Fatigue test device and method for vertical reduction gearbox

Abstract

The invention discloses a fatigue test device and method for a vertical reduction gearbox, and the device comprises a torque detection workpiece which is used for detecting the torque of the vertical reduction gearbox, and the torque detection workpiece comprises a test motor which is connected with an input shaft of the vertical reduction gearbox; the device further comprises a wheel load detection workpiece for detecting the wheel load of the vertical reduction gearbox, the wheel load detection workpiece comprises a stand column assembly, the stand column assembly comprises a loading part and a sliding support, the test motor is fixedly installed on the sliding support, and the loading part drives the sliding support to drive the test motor to exert pressure on the vertical reduction gearbox together. According to the invention, the load is added to the driving wheels on the vertical reduction gearbox, so that the stress condition of the vertical reduction gearbox on the whole vehicle is simulated. Therefore, the torque and the wheel load borne by the vertical reduction gearbox on the electric storage vehicle during working can be simulated at the same time, and the performance of the vertical reduction gearbox is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of detection devices, and particularly relates to a fatigue test device and method for a vertical speed reducer. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the logistics industry, the demand for electric warehousing vehicles (such as forklifts and stackers) is also increasing. To adapt to the space limitations of electric warehousing vehicles, the speed reducers thereon are generally compact vertical speed reducers. The input shaft of the vertical speed reducer is connected to the motor, and the output shaft is connected to the drive wheel. The gear on the input shaft of the vertical speed reducer drives the gear on the output shaft to rotate, thereby realizing the conversion of speed and torque.

[0003] As a core component of an electric warehousing vehicle, the reliability of the vertical speed reducer directly affects the quality level of the whole vehicle. Therefore, it is required that the vertical speed reducer needs to be subjected to a reliability test, that is, fatigue or life verification, on a test bench before being installed on the whole vehicle. At present, when the existing fatigue test device conducts a reliability test on the vertical speed reducer, it mainly applies a reverse torque to the output shaft of the vertical speed reducer through a magnetic powder brake to simulate its driving resistance. Then, based on a preset torque cyclic loading, it simulates the periodic driving torque and continuous load borne by the speed reducer under actual working conditions, verifies the fatigue life of its core components such as gears and bearings under long-term alternating stress, and ensures that it meets the design reliability requirements.

[0004] However, during the operation of the vertical speed reducer, it not only bears the driving torque when the drive wheel is running, but also bears the load in the vertical direction transmitted to the vertical speed reducer through the drive wheel, which is also called wheel load. The existing devices for fatigue testing of vertical speed reducers can only simulate the driving torque during the operation of the whole vehicle, without considering the wheel load generated during the operation of the whole vehicle. Therefore, even if the vertical speed reducer passes the fatigue test on the fatigue test device, it cannot guarantee that the vertical speed reducer will not be damaged when the whole vehicle is working.

[0005] In addition, due to the large variety of electric warehousing vehicles, there are also vertical speed reducers of different specifications and sizes. The existing fatigue test devices cannot meet the detection of vertical speed reducers of different specifications. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the deficiencies existing in the existing test devices, the present invention provides a fatigue test device and method for a vertical speed reducer. This test device can simultaneously simulate the torque and wheel load borne by the vertical speed reducer when an electric warehousing vehicle is working, so as to avoid the situation that the speed reducer is damaged during the operation of the whole vehicle after passing the fatigue test.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A fatigue test device for a vertical speed reducer, including a torque detection workpiece for detecting the torque of the vertical speed reducer, and the torque detection workpiece includes a test motor connected to the input shaft of the vertical speed reducer; it also includes a wheel load detection workpiece for detecting the wheel load of the vertical speed reducer, and the wheel load detection workpiece includes a column assembly, and the column assembly includes a loading member and a sliding bracket. The test motor is fixedly installed on the sliding bracket, and the loading member drives the sliding bracket to apply pressure to the vertical speed reducer together with the test motor.

[0009] In a further solution, the column assembly includes a symmetrically arranged upper cross beam and a mounting base, and a guiding column is fixedly connected between the upper cross beam and the mounting base. The sliding bracket is movably connected to the guiding column and moves up and down along the guiding column.

[0010] In an even further solution, the loading member is a hydraulic cylinder, the base of the hydraulic cylinder is installed on the upper cross beam, and the piston rod is connected to the sliding bracket;

[0011] At least two guiding columns and loading members are provided.

[0012] In a further solution, an adjusting support member is connected between the upper cross beam and the sliding bracket. The adjusting support member includes a support rod and a fixed rod oppositely arranged at both ends of a threaded barrel. A weighing sensor and a bearing are installed inside the threaded barrel. The movable end of the support rod is threadedly connected to the threaded barrel, and the end of the movable end of the fixed rod is connected to the threaded barrel through a bearing and extends into the interior to contact the weighing sensor. In a further solution, an excessive support is fixedly provided on the outside of the sliding bracket and is located on the same horizontal plane. An installation frame is installed on the excessive support. The test motor and the vertical speed reducer are respectively fixedly installed on the installation frame. The drive shaft of the test motor passes through the installation frame and is connected to the input shaft of the vertical speed reducer.

[0013] In an even further solution, the installation frame includes a horizontal support plate. A positioning hole for the drive shaft of the test motor to pass through is opened in the middle of the horizontal support plate. A connecting plate for installing the vertical speed reducer is fixedly provided on the horizontal support plate on the opposite side of the test motor; waist-shaped holes for connecting with the excessive support are opened on the horizontal support plate to finely adjust the angle of the horizontal support plate, thereby adjusting the position of the center of the test motor on the horizontal plane.

[0014] In a further solution, the torque detection workpiece includes a bearing bracket for supporting a driving wheel connected to the output shaft of the vertical speed reducer. The bearing bracket includes a support frame, and two support bearing groups for supporting the driving wheel are symmetrically installed on the support frame. The output shaft of the vertical speed reducer is connected to a magnetic powder brake through a transmission shaft, and a torque sensor for detecting torque is installed on the transmission shaft.

[0015] For a further solution, the support bearing group includes two bearing seats symmetrically and fixedly installed on the support frame and a wheel load shaft installed between the two bearing seats; bearings are embedded in the bearing seats, and the ends of the wheel load shaft are connected to the bearings.

[0016] More preferably, it further includes a test bench. The transmission shaft is installed on the test bench through a bearing seat mounting bracket; the magnetic powder brake is installed on the test bench through a load mounting bracket.

[0017] The second object of the present invention is to provide a fatigue test method for a vertical speed reducer, and its steps include:

[0018] S1. Start the test motor to drive the vertical speed reducer to operate;

[0019] S2. Apply a reverse driving torque to the output shaft of the vertical speed reducer;

[0020] S3. Detect the torque magnitude of the output shaft of the vertical speed reducer. When it reaches the preset value, the test motor stops and locks this torque state;

[0021] S4. Apply pressure to the vertical speed reducer and detect the pressure value. When it reaches the preset value, lock this pressure value;

[0022] S5. According to the locked torque state and pressure value, cycle steps S1, S2, and S4 to simultaneously test the torque and wheel load of the vertical speed reducer to verify its performance.

[0023] For a further solution, the input shaft of the vertical speed reducer is connected to the test motor, and the output shaft is connected to the magnetic powder brake through a transmission shaft; a driving wheel is also installed on the output shaft of the vertical speed reducer, and the driving wheel is mounted on two self-lubricating wheel load shafts;

[0024] Applying pressure to the vertical speed reducer is to use a loading member to drive the test motor to apply pressure to the vertical speed reducer; the loading member includes a hydraulic cylinder or a cylinder.

[0025] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The present invention can simultaneously simulate the torque and wheel load borne by the vertical speed reducer on an electric warehousing vehicle during operation, so as to avoid the situation that the speed reducer is damaged during the whole vehicle operation after passing the fatigue test.

[0027] 2. The fatigue test device of the present invention realizes applying pressure to the vertical speed reducer through a loading member and a sliding bracket, and realizes the adjustment of the wheel load size by adjusting the pressure magnitude of the loading member. That is, by increasing the load on the driving wheel of the vertical speed reducer, the stress condition of the vertical speed reducer on the whole vehicle is simulated.

[0028] 3. The sliding bracket on the fatigue test device of the present invention can adjust the height of the test motor, so as to conduct fatigue tests on vertical speed reducers of different heights. It can also adapt to the fatigue tests of vertical speed reducers of different specifications by replacing the column assemblies of different heights.

[0029] 4. The present invention uses two self-lubricating wheel carrier shafts to support the driving wheel and make pure rolling with the tire of the driving wheel, so as to reduce the frictional resistance between the tire and the wheel carrier shaft and reduce tire wear. And the two wheel carrier shafts are symmetrically arranged relative to the center of the driving wheel.

[0030] 5. The fatigue test device of the present invention can be modified on the existing torque detection workpiece by adding a column assembly and can achieve three-direction adjustment. One is to adjust the vertical height of the test motor by adjusting the height of the sliding bracket; the second is to finely adjust the installation angle of the horizontal support plate through the kidney-shaped holes on the horizontal support plate, and then adjust the position of the center of the test motor on the horizontal plane; the third is to finely adjust the installation position of the bearing seat through the kidney-shaped holes on the support frame, and then calibrate the two wheel carrier shafts to be symmetrically arranged relative to the center of the driving wheel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention,

[0033] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the column assembly in the present invention,

[0034] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the mounting bracket in the present invention,

[0035] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the bearing bracket in the present invention,

[0036] In the figure: column assembly 1, upper cross beam 101, adjusting support member 102, guide post 103, sliding bracket 104, mounting base 105, transition bracket 106, hydraulic cylinder 107;

[0037] test motor 2;

[0038] mounting bracket 3, kidney-shaped hole 301, positioning hole 302, connecting plate 303, horizontal support plate 304; vertical speed reducer 4, driving wheel 41;

[0039] test bench 5;

[0040] bearing bracket 6, bearing seat 601, wheel carrier shaft 602, support frame 603, mounting bolt 604, bearing 605;

[0041] Bearing seat mounting bracket 7, load mounting bracket 8, magnetic powder brake 9. Detailed implementation mode

[0042] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0043] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection", "fixation", "fixed installation" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific situations.

[0044] Embodiment 1:

[0045] As Figures 1-4 shown, a fatigue test device for a vertical speed reducer includes a torque detection workpiece for detecting the torque of the vertical speed reducer. The torque detection workpiece includes a test motor 2 connected to the input shaft of the vertical speed reducer 4. For example, the output shaft of the test motor 2 is connected to the input shaft of the vertical speed reducer 4 through a coupling (the same below); the output shaft of the vertical speed reducer 4 is connected to the magnetic powder brake 9 through a transmission shaft, and a driving wheel 41 is installed on the output shaft of the vertical speed reducer 4. The test motor 2 operates to drive the input shaft and the output shaft of the vertical speed reducer 4 to rotate; while the magnetic powder brake 9 applies a reverse torque to the output shaft of the vertical speed reducer 4 through the transmission shaft to form a load. When the target torque is reached, the excitation current of the magnetic powder brake is maintained constant to lock the load state for static fatigue testing; or cyclic loading is performed according to a preset waveform of the excitation current for dynamic fatigue testing.

[0046] In addition, in order to facilitate observing the magnitude of the torque, a torque sensor for detecting the torque is installed on the transmission shaft. The specific torque sensor transmits the detected signal to the PLC, converts it into a torque value and displays it. The PLC can select a conventional model existing in the art.

[0047] More preferably, it further includes a test bench 5. The transmission shaft is installed on the test bench 5 through a bearing seat mounting bracket 7; the magnetic powder brake 9 is installed on the test bench 5 through a load mounting bracket 8. The bearing seat mounting bracket 7, the load mounting bracket 8, and the bearing support 6 are coaxially installed on the test bench 5; so that the magnetic powder brake 9, the transmission shaft, and the output shaft of the vertical speed reducer 4 are coaxial.

[0048] This fatigue test device further includes a wheel load detection workpiece for detecting the wheel load of the vertical speed reducer. The wheel load detection workpiece includes a column assembly 1, and the column assembly 1 includes a loading member and a sliding bracket 104. The test motor 2 is fixedly installed on the sliding bracket 104, and the loading member drives the sliding bracket 104 to apply pressure to the vertical speed reducer 4 together with the test motor 2.

[0049] As Figure 2 shown, the column assembly 1 includes symmetrically arranged upper cross beams 101 and mounting bases 105. A guiding column 103 is fixedly connected between the upper cross beam 101 and the mounting base 105. The sliding bracket 104 is movably connected to the guiding column 103 and moves up and down along the guiding column 103.

[0050] For the convenience of modular installation and adjustment, the guiding column 103, the upper cross beam 101 and the mounting base 105 are all detachably installed (such as bolt fixation). The overhanging bracket 106 is installed on the sliding bracket 104, and the whole can slide up and down along the guiding column 103.

[0051] The loading member is a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. In this embodiment, the loading member is a hydraulic cylinder 107. The base of the hydraulic cylinder 107 is installed on the upper cross beam 101, and the piston rod is fixedly connected to the sliding bracket 104. Hydraulic oil is injected into the rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 107, and its piston rod extends to drive the sliding bracket 104 to move towards the vertical speed reducer 4 along the guiding column 103, thereby driving the test motor 2 to apply pressure to the vertical speed reducer 4 together. The vertical speed reducer 4 is subjected to the double vertical loads of the test motor 2 and the sliding bracket 104, that is, the wheel load.

[0052] In this embodiment, there are three guiding columns 103, which improves the reliability of guiding and supporting the sliding bracket 104; it also improves the accuracy and credibility of the fatigue test. There are two loading members, which is also for improving the stability when the sliding bracket 104 moves.

[0053] In another embodiment, an adjusting support member 102 is connected between the upper cross beam 101 and the sliding bracket 104. The adjusting support member 102 includes a support rod and a fixed rod arranged oppositely. A threaded cylinder is sleeved on the outer circumference of the support rod. A weighing sensor and a bearing are installed in the inner cavity of the threaded cylinder. The end of the movable end of the fixed rod is connected to the threaded cylinder through the bearing and extends into the interior to contact the weighing sensor. In this embodiment, when the threaded cylinder is rotated, the threaded cylinder drives the fixed rod to move synchronously along the support rod, forming a "telescopic" structure, so as to realize the rapid adjustment of the overall length of the adjusting support member 102. The outer ring of the bearing is fixed to the inner wall of the threaded cylinder, and the inner ring is fixed to the outer wall of the fixed rod, so as to realize relative rotation.

[0054] Specifically, a limiting step or a clamping groove for positioning the weighing sensor is provided on the inner wall of the threaded cylinder, so that the weighing sensor only bears the vertical pressure and avoids the interference of the lateral force on the measurement. The fixed end of the support rod is fixed on the sliding bracket 104, and the fixed end of the fixed rod is fixed on the upper cross beam 101. That is, when hydraulic oil is injected into the rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 107, its piston rod extends and drives the sliding bracket 104 to move; when the pressure loaded by the hydraulic cylinder 107 reaches the required pressure value of the test, rotate the threaded cylinder in the adjusting support member 102 to lengthen the support rod until its overall height is the same as that of the hydraulic cylinder 107; at this time, the threaded cylinder exerts an upward extrusion force on the fixed rod, that is, presses the weighing sensor, and the pressure value displayed on the weighing sensor at this time is exactly the load loaded by the hydraulic cylinder, that is, the wheel load.

[0055] To reduce the consumption of hydraulic energy, the oil pressure in the rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder can be removed, and the adjusting support member 102 is used for support and pressing on the sliding frame. At this time, the pressure value displayed on the weighing sensor is exactly the load loaded by the hydraulic cylinder. The limit deviation value of the weighing sensor is set in the test system. When it exceeds the limit deviation value, manually slightly adjust the position of the threaded cylinder to make the wheel load reach the set value.

[0056] As Figure 2 shown, an over-bracket 106 located on the same horizontal plane is fixedly provided on the outside of the sliding bracket 104. An installation bracket 3 is installed on the over-bracket 106. The test motor 2 and the vertical reduction gearbox 4 are respectively fixedly installed on the installation bracket 3. The test motor 2 is installed at the top of the installation bracket 3, and its drive shaft passes through the installation bracket 3 and is connected to the input shaft of the vertical reduction gearbox 4. The housing of the vertical reduction gearbox 4 is installed below the installation bracket 3.

[0057] As Figure 3 shown, the installation bracket 3 includes a horizontal support plate 304. A positioning hole 302 for the drive shaft of the test motor 2 to pass through is provided in the middle of the horizontal support plate 304. The test motor 2 is installed at the top of the installation bracket 3, and its drive shaft passes through the installation bracket 3 and is connected to the input shaft of the vertical reduction gearbox 4. A connecting plate 303 for installing the vertical reduction gearbox 4 is fixedly provided on the horizontal support plate 304 on the opposite side of the test motor 2. The housing of the vertical reduction gearbox 4 is installed on the connecting plate 303. A kidney-shaped hole 301 connected to the over-bracket 106 is provided on the horizontal support plate 304 for finely adjusting the angle of the horizontal support plate 304, and further adjusting the position of the center of the test motor 2 on the horizontal plane.

[0058] As Figure 1 shown, the torque detection workpiece includes a bearing bracket 6 for supporting a driving wheel 41 connected to the output shaft of the vertical reduction gearbox 4. As Figure 4As shown, the bearing bracket 6 includes a support frame 603, and two support bearing groups for supporting the drive wheels 41 are symmetrically installed on the support frame 603.

[0059] Specifically, the support bearing group includes two bearing seats 601 symmetrically and fixedly installed on the support frame 603 and a wheel carrier shaft 602 installed between the two bearing seats 601; a kidney-shaped hole is also formed on the support frame 603, and the bearing seat 601 is fixed in the kidney-shaped hole on the support frame 603 through a mounting bolt 604. The bearing seat 601 can move along the direction of the kidney-shaped hole, so as to adjust the distance between the two wheel carrier shafts 602, so that the two wheel carrier shafts are symmetrically arranged relative to the center of the drive wheel 41. A bearing 605 is embedded in the bearing seat 601, and the end of the wheel carrier shaft 602 is connected to the bearing 605. The two wheel carrier shafts 602 are enabled to rotate with self-lubrication, which is used to support the drive wheel. There is pure rolling between the wheel carrier shaft 602 and the tire of the drive wheel; and the frictional resistance between the tire and the wheel carrier shaft is reduced, and tire wear is reduced.

[0060] When the vertical reduction gearbox 4 to be tested is to be tested, the bearing bracket 6, the bearing seat mounting frame 7, the load mounting frame 8, and the column assembly 1 are installed at the corresponding preset positions on the test bench 5, and then the housing of the vertical reduction gearbox 4 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 303 on the mounting frame 3. Then the mounting frame 3 is installed on the transition bracket 106 on the column assembly 1, and then the test motor 2 is installed. The mounting angle of the mounting frame 3 is adjusted through the kidney-shaped hole 301 on the horizontal support plate 304, and then the position of the center of the test motor on the horizontal plane is adjusted; the vertical height of the test motor is adjusted by adjusting the height of the sliding bracket; so that the drive shaft of the test motor 2 passes through the positioning hole 302 and is coaxially connected to the input shaft of the vertical reduction gearbox 4, and at the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the output shaft of the vertical reduction gearbox 4 is coaxially arranged with the output shaft of the magnetic particle brake 9. The distance between the two wheel carrier shafts 602 on the bearing bracket 6 is adjusted so that they are symmetrically arranged relative to the center of the drive wheel, and the cylindrical surface of the wheel carrier shaft 602 is in contact with the tire of the drive wheel installed on the vertical reduction gearbox 4. After adjustment, the threaded cylinder on the rotary adjusting support member 102 is rotated, so that the support rod extends and the threaded cylinder exerts an upward extrusion force on the fixed rod, that is, the weighing sensor detects the pressure and displays or transmits it to the display.

[0061] When conducting the test, first turn on the test motor. The test motor 2 drives the vertical speed reducer 4 to achieve torque output. The output shaft of the vertical speed reducer 4 is connected to the magnetic powder brake 9 through a transmission shaft. The magnetic powder brake 9 applies a reverse driving torque for loading. The torque sensor installed on the transmission shaft detects the torque value in real time. When the required torque value of the design is reached, the test motor 2 stops while the magnetic powder brake 9 continues to load and locks the torque state. Then, by introducing hydraulic oil into the oil ports of the two hydraulic cylinders 107 on the column assembly 1, the hydraulic oil pushes the piston rod to move, driving the sliding bracket 104 and the test motor 2 thereon to apply pressure (i.e., wheel load) to the input shaft of the vertical speed reducer 4. The load cell will display the magnitude of the applied pressure. When the required value of the design is reached, the pressure value is locked. Therefore, this device simultaneously simulates the torque and wheel load borne by the vertical speed reducer on an electric storage vehicle during operation, so as to avoid the damage of the speed reducer during the later operation of the whole vehicle after passing the fatigue test.

[0062] Embodiment 2:

[0063] A fatigue test method for a vertical speed reducer, the steps of which include:

[0064] S1. Turn on the test motor and drive the vertical speed reducer to operate;

[0065] S2. Apply a reverse driving torque to the output shaft of the vertical speed reducer;

[0066] S3. Detect the torque magnitude of the output shaft of the vertical speed reducer. When it reaches the preset value, the test motor stops and locks the torque state;

[0067] S4. Apply pressure to the vertical speed reducer and detect the pressure value. When it reaches the preset value, lock the pressure value;

[0068] S5. According to the locked torque state and pressure value, loop through steps S1, S2, and S4 to simultaneously test the torque and wheel load of the vertical speed reducer to verify its performance.

[0069] Further solution: The input shaft of the vertical speed reducer is connected to the test motor, and the output shaft is connected to the magnetic powder brake through a transmission shaft; a driving wheel is also installed on the output shaft of the vertical speed reducer, and the driving wheel is mounted on two self-lubricating wheel load shafts;

[0070] Applying pressure to the vertical speed reducer is to use a loading member to drive the test motor to apply pressure to the vertical speed reducer; the loading member includes a hydraulic cylinder or a cylinder.

[0071] In the present invention, the magnitudes of torque and pressure are set separately first. The preset values of torque and pressure are set according to the detection standards for fatigue tests on vertical speed reducers in this field. Then, cyclic tests are carried out on the vertical speed reducer according to this to verify the performance of the vertical speed reducer.

[0072] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application are within the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A fatigue test device for a vertical speed reducer, comprising a torque detection workpiece for detecting the torque of the vertical speed reducer, the torque detection workpiece including a test motor (2) connected to the input shaft of the vertical speed reducer (4); characterized in that: It further includes a wheel load detection workpiece for detecting the wheel load of the vertical speed reducer. The wheel load detection workpiece includes a column assembly (1), and the column assembly (1) includes a loading member and a sliding bracket (104). The test motor (2) is fixedly installed on the sliding bracket (104), and the loading member drives the sliding bracket (104) to apply pressure to the vertical speed reducer (4) together with the test motor (2).

2. The fatigue test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The column assembly (1) includes symmetrically arranged upper cross beams (101) and mounting bases (105). A guiding column (103) is fixedly connected between the upper cross beam (101) and the mounting base (105). The sliding bracket (104) is movably connected to the guiding column (103) and moves up and down along the guiding column (103).

3. The fatigue test device according to claim 2, wherein: The loading member is a hydraulic cylinder (107). The base of the hydraulic cylinder (107) is mounted on the upper cross beam (101), and the piston rod is connected to the sliding bracket (104). There are at least two guiding columns (103) and loading members respectively.

4. The fatigue test device according to claim 2, wherein: An adjusting support member (102) is connected between the upper cross beam (101) and the sliding bracket (104). The adjusting support member (102) includes a support rod and a fixed rod oppositely arranged at both ends of a threaded barrel. A weighing sensor and a bearing are installed inside the threaded barrel. The movable end of the support rod is threadedly connected to the threaded barrel, and the end of the movable end of the fixed rod is connected to the threaded barrel through the bearing and extends into the interior to contact the weighing sensor.

5. The fatigue test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An over-bracket (106) located on the same horizontal plane is fixedly provided on the outer side of the sliding bracket (104). An installation bracket (3) is installed on the over-bracket (106). The test motor (2) and the vertical speed reducer (4) are respectively fixedly installed on the installation bracket (3). The drive shaft of the test motor (2) passes through the installation bracket (3) and is connected to the input shaft of the vertical speed reducer (4).

6. The fatigue test device according to claim 5, wherein: The installation bracket (3) includes a horizontal support plate (304). A positioning hole (302) for the drive shaft of the test motor (2) to pass through is opened in the middle of the horizontal support plate (304). A connecting plate (303) for installing the vertical speed reducer (4) is fixedly provided on the horizontal support plate (304) on the opposite side of the test motor (2). A kidney-shaped hole (301) connected to the over-bracket (106) is opened on the horizontal support plate (304) for fine-tuning the angle of the horizontal support plate (304), thereby adjusting the position of the center of the test motor (2) on the horizontal plane.

7. The fatigue test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The torque detection workpiece includes a bearing bracket (6) for supporting a driving wheel (41) connected to the output shaft of the vertical speed reducer (4). The bearing bracket (6) includes a support frame (603). Two support bearing groups for supporting the driving wheel (41) are symmetrically installed on the support frame (603). The output shaft of the vertical speed reducer (4) is connected to a magnetic particle brake (9) through a transmission shaft, and a torque sensor for detecting torque is installed on the transmission shaft.

8. The fatigue test device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The support bearing set includes two bearing seats (601) symmetrically and fixedly installed on a support frame (603) and a wheel load shaft (602) installed between the two bearing seats (601); a bearing (605) is embedded in the bearing seat (601), and the end of the wheel load shaft (602) is connected to the bearing (605). The transmission shaft is installed on the test bench (5) through a bearing seat mounting bracket (7); the magnetic powder brake (9) is installed on the test bench (5) through a load mounting bracket (8).

9. A fatigue test method for a vertical speed reducer, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Start the test motor to drive the vertical reduction gearbox to operate; S2. Apply a reverse driving torque to the output shaft of the vertical reduction gearbox; S3. Detect the torque magnitude of the output shaft of the vertical reduction gearbox. When it reaches the preset value, stop the test motor and lock the torque state; S4. Apply pressure to the vertical reduction gearbox and detect the pressure value. When it reaches the preset value, lock the pressure value; S5. According to the locked torque state and pressure value, loop through steps S1, S2, and S4 to simultaneously test the torque and wheel load of the vertical reduction gearbox to verify its performance.

10. The fatigue test method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The input shaft of the vertical reduction gearbox is connected to the test motor, and the output shaft is connected to the magnetic powder brake through a transmission shaft; a driving wheel is also installed on the output shaft of the vertical reduction gearbox, and the driving wheel is mounted on two self-lubricating wheel load shafts; Applying pressure to the vertical reduction gearbox is to use a loading member to drive the test motor to apply pressure to the vertical reduction gearbox; the loading member includes a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder.

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