Gearbox self-lubricating structure with oil collecting and distributing piece and lubricating optimization method

Abstract

The invention discloses a gearbox self-lubricating structure with an oil collecting and distributing piece and a lubricating optimization method. The gearbox self-lubricating structure comprises the oil collecting and distributing piece (comprising a main oil collecting groove and an input shaft / gear set lubricating pipeline) arranged in a box body and a side lubricating oil way (an auxiliary oil collecting groove and a guide hole). According to the method, splashing oil is intercepted to the main oil collecting groove through the baffle, the oil level and the boss height are dynamically compared based on the oil throwing amount formula Q = k * b * v * h, and the oil is distributed and directionally dripped into the bearing through the lubricating pipeline. The problems of uneven lubrication, poor speed ratio adaptation and high oil stirring heating in the prior art are solved, an external oil pump is not needed, the energy consumption and the manufacturing cost are reduced, scrap iron is intercepted, the service life of the bearing is prolonged, the high-speed shaft is cooled preferentially, and the low-speed shaft is cooled as required under the full-speed-ratio working condition, and the operation stability of the gearbox is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention specifically relates to a self-lubricating structure of a gearbox with an oil collecting and flow dividing member and a lubrication optimization method. Background Art

[0002] In order to keep the gearbox in normal operation, a certain amount of lubricating oil needs to be filled in the oil sump of the gearbox. The lubricating oil is used to reduce the wear of the moving parts in the box, thereby increasing the service life of the whole box; there is also a method of dispersing the lubricating oil into the gear structure through an oil storage box.

[0003] For example, the Chinese invention patent with the publication number "CN11371960402" discloses an active lubrication structure and lubrication method of a gearbox with an oil storage box, which mainly includes a box body, a box cover, an oil pump, a cooler and an oil storage box. The box body and the box cover cooperate to form a closed space. An input shaft, a driven shaft and an output shaft (distributed in a triangular shape) are arranged in the box body. An oil suction port is opened on the lower side wall, and an oil pump is installed near the oil suction port inside. The outside is connected to the cooler through a pipeline. The oil storage box is arranged in the triangular area between the input shaft and the output shaft and above the driven shaft. A plurality of oil outlet ports are arranged on both sides, and an oil inlet port is arranged on one side (inserted into the counterbore on the inner wall of the box body for positioning, and both ends are clamped and fixed by the box body and the box cover). The oil circuit system: oil outlet of the oil pump → cooler → first pipeline → oil inlet of the oil storage box → oil outlet of the oil storage box → second pipeline / groove → bearing / input bearing seat, forming a closed-loop lubrication path. When the gearbox is running, the oil pump is driven by the output shaft gear to suck oil from the bottom of the box body (filtering impurities through a filter), and the pumped oil is sent to the external cooler for cooling; the cooled oil enters the oil storage box in the upper middle part of the box body through the first pipeline for temporary storage, and flows to each bearing and the input bearing seat from the oil outlet of the oil storage box through the second pipeline or groove by gravity, realizing lubrication. This process reduces the oil level at the bottom of the box body (reducing the volume of oil stirred by the gears), thereby reducing the power consumption loss and heat generation caused by oil stirring, and at the same time avoiding direct lubrication of the bearings by high-temperature oil, improving the lubrication efficiency and the comprehensive performance of the gearbox.

[0004] The existing technology (CN11371960402) has the following technical problems: First of all, the existing technology drives the oil pump to pump oil through the output shaft gear, which requires additional consumption of the power of the gearbox and reduces the transmission efficiency; at the same time, the arrangement of the oil pump, cooler and external pipelines (the first / second pipelines) increases the occupation of the external space of the box body (for example, the cooler needs to be bolted to the outside of the box body through a connecting ear), the structural complexity is high (the casting mold needs to reserve space for pipeline installation), and the manufacturing cost increases.

[0005] Secondly, iron filings will be generated during the gear meshing process. The existing technology only intercepts large particle impurities through the filter at the oil inlet of the oil pump, and small particle iron filings are easy to penetrate through the filter and enter the oil circulation. After the iron filings enter the bearing, they will aggravate the wear of the roller and the raceway, and ultimately shorten the bearing life.

[0006] Furthermore, the oil outlet of the oil storage box distributes oil to the bearings through a fixed pipeline, without dynamically adjusting the distribution ratio according to the speed ratio. At high speed ratios, the bearings of the high-speed shaft will experience temperature rise due to insufficient oil volume; at low speed ratios, the bearings of the low-speed shaft may cause oil retention and heat generation due to excessive oil volume, ultimately affecting the working performance of the gearbox. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a self-lubricating structure for a gearbox with an oil collecting and shunting component and a lubrication optimization method in view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art. Through the oil collecting and shunting component, the main oil collecting tank and the lubrication pipeline, and through the oil throwing amount formula, the intelligent distribution of oil is dynamically realized to lubricate the bearings at various places and reduce the temperature rise of the gearbox.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A self-lubricating structure for a gearbox with an oil collecting and shunting component, including a box body with a cavity inside and a driven shaft, a transmission shaft, and an output shaft installed inside the box body. There is lubricating oil in the box body. An input bearing seat is connected to the end of the box body. The input bearing seat is rotatably connected to an input shaft. A bevel gear pair is provided at the end of the input shaft facing the inside of the box body. The driven shaft is linked with an input gear pair that meshes and drives with the bevel gear pair. The transmission shaft is linked with a transmission gear pair that meshes and drives with the driven shaft. The output shaft is linked with an output gear pair that meshes and drives with the transmission shaft. The characteristics are as follows: An oil collecting and shunting component is provided in the box body and is distributed above the driven shaft and the transmission shaft. The oil collecting and shunting component is provided with a main oil collecting tank, an input shaft lubrication pipeline, and a gear set lubrication pipeline. The oil inlet end of the input shaft lubrication pipeline communicates with the main oil collecting tank, and the oil outlet end of the input shaft lubrication pipeline extends above the input shaft. The oil inlet end of the gear set lubrication pipeline communicates with the main oil collecting tank, and the oil outlet end of the gear set lubrication pipeline extends to the side of the box body. A lubricating oil path structure for lubricating the driven shaft and the intermediate shaft is provided on the side of the box body.

[0009] Adopting the above technical solution, first of all, it can not only lubricate the bearings at various places and reduce the temperature rise of the gearbox, but also does not require an external oil pump to drive. The splashing kinetic energy of the rotating gears is used to passively recover the oil. When the gears agitate the oil, the oil splashes into the main oil collecting tank, and the oil is collected and distributed by gravity or splashing kinetic energy without external power drive, avoiding the loss of transmission efficiency. Secondly, the present invention realizes lubrication only through the built-in oil collecting and shunting component and the side lubricating oil path structure in the box body, cancels the external oil pump, cooler and complex pipelines, and reduces the cost.

[0010] The self-lubricating structure of the gearbox with an oil collecting and diverting part described above can be further configured as follows: The input shaft lubrication pipeline includes an input shaft oil inlet channel, an input shaft oil passing channel, and an input shaft oil outlet channel that are arranged in sequence and connected in sequence. The input shaft oil passing channel is parallel to the input shaft oil inlet channel and is arranged in a staggered manner. An arc-shaped corner groove is provided on the oil collecting and diverting part between the input shaft oil passing channel and the input shaft oil outlet channel. The opening of the arc-shaped corner groove faces the input shaft oil inlet channel, and the input shaft oil inlet channel is distributed on the side of the arc-shaped corner groove.

[0011] With the above technical solution, when the iron filings (with a density much greater than that of the oil) generated by gear meshing enter the input shaft lubrication pipeline with the oil, the oil flows from the input shaft oil inlet channel into the parallel and staggered input shaft oil passing channel and needs to pass through the arc-shaped corner groove. Since the inertia of the iron filings is much greater than that of the oil, its movement trajectory is closer to a straight line, and it will deviate from the main oil flow channel and hit the side wall of the groove (the opening of the groove faces the oil inlet channel, and the oil inlet channel is distributed on the side of the groove), and finally deposit in the groove; while the oil, due to its viscosity and fluidity, can turn with the flow channel and enter the input shaft oil outlet channel. Through the principle of density difference and inertia separation, small particle iron filings are effectively intercepted. The present invention, through the design of the arc-shaped corner groove and the staggered channel of the input shaft lubrication pipeline, specifically solves the problem in the prior art that small particle iron filings cannot be effectively intercepted, resulting in bearing wear.

[0012] The self-lubricating structure of the gearbox with an oil collecting and diverting part described above can be further configured as follows: The gear set lubrication pipeline includes a gear set oil inlet channel and a gear set oil outlet channel that are arranged in sequence and connected in sequence. The gear set oil inlet channel is parallel to the input shaft oil inlet channel. The gear set oil outlet channel is arranged along the axial direction of the driven shaft, and both ends of the gear set oil outlet channel extend towards both sides of the box body respectively. Lubricating oil pipeline structures with the same structure are provided on both sides of the box body.

[0013] With the above technical solution, the gear set oil inlet channel is arranged in parallel with the input shaft oil inlet channel, so that the oil in the main oil collecting tank can be simultaneously diverted to the two lubrication pipelines, avoiding the retention of oil in the main oil collecting tank and improving the oil collection and utilization rate; the gear set oil outlet channel extends along the axial direction of the driven shaft and is symmetrically arranged towards both sides of the box body, and is combined with the lubricating oil pipelines with the same structure on both sides to ensure the symmetrical lubrication of the gear set components such as the driven shaft and the transmission shaft, avoiding local wear or temperature rise caused by insufficient unilateral lubrication.

[0014] The self-lubricating structure of the gearbox with an oil collecting and diverting part described above can be further configured as follows: a first positioning hole is provided on the side of the box body corresponding to the driven shaft, a first bearing seat installed in the first positioning hole is linked to the end of the driven shaft, a second positioning hole is provided on the side of the box body corresponding to the transmission shaft, a second bearing seat installed in the second positioning hole is linked to the end of the transmission shaft, a third positioning hole is provided on the side of the box body corresponding to the output shaft, a third bearing seat installed in the third positioning hole is linked to the end of the output shaft, a gear set end cover for covering the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole and an output shaft end cover for covering the third positioning hole are connected to the outside of the box body; the lubricating oil path structure includes a first auxiliary oil collecting groove distributed above the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole, and a second auxiliary oil collecting groove distributed above the third positioning hole. At least one group of first guiding holes communicating to the inner end face of the gear set end cover is provided below the first auxiliary oil collecting groove, and at least one group of second guiding holes communicating to the inner end face of the output shaft end cover is provided below the second auxiliary oil collecting groove.

[0015] With the above technical solution, the first auxiliary oil collecting groove is located above the first and second positioning holes of the driven shaft and the transmission shaft, and the second auxiliary oil collecting groove is located above the third positioning hole of the output shaft. The oil fluid naturally flows into the auxiliary oil collecting groove by the action of gravity. The first guiding holes communicate to the inner end face of the gear set end cover, and the second guiding holes communicate to the inner end face of the output shaft end cover. The oil fluid directly flows to the bearing roller and raceway area along the oil guiding path on the inner surface of the end cover (the inner end face of the end cover is in contact with the bearing seat, and the oil fluid flow path is short and the resistance is small), ensuring lubrication of each bearing. The lubricating oil path structures on both sides of the box body are the same (the first auxiliary oil collecting groove and the first guiding holes are symmetrically distributed), and the bearings on both sides of the driven shaft and the transmission shaft can be lubricated, avoiding local wear or temperature rise caused by insufficient unilateral lubrication.

[0016] The self-lubricating structure of the gearbox with an oil collecting and diverting part described above can be further configured as follows: an oil inlet partition is provided on the oil collecting and diverting part and is distributed between the gear set oil inlet channel and the input shaft oil inlet channel. A rectangular through hole penetrates through the oil inlet partition, and the gear set oil inlet channel is communicated with the input shaft oil inlet channel through the rectangular through hole.

[0017] With the above technical solution, the rectangular through hole of the oil inlet partition serves as a communication structure between the two channels, allowing the oil fluid to flow between the two channels. If the resistance of the input shaft oil inlet channel is large and the flow rate is insufficient, the oil fluid can be supplemented from the gear set oil inlet channel to the input shaft channel through the rectangular through hole; conversely, if the flow rate of the gear set channel is excessive, part of the oil fluid can be diverted to the input shaft channel through the through hole.

[0018] The self-lubricating structure of the gearbox with the oil collecting and flow dividing part described above can be further configured as follows: A boss is provided below the oil inlet channel of the gear set. The boss is higher than the bottom surface of the oil inlet channel of the input shaft. The boss is connected to the downwardly inclined oil passing channel of the gear set at one end away from the main oil collecting tank. The oil outlet channel of the gear set communicates with the lower part of the oil passing channel of the gear set.

[0019] With the above technical solution, the height of the boss is higher than the bottom surface of the oil inlet channel of the input shaft, forming a "threshold" for oil flow splitting - when the gearbox speed ratio is large and the oil splashing amount of the gear is small, the oil level in the main oil collecting tank is lower than the boss, and the oil can only flow into the lubrication pipeline of the input shaft through the oil inlet channel of the input shaft, preferentially meeting the lubrication requirements of the high-speed input shaft bearing (with high rotation speed and temperature rise); when the speed ratio is small and the oil splashing amount is large, the oil level exceeds the boss, and the oil crosses the boss and enters the downwardly inclined oil passing channel of the gear set, and finally is distributed to the bearings of the gear set through the oil outlet channel of the gear set, avoiding the retention and heating caused by excessive oil.

[0020] The self-lubricating structure of the gearbox with the oil collecting and flow dividing part described above can be further configured as follows: A baffle integrally formed with the oil collecting and flow dividing part is provided above the main oil collecting tank.

[0021] With the above technical solution, the splashing oil is guided to fall into the main oil collecting tank as much as possible.

[0022] A lubrication optimization method for the self-lubricating structure of the gearbox with the oil collecting and flow dividing part described in any one of the above, characterized by including the following steps Step 1, oil collection: When the gearbox operates, the gears of the driven shaft, transmission shaft, and output shaft rotate to stir the lubricating oil at the bottom of the box body, and the splashing oil is intercepted by the baffle above the main oil collecting tank of the oil collecting and flow dividing part and diverted into the main oil collecting tank. Step 2, dynamic flow splitting: Calculate the oil splashing amount according to the "formula Q = k×02×v×h", where Q represents the stirring oil amount, k is an empirical coefficient, 02 is the gear width, v is the linear velocity of the pitch circle of the gear, where n is the rotation speed and h is the immersion oil amount. According to the oil level in the main oil collecting tank and the height of the boss below the oil inlet channel of the gear set, the oil is dynamically distributed. Step 3, directional lubrication: The oil in the lubrication pipeline of the input shaft passes through the oil inlet channel of the input shaft, the oil passing channel of the input shaft, and the oil outlet channel of the input shaft, and is dripped above the input bearing seat; the oil in the lubrication pipeline of the gear set passes through the oil inlet channel of the gear set, the oil passing channel of the gear set, and the oil outlet channel of the gear set, and flows into the first secondary oil collecting tank on the side of the box body, and lubricates the bearings respectively linked to the driven shaft and the transmission shaft through the first guiding holes. The gear of the output shaft rotates to stir the lubricating oil at the bottom of the box body, and the oil splashes into the second secondary oil collecting tank, and lubricates the bearing linked to the driving shaft through the second guiding hole.

[0023] The above lubrication optimization method can be further set as follows: in step 2, when the oil level is higher than the boss, the oil flows into the input shaft lubrication pipeline and the gear set lubrication pipeline simultaneously; when the oil level is lower than the boss, the oil only passes through the input shaft lubrication pipeline.

[0024] The above lubrication optimization method can be further set as follows: in step 2, the rectangular through holes of the oil inlet partition plate dynamically adjust the oil pressure of the input shaft lubrication pipeline and the gear set lubrication pipeline respectively, avoiding excessive oil pressure on one side.

[0025] Adopting the above technical solution, in step 2, the intelligent distribution of oil is realized by dynamically comparing the oil level in the main oil sump with the height of the boss: when the speed ratio is large, the oil throwing amount Q is small, the oil level is lower than the boss, and the oil only passes through the input shaft lubrication pipeline (100% oil volume) and is preferentially supplied to the high-speed shaft bearing (fast rotation speed, high temperature rise, and more oil is needed for heat dissipation), avoiding the temperature rise caused by insufficient oil volume; when the speed ratio is small, the oil throwing amount Q is large, the oil level is higher than the boss, and the oil is simultaneously distributed to the input shaft and the gear set lubrication pipelines to meet the needs of the low-speed shaft bearing (large load, more oil is needed for cooling), avoiding the heat generation caused by the excess oil retention. In step 3, the short-path drip injection of the input shaft lubrication pipeline (the oil outlet channel of the input shaft directly extends above the input bearing seat) and the axial shunt of the gear set lubrication pipeline (the oil outlet channel of the gear set is arranged along the axial direction of the driven shaft) ensure that the oil accurately reaches the bearings to be lubricated according to the distribution ratio. Combining with the dynamic adjustment in step 2, finally, "the high-speed shaft is preferentially cooled and the low-speed shaft is cooled as needed" under the full speed ratio condition is realized, solving the problems of "lack of oil and temperature rise of the high-speed shaft and excess oil retention of the low-speed shaft" caused by traditional fixed distribution, and improving the operation stability of the gearbox under all working conditions.

[0026] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the oil collecting and shunting part of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the box body of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Label annotations: housing 1, first positioning hole 101, second positioning hole 102, third positioning hole 103, first secondary oil collecting groove 104, first guiding hole 105, second secondary oil collecting groove 106, second guiding hole 107; input bearing seat 2; input shaft 3, bevel gear pair 301; transmission shaft 4, transmission gear pair 401; driven shaft 5, input gear pair 501; output shaft 6, output gear pair 601; oil collecting and diverting part 7, main oil collecting groove 701, input shaft oil inlet passage 702, input shaft oil outlet passage 703, input shaft oil passing passage 704, arc-shaped corner groove 705, gear set oil inlet passage 706, gear set oil outlet passage 707, gear set oil passing passage 708, oil inlet partition 709, rectangular through hole 7010, boss 7011, baffle 7012; gear set end cover 8, output shaft end cover 9. Detailed implementation mode

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment 1: As Figures 1 to 4The gearbox self-lubricating structure with an oil collecting and diverting part 7 as shown includes a box body 1 with a cavity inside, a driven shaft 5, a transmission shaft 4, and an output shaft 6 installed inside the box body 1. There is lubricating oil inside the box body 1. An input bearing seat 2 is connected to the end of the box body 1. The input bearing seat 2 is rotatably connected to an input shaft 3. A bevel gear pair 301 is provided at the end of the input shaft 3 facing the inner side of the box body 1. The driven shaft 5 is linked with an input gear pair 501 meshing and driving with the bevel gear pair 301. The transmission shaft 4 is linked with a transmission gear pair 401 meshing and driving with the driven shaft 5. The output shaft 6 is linked with an output gear pair 601 meshing and driving with the transmission shaft 4. An oil collecting and diverting part 7 is provided inside the box body 1 and distributed above the driven shaft 5 and the transmission shaft 4. The oil collecting and diverting part 7 is provided with a main oil collecting groove 701, an input shaft lubricating pipeline, and a gear set lubricating pipeline. The oil inlet end of the input shaft lubricating pipeline communicates with the main oil collecting groove 701, and the oil outlet end of the input shaft lubricating pipeline extends above the input shaft 3. The oil inlet end of the gear set lubricating pipeline communicates with the main oil collecting groove 701, and the oil outlet end of the gear set lubricating pipeline extends to the side of the box body 1. A lubricating oil path structure for lubricating the driven shaft 5 and the intermediate shaft is provided on the side of the box body 1. First of all, it can not only lubricate all bearings, reduce the temperature rise of the gearbox, but also does not require an external oil pump to drive, and passively recovers the oil liquid by using the splash kinetic energy of the gear rotation - when the gear agitates the oil liquid, the oil liquid splashes into the main oil collecting groove 701, and the oil liquid completes collection and distribution by relying on gravity or splash kinetic energy, without external power drive, avoiding the loss of transmission efficiency. Secondly, the present invention realizes lubrication only through the oil collecting and diverting part 7 built in the box body 1 and the side lubricating oil path structure, cancels the external oil pump, cooler and complex pipelines, and reduces the cost.

[0031] The input shaft lubrication pipeline includes an input shaft oil inlet passage 702, an input shaft oil passing passage 704, and an input shaft oil outlet passage 703 that are arranged in sequence and connected in sequence. The input shaft oil passing passage 704 is parallel to the input shaft oil inlet passage 702 and is arranged in a staggered manner. An arc-shaped corner groove 705 is provided on the oil collecting and diverting member 7 between the input shaft oil passing passage 704 and the input shaft oil outlet passage 703. The opening of the arc-shaped corner groove 705 faces the input shaft oil inlet passage 702, and the input shaft oil inlet passage 702 is distributed on the side of the arc-shaped corner groove 705. When the iron filings (with a density much greater than that of the oil) generated by the gear meshing enter the input shaft lubrication pipeline along with the oil, the oil flows from the input shaft oil inlet passage 702 into the parallel and staggered input shaft oil passing passage 704 and needs to pass through the arc-shaped corner groove 705. Since the inertia of the iron filings is much greater than that of the oil, its movement trajectory is closer to a straight line, and it will deviate from the main oil flow path and impact the side wall of the groove (the opening of the groove faces the oil inlet passage, and the oil inlet passage is distributed on the side of the groove), and finally deposit in the groove; while the oil, due to its viscosity and fluidity, can turn along the flow path and enter the input shaft oil outlet passage 703. Through the density difference and inertia separation principle, small particle iron filings are effectively intercepted. The present invention, through the design of the arc-shaped corner groove 705 and the staggered channels of the input shaft lubrication pipeline, specifically solves the problem in the prior art that small particle iron filings cannot be effectively intercepted, resulting in bearing wear.

[0032] The gear set lubrication pipeline includes a gear set oil inlet passage 706 and a gear set oil outlet passage 707 that are arranged in sequence and connected in sequence. The gear set oil inlet passage 706 is parallel to the input shaft oil inlet passage 702, and the gear set oil outlet passage 707 is arranged along the axial direction of the driven shaft 5. Both ends of the gear set oil outlet passage 707 extend towards both sides of the housing 1 respectively, and lubricating oil pipeline structures with the same structure are provided on both sides of the housing 1. The parallel arrangement of the gear set oil inlet passage 706 and the input shaft oil inlet passage 702 enables the oil in the main oil collecting tank 701 to be simultaneously diverted to the two lubrication pipelines, avoiding the retention of oil in the main oil collecting tank 701 and improving the utilization rate of oil collection; the gear set oil outlet passage 707 extends along the axial direction of the driven shaft 5 and is symmetrically arranged towards both sides of the housing 1, and cooperates with the lubricating oil pipelines with the same structure on both sides to ensure the symmetrical lubrication of gear set components such as the driven shaft 5 and the transmission shaft 4, avoiding local wear or temperature rise caused by insufficient unilateral lubrication.

[0033] On the side of the box body 1, a first positioning hole 101 is provided corresponding to the driven shaft 5. The end of the driven shaft 5 is linked with a first bearing seat installed in the first positioning hole 101. On the side of the box body 1, a second positioning hole 102 is provided corresponding to the transmission shaft 4. The end of the transmission shaft 4 is linked with a second bearing seat installed in the second positioning hole 102. On the side of the box body 1, a third positioning hole 103 is provided corresponding to the output shaft 6. The end of the output shaft 6 is linked with a third bearing seat installed in the third positioning hole 103. On the outside of the box body 1, a gear set end cover 8 for covering the first positioning hole 101 and the second positioning hole 102 and an output shaft end cover 9 for covering the third positioning hole 103 are connected; the lubricating oil path structure includes a first secondary oil collecting groove 104 distributed above the first positioning hole 101 and the second positioning hole 102, and a second secondary oil collecting groove 106 distributed above the third positioning hole 103. At least one set of first guiding holes 105 communicating to the inner end face of the gear set end cover 8 is provided below the first secondary oil collecting groove 104, and at least one set of second guiding holes 107 communicating to the inner end face of the output shaft end cover 9 is provided below the second secondary oil collecting groove 106. The first secondary oil collecting groove 104 is located above the first and second positioning holes 102 of the driven shaft 5 and the transmission shaft 4, and the second secondary oil collecting groove 106 is located above the third positioning hole 103 of the output shaft 6, so that the oil fluid naturally flows into the secondary oil collecting groove by gravity. The first guiding holes 105 communicate to the inner end face of the gear set end cover 8, and the second guiding holes 107 communicate to the inner end face of the output shaft end cover 9. The oil fluid directly flows to the bearing roller and raceway area along the oil guiding path on the inner surface of the end cover (the inner end face of the end cover fits with the bearing seat, and the oil fluid flow path is short and the resistance is small), ensuring lubrication of each bearing. The lubricating oil path structures on both sides of the box body 1 are the same (the first secondary oil collecting groove 104 and the first guiding holes 105 are symmetrically distributed), and the bearings on both sides of the driven shaft 5 and the transmission shaft 4 can be lubricated, avoiding local wear or temperature rise caused by insufficient unilateral lubrication.

[0034] On the oil collecting and shunting part 7, an oil inlet partition 709 is provided between the gear set oil inlet channel 706 and the input shaft oil inlet channel 702. A rectangular through hole 7010 penetrates through the oil inlet partition 709. The gear set oil inlet channel 706 is communicated with the input shaft oil inlet channel 702 through the rectangular through hole 7010. The rectangular through hole 7010 of the oil inlet partition 709 serves as the communication structure between the two channels, allowing the oil fluid to flow between the two channels. If the resistance of the input shaft oil inlet channel 702 is large and the flow rate is insufficient, the oil fluid can be supplemented from the gear set oil inlet channel 706 to the input shaft 3 channel through the rectangular through hole 7010; conversely, if the flow rate of the gear set channel is excessive, part of the oil fluid can be shunted to the input shaft 3 channel through the through hole.

[0035] Below the oil inlet passage 706 of the gear set, there is a boss 7011. The boss 7011 is higher than the bottom surface of the oil inlet passage 702 of the input shaft. At one end of the boss 7011 away from the main oil sump 701, there is a downwardly inclined oil passage 708 for the gear set connected. The oil outlet passage 707 of the gear set communicates with the lower part of the oil passage 708 for the gear set. The height of the boss 7011 is higher than the bottom surface of the oil inlet passage 702 of the input shaft, forming a "threshold" for oil diversion - when the gearbox speed ratio is large and the oil thrown by the gears is small, the oil level in the main oil sump 701 is lower than the boss 7011, and the oil can only flow into the lubrication pipeline of the input shaft through the oil inlet passage 702 of the input shaft to preferentially meet the lubrication requirements of the bearings of the high-speed input shaft 3 (fast rotation speed and high temperature rise); when the speed ratio is small and the oil thrown is large, the oil level exceeds the boss 7011, and the oil crosses the boss 7011 and enters the downwardly inclined oil passage 708 for the gear set, and finally is distributed to the bearings of the gear set through the oil outlet passage 707 of the gear set to avoid the retention and heating caused by excessive oil.

[0036] Above the main oil sump 701, there is a baffle 7012 integrally formed with the oil collecting and diverting member 7. The baffle guides the splashing oil to fall into the main oil sump 701 as much as possible.

[0037] Embodiment 2: A lubrication optimization method for a gearbox self-lubricating structure with an oil collecting and diverting member 7 in Embodiment 1 includes the following steps. Step 1, oil collection: When the gearbox is running, the gears of the driven shaft 5, the transmission shaft 4, and the output shaft 6 (pitch circle diameter 0.45 m, width 0.1 m) rotate at an input speed of 1500 r / min. (According to V = , where n is the rotational speed of the gear of the output shaft 6, d is the pitch circle diameter, the linear velocity of the gear at each speed ratio can be obtained), h is the oil immersion amount, taking 0.018 m, and the lubricating oil at the bottom of the housing 1 is stirred (the oil level immerses 15% of the large gear, that is, the oil immersion amount h = 0.018 m). The splashing oil is intercepted by the baffle 7m above the main oil sump 701 of the oil collecting and diverting member 7, and the oil flows along the inner surface of the baffle 7m to the main oil sump 701.

[0038] Step 2, dynamic diversion: Calculate the oil throw amount according to the "formula Q = k×b×v×h". Q represents the oil stirring amount (unit is "m 3 / s"), k is an empirical coefficient, b is the gear width (unit is "m"), v is the pitch circle linear velocity of the gear (unit is "m / s"), where n is the rotational speed, h is the oil immersion amount (unit is "m"), calculate the Q value (unit is "m 3 / s") is converted to "L / min". The oil is dynamically distributed according to the oil level in the main oil collecting tank 701 and the height of the boss 7011 below the gear set oil inlet channel 706: when the oil level is higher than the boss 7011, the oil flows into the input shaft lubrication pipeline and the gear set lubrication pipeline at the same time; when the oil level is lower than the boss 7011, the oil only flows through the input shaft lubrication pipeline. The rectangular through hole 7010 of the oil inlet partition 709 dynamically adjusts the oil pressure of the input shaft lubrication pipeline and the gear set lubrication pipeline to avoid excessive oil pressure on one side.

[0039] As shown in the table, the oil throwing amount of the output gear pair 601 at different speed ratios. When the speed ratio is 16 and the speed ratio is 90, the output gear oil throwing amount is 15.3L / min and 2.1L / min respectively, and the difference in oil throwing amount is large. Since the input shaft 3 bearing rotates faster and the temperature rises higher than other shaft bearings, the input shaft 3 should be allocated a larger proportion of oil. When the speed ratio is about 16, the output speed is high, the amount of stirred oil is large, and the main oil collecting tank 701 collects oil. Since the difference in the number of teeth in the first stage is very small, the speed of the first-stage driven shaft 5 is faster, and the bearing needs more oil to take away the heat. When there is more oil, this device can take away 60% of the oil from the bearings on both sides of the driven shaft 5, and the remaining 40% is used for the input bearing seat 2. In the process of 40% oil flowing into the first stage, there is a certain curvature and a channel at the corner. The excess oil can flow to the first driven stage, and 2 / 8 iron chips can also be achieved. The speed ratio of the gearbox is generally constant. At a certain speed ratio, iron chips may be stirred and deposited in the oil collecting tank of the oil collecting device. If some iron chips enter the lubrication pipeline with the oil, the flying sand weir structure can effectively prevent this part of iron chips from entering the input stage active shaft bearing. The iron chips swirl in the groove at the corner, enter the channels of the two lubrication pipelines, follow the driven lubrication pipeline into the oil collecting tank on the side wall of the box body 1, pass through the inner cavity of the end cover, and flow away from the oil return hole, indirectly improving the bearing life of the input shaft 3. If the speed ratio is 90, the output gear stirring oil volume is small, the input stage speed ratio reaches 4.5, the input stage driven shaft 5 has a low speed, the oil level of the main oil collecting tank 701 will not be higher than the boss 7011, and the input stage driving shaft gets 100% of the oil volume for lubrication and heat dissipation. As the speed ratio increases from 16 to 90, the oil volume of the driving shaft decreases, but its oil distribution ratio increases, and it still gets relatively more oil. The other speed ratios will not be described in detail.

[0040] Speed ratio 12.5 14 16 18 20 22.4 Stirring oil quantity 15.3 13.6 11.9 10.6 9.5 8.5 Speed ratio 25 28 31.5 35.5 40 45 Pump oil quantity 7.6 6.8 6.1 5.4 4.8 4.2 Speed ratio 50 56 63 71 80 90 Pump oil quantity 3.8 3.4 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.1 Step 3, directional lubrication: The oil in the input shaft lubrication pipeline passes through the input shaft oil inlet passage 702, the input shaft oil passage 704, and the input shaft oil outlet passage 703, and drips above the input bearing housing 2; the oil in the gear set lubrication pipeline passes through the gear set oil inlet passage 706, the gear set oil passage 708, and the gear set oil outlet passage 707, flows into the first secondary oil sump 104 on the side of the box body 1, and lubricates the bearings linked to the driven shaft 5 and the transmission shaft 4 respectively through the first guiding hole 105. The gear of the output shaft 6 rotates to stir the lubricating oil at the bottom of the box body 1, and the oil splashes into the second secondary oil sump 106, and lubricates the bearing linked to the driving shaft through the second guiding hole 107.

[0041] The short-path drip of the input shaft lubrication pipeline (the input shaft oil outlet passage 703 directly extends above the input bearing housing 2) and the axial diversion of the gear set lubrication pipeline (the gear set oil outlet passage 707 is arranged along the axial direction of the driven shaft 5) in the second embodiment ensure that the oil reaches the bearings to be lubricated accurately according to the distribution ratio. Combined with dynamic adjustment, finally, "the high-speed shaft is preferentially cooled and the low-speed shaft is cooled as needed" under the full speed ratio condition is realized, solving the problems of "lack of oil and temperature rise of the high-speed shaft and oil retention of the low-speed shaft" caused by traditional fixed distribution, and improving the operation stability of the gearbox under all working conditions.

Claims

1. The self-lubricating structure of a gearbox with an oil collecting and diverting part, comprising a box body with a cavity inside, a driven shaft, a transmission shaft and an output shaft installed in the box body. There is lubricating oil in the box body. An input bearing seat is connected to the end of the box body. The input bearing seat is rotatably connected to an input shaft. A bevel gear pair is provided at the end of the input shaft facing the inner side of the box body. The driven shaft is linked with an input gear pair meshing and driving with the bevel gear pair. The transmission shaft is linked with a transmission gear pair meshing and driving with the driven shaft. The output shaft is linked with an output gear pair meshing and driving with the transmission shaft. It is characterized in that: A oil collecting and shunting member is arranged above the driven shaft and the transmission shaft in the box body. The oil collecting and shunting member is provided with a main oil collecting tank, an input shaft lubrication pipeline, and a gear set lubrication pipeline. The oil inlet end of the input shaft lubrication pipeline is communicated with the main oil collecting tank, and the oil outlet end of the input shaft lubrication pipeline extends above the input shaft. The oil inlet end of the gear set lubrication pipeline is communicated with the main oil collecting tank, and the oil outlet end of the gear set lubrication pipeline extends to the side of the box body. A lubricating oil path structure for lubricating the driven shaft and the intermediate shaft is arranged on the side of the box body.

2. The self-lubricating structure of the gearbox with an oil collecting and flow dividing part according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input shaft lubrication pipeline includes an input shaft oil inlet channel, an input shaft oil passing channel, and an input shaft oil outlet channel which are arranged in sequence and communicated in sequence. The input shaft oil passing channel is parallel to the input shaft oil inlet channel and is arranged in a staggered manner. An arc-shaped corner groove is arranged on the oil collecting and shunting member between the input shaft oil passing channel and the input shaft oil outlet channel. The opening of the arc-shaped corner groove faces the input shaft oil inlet channel, and the input shaft oil inlet channel is arranged on the side of the arc-shaped corner groove.

3. The self-lubricating structure of a gearbox with an oil collecting and flow dividing part according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gear set lubrication pipeline includes a gear set oil inlet channel and a gear set oil outlet channel which are arranged in sequence and communicated in sequence. The gear set oil inlet channel is parallel to the input shaft oil inlet channel. The gear set oil outlet channel is arranged along the axial direction parallel to the driven shaft. Both ends of the gear set oil outlet channel extend towards both sides of the box body respectively. Lubricating oil path structures with the same structure are arranged on both sides of the box body.

4. The self-lubricating structure of a gearbox with an oil collecting and flow dividing part according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first positioning hole corresponding to the driven shaft is arranged on the side of the box body. A first bearing seat installed in the first positioning hole is linked to the end of the driven shaft. A second positioning hole corresponding to the transmission shaft is arranged on the side of the box body. A second bearing seat installed in the second positioning hole is linked to the end of the transmission shaft. A third positioning hole corresponding to the output shaft is arranged on the side of the box body. A third bearing seat installed in the third positioning hole is linked to the end of the output shaft. A gear set end cover for covering the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole and an output shaft end cover for covering the third positioning hole are connected to the outside of the box body. The lubricating oil path structure includes a first secondary oil collecting tank distributed above the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole, and a second secondary oil collecting tank distributed above the third positioning hole. At least one group of first guiding holes communicating to the inner end face of the gear set end cover is arranged below the first secondary oil collecting tank. At least one group of second guiding holes communicating to the inner end face of the output shaft end cover is arranged below the second secondary oil collecting tank.

5. The self-lubricating structure of a gearbox with an oil collecting and diverting part according to claim 3, wherein: An oil inlet partition plate is arranged on the oil collecting and shunting member between the gear set oil inlet channel and the input shaft oil inlet channel. A rectangular through hole is penetrated through the oil inlet partition plate. The gear set oil inlet channel is communicated with the input shaft oil inlet channel through the rectangular through hole.

6. The self-lubricating structure of a gearbox with an oil collecting and flow dividing part according to claim 3, characterized in that: A boss is arranged below the gear set oil inlet channel. The boss is higher than the bottom surface of the input shaft oil inlet channel. The boss is connected with a downwardly inclined gear set oil passing channel at the end far from the main oil collecting tank. The gear set oil outlet channel is communicated with the lower part of the gear set oil passing channel.

7. The self-lubricating structure of the gearbox with an oil collecting and flow dividing part according to claim 3, characterized in that: A baffle plate integrally formed with the oil collecting and shunting member is arranged above the main oil collecting tank.

8. A lubrication optimization method for a self-lubricating structure of a gearbox with an oil collecting and flow dividing part according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Including the following steps, Step 1, Oil collection: When the gearbox operates, the gears on the driven shaft, transmission shaft, and output shaft rotate to agitate the lubricating oil at the bottom of the box body. The splashing oil is intercepted by the baffle above the main oil collection tank of the oil collection and diversion component and guided into the main oil collection tank. Step 2, Dynamic diversion: Calculate the oil throwing amount according to the formula "Q = k×b×v×h", where Q represents the agitation oil amount, k is the empirical coefficient, b is the gear width, v is the linear velocity of the pitch circle of the gear (where n is the rotational speed), and h is the oil immersion amount. Dynamically distribute the oil according to the height of the oil level in the main oil collection tank and the convex platform below the oil inlet channel of the gear set. Step 3, Directional lubrication: The oil in the lubrication pipeline of the input shaft passes through the oil inlet channel of the input shaft, the oil passing channel of the input shaft, and the oil outlet channel of the input shaft, and is dripped above the input bearing seat; the oil in the lubrication pipeline of the gear set passes through the oil inlet channel of the gear set, the oil passing channel of the gear set, and the oil outlet channel of the gear set, and flows into the first secondary oil collection tank on the side of the box body, and lubricates the bearings linked to the driven shaft and the transmission shaft respectively through the first guiding holes. The gear on the output shaft rotates to agitate the lubricating oil at the bottom of the box body, and the oil splashes into the second secondary oil collection tank, and lubricates the bearing linked to the driving shaft through the second guiding hole.

9. The lubrication optimization method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In Step 2, when the oil level is higher than the convex platform, the oil flows into the lubrication pipelines of the input shaft and the gear set simultaneously; when the oil level is lower than the convex platform, the oil only passes through the lubrication pipeline of the input shaft.

10. The lubrication optimization method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In Step 2, the rectangular through hole of the oil inlet partition dynamically adjusts the oil pressure of the lubrication pipelines of the input shaft and the gear set respectively to avoid excessive oil pressure on one side.

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