Quantum sensor system and method for gas component detection

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of detection of insulating gas decomposition products in electrical equipment, and provides a quantum sensor system and method for gas component detection. The system comprises a quantum light source input module, a gas chamber action module, a light quantum state detection module and a gas component calculation module, and the quantum light source input module selects adaptive light frequency bands and frequency comb intervals according to the characteristics of detected gas; the gas chamber action module is connected to the quantum light source, and the quantum light source and the detected gas are promoted to fully interact by using the gas chamber; the light quantum state detection module records the state of light quantum emitted by the air chamber; and the gas component calculation module accurately calculates the concentration of each gas component in the detected gas according to the detected light quantum state. According to the method, the light quantum state is detected, the weak signals related to gas components are better extracted, compared with the traditional technology, the detection precision and sensitivity are improved, and reliable technical support is provided for fault diagnosis of electrical equipment in an electric power system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of detection of decomposition products of internal insulating gas in electrical equipment in a power system, and particularly relates to a quantum sensor system and method for gas component detection. Background Art

[0002] In an information power system, electrical equipment is a core device, and its safe and stable operation directly relates to the reliability of power supply and directly affects industrial production and people's daily lives. During long-term operation of electrical equipment, especially when a fault or anomaly occurs, partial discharge, overheating, or other electrical faults will occur, resulting in changes in the gas components in the equipment. The components of these decomposition products are of great significance for analyzing the insulation state and fault prediction of electrical equipment. By detecting the components of these gases, the health state of power equipment can be effectively judged, faults can be predicted, and maintenance can be carried out in advance. Therefore, high-precision and high-sensitivity gas sensors are crucial for preventive maintenance and fault diagnosis of electrical equipment and for the stable operation of the power system.

[0003] According to GB / T 8905 "Code for Gas Management and Detection in SF6 Electrical Equipment", the main means for on-site analysis of SF6 gas decomposition products are gas chromatographs, gas detection tubes, and electrochemical sensor detection instruments. However, these methods have significant limitations in practical applications. Gas chromatography has difficulties in detecting or differentiating some products such as SOF2, and is also easily affected by the environment, making it unsuitable for on-site online monitoring. Although gas detection tubes are simple to operate and have low costs, this method only targets main products such as H2S, SO2, and HF, and it is difficult to detect other products, with a narrow application range. Although the electrochemical sensor method has a fast response speed, its long-term stability is poor and it is easily chemically contaminated. These limitations make traditional gas detection sensors difficult to meet the requirements of new power systems for high-precision, high-sensitivity, and high-dynamic range detection.

[0004] In recent years, gas quantum sensor technology has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of gas sensors due to its unique physical properties and technical advantages. By introducing the idea of quantum detection into the field of gas component detection in electrical equipment, on the one hand, an optical frequency comb with high spectral width and high spectral line frequency measurement accuracy is used to achieve coverage of absorption spectra of multiple types of gases; on the other hand, physical phenomena unique to quantum systems such as superposition states and entangled states are used to improve measurement accuracy and achieve precise measurement of trace gases. Currently, how to design and construct a complete sensor system based on quantum measurement methods, give full play to the advantages of gas component quantum sensors, and achieve high-precision and high-sensitivity detection of gas components has become an important issue. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a quantum sensor system and method for gas component detection to solve the above problems existing in the existing insulation gas decomposition product detection technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, a quantum sensor system for gas component detection according to the present invention includes:

[0008] A quantum light source input module configured to select an optical frequency band and a frequency comb interval according to the gas to be measured and provide a quantum light source input according to the selected optical frequency band and frequency comb interval;

[0009] An air chamber function module configured to receive the quantum light source input and make the quantum light source interact with the gas to be measured through the air chamber;

[0010] An optical quantum state detection module configured to record the optical quantum state emitted from the air chamber after the interaction;

[0011] A gas component calculation module configured to calculate the concentration of each gas component in the gas to be measured according to the optical quantum state.

[0012] Further, in the quantum light source input module, selecting the optical frequency band and the frequency comb interval according to the gas to be measured includes:

[0013] Determining the absorption spectral line characteristics of each gas in the gas to be measured;

[0014] Determining the first characteristic band and the second characteristic band of each gas based on the absorption spectral line characteristics; the first characteristic band is the band where the absorption peak intensity is greater than the set threshold; the second characteristic band is the band where the light intensity at the absorption spectral line of each gas changes with the concentration at different concentrations;

[0015] Selecting an optical frequency band from the band range that can cover the first characteristic band and the second characteristic band, and selecting the frequency comb interval according to the size of the second characteristic band.

[0016] Further, in the air chamber function module, the air chamber is a Herriott air chamber, and the technical indicators of the Herriott air chamber at least meet the following requirements:

[0017] The effective optical path is not less than 50 m, the air chamber volume is 1 standard atmospheric pressure, the gas interface is externally inserted, the light inlet is a fiber optic, the light outlet is spatial light, and the mirror coating is an oxide-coated metal.

[0018] Further, in the air chamber function module, in the process of making the quantum light source interact with the gas to be measured through the air chamber, the front and rear selectors meet the following conditions:

[0019]

[0020] In the formula, represents the amplification factor of the quantum sensor system; represents an operator with eigenvalues of 1 or -1; and respectively represent the preselected state and the postselected state of the system; represents the state vector used to describe a certain state of the optical quantum, is the conjugate state of

[0021] Furthermore, in the optical quantum state detection module, the detected optical quantum state satisfies the following conditions:

[0022]

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, represents the probability related to the variable x and the parameter g to be measured, represents the initial probability distribution of the variable x, represents the postselection probability, g is the parameter to be measured, represents a function of the variable x and the parameter g to be measured.

[0025] Furthermore, in the gas component calculation module, the concentrations of each gas component are determined according to the following formula:

[0026]

[0027] In the formula, represents the light absorption degree of the gas, L represents the path length of the light passing through the gas, K represents the molar extinction coefficient, and C represents the concentration of the gas.

[0028] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for detecting gas components, including:

[0029] Selecting the optical frequency band and the frequency comb interval according to the gas to be measured, and determining the quantum light source input according to the selected optical frequency band and the frequency comb interval;

[0030] Based on the quantum light source input, using a gas chamber to make the quantum light source interact with the gas to be measured;

[0031] Recording the optical quantum state emitted from the gas chamber after the interaction;

[0032] Calculating the concentrations of each gas component in the gas to be measured according to the optical quantum state.

[0033] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer device, which includes a processor and a memory:

[0034] The memory is used to store a computer program and send the instructions of the computer program to the processor;

[0035] The processor executes a method for gas component detection as described in the second aspect according to the instructions of the computer program.

[0036] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements a method for gas component detection as described in the second aspect.

[0037] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a computer program product, including a computer program, characterized in that when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements a method for gas component detection as described in the second aspect.

[0038] In summary, the present invention provides a quantum sensor system and method for gas component detection. The system includes a quantum light source input module, a gas chamber action module, a light quantum state detection module, and a gas component calculation module. The quantum light source input module selects an appropriate optical frequency band and frequency comb interval according to the characteristics of the gas to be measured; the gas chamber action module accesses the quantum light source and uses the gas chamber to promote the full interaction between the quantum light source and the gas to be measured; the light quantum state detection module records the light quantum state emitted from the gas chamber; the gas component calculation module accurately calculates the concentrations of each gas component in the gas to be measured based on the detected light quantum state. By detecting the light quantum state, the present invention better extracts the weak signals related to gas components, greatly improving the detection accuracy and sensitivity compared with the traditional technology, and providing reliable technical support for the fault diagnosis of electrical equipment in the power system. Description of the Drawings

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 It is a block diagram of a quantum sensor system for gas component detection provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of gas component measurement provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 It is a flowchart of a method for gas component detection provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 The block diagram of a computer device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0044] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0045] First, the technical terms related to the present invention will be introduced below.

[0046] (1) Optical frequency comb: A light source technology with important applications in the field of modern optics. Based on the mode-locking laser principle, it can generate a series of optical frequency comb spectra with precisely equal frequency intervals, just like the teeth of a comb evenly distributed in the frequency domain. This unique spectral characteristic enables it to exhibit great advantages in many fields such as high-precision optical measurement, optical communication, and atomic clock calibration. By precisely controlling the optical parameters in the laser cavity, the optical frequency comb realizes the output of a periodic ultrashort pulse sequence in the time domain, and then forms a stable and precise frequency comb structure in the frequency domain, providing a very precise frequency selection tool for the study of the interaction between light and matter.

[0047] (2) Quantum light source: A device that can generate an optical field with quantum characteristics. The light emitted by it exhibits unique quantum characteristics in terms of the number of photons, phase, polarization, etc., such as single-photon states, entangled states, etc. Different from the classical optical field emitted by traditional light sources, the optical field generated by a quantum light source follows the laws of quantum mechanics. These unique quantum characteristics make quantum light sources play an indispensable role in frontier fields such as quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum precision measurement, and become one of the key elements driving the development of quantum technology.

[0048] (3) Gas cell (for light-gas interaction): In the research of the interaction between light and gas and related detection applications, a gas cell is a key device. It provides a specific spatial environment for the interaction between light and gas. By reasonably designing the structure, size, material, and layout of internal optical elements of the gas cell, the propagation path, optical path, and interaction time between light and gas in the gas cell can be regulated, so as to optimize the interaction effect between light and gas. Gas cells are commonly used in fields such as spectral analysis and gas detection. Different application scenarios have different requirements for the characteristics of gas cells. For example, high-sensitivity gas detection may require a gas cell with a long optical path and good optical performance.

[0049] (4) Quantum detector: A device used to detect optical signals with quantum properties, capable of precisely detecting and counting single photons or a small number of photons. Different from traditional optical detectors, quantum detectors utilize quantum effects to achieve the detection of weak optical signals, featuring extremely high sensitivity and time resolution. Common quantum detectors include single-photon detectors based on avalanche photodiodes (APDs), superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, etc. They play a crucial role in fields such as quantum communication, quantum imaging, and quantum optical experiments, and are important tools for obtaining quantum optical information.

[0050] (5) Time-resolved single-photon counter: An instrument used to precisely measure the arrival time of single photons. It can record the exact moment when a single photon arrives at the detector. By statistically analyzing the arrival times of a large number of single photons, the time characteristics of the optical signal, such as pulse shape and photon arrival time distribution, can be obtained. This counter has extremely high time resolution and can distinguish photon arrival events within extremely short time intervals. It is commonly used in fields such as fluorescence lifetime measurement, optical coherence tomography, and time-correlated measurements in quantum optical experiments, providing a powerful means for studying the dynamic processes of the interaction between light and matter.

[0051] (6) Lambert-Beer's law: Lambert-Beer's law is a fundamental law that describes the absorption law of light in a medium and has wide applications in the fields of spectral analysis and substance concentration measurement. This law states that when light propagates in a homogeneous medium, its absorbance is proportional to the concentration of the medium and the optical path length.

[0052] (7) Pre- and post-selection operator: In quantum mechanics experiments and theoretical research, the pre- and post-selection operator is a concept used to describe specific selection operations on the state of a quantum system. Pre-selection is to select and prepare the initial quantum state of the quantum system before the start of its evolution, setting the initial conditions of the system so that the system starts to evolve in a specific quantum state. Post-selection is to screen and measure the final quantum state of the quantum system after a period of evolution. By carefully designing the conditions of the pre- and post-selection operator, the evolution behavior of the quantum system between specific initial and final states can be studied, and some peculiar phenomena and laws in quantum mechanics can be explored. It has important theoretical and practical significance in fields such as quantum information processing and quantum measurement theory.

[0053] Please refer to Figure 1 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a quantum sensor system for gas component detection, including:

[0054] A quantum light source input module, configured to select an optical frequency band and a frequency comb interval according to the gas to be measured, and provide a quantum light source input according to the selected optical frequency band and frequency comb interval.

[0055] It should be noted that for the quantum light source input module, different gases have different light absorption characteristics, and a specific gas only absorbs light in a specific frequency band. The optical frequency comb has the characteristics of high spectral width and high spectral line frequency measurement accuracy. By selecting an appropriate optical frequency band and frequency comb interval according to the gas to be measured, the light output by the quantum light source can contain frequency components that can be absorbed by the gas to be measured, thus providing a basis for subsequent detection of the interaction between the gas and light.

[0056] The quantum light source input module accurately selects an appropriate optical frequency band and frequency comb interval according to the type and characteristics of the specific gas to be measured, and provides the corresponding quantum light source input to ensure that the interaction between light and gas in the subsequent gas chamber can occur effectively, providing a suitable optical signal for detecting gas components.

[0057] The gas chamber function module is configured to receive the quantum light source input and make the quantum light source interact with the gas to be measured through the gas chamber.

[0058] It should be noted that for the gas chamber function module, the gas chamber is the place where light and gas interact. After the light input by the quantum light source enters the gas chamber, it comes into full contact with the gas molecules to be measured in the gas chamber. The gas molecules will absorb light quanta of specific frequencies, causing changes in the characteristics of light such as intensity and frequency. These changes are related to the composition and concentration of the gas.

[0059] The gas chamber function module receives the light provided by the quantum light source input module, allows the light to fully interact with the gas to be measured in the gas chamber, so that the light carries information related to the gas components, providing basic data for subsequent detection of the quantum state of light.

[0060] The quantum state detection module of light is configured to record the quantum state of light emitted from the gas chamber after the interaction.

[0061] It should be noted that for the quantum state detection module of light, after the interaction between light and gas in the gas chamber, the state of the light quantum (such as intensity, frequency, phase, etc.) will change. By using high-precision detection equipment and technologies, these changes in the quantum state of light are recorded, so as to obtain light information related to the gas components.

[0062] This module can accurately record the quantum state of light emitted after the interaction in the gas chamber, convert the information related to the gas components carried by the light into measurable and analyzable data, and provide data support for subsequent calculation of gas components.

[0063] The gas component calculation module is configured to calculate the concentration of each gas component in the gas to be measured according to the quantum state of light.

[0064] It should be noted that for the gas component calculation module, a mathematical model is established based on the physical relationship between the optical quantum state and gas components (such as Beer-Lambert law, etc.). By analyzing and calculating the data obtained from the optical quantum state detection module, the concentration of each gas component in the measured gas is inversely deduced using the mathematical model.

[0065] This embodiment provides a quantum sensor system for gas component detection. First, the quantum light source input module selects a suitable optical frequency band and frequency comb interval according to the characteristics of the measured gas, and provides a quantum light source input to the gas chamber interaction module. The light in the gas chamber interacts with the measured gas, causing the optical quantum state to change, and these changed optical quantum states are recorded by the optical quantum state detection module. Finally, the gas component calculation module calculates the concentration of each gas component in the measured gas based on the data recorded by the optical quantum state detection module, using relevant physical relationships and mathematical models, so as to achieve high-precision and high-sensitivity detection of gas components.

[0066] This embodiment introduces the idea of quantum detection into the field of gas component detection of electrical equipment, and uses unique physical phenomena such as superposition states and entanglement states in the quantum system to improve the measurement accuracy, breaking through the limitations of traditional gas detection methods and enabling precise measurement of trace gases. At the same time, using an optical frequency comb with high spectral width and high spectral line frequency measurement accuracy can achieve coverage of absorption spectra of multiple types of gases, and can detect more types of gas components compared with traditional detection methods, improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of detection. The quantum sensor system provided by this embodiment realizes high-precision and high-sensitivity detection of gas components, meets the requirements of new power systems for high-precision, high-sensitivity and high-dynamic range detection, and fills the deficiencies of traditional gas detection sensors.

[0067] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 , which shows the gas component measurement principle. Among them, the optical quantum frequency comb generates a specific optical signal, which enters the gas chamber after changing the optical path through a mirror. The light in the gas chamber interacts with the measured gas, and the gas absorbs light of a specific frequency, causing the optical characteristics to change. Subsequently, the quantum detector records the changed optical quantum state. Finally, the calculation and analysis module calculates the gas component concentration based on the detector data, with the help of physical relationships and mathematical models, to achieve the detection of gas components. Based on this gas component measurement principle, some other embodiments of the present invention are introduced below.

[0068] In an embodiment of the present invention, in the quantum light source input module, the optical frequency band and frequency comb interval are selected according to the measured gas, including:

[0069] 1) Determine the absorption spectral line characteristics of each gas in the measured gas.

[0070] Each gas has unique absorption spectral lines, which reflect the absorption ability of gas molecules to light of different frequencies. Determining the characteristics of the absorption spectral lines can further determine information such as the position, intensity, and overall distribution of the absorption peaks.

[0071] In the scenario of detecting the decomposition components of SF6 gas in electrical equipment involved in this embodiment, the main gases to be detected are CO and H2S. Obtaining the characteristics of their absorption spectral lines can be assisted by a professional spectral database, such as the HITRAN database. This database contains high-precision absorption spectral line data of a large number of gases under different conditions. By querying this database, information can be obtained that the absorption peaks of CO gas are mostly distributed in the near-infrared and mid-infrared bands, and the specific positions and intensities of each absorption peak and other detailed characteristics can be clarified. For example, it can be accurately known how the intensity of the absorption peak of CO in certain specific bands changes under different environmental conditions, which is crucial for subsequent determining the characteristic bands and selecting optical frequency parameters in combination with the actual detection environment. At the same time, for H2S gas, unique information about its absorption spectral lines can also be obtained from the database, providing comprehensive and accurate data support for the subsequent steps.

[0072] 2) Determine the first characteristic band and the second characteristic band of each gas based on the characteristics of the absorption spectral lines; the first characteristic band is the band that satisfies the condition that the absorption peak intensity is greater than the set threshold; the second characteristic band is the band where the light intensity at the absorption spectral lines of each gas changes with concentration under different concentrations.

[0073] The definition of the first characteristic band is the band that satisfies the conditions of having a relatively high absorption peak intensity and being easy to detect. Selecting such a band is of great significance. A relatively high absorption peak intensity means that within this band range, the probability of interaction between light and gas molecules is higher and the degree of interaction is stronger, resulting in more significant optical signal changes. And the characteristic of being easy to detect ensures that during the actual detection process, the detection equipment can stably and reliably capture such signal changes. The combination of these two conditions makes the first characteristic band the key identification band for detecting the presence or absence of the target gas, providing the core reference basis for the subsequent selection of the optical frequency band.

[0074] Taking CO gas as an example, through detailed analysis of its absorption spectrum lines, it is found that the absorption peak intensity at 1568 nm is relatively high, and from the perspective of actual detection, the optical signals in this wavelength band are easily detectable under the existing detection equipment and technical conditions. Therefore, the wavelength band at 1568 nm is selected as the first characteristic wavelength band of CO gas. The determination of this wavelength band is not arbitrary, but is comprehensively considered based on the absorption characteristics of the gas itself and the feasibility and accuracy of actual detection. In an actual detection system, based on this first characteristic wavelength band, selecting a matching optical frequency band can enable photons to strongly interact with CO gas molecules, generating signal changes that are easily detectable, greatly improving the sensitivity and accuracy of detecting CO gas.

[0075] The second characteristic wavelength band is defined as the wavelength band where the light intensity at the absorption spectrum lines of each gas changes with concentration at different concentrations. This wavelength band plays a decisive role in achieving accurate detection of gas concentration. In gas detection, determining the gas concentration is one of the important objectives, and the second characteristic wavelength band establishes an internal connection between the light intensity and the gas concentration. By precisely monitoring the change in light intensity with gas concentration within this wavelength band and combining relevant physical laws and mathematical models, the concentration value of the gas can be accurately calculated.

[0076] Taking CO gas as an example, that is, the light intensity of CO gas at different concentrations changes significantly at 1565.27 - 1567.56 nm and 1568.95 - 1571.43 nm. This indicates that within these wavelength band ranges, changes in the CO gas concentration will cause measurable changes in the light intensity. In actual detection, using this characteristic, by precisely measuring the change in light intensity within these wavelength bands and then based on relevant principles such as Lambert-Beer's law, the concentration of CO gas can be accurately calculated. For different gases, the position and range of their second characteristic wavelength bands will vary due to differences in gas molecular structures and absorption characteristics. Accurately determining the second characteristic wavelength band is a key step in achieving accurate concentration detection.

[0077] 3) Select an optical frequency band from the wavelength band range that can cover the first characteristic wavelength band and the second characteristic wavelength band, and select the frequency comb interval according to the size of the second characteristic wavelength band.

[0078] Selecting the optical frequency band from the band range that can cover the first characteristic band and the second characteristic band is to ensure that the optical quantum frequency comb can have a comprehensive and effective interaction with the target gas. The first characteristic band is mainly used to identify the presence of the target gas with high sensitivity, while the second characteristic band focuses on providing key information for gas concentration detection. Only when the selected optical frequency band covers both of these two characteristic bands can it accurately determine the presence of the target gas and further precisely measure its concentration in one detection process. This requires that the selected optical frequency band not only includes the frequency ranges of the first and second characteristic bands but also needs to consider compatibility with other optical components and detectors in the detection system to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of the entire detection process.

[0079] For CO gas, the first characteristic band is around 1568 nm, and the second characteristic band is in the range of 1565 - 1572 nm. To meet the detection requirements, the selected optical frequency band needs to cover this range. The spectral width of the optical quantum frequency comb used in the solution is 1000 nm - 2000 nm, and this spectral width can cover the characteristic absorption bands of CO and other gases such as and so on. This choice of wide spectral width ensures that when detecting multiple target gases, the optical quantum frequency comb can interact with the characteristic bands of different gases, thus enabling the simultaneous detection of multiple gases. At the same time, the relatively wide spectral width also provides a certain margin for frequency fine-tuning during the detection process to adapt to the subtle adjustment requirements of the optical frequency under different detection environments and conditions, further improving the accuracy and stability of the detection.

[0080] The second characteristic band reflects the region where the light intensity changes with the gas concentration, and its size determines the choice of the frequency comb interval. If the second characteristic band is relatively narrow, it means that the frequency range of the light intensity change with concentration is relatively concentrated, and a finer frequency resolution is required to accurately capture the details of the light intensity change with concentration. In this case, a smaller frequency comb interval should be selected so that the frequency comb can accurately "scan" the change information of the light intensity within this band. On the contrary, if the second characteristic band is relatively wide, the frequency range of the light intensity change with concentration is relatively broad, and a relatively larger frequency comb interval can be appropriately selected to ensure that while covering the entire change range, unnecessary detection complexity and data processing volume will not be increased due to too small a frequency interval.

[0081] Taking CO gas as an example, its second characteristic band, such as the range of 1565.27 - 1567.56 nm, is relatively narrow. To accurately detect the change of the light intensity with concentration within this band, a frequency interval of 0.01 cm can be selected -1Such a small frequency comb interval enables the optical quantum frequency comb to accurately resolve the variation of light intensity with concentration within the narrow second characteristic wavelength band, thereby providing high-precision data support for accurately calculating the CO gas concentration. If the frequency comb interval is chosen too large, some detailed information about the light intensity variation may be missed, leading to a large error in the concentration calculation. For different gases, since the sizes of their second characteristic wavelength bands are different, the frequency comb interval needs to be flexibly adjusted according to the actual situation to achieve accurate detection of the concentrations of various gases.

[0082] By adopting the above-mentioned technologies provided in this embodiment, when detecting CO and H2S generated by the decomposition of SF6 gas in electrical equipment, it is possible to achieve highly sensitive and accurate detection of the simultaneous presence of these two gases. When selecting the optical frequency band and frequency comb interval of H2S gas, the above steps are also followed. First, the absorption spectral line characteristics of H2S gas are obtained by querying the HITRAN database to determine its first and second characteristic wavelength bands. Then, a suitable optical frequency band is selected from the wavelength range that can cover these two characteristic wavelength bands, and the frequency comb interval is finely adjusted according to the size of the second characteristic wavelength band. In this way, when the optical quantum frequency comb interacts with H2S gas, it can generate easily detectable optical signal variations and can accurately reflect the variation information of the gas concentration, thereby achieving accurate detection of H2S gas. By simultaneously detecting CO and H2S gases, the quantum sensor system provided in this embodiment can comprehensively evaluate the decomposition state of SF6 gas and provide strong support for the fault diagnosis of electrical equipment.

[0083] To ensure that the gas fully interacts with the light beam in the absorption cell, the present invention forms 100 reflections of the laser beam in the absorption cell through a mirror, ensuring that the effective optical path reaches 50 meters and achieving efficient absorption of photons in the gas sample. Specifically, in one embodiment, for the gas cell function module, the gas cell is a Herriott cell. Its specific parameters are as follows:

[0084] Gas cell size: 0.54m × 0.20m × 0.20m (length × width × height);

[0085] Effective optical path: 50m;

[0086] Gas cell volume: 3.06L (at one standard atmosphere);

[0087] Operating pressure: 10Pa - 102kPa;

[0088] Gas interface: Quick connector with an outer diameter of φ6mm;

[0089] Light input port: Optical fiber (interface FC / APC);

[0090] Light output port: Spatial light (spot size 3mm);

[0091] Mirror coating: Oxide layer coated metal (reflectivity up to 98%);

[0092] Main frame material: Special aluminum alloy, stainless steel.

[0093] By adopting the above technologies provided in this embodiment, the interaction between the gas and the laser beam can be significantly enhanced, and the accuracy and sensitivity of gas component detection can be improved. In addition, the design of the Herriott cell also ensures the stable transmission of the beam in the cell, avoiding problems such as beam deviation or loss, and further improving the stability and reliability of the system. In specific applications, this cell can be applied to the detection of various gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide, etc., and has broad application prospects.

[0094] In one embodiment, for the optical quantum state detection module, a quantum detector is used to detect optical quanta, and its technical indicators are as follows:

[0095] Sensitivity: The detector should have the ability to detect single photons, and the sensitivity should reach 10-18W / Hz1 / 2;

[0096] Response band: 1000nm - 2000nm;

[0097] Optical resolution: 0.35nm;

[0098] Dynamic range: 72dB (16-bit ADC, integration time programmable from 1ms to 10s);

[0099] Time resolution of time-resolved single photon counter: 10ps;

[0100] Counting efficiency of time-resolved single photon counter: 50%;

[0101] Data interface: USB3.0 SuperSpeed (5Gbps), compatible with direct drive of LabVIEW.

[0102] By adopting the above technologies provided in this embodiment, accurate detection of the optical quantum state can be achieved, further improving the accuracy and sensitivity of gas component detection. Specifically, a highly sensitive quantum detector can capture weak optical signals, ensuring effective detection even in a low-concentration gas environment. At the same time, the wide response band enables the system to be applicable to laser sources of different wavelengths, increasing the flexibility and adaptability of the system. The high optical resolution helps to accurately distinguish the absorption spectral lines of different gases, improving the accuracy of component identification. In addition, the wide dynamic range and the high precision and counting efficiency of the time-resolved single-photon counter enable the system to maintain stable detection performance in a complex and changing gas environment. The high-speed transmission and compatibility of the data interface facilitate real-time data acquisition and processing, enhancing the overall efficiency of the system.

[0103] In one embodiment, in the gas chamber function module, when the quantum light source interacts with the gas to be measured through the gas chamber, the pre- and post-selection operators satisfy the following conditions:

[0104]

[0105] In the formula, represents the amplification factor of the quantum sensor system; represents an operator with eigenvalues of 1 or -1; and respectively represent the pre-selection state and the post-selection state of the system; represents the state vector used to describe a certain state of the optical quantum, is the conjugate state of, represents the quantum state and the inner product of the two state vectors.

[0106] After the optical pulse signal emitted by the optical frequency comb passes through the pre-selection of the system, it undergoes a weak interaction with the gas in the gas absorption cell. The intensity of the weak interaction is represented by the gas absorption rate. Then, post-selection processing is performed on the system. During the post-selection processing, according to the amplification factor of the system and the characteristics of the pre- and post-selection states and , the change in the optical quantum state can be accurately measured, thereby inferring the component information of the gas to be measured. This method of gas component detection based on the change in the quantum state not only improves the accuracy of detection but also significantly enhances the sensitivity of the system, enabling it to perform well even in a low-concentration gas environment. In addition, by optimizing the conditions of the pre- and post-selection states, the response band of the system can be further broadened, enabling it to be applicable to more types of laser sources, thereby enhancing the versatility and flexibility of the system.

[0107] In one embodiment, in the optical quantum state detection module, the detected optical quantum state satisfies the following conditions:

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] where represents the probability related to the variable x and the parameter g to be measured, represents the initial probability distribution of the variable x, represents the post-selection probability, g is the parameter to be measured, is a function dependent on x and g.

[0111] After the system undergoes post-selection processing and is then measured, a set of measurement data can be obtained, and these data follow a certain probability distribution. By performing statistical analysis on this set of measurement data, information related to the parameter g to be measured can be extracted. Specifically, the probability The change in reflects the difference in the optical quantum state before and after passing through the system, and this difference is directly related to the gas absorption rate. Therefore, by comparing the measurement data at different gas absorption rates, the concentration of each component in the measured gas can be accurately determined. This method not only improves the accuracy of detection but also makes the entire detection process more efficient and reliable. In addition, since the change in the optical quantum state is extremely sensitive to weak signals, the system also performs excellently in the detection of low-concentration gases and has broad application prospects.

[0112] In one embodiment of the present invention, in the gas component calculation module, the concentration of each gas component is determined according to the following formula:

[0113]

[0114] where represents the light absorption degree of the gas, L represents the path length of the light passing through the gas, K represents the molar absorption coefficient, and C represents the concentration of the gas.

[0115] The gas absorption rate is estimated based on the probability distribution of the measurement data to obtain an estimated value of the gas absorption rate, and the gas concentration is calculated by the Lambert-Beer Law, and the specific expression is as shown above.

[0116] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0117] 1. High-precision and high-sensitivity performance advantages: Through quantum sensing-related technologies, the present invention achieves ultra-high-precision detection of gas component concentrations. By detecting the optical quantum state, weak signals related to gas components are better extracted, greatly improving the detection accuracy and sensitivity compared to traditional technologies, providing reliable technical support for fault diagnosis of electrical equipment in power systems.

[0118] 2. Multi-scenario applicability: Based on the principles of quantum sensing technology, the present invention is not only applicable to the detection of decomposition product components of insulating gases in electrical equipment in power systems. With its high detection accuracy, it can also be applied to the detection of trace gases and pollutants in environmental monitoring, the detection of disease markers in medical diagnosis, the early warning of relevant hazardous gases in industrial safety, and many other scenarios, with a wide range of application scenarios.

[0119] Please refer to Figure 3 , the embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for gas component detection, including:

[0120] S1: Select the optical frequency band and frequency comb interval according to the gas to be measured, and determine the quantum light source input according to the selected optical frequency band and frequency comb interval;

[0121] S2: Based on the quantum light source input, use the gas chamber to make the quantum light source interact with the gas to be measured;

[0122] S3: Record the optical quantum state emitted from the gas chamber after the interaction;

[0123] S4: Calculate the concentrations of each gas component in the gas to be measured according to the optical quantum state.

[0124] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, only the above-mentioned division of each functional unit and module is used as an example. In actual applications, the above functions can be allocated to different functional units and modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the system is divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. Each functional unit and module in the embodiment can be integrated into a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The above integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units. In addition, the specific names of each functional unit and module are only for the convenience of mutual distinction and do not limit the protection scope of the present application. The specific working processes of the units and modules in the above system can refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments and will not be elaborated here.

[0125] Refer to Figure 4, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory. When the computer program is executed on the processor, it implements the method for gas component detection as described in any one of the above methods.

[0126] The computer device may be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook, a palm computer, and a cloud server. The computer device may include, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory. Those skilled in the art can understand that Figure 4 merely examples of the computer device, which do not constitute a limitation on the computer device, may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine some components, or different components. For example, it may also include input / output devices, network access devices, etc.

[0127] The so-called processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), and the processor may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc.

[0128] The memory may be an internal storage unit of the computer device in some embodiments, such as the hard disk or memory of the computer device. The memory may also be an external storage device of the computer device in other embodiments, such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart media card (SMC), a secure digital (SD) card, a flash card, etc. equipped on the computer device. Further, the memory may also include both the internal storage unit and the external storage device of the computer device. The memory is used to store an operating system, application programs, a boot loader (BootLoader), data, and other programs, such as the program code of the computer program. The memory may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0129] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is run by a processor, it implements the method for gas component detection as described in any one of the above methods.

[0130] In this embodiment, if the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, to implement all or part of the processes in the above embodiment methods of the present application, a computer program can be used to instruct relevant hardware to complete. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above various method embodiments can be implemented. Among them, the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be in the form of source code, object code, executable file or some intermediate form, etc. The computer-readable medium can at least include: any entity or device that can carry the computer program code to the photographing device / terminal device, recording medium, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), electrical carrier signal, telecommunication signal, and software distribution medium. For example, a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk, or an optical disc, etc. In some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, the computer-readable medium cannot be an electrical carrier signal and a telecommunication signal.

[0131] An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which when executed by a processor, implements the method for gas component detection as described in any one of the above methods.

[0132] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the various embodiments have their own focuses. For the parts not detailed or recorded in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0133] Those of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or by a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed in a hardware or software manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of the present application.

[0134] In the embodiments disclosed in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus / terminal device and method can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus / terminal device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the modules or units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed coupling or direct coupling or communication connection to each other can be through some interfaces. The indirect coupling or communication connection of the apparatus or unit can be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0135] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quantum sensor system for gas component detection, characterized in that, Comprising: A quantum light source input module configured to select an optical frequency band and a frequency comb interval according to the gas to be measured, and provide a quantum light source input according to the selected optical frequency band and frequency comb interval; A gas chamber function module configured to receive the quantum light source input and cause the quantum light source to interact with the gas to be measured through the gas chamber; An optical quantum state detection module configured to record the optical quantum state exiting the gas chamber after the interaction; A gas component calculation module configured to calculate the concentrations of the respective gas components in the gas to be measured according to the optical quantum state; 2. The quantum sensor system for gas component detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the quantum light source input module, selecting the optical frequency band and the frequency comb interval according to the gas to be measured includes: Determining the absorption spectral line characteristics of the respective gases in the gas to be measured; Determining a first characteristic band and a second characteristic band for each gas based on the absorption spectral line characteristics; the first characteristic band is a band where the absorption peak intensity is greater than a set threshold; the second characteristic band is a band where the light intensity at the absorption spectral lines of each gas varies with concentration at different concentrations; Selecting the optical frequency band from the band range that can cover the first characteristic band and the second characteristic band, and selecting the frequency comb interval according to the size of the second characteristic band; 3. The quantum sensor system for gas component detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the gas chamber function module, the gas chamber is a Herriott type gas chamber, and the technical indicators of the Herriott type gas chamber at least meet the following requirements: The effective optical path is not less than 50 m, the gas chamber volume is 1 standard atmospheric pressure, the gas interface is externally inserted, the light inlet is an optical fiber, the light outlet is spatial light, and the mirror coating is an oxide-coated metal; 4. The quantum sensor system for gas component detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the gas chamber function module, in the process of causing the quantum light source to interact with the gas to be measured through the gas chamber, the front and rear selection sub-conditions are as follows: wherein, represents the amplification factor of the quantum sensor system; represents an operator with eigenvalues of 1 or -1; and respectively represent the preselected state and the postselected state of the system; represents the state vector used to describe a certain state of the optical quantum, is the conjugate state of 5. The quantum sensor system for gas component detection according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the optical quantum state detection module, the detected optical quantum state meets the following conditions: In the formula, represents the probability related to the variable x and the parameter g to be measured, represents the initial probability distribution of the variable x, represents the post-selection probability, where g is the parameter to be measured, represents a function with respect to the variable x and the parameter g to be measured.

6. The quantum sensor system for gas component detection according to claim 4, wherein In the gas component calculation module, the concentrations of the respective gas components are determined according to the following formula: In the formula, represents the light absorption degree of the gas, L represents the path length of the light passing through the gas, K represents the molar absorption coefficient, and C represents the concentration of the gas.

7. A method for gas component detection, characterized in that, Comprising: Selecting an optical frequency band and a frequency comb interval according to the gas to be measured, and determining a quantum light source input according to the selected optical frequency band and the frequency comb interval; Based on the quantum light source input, using the gas chamber to cause the quantum light source to interact with the gas to be measured; Recording the optical quantum state exiting the gas chamber after the interaction; Calculating the concentrations of the respective gas components in the gas to be measured according to the optical quantum state; 8. A computer device, characterized in that, The device includes a processor and a memory: The memory is used to store a computer program and send the instructions of the computer program to the processor; The processor executes a method for gas component detection according to claim 7 according to the instructions of the computer program; 9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, A computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a method for gas component detection according to claim 7; 10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a method for gas component detection according to claim 7.

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