglass polytetrafluoroethylene lining layer is installed in the cavity reserved inside the shell, and an epoxy resin-based adhesive is used to ensure good adhesion between the two. Then, the magnetorheological material is injected into it to form a uniform magnetorheological material layer; an electromagnetic coil is arranged around the magnetorheological material layer and connected to an external control system; then, the support frame is installed to fix the shell, lining layer, magnetorheological material layer, and electromagnetic coil as a whole; finally, the barrier wall is integrally encapsulated and surface-treated to ensure its weather resistance and aesthetics.

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