A regional refined numerical prediction method for air-sea-wave coupling based on a non-hydrostatic model

Abstract

The present invention discloses a regional refined ocean-air-wave coupled numerical prediction method based on a non-hydrostatic model, the purpose of which is to improve forecast accuracy. A regional refined ocean-air-wave coupled numerical prediction system is first constructed, consisting of data collection, preprocessing, data assimilation, coupled model calculation, and post-processing subsystems. The data collection subsystem acquires atmospheric, ocean, and wave-related data; the preprocessing subsystem generates atmospheric, ocean, and wave model grid files, interpolates the atmospheric, ocean, and wave forecast fields, and obtains preprocessed data, namely, the atmospheric initial field, atmospheric boundary field, atmospheric forced field, ocean initial field, ocean boundary field, and wave boundary field. The data assimilation subsystem assimilates the preprocessed data to obtain assimilated data; the coupled model calculation subsystem integrates the assimilated data to obtain forecast fields for the atmosphere, ocean, and waves. The post-processing subsystem generates forecast products based on the forecast fields. The present invention reduces forecast error and improves forecast accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of meteorological and ocean numerical forecasting, and in particular to a regional refined ocean-air-wave coupling numerical forecasting method. Background Art

[0002] The interaction between the atmosphere and ocean plays a dominant role in the formation, dissolution, and evolution of the Earth's sphere-wide weather and climate system. In practice, these interactions occur through various dynamic and thermodynamic processes at the air-sea interface. However, current forecasts rely on independent atmospheric and ocean circulation models, resulting in mismatches and imbalances in fluxes between the air and sea. Furthermore, ocean waves, through their varying wave states, influence the transfer of heat and momentum between the air and sea, a crucial influencing factor that cannot be ignored. Therefore, it is necessary to couple atmospheric, oceanic, and wave models to form an integrated system capable of instantly exchanging information, enabling the simultaneous, objective, and quantitative production of integrated meteorological and hydrological forecasts.

[0003] Considering the existence of several air-sea interaction phenomena between the atmosphere and ocean that occur at limited spatial scales (e.g., basin-scale) and short timescales (generally less than a week), such as tropical cyclones and mid-latitude ocean explosive cyclones, offshore gales and low-level jet streams, coastal storm surges and sea fog, ocean frontogenesis, and upper ocean variability, their dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms are primarily governed by small- and medium-scale air-sea interaction processes. Furthermore, my country's coastal marine environment is complex and rich in multiscale dynamic processes. The accuracy of forecasts for factors such as hydroacoustics, currents, temperature, salinity, and density needs to be improved, and the forecasting of ocean phenomena such as thermoclines, internal waves, and small- and medium-scale eddies remains challenging. Therefore, refined air-sea wave coupling technology is an important means of improving marine environmental forecasting. Developing regional refined air-sea wave coupling numerical prediction methods can enhance understanding of multiscale, especially small- and medium-scale, ocean dynamic processes, enable rapid and accurate prediction of changes in ocean dynamic processes around islands, and improve early warning and detection capabilities for high-impact weather on the sea surface, meeting the urgent need for marine hydrological forecasting in the new era and new stage.

[0004] Existing regional numerical meteorological and hydrological forecasting methods often employ a single forecast model, such as a regional atmospheric model (e.g., the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF)). Global atmospheric forecast fields are used as the model's boundary fields, and initial fields assimilated from atmospheric observations are used as the model's initial conditions. This drives the model's operation, and the model's computational results are output and post-processed to generate regional atmospheric forecast products. Similarly, regional hydrostatic ocean models (ROMs) utilize global ocean and atmospheric forecast fields to generate their initial and boundary fields, driving the model's integral calculations. Currently, regional ocean models are classified into two types: hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic. Due to their lower computational complexity and suitability for low-resolution ocean state simulations, ROMs (e.g., the Princeton Ocean Model (POM)) are currently the primary choice for operational ocean forecasts. However, with the continuous improvement of high-performance computing power and the demand for forecasting detailed mesoscale and small-scale ocean processes (such as internal waves and small-scale eddies), ROMs are no longer suitable for refined ocean forecasting. Therefore, the main problems with current single forecast models are: 1. The ocean and atmosphere component models operate independently of each other, and the variables between the air and sea interface are either initially fixed values, statistically parameterized estimates, or updated offline using low-frequency (3 to 6 hours or even longer) file data. This will cause an imbalance in the variables between the air and sea interface, resulting in large forecast errors. 2. The ocean models in existing research-type coupled models are mostly static models with a resolution of 1 / 12° (about 9 km). They are difficult to accurately reflect complex ocean processes such as internal waves and internal tides at extremely high resolutions (such as 1 km and below), and the models do not accurately simulate small and medium-scale processes. 3. Existing research-type coupled models often use a global smoothing method to process terrain, artificially reducing the refinement of ocean terrain and insufficiently refining the treatment of rivers and waterways, resulting in inaccurate forecasts of physical processes in nearshore shallow waters. 4. Existing research-type coupling models do not consider the assimilation of multi-source observation data, especially the lack of ocean-atmosphere coupling assimilation technology. Therefore, the initial conditions are inaccurate and are only suitable for scientific research on certain cases, but not for quasi-real-time operational coupled forecasting methods. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the problems that existing regional numerical meteorological and hydrological forecasting methods have large forecast errors, are not precise and accurate in forecasting physical processes in nearshore shallow waters, and are not suitable for quasi-real-time operational coupled forecasting. A regional refined ocean-air-wave coupled numerical forecasting method based on a non-hydrostatic atmospheric model, a non-hydrostatic ocean model, and a full-physical process ocean wave spectrum model is provided to reduce forecast errors, especially to improve the accuracy of forecasts of physical processes in nearshore shallow waters. The method also comprehensively considers the coupled assimilation technology of multi-source observation data to improve the accuracy of initial conditions and supports high-performance parallel computing platforms suitable for quasi-real-time operational coupled forecasting.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0007] The first step is to build a regional refined ocean-air-wave coupled numerical prediction system. The regional refined ocean-air-wave coupled numerical prediction system consists of a data collection subsystem, a preprocessing subsystem, a data assimilation subsystem, a coupling model calculation subsystem, and a post-processing subsystem.

[0008] The data collection subsystem is connected to the dedicated database (generally installed on the server of the high-performance computing center), the preprocessing subsystem, and the data assimilation subsystem. It reads configuration files, global atmospheric forecast field data (GRIB format) reported on the same day, global wave forecast field data, global ocean forecast field data, high-precision terrain data, tidal data, real-time atmospheric observation data, and real-time ocean observation data from the dedicated database. The global atmospheric forecast field data are clipped according to the longitude and latitude of the forecast area (read from the configuration file), and the three-dimensional temperature, geopotential height, relative humidity and wind vector field variable files are merged into the global atmospheric forecast field variable file. According to the date and data source, the regional atmospheric forecast field is generated and saved in the standard GRIB format; the global ocean forecast field data are clipped according to the forecast area range, and the sea temperature, salinity, sea surface height and current field variable files are merged into the global ocean forecast field variable file to obtain the regional ocean forecast field and save it in the standard NetCDF format; the global wave forecast field data are clipped and archived according to the forecast area range, and the significant wave height, wave period, wavelength and wave direction variables are merged to obtain the regional wave forecast field and save it in the standard NetCDF format. Classify and process the atmospheric real-time observation data, rename the atmospheric real-time observation data into atmospheric observation files according to the data source and archive them in ASCII or PREPBUFR format, and archive the observation error files in the atmospheric observation files in text document format; classify and process the ocean real-time observation data, rename the ocean real-time observation data into ocean observation files according to the data source or type and archive them in NetCDF format, and archive the climate state statistics of the ocean model in the ocean observation files in chronological order. Send the generated regional atmospheric forecast fields, regional wave forecast fields, regional ocean forecast fields, and tidal data and high-precision terrain data obtained from the dedicated database to the preprocessing subsystem, and send the atmospheric observation files and ocean observation files to the data assimilation subsystem. The contents of the configuration file include: working directory, longitude and latitude of the forecast area, longitude and latitude of the center, reference longitude and latitude, number of parallel nodes, map projection mode, forecast time (i.e., integration start date t s and the integral expiration date t e ), grid resolution and number of grid points for the atmospheric model module, grid resolution and number of grid points for the ocean model module, grid resolution and number of grid points for the wave model module, integration step size (Ta) for the atmospheric model module, integration step size (To) for the ocean model module, integration step size (Tw) for the wave model module, atmospheric coupling exchange step size (Tca), ocean coupling exchange step size (Tco), wave coupling exchange step size (Tcw), output path and output frequency, assimilation region, assimilation time window, and assimilated variable names. Send the configuration file to the preprocessing subsystem, data assimilation subsystem, and coupled model calculation subsystem.

[0009] The preprocessing subsystem is connected to the data collection subsystem, data assimilation subsystem and coupled model calculation subsystem, and consists of a regional sea-air wave grid generation module, a high-precision terrain processing module, a wave hot start preprocessing module, an atmospheric preprocessing module and an ocean preprocessing module.

[0010] The regional sea-air wave grid generation module is connected to the data collection subsystem, coupled model calculation subsystem, data assimilation subsystem, high-precision terrain processing module, atmospheric preprocessing module, ocean preprocessing module, and ocean wave hot start preprocessing module. The regional sea-air wave grid generation module reads the latitude and longitude of the forecast area from the configuration file sent by the data collection subsystem, receives locally smoothed terrain data from the high-precision terrain processing module, vertically interpolates the atmospheric terrain data within the locally smoothed terrain data and labels land and sea to generate an atmospheric model grid file. It also interpolates and labels the ocean terrain data within the locally smoothed terrain data, labels and processes river and waterway locations, and generates ocean and wave model grid files. The atmospheric model grid file is then sent to the atmospheric preprocessing module, the ocean model grid file to the ocean preprocessing module, and the ocean wave model grid file to the ocean hot start preprocessing module.

[0011] The high-precision terrain processing module is connected to the data collection subsystem and the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module. It obtains high-precision terrain data from the data collection subsystem, classifies and archives the high-precision terrain data, and performs local smoothing processing on the high-precision terrain data to obtain local smoothed terrain data suitable for the regional refined ocean-air wave coupled numerical prediction system, and sends the local smoothed terrain data to the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module.

[0012] The wave hot start preprocessing module is connected to the data collection subsystem and the regional sea-air wave grid generation module. It obtains the wave pattern grid file from the regional sea-air wave grid generation module, receives the regional wave forecast field from the data collection subsystem, interpolates the regional wave forecast field according to the wave pattern grid file, generates the wave pattern boundary field, and sends the wave pattern boundary field and the wave pattern grid file to the coupled mode calculation subsystem.

[0013] The atmospheric preprocessing module is connected to the data collection subsystem, the regional sea-air wave grid generation module, and the data assimilation subsystem. It obtains the regional atmospheric forecast field from the data collection subsystem and the atmospheric model grid file from the regional sea-air wave grid generation module, decodes the regional atmospheric forecast field, interpolates the decoded atmospheric forecast field onto the atmospheric model grid file, obtains the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field, and sends the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field to the data assimilation subsystem.

[0014] The ocean preprocessing module is connected to the data collection subsystem and the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module. It obtains the regional ocean forecast field, tidal data and regional atmospheric forecast field from the data collection subsystem, receives the ocean model grid file from the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module, performs grid vertical interpolation preprocessing on the regional ocean forecast field and tidal data, obtains the ocean initial field and ocean boundary field of the regional ocean model, and sends the ocean model grid file, ocean initial field and ocean boundary field to the data assimilation subsystem; interpolates the regional atmospheric forecast field onto the ocean model grid file to obtain the atmospheric forcing field of the ocean model, and sends the atmospheric forcing field to the data assimilation subsystem; and sends the ocean model grid file to the coupled model calculation subsystem.

[0015] The data assimilation subsystem is connected to the data collection subsystem, preprocessing subsystem, and coupled model calculation subsystem, and consists of an atmospheric data assimilation module and an ocean data assimilation module. The atmospheric data assimilation module is connected to the data collection subsystem, the atmospheric preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem, and the coupled model calculation subsystem, and consists of an atmospheric data preprocessing submodule, a background error covariance submodule, and an atmospheric assimilation submodule. The atmospheric data preprocessing submodule is connected to the data collection subsystem and the atmospheric assimilation submodule. It obtains atmospheric observation files from the data collection subsystem, performs data preprocessing and quality control on them, generates temporary atmospheric observation data files, and sends them to the atmospheric assimilation submodule. The background error covariance submodule is connected to the atmospheric assimilation submodule, and uses the background field information in the background error covariance submodule to calculate the background error covariance, generate the background error covariance matrix, and send the background error covariance matrix to the atmospheric assimilation submodule; the atmospheric assimilation submodule is connected to the data preprocessing submodule, the background error covariance submodule, and the preprocessing subsystem, obtains the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field from the atmospheric preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem, receives the background error covariance matrix from the background error covariance submodule, obtains the atmospheric observation temporary data file from the atmospheric data preprocessing submodule, performs three-dimensional variational assimilation on the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field, generates the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field, and sends the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field to the coupled model calculation subsystem.

[0016] The ocean data assimilation module is connected to the data collection subsystem, preprocessing subsystem, and coupled model calculation subsystem, and consists of an ocean data preprocessing submodule and a four-dimensional variational submodule. The ocean data preprocessing submodule is connected to the data collection subsystem and the four-dimensional variational submodule. It receives ocean observation files from the data collection subsystem, performs data preprocessing and quality control on them, and generates temporary ocean observation data files that are sent to the four-dimensional variational submodule. The four-dimensional variational submodule is connected to the ocean preprocessing module, ocean data preprocessing submodule, and coupled model calculation subsystem of the preprocessing subsystem. It receives ocean model grid files, ocean initial fields, boundary fields, and atmospheric forcing fields from the ocean preprocessing module, and temporary ocean observation data files from the ocean data preprocessing submodule. It performs variational assimilation on these temporary ocean observation data files to generate assimilated ocean analysis fields and assimilated ocean boundary fields, which it then sends to the ocean model module of the coupled model calculation subsystem.

[0017] The coupled model calculation subsystem is connected to the preprocessing subsystem, data assimilation subsystem, and post-processing subsystem, and consists of an atmospheric model module, an ocean model module, a wave model module, and a coupling module.

[0018] The coupling module uses the domestically produced coupler C-Coupler3.0, which is connected to the atmospheric model module (Weather Research and Forecasting Model, WRF), the ocean model module (Coastal and Regional Ocean Community model, CROCO), and the wave model module (ECWAM). Its function is to initialize the coupling model calculation subsystem and exchange data among the atmospheric model module, the ocean model module, and the wave model module according to the forecast time, the atmospheric coupling exchange step, the ocean coupling exchange step, and the wave coupling exchange step read from the configuration file sent by the data collection subsystem. The coupling module receives the configuration file from the data collection subsystem and performs initial parameter configuration on the coupling model calculation subsystem; when the integral calculation of the atmospheric model module reaches the atmospheric coupling exchange step preset in the configuration file, the coupling module obtains atmospheric variables from the atmospheric model module. The atmospheric variables include long-wave radiation, short-wave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, and 10-meter wind data; when the integral calculation of the ocean model module reaches the ocean coupling exchange step preset in the configuration file, the coupling module obtains ocean variables from the ocean model module. The ocean variables include sea surface temperature, sea surface current, water level, water depth, and bottom surface roughness data; when the integral calculation of the wave model module reaches the wave coupling exchange step preset in the configuration file, the coupling module obtains wave variables from the wave model module. The wave variables include significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data; the coupling module exchanges data between the atmospheric model module, the ocean model module, and the wave model module respectively.

[0019] The atmospheric model module is connected to the atmospheric data assimilation module, post-processing subsystem, and coupling module of the data assimilation subsystem. It receives the assimilated atmospheric analysis field (as the initial condition of the numerical equation group in the atmospheric model module) and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field (as the boundary condition of the numerical equation group in the atmospheric model module) from the atmospheric data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem. It performs numerical integration calculations on the non-hydrostatic atmospheric numerical equation group in the atmospheric model module based on the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field to obtain atmospheric variables and atmospheric forecast fields. It sends the atmospheric forecast fields to the post-processing subsystem and passes the long-wave radiation, short-wave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, and 10-meter wind data in the atmospheric variables to the coupling module. Through the coupling module, the long-wave radiation, short-wave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, and precipitation data are passed to the ocean model module, and the 10-meter wind data are passed to the wave model module. It receives ocean variables (including sea surface temperature and sea surface current) and wave variables (including significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data) from the coupling module, updates atmospheric variables, and achieves the purpose of bidirectional coupling at the ocean-atmosphere and wave-atmosphere interfaces (i.e., exchanging variables between the ocean, atmosphere, and waves).

[0020] The ocean model module is connected to the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module of the preprocessing subsystem, the ocean data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem, the post-processing subsystem, and the coupling module. It receives the ocean model grid file from the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module of the preprocessing subsystem, and receives the assimilated ocean analysis field (as the initial condition of the numerical equation group in the ocean model module) and the assimilated ocean boundary field (as the boundary condition of the numerical equation group in the ocean model module) from the ocean data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem. Based on the assimilated ocean analysis field and the assimilated ocean boundary field, the non-hydrostatic ocean numerical equation group in the ocean model module is numerically integrated to obtain ocean variables and ocean forecast fields. The ocean forecast fields are sent to the post-processing subsystem, and the sea surface temperature, sea surface current, water level, water depth and bottom surface roughness data in the ocean variables are passed to the coupling module. Through the coupling module, the sea surface temperature and sea surface current data are passed to the atmospheric model module, and the sea surface current, water level, water depth and bottom surface roughness data are passed to the wave model module. The coupling module receives long-wave radiation, short-wave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, 10-meter wind, significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data from atmospheric variables, updates ocean variables, and achieves the purpose of two-way coupling at the ocean-atmosphere and wave-ocean interfaces.

[0021] The ocean wave model module is connected to the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module of the preprocessing subsystem, the ocean wave hot start preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem, the coupling module, and the postprocessing subsystem. It receives the ocean wave model grid file from the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module of the preprocessing subsystem and the ocean wave boundary field from the ocean wave hot start preprocessing module. It performs numerical integration calculations based on the ocean wave boundary field and the static initial field with a default initial value of zero (or the hot start file hotfile.txt generated by the previous forecast) to obtain ocean wave variables and ocean wave forecast fields. The ocean wave forecast fields are then sent to the postprocessing subsystem. The significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data in the ocean wave variables are passed to the coupling module. The coupling module then passes these significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data to the atmospheric model module and to the ocean model module. The coupling module receives 10-meter wind, sea surface current, water level, water depth, and bottom roughness data from the ocean variables and updates the ocean wave variables, achieving bidirectional coupling at the ocean-wave and wave-ocean interfaces.

[0022] The post-processing subsystem is connected to the coupled model calculation subsystem, and consists of a regional atmospheric model output post-processing module, a regional ocean model output post-processing module, and a regional wave model output post-processing module. The regional atmospheric model output post-processing module receives the atmospheric forecast field from the atmospheric model module of the coupled model calculation subsystem, extracts the potential height, temperature, relative humidity, horizontal wind field, vertical velocity, cloud water content, cloud ice content and sea level pressure, 2-meter height air temperature, 2-meter relative humidity, visibility, 10-meter height U wind component, 10-meter height V wind component in the atmospheric forecast field, interpolates the components to the standard isobaric surface, and saves them as the first part of the atmospheric forecast field NetCDF file, and extracts the accumulated precipitation and humidity on each vertical layer in the atmospheric forecast field, calculates the accumulated precipitation and radar reflectivity diagnostic analysis quantity at each 3-hour grid point and saves them as the second part of the atmospheric forecast field NetCDF file. The above two parts of the atmospheric forecast field NetCDF files constitute the atmospheric analysis file; the regional ocean model output post-processing module receives the atmospheric forecast field from the coupled model calculation subsystem, and extracts the atmospheric forecast field from the coupled model. The ocean model module of the computation subsystem receives ocean forecast fields, extracts ocean temperature, current, and salinity variables from these forecast fields, and interpolates these data onto depth contours from 0 to 1000 meters. This data is then saved as the first part of the ocean forecast field NetCDF file. The interpolated ocean layer temperatures and salinities are then used to calculate the density and sound speed of each layer, resulting in the second part of the ocean forecast field NetCDF file. These two parts of the ocean forecast field NetCDF file constitute the ocean analysis file. The regional wave model output post-processing module receives the wave forecast field from the wave model module of the coupled model computation subsystem, extracts the significant wave height, wave direction, and period variables from these wave forecast fields, and saves them as separate NetCDF files to create the wave analysis file. The atmospheric analysis file, ocean analysis file, and wave analysis file together constitute the high-precision forecast product output by the regional refined ocean-air-wave coupled numerical prediction system.

[0023] In the second step, the data collection subsystem obtains the configuration file, atmospheric, ocean, and wave-related data from the dedicated database, sends the atmospheric, ocean, and wave-related data to the preprocessing subsystem and data assimilation subsystem respectively, and sends the configuration file to the preprocessing subsystem, data assimilation subsystem, and coupled model calculation subsystem. The method is:

[0024] 2.1 Data Collection Subsystem: The data collection subsystem obtains the configuration file from the dedicated database, reads the longitude and latitude of the forecast area, and obtains global atmospheric forecast field data from the dedicated database for a 10-day forecast period starting from the current day. The global atmospheric forecast field data is output every 3 hours, and each output is saved as a separate data file. Therefore, the global atmospheric forecast field data is a collection of data files. Due to the large amount of global atmospheric forecast field data, in order to reduce storage pressure, the global atmospheric forecast field data is first trimmed according to the longitude and latitude of the forecast area. The temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind field variable files for the same time are merged into a single-time regional atmospheric forecast field. The regional atmospheric forecast field is then saved in the standard GRIB format according to date and data source, and the regional atmospheric forecast field is sent to the atmospheric preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem.

[0025] 2.2 The data collection subsystem obtains global ocean forecast field data from the dedicated database, which is reported from the current day, has a forecast duration of 10 days, and an output frequency of one day. The global ocean forecast field data outputs sea temperature, salinity, sea surface height, and current field variables each time and is saved as sea temperature, salinity, sea surface height, and current field variable data files respectively. Therefore, the global ocean forecast field data is a collection of a set of data files (i.e., there are 10 time-scale data, and each time-scale has four independent small files of sea temperature, salinity, sea surface height, and current field vector). According to the scope of the forecast area, the sea temperature, salinity, sea surface height, and current field variable files of the same time-scale are merged into a regional ocean forecast field. According to the date and data source, they are saved in a set of standard NetCDF formats, and the regional ocean forecast field is sent to the ocean preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem.

[0026] 2.3 The data collection subsystem obtains global ocean wave forecast data from a dedicated database, with a daily output frequency and a forecast duration of 10 days. The global ocean wave forecast data outputs significant wave height, wave period, wavelength, and wave direction variables and saves them as separate data files for significant wave height, wave period, wavelength, and wave direction variables. Therefore, the global ocean wave forecast data is a collection of data files. The significant wave height, wave period, wavelength, and wave direction variable files are tailored to the forecast area, merged into regional ocean wave forecast fields, and saved in standard NetCDF format according to date and data source. The regional ocean wave forecast fields are then sent to the ocean wave hot start preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem.

[0027] 2.4 The data collection subsystem obtains high-precision terrain data and tidal data from the dedicated database. High-precision terrain data, such as the ETOP2 dataset and the GEO dataset, include water depth, rivers, lakes, forests, grasslands, ice and snow surfaces, deserts, land surfaces, and corresponding soil temperature and soil moisture information. Tidal data comes from the TPXO tidal data provided by Oregon State University (OSU), which includes four semi-diurnal tides: M2, S2, N2, K2, four diurnal tides K1, O1, P1, Q1, and tidal information such as Mf, Mm, M4, MS4, and MN4, with a resolution of 0.25°×0.25°. The high-precision terrain data and tidal data are sent to the ocean preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem;

[0028] 2.5 The data collection subsystem obtains real-time atmospheric and ocean observation data from the dedicated database, processes the atmospheric real-time observation data into binary files, renames them according to the data source and date (Universal Time, or UTC), and files them in NetCDF format to obtain atmospheric observation files. The real-time ocean observation data is processed into binary files, renames them according to the data source, and files them in NetCDF format to obtain ocean observation files. The atmospheric observation files are sent to the atmospheric data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem, and the ocean observation files are sent to the ocean data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem.

[0029] 2.6 The data collection subsystem obtains the configuration file from the dedicated database and sends it to the preprocessing subsystem, data assimilation subsystem and coupled model calculation subsystem.

[0030] In the third step, the regional sea wave grid generation module of the pre-processing subsystem receives the configuration file from the data collection subsystem, reads the configuration file parameters from the configuration file (including the forecast time, longitude and latitude of the forecast area, center longitude and latitude, reference longitude and latitude, map projection mode, number of grid points of the atmospheric model, number of grid points of the ocean model, number of grid points of the wave model, and grid resolution of the atmospheric model module, grid resolution of the ocean model module, and grid resolution of the wave model module), receives the locally smoothed terrain data from the high-precision terrain processing module of the pre-processing subsystem, and generates the atmospheric model grid file, ocean model grid file, and wave model grid file. The method is:

[0031] 3.1 The regional sea wave grid generation module reads the atmospheric model's forecast area longitude and latitude, center longitude and latitude, reference longitude and latitude, map projection mode, number of atmospheric model grid points, and grid resolution of the atmospheric model module from the configuration file, generates the atmospheric model initial grid, and saves it as a NetCDF format file;

[0032] 3.2 The regional sea wave grid generation module reads the longitude and latitude of the ocean model forecast area, the map projection mode, the number of ocean model grid points, and the grid resolution of the ocean model module from the configuration file, generates the initial ocean model grid, and saves it as a NetCDF format file;

[0033] 3.3 The regional ocean wave grid generation module reads the latitude and longitude of the forecast area and the number of grid points of the ocean wave model from the configuration file, generates the initial grid of the ocean wave model, and saves it as a data file with the suffix grb according to the format requirements of the ocean wave model;

[0034] 3.4 The high-precision terrain processing module receives high-precision terrain data from the data collection subsystem, performs linear filtering and smoothing on ocean points and grid points with large terrain gradients (i.e., large water depth changes) in the high-precision terrain data, marks rivers and waterways, and classifies and archives terrain data of different land types and different resolutions to obtain locally smoothed atmospheric and ocean terrain data, which are then sent to the regional sea-air wave grid generation module.

[0035] 3.5 The regional sea-air wave grid generation module receives the smoothed atmospheric and ocean terrain data from the high-precision terrain processing module and processes the initial grids of the atmospheric model, ocean model, and ocean wave model according to the terrain type, land-sea boundary, and river and waterway type in the terrain data:

[0036] 3.5.1 Assign sea and land masks to the initial grids of the atmospheric model, ocean model, and wave model, marking ocean points as 1 and land points as 0. At the same time, mark waterways at the mouths of rivers, with waterway locations as 1 and coastal land as 0.

[0037] 3.5.2 Interpolate the altitude of the smoothed atmospheric terrain data, different land types (including rivers, lakes, forests, grasslands, ice and snow surfaces, deserts, and land surfaces), and the corresponding soil temperature and soil moisture information to the atmospheric model initial grid to generate the atmospheric model grid file;

[0038] 3.5.3 Interpolate the water depth, sea route boundary, and river channel information of the smoothed ocean terrain data onto the initial grid of the ocean model and the initial grid of the wave model to generate the ocean model grid file and the wave model grid file;

[0039] 3.6 The regional sea-air wave grid generation module sends the atmospheric model grid file to the atmospheric preprocessing module, sends the ocean model grid file to the ocean preprocessing module, and sends the wave grid file to the wave hot start preprocessing module.

[0040] In the fourth step, the atmospheric preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem receives the configuration file and regional atmospheric forecast field from the data collection subsystem, receives the atmospheric model grid file from the regional sea wave grid generation module, decodes and interpolates the regional atmospheric forecast field, obtains the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field, and sends the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field to the data assimilation subsystem. The method is:

[0041] 4.1 The atmospheric preprocessing module receives the configuration file and regional atmospheric forecast field from the data collection subsystem, and receives the atmospheric model grid file from the regional sea wave grid generation module;

[0042] 4.2 The atmospheric preprocessing module links the regional atmospheric forecast field to the working directory. Since the regional atmospheric forecast field file name contains time, symbol, and variable identifier, the file name is too long and difficult to batch process. Therefore, in order to facilitate batch processing of all regional atmospheric forecast field files, all data in the regional atmospheric forecast field are first renamed in the form of soft links according to the file type and English letters, in the data format (GRIBFILE) plus alphabetical order.

[0043] The 4.3 Atmospheric Preprocessing Module creates a variable table based on the variable types and names of the global atmospheric forecast field data (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and geopotential height). This table decodes and interpolates the global atmospheric forecast field data using the WPS (WRF Preprocessing System). This variable table records the GRIB code, variable name, unit, and number of layers of the global atmospheric forecast field data. This information serves as the basis for subsequent variable interpolation processing in the regional atmospheric model.

[0044] 4.4 The atmospheric preprocessing module reads the latitude and longitude of the forecast area from the configuration file, extracts the required variables (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and geopotential height variables) from the GRIB code of the global atmospheric forecast field according to the variable table, and writes them into the intermediate format file to form the intermediate format meteorological data;

[0045] 4.5 The atmospheric preprocessing module uses the interpolation algorithm in the WRF model to horizontally interpolate the intermediate format meteorological data onto the atmospheric model grid file to produce the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field;

[0046] 4.6 The atmospheric preprocessing module sends the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field to the data assimilation subsystem.

[0047] In the fifth step, the ocean preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem receives the configuration file, regional ocean forecast field, tidal data and regional atmospheric forecast field from the data collection subsystem, receives the ocean model grid file from the regional sea-air wave grid generation module, performs interpolation preprocessing on the regional ocean forecast field, tidal data and regional atmospheric forecast field to obtain the atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field and ocean boundary field, sends the ocean model grid file, atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field and ocean boundary field to the data assimilation subsystem, and sends the ocean model grid file to the coupled model calculation subsystem. The method is:

[0048] 5.1 The ocean preprocessing module receives configuration files, regional ocean forecast fields, tidal data, and regional atmospheric forecast fields from the data collection subsystem, and receives ocean model grid files from the regional sea-air wave grid generation module;

[0049] 5.2 The ocean preprocessing module filters the regional ocean forecast field according to the grid point positions in the grid file, identifies the default data at the corresponding grid point positions as outliers, and marks them as NAN (meaning invalid value). The filtered regional ocean forecast field is obtained and saved as a temporary file in NetCDF format;

[0050] 5.3 The ocean preprocessing module interpolates the filtered regional ocean forecast field based on the ocean model grid file to generate the ocean initial field and ocean boundary field;

[0051] 5.4 The ocean preprocessing module interpolates the regional atmospheric forecast field to generate the atmospheric forcing field;

[0052] 5.5 The ocean preprocessing module sends the atmospheric forcing field, ocean model initial field, ocean boundary field and ocean model grid file to the data assimilation subsystem, and sends the ocean model grid file to the coupled model calculation subsystem.

[0053] In the sixth step, the preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem obtains the regional wave forecast field from the data collection subsystem, receives the wave pattern grid file from the regional sea-air wave grid generation module, interpolates the regional wave forecast field to obtain the wave boundary field, and sends the wave boundary field and wave pattern grid file to the coupled mode calculation subsystem. The method is:

[0054] 6.1 The ocean wave hot start preprocessing module receives the regional ocean wave forecast field from the data collection subsystem and the ocean wave model grid file from the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module;

[0055] 6.2 The wave preprocessing module interpolates the regional wave forecast field based on the wave pattern grid file to generate the wave boundary field;

[0056] 6.3 The wave hot start preprocessing module sends the wave boundary field and wave model grid file to the coupled mode calculation subsystem.

[0057] In the seventh step, the atmospheric data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem receives the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field from the atmospheric preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem, receives the atmospheric observation file and configuration file from the data collection subsystem, pre-processes the atmospheric observation file to obtain the atmospheric observation temporary data file, calculates the background error covariance of the simulation area to obtain the background error covariance matrix, and finally performs regional atmospheric three-dimensional variational assimilation to obtain the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field, and sends the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field to the coupled model calculation subsystem. The method is:

[0058] 7.1 The atmospheric data pre-processing submodule receives atmospheric observation files and configuration files from the data collection subsystem, converts the various observation data files in the atmospheric observation files into ASCII or PREPBUFR formats that can be recognized by the atmospheric assimilation submodule; saves the observation error files in the atmospheric observation files into text documents and sends them to the atmospheric assimilation submodule;

[0059] 7.2 The atmospheric data pre-processing submodule removes observations from atmospheric observation files that are not within the assimilation region and assimilation time window in the configuration file, reorders the variable data in the atmospheric observation file by time, calculates air pressure or altitude from the observed variables using the hydrostatic assumption, checks the vertical consistency and superadiabatic conditions of multi-layer observation variables, sets observation errors based on the observation error file in the atmospheric observation data, obtains the atmospheric observation temporary data file, and sends it to the atmospheric assimilation submodule;

[0060] 7.3 Background Error Covariance Submodule randomly generates a set of background field perturbations, standardizes each perturbation (ensuring that its mean is zero), generates standardized perturbations, and then uses the standardized perturbations to calculate the background error covariance matrix, which is: Where N is the number of perturbations (N is usually between 20 and 100, determined according to computing resources and application scenarios), is a randomly generated standardized disturbance, T represents the matrix transpose operation, and the background error covariance matrix B is sent to the atmospheric assimilation submodule;

[0061] 7.4 The atmospheric assimilation submodule receives the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field from the preprocessing subsystem, receives the atmospheric observation temporary data file from the atmospheric data preprocessing submodule, receives the background error covariance matrix from the background error covariance submodule, performs three-dimensional variational assimilation, obtains the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field, and sends the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field to the atmospheric model module of the coupled model calculation subsystem.

[0062] In the eighth step, the ocean data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem receives the ocean observation files and configuration files from the data collection subsystem, and receives the atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field, ocean boundary field, and ocean model grid file from the ocean preprocessing module. It performs regional ocean four-dimensional variational assimilation on the ocean observation files to obtain the assimilated ocean analysis field and assimilated ocean boundary field, and sends the assimilated ocean analysis field and assimilated ocean boundary field to the coupled model calculation subsystem. The method is:

[0063] 8.1 The ocean data pre-processing submodule of the ocean data assimilation module receives ocean observation files and configuration files from the data collection subsystem, sets them according to the assimilation region, assimilation time window, and assimilated variable names in the configuration files, removes observations that are not within the assimilation region and assimilation time window in the ocean observation files, and removes values ​​recorded as default values ​​(e.g., 9999) in the ocean observation files to obtain valid ocean observation files. These valid ocean observation files are reordered and integrated according to the assimilation region, assimilation time window, and assimilated variable names to generate ocean observation temporary data files, and then sent to the four-dimensional variable submodule;

[0064] 8.2 The four-dimensional variational submodule receives the atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field, ocean boundary field, and ocean model grid file from the preprocessing subsystem, and receives the ocean observation temporary data file from the ocean data preprocessing submodule. It performs incremental four-dimensional variational calculations on the ocean observation temporary data file, generates the assimilated ocean analysis field and the assimilated ocean boundary field, and sends the assimilated ocean analysis field and the assimilated ocean boundary field to the coupled model calculation subsystem. The specific method is:

[0065] 8.2.1 The four-dimensional variable molecule module performs grid sparse processing on the ocean model grid file to obtain a low-resolution ocean grid file;

[0066] 8.2.2 The four-dimensional variable submodule interpolates the atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field, and ocean boundary field into the low-resolution ocean grid file to obtain the low-resolution atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field, and ocean boundary field;

[0067] 8.2.3 The 4D variational submodule extracts the observation location and time from the ocean observation file, performs low-resolution 4D variational assimilation calculations on the low-resolution atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field, ocean boundary field, and ocean observation temporary data file at the observation time, obtains the low-resolution 4D variational analysis increment, and stores the low-resolution 4D variational analysis increment as a temporary file in NetCDF format;

[0068] 8.2.4 The 4D variational submodule uses the low-resolution 4D variational analysis increment and the ocean model grid file to obtain the high-resolution 4D variational analysis increment through linear interpolation and stores it as a temporary file in NetCDF format;

[0069] 8.2.5 The four-dimensional variation submodule adds the high-resolution four-dimensional variational analysis increment to the high-resolution background field in the ocean observation file (the high-resolution background field is the climate state statistics result of the ocean model, which comes from the ocean observation file sent by the data collection subsystem) to obtain the high-resolution assimilated ocean analysis field and assimilated ocean boundary field, and sends the assimilated ocean analysis field and assimilated ocean boundary field to the coupled model calculation subsystem.

[0070] In the ninth step, the coupled model calculation subsystem receives the assimilated atmospheric analysis field, assimilated atmospheric boundary field, assimilated ocean analysis field, and assimilated ocean boundary field from the data assimilation subsystem, receives the configuration file from the data collection subsystem, and receives the ocean model grid file, wave model grid file, and wave boundary field from the preprocessing subsystem. The coupling module initializes the subsystem parameter configuration and starts the atmospheric model module (WRF), ocean model module (CROCO), and wave model module (ECWAM). The state equations of the atmosphere, ocean, and waves are integrated respectively. The variables of the three model modules are exchanged through the coupling module to obtain the forecast fields of the atmosphere, ocean, and waves and send them to the post-processing subsystem. The specific method is:

[0071] 9.1 The coupling module receives the configuration file from the data collection subsystem, and configures the working directory of the coupled model calculation subsystem, the number of parallel nodes, and the integration start date (t s ) and the integral expiration date (t e ), atmospheric model module integration step (Ta), ocean model module integration step (To), wave model module integration step (Tw), atmospheric coupling exchange step (Tca), ocean coupling exchange step (Tco), wave coupling exchange step (Tcw), output path and output frequency for initial parameter configuration, and send a start signal to the atmospheric model module, ocean model module and wave model module;

[0072] 9.2 After receiving the start signal, the atmospheric model module, ocean model module, and wave model module each perform the start-up integral calculation, output the coupled variables, and output the corresponding forecast fields in parallel. The atmospheric model module executes step 9.2.1, the ocean model module executes step 9.2.2, and the wave integral module executes step 9.2.3. The three model modules perform the integral calculations in parallel.

[0073] 9.2.1 The atmospheric model module receives the start signal from the coupling module and the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and assimilated atmospheric boundary field from the atmospheric data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem. The assimilated atmospheric analysis field is used as the initial value of the state equation group in the atmospheric model module, and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field is used as the boundary condition of the state equation group in the atmospheric model module. The non-hydrostatic atmospheric model integral calculation is started to obtain the atmospheric forecast field. The method is:

[0074] 9.2.1.1 Initialize the atmospheric model module and start integration on date t s At 00 o'clock (universal time), the initial integration step n = 0. When Ta is the integration step of the atmospheric model module, n(Ta) is the current total integration time of the atmospheric model module at the initial moment 0;

[0075] 9.2.1.2 Let n = n + 1, the atmospheric model module performs non-hydrostatic atmospheric model integration calculation to obtain the atmospheric forecast field, which is a NetCDF format file. As the number of integration steps n increases, the time of the atmospheric model module integration result increases from t s As the time of each integration step Ta continues to move backward from 00:00 (UTC), the integration results in the atmospheric forecast field continue to increase.

[0076] 9.2.1.3 Let n(Ta) = total time for atmospheric model module integration calculation. If n(Ta) = t e -t s , the atmospheric model module integration is completed, the atmospheric forecast field is sent to the post-processing subsystem, the integration completion signal is sent to the coupling module, and step 9.3 is turned to; if n(Ta) <t e -t s , go to step 9.2.1.4;

[0077] 9.2.1.4 If n(Ta) <t e -t s If nTa is an integer multiple of the atmospheric coupling exchange step (Tca), the atmospheric model module sends longwave radiation, shortwave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, and 10-meter wind to the coupling module. At the same time, the atmospheric model module receives the sea surface temperature and significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data sent by the coupling module, replaces the corresponding variables in the atmospheric model module with the received sea surface temperature and significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data, and goes to step 9.2.1.2 to perform the non-hydrostatic atmospheric model integration for step n+1. If n(Ta) <t e -t s If n(Ta) is not an integer multiple of Tca, no data output or exchange is performed, and the process goes directly to step 9.2.1.2 to perform the integral calculation for the n+1th time step.

[0078] 9.2.2 The ocean model module receives the start signal from the coupling module, receives the ocean model grid file from the ocean preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem, receives the assimilated ocean analysis field (as the initial condition of the ocean state equation group in the ocean model module) and the assimilated ocean boundary field (as the boundary condition of the ocean state equation group in the ocean model module) from the ocean data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem, starts the non-hydrostatic ocean model integral calculation, and obtains the ocean forecast field.

[0079] 9.2.2.1 Initialize the ocean model module and start integration on date t s At 00:00 (UTC), the initial integration step n = 0. When To is the integration step of the ocean model module, n(To) is the total integration time of the ocean model module at the initial moment, 0;

[0080] 9.2.2.2 Let n = n + 1, the ocean model module performs non-hydrostatic ocean state numerical integration (i.e. non-hydrostatic ocean model integration) to obtain the ocean forecast field, which is a NetCDF format file. As the number of integration steps n increases, the time of the ocean model module integration result increases from t s As the time of each integration step To continues to move backward at 00:00, the integration results in the ocean forecast field continue to increase.

[0081] 9.2.2.3 Let n(To) = total time for ocean model module integration calculation. If n(To) = t e -t s , then the ocean model module integration is completed, the ocean forecast field is sent to the post-processing subsystem, the integration completion signal is sent to the coupling module, and then go to step 9.3; if n(To) <t e -t s , go to step 9.2.2.4;

[0082] 9.2.2.4If n(To) <t e -t s If n(To) is an integer multiple of the ocean coupling exchange step (Tco), the ocean model module sends the sea surface temperature, sea surface current, water level, water depth, and bottom roughness data to the coupling module. At the same time, the ocean model module receives the longwave radiation, shortwave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, 10-meter wind, significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data sent by the coupling module, replaces the corresponding variables in the ocean model module with the received longwave radiation, shortwave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, 10-meter wind, significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data, and goes to step 9.2.2.2 to perform the n+1 step non-hydrostatic ocean model integration. If n(To) is <t e -t sIf n(To) is not an integer multiple of Tco, no data output or exchange is performed, and the process goes directly to step 9.2.2.2 to perform the integral calculation for the n+1th time step.

[0083] 9.2.3 After the wave model receives the start signal, the module receives the wave model grid file and wave boundary field file from the wave hot start preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem and starts the numerical integration calculation of the wave state.

[0084] 9.2.3.1 Initialize the wave model module and start the integration on date t s At 00:00 (UTC), the initial integration step n = 0. When Tw is the integration step length of the wave model module, n(Tw) is the total integration time of the wave model module at the initial moment, 0. Determine whether the wave initial field file hotfile.txt exists in the current working directory (this file is a temporary file generated after the previous integration is completed; if the previous integration does not exist, this file will not exist). If hotfile.txt exists, the wave model module reads hotfile.txt as the initial condition for the wave spectrum equation in the wave model module at time n = 0, and proceed to step 9.2.3.2. If hotfile.txt does not exist, initialize the initial values ​​of the wave height, wavelength, wave period, wave direction parameters, and wave energy spectrum of the wave spectrum equation in the wave model module to 0, and proceed to step 9.2.3.2.

[0085] 9.2.3.2 Let n = n + 1, and the wave model module performs numerical integration calculations on the wave state to obtain the wave forecast field, which is a NetCDF format file. As the number of integration steps n increases, the time of the wave model module integration result increases from t s As the time of each integration step Tw continues to move backward at 00 o'clock, the integration results in the wave forecast field continue to increase.

[0086] 9.2.3.3 Let n(Tw) = total time for wave model module integration calculation. If n(Tw) = t e -t s , the integration of the wave model module is completed, the wave forecast field is sent to the post-processing subsystem, and the integration completion signal is sent to the coupling module. At the same time, a wave hot start text file is generated and saved as a temporary file hotfile.txt. It is temporarily stored in the current working directory and used as the initial state field in the wave model module when the coupling forecast is started next time (the main content of the hotfile.txt file is wave state information, including wave height, wavelength, wave period, wave direction parameters, wave energy spectrum; boundary information, including sea surface wind field; grid information, including grid spatial resolution and layout information). Go to step 9.3. If n(Tw) <t e -t s , go to step 9.2.3.4;

[0087] 9.2.3.4 If n(Tw) <t e -t s If n(Tw) is an integer multiple of the wave coupling exchange step length (Tcw), the wave model module sends the significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data to the coupling module. At the same time, the ocean model module receives the 10-meter wind, sea surface current, water level, water depth, and bottom surface roughness data sent by the coupling module, replaces the corresponding variables in the wave model module with the received 10-meter wind, sea surface current, water level, water depth, and bottom surface roughness data, and goes to step 9.2.3.2 to perform the n+1 step wave model integration. If n(Tw) <t e -t s If n(Tw)≠an integer multiple of Tcw, no data output or exchange is performed, and the process goes directly to step 9.2.3.2 to perform the integral calculation for the n+1th time step.

[0088] 9.3 If the coupling module receives the integration completion signal from the atmosphere, ocean, and wave model modules, the coupling model calculation process ends and the work log text file log.txt is output to save basic information during system operation, which is convenient for future inspection or query records when errors occur. The content of the log.txt file includes the number of parallel cores of the three modes, the initial state of the atmosphere model module, the initial state of the ocean model module, the initial state of the wave model module, the integration time, the name of the coupling variable, and the integration end signal.

[0089] In the tenth step, the post-processing subsystem receives the atmospheric forecast field, ocean forecast field, and wave forecast field from the coupled model calculation subsystem, performs interpolation or diagnostic calculation on the atmospheric forecast field, ocean forecast field, and wave forecast field, and generates regional refined ocean-air-wave coupled numerical forecast products. The method is:

[0090] 10.1 The regional atmospheric model output post-processing module receives the atmospheric forecast field from the atmospheric model module of the coupled model calculation subsystem, extracts the potential height, temperature, relative humidity, horizontal wind field, vertical velocity, cloud water content, cloud ice content, sea level pressure, 2-meter height air temperature, 2-meter relative humidity, visibility, 10-meter height U wind component, and 10-meter height V wind component from the atmospheric forecast field, interpolates these components onto the standard isobaric surface, and saves them as the first part of the atmospheric forecast field NetCDF file. It also extracts the accumulated precipitation and humidity at each vertical layer from the atmospheric forecast field, calculates the accumulated precipitation and radar reflectivity diagnostic analysis value at each 3-hour grid point, and saves them as the second part of the atmospheric forecast field NetCDF file. The above two parts of the atmospheric forecast field NetCDF files constitute the atmospheric analysis file.

[0091] 10.2 The Regional Ocean Model Output Post-Processing Module receives the ocean forecast field from the ocean model module of the coupled model calculation subsystem, extracts the ocean temperature, current field, and salinity variables in the ocean forecast field, and interpolates them to the depth isobaths from 0m to 1000m. The resulting data include sea surface temperature, current direction, current velocity, temperature of each ocean layer, salinity, and current field, and saves them as the first part of the ocean forecast field NetCDF file. Using the interpolated ocean layer temperature and salinity, the density and sound speed of each ocean layer are calculated to obtain the second part of the ocean forecast field NetCDF file. These two parts of the ocean forecast field NetCDF file constitute the ocean analysis file.

[0092] The 10.3 Regional Wave Model Output Post-Processing Module receives the wave forecast field from the wave model module of the coupled model calculation subsystem, extracts the significant wave height, wave direction, wave speed, and period from the wave forecast field, and saves them as separate NetCDF files to generate the wave analysis file. The atmospheric analysis file, ocean analysis file, and wave analysis file constitute the high-precision forecast product output by the regional refined ocean-air-wave coupled numerical prediction system.

[0093] The present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0094] (1) The present invention is based on a domestically produced coupler. In the ninth step, coupling variables are designed separately, and the non-hydrostatic atmospheric model, the non-hydrostatic ocean model, and the wave model are integrated. This can fully utilize the advantages of the non-hydrostatic model in depicting refined atmospheric and oceanic processes at a resolution of 1 km to 100 meters, and significantly improve the precision of atmospheric and oceanic forecast products in key areas.

[0095] (2) The ninth step of the present invention utilizes the advantage of the coupler to exchange and update only the key variables at the interface of the non-hydrostatic atmosphere, non-hydrostatic ocean and wave models, which can not only make the relatively closed calculation method that originally calculated the changes in the internal processes of the atmosphere, ocean and waves separately become a whole that can perform high-frequency two-way transmission and update variables at the interface of the atmosphere, ocean and wave models (steps 9.2.1.4, 9.2.2.4 and 9.2.3.4), achieve the purpose of timely and reasonable characterization of the sea-air interaction, thereby improving the accuracy of the coupled forecast, but also minimize the impact on the integrity of the single model framework, and ensure that each model module is relatively independent and easy to upgrade and maintain.

[0096] (3) The eighth and ninth steps of the present invention incorporate the three-dimensional atmospheric variational assimilation and the four-dimensional ocean variational assimilation methods of multi-source observation data into the initial field production, thereby improving the accuracy of the initial fields of the atmospheric model module and the non-hydrostatic ocean model module, respectively, and effectively improving the forecast accuracy of the regional refined ocean-air wave coupling numerical prediction system.

[0097] (4) In step 3.4, ultra-high-resolution terrain and river channel processing was added, so that the regional refined ocean-air-wave coupled numerical prediction system has the ability to make refined predictions of small and medium-scale ocean phenomena and nearshore ocean processes.

[0098] (5) In the fourth step, by marking and smoothing the atmospheric and ocean terrain data, the stability of the regional refined ocean-air wave coupling numerical prediction system was effectively improved, and the number of non-convergence calculations was greatly reduced.

[0099] (6) In step 9.2.3.3, the hot start text file (hotfile.txt) generated by the wave model module in the ocean-air coupled model calculation subsystem is used as the initial wave field for the next forecast. This enables the hot start of the wave model module, significantly improving the forecast of sea conditions. The hot start time of the traditional forecast method is shortened from 1.5 hours to 30 minutes, reducing the calculation time by 67%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0100] Figure 1 This is the logical structure diagram of the regional refined ocean-air-wave coupling numerical prediction system of the present invention.

[0101] Figure 2 This is the logical structure diagram of the preprocessing subsystem.

[0102] Figure 3 This is the logical structure diagram of the data assimilation subsystem.

[0103] Figure 4 This is the logical structure diagram of the coupled mode calculation subsystem.

[0104] Figure 5 This is the logical structure diagram of the post-processing subsystem.

[0105] Figure 6 It is the overall flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0106] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with examples and drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0107] like Figure 6 As shown, the present invention includes the following steps:

[0108] The first step is to build a regional refined ocean-air-wave coupled numerical prediction system. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, it consists of data collection subsystem, preprocessing subsystem, data assimilation subsystem, coupled model calculation subsystem and post-processing subsystem.

[0109] The data collection subsystem is connected to the dedicated database (generally installed on the server of the high-performance computing center), the preprocessing subsystem, and the data assimilation subsystem. It reads configuration files, global atmospheric forecast field data (GRIB format) reported on the same day, global wave forecast field data, global ocean forecast field data, high-precision terrain data, tidal data, real-time atmospheric observation data, and real-time ocean observation data from the dedicated database. The global atmospheric forecast field data are clipped according to the longitude and latitude of the forecast area (read from the configuration file), and the three-dimensional temperature, geopotential height, relative humidity and wind vector field variable files are merged into the global atmospheric forecast field variable file. According to the date and data source, the regional atmospheric forecast field is generated and saved in the standard GRIB format; the global ocean forecast field data are clipped according to the forecast area range, and the sea temperature, salinity, sea surface height and current field variable files are merged into the global ocean forecast field variable file to obtain the regional ocean forecast field and save it in the standard NetCDF format; the global wave forecast field data are clipped and archived according to the forecast area range, and the significant wave height, wave period, wavelength and wave direction variables are merged to obtain the regional wave forecast field and save it in the standard NetCDF format. Classify and process the atmospheric real-time observation data, rename the atmospheric real-time observation data into atmospheric observation files according to the data source and archive them in ASCII or PREPBUFR format, and archive the observation error files in the atmospheric observation files in text document format; classify and process the ocean real-time observation data, rename the ocean real-time observation data into ocean observation files according to the data source or type and archive them in NetCDF format, and archive the climate state statistics of the ocean model in the ocean observation files in chronological order. Send the generated regional atmospheric forecast fields, regional wave forecast fields, regional ocean forecast fields, and tidal data and high-precision terrain data obtained from the dedicated database to the preprocessing subsystem, and send the atmospheric observation files and ocean observation files to the data assimilation subsystem. The contents of the configuration file include: working directory, longitude and latitude of the forecast area, longitude and latitude of the center, reference longitude and latitude, number of parallel nodes, map projection mode, forecast time (i.e., integration start date t s and the integral expiration date t e ), grid resolution and number of grid points for the atmospheric model module, grid resolution and number of grid points for the ocean model module, grid resolution and number of grid points for the wave model module, integration step size (Ta) for the atmospheric model module, integration step size (To) for the ocean model module, integration step size (Tw) for the wave model module, atmospheric coupling exchange step size (Tca), ocean coupling exchange step size (Tco), wave coupling exchange step size (Tcw), output path and output frequency, assimilation region, assimilation time window, and assimilated variable names. Send the configuration file to the preprocessing subsystem, data assimilation subsystem, and coupled model calculation subsystem.

[0110] The preprocessing subsystem is connected to the data collection subsystem, data assimilation subsystem and coupled model calculation subsystem, and consists of a regional sea-air wave grid generation module, a high-precision terrain processing module, a wave hot start preprocessing module, an atmospheric preprocessing module and an ocean preprocessing module.

[0111] like Figure 2 As shown, the regional sea-air wave grid generation module is connected to the data collection subsystem, coupled model calculation subsystem, data assimilation subsystem, high-precision terrain processing module, atmospheric preprocessing module, ocean preprocessing module, and ocean wave hot start preprocessing module. The regional sea-air wave grid generation module reads the latitude and longitude of the forecast area from the configuration file sent by the data collection subsystem, receives locally smoothed terrain data from the high-precision terrain processing module, vertically interpolates the atmospheric terrain data within the locally smoothed terrain data and labels land and sea to generate an atmospheric model grid file. It also interpolates and labels the ocean terrain data within the locally smoothed terrain data, labels and processes river and waterway locations, and generates an ocean model grid file and an ocean wave model grid file. The atmospheric model grid file is then sent to the atmospheric preprocessing module, the ocean model grid file to the ocean preprocessing module, and the ocean wave model grid file to the ocean hot start preprocessing module.

[0112] The high-precision terrain processing module is connected to the data collection subsystem and the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module. It obtains high-precision terrain data from the data collection subsystem, classifies and archives the high-precision terrain data, and performs local smoothing processing on the high-precision terrain data to obtain local smoothed terrain data suitable for the regional refined ocean-air wave coupled numerical prediction system, and sends the local smoothed terrain data to the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module.

[0113] The wave hot start preprocessing module is connected to the data collection subsystem and the regional sea-air wave grid generation module. It obtains the wave pattern grid file from the regional sea-air wave grid generation module, receives the regional wave forecast field from the data collection subsystem, interpolates the regional wave forecast field according to the wave pattern grid file, generates the wave pattern boundary field, and sends the wave pattern boundary field and the wave pattern grid file to the coupled mode calculation subsystem.

[0114] The atmospheric preprocessing module is connected to the data collection subsystem, the regional sea-air wave grid generation module, and the data assimilation subsystem. It obtains the regional atmospheric forecast field from the data collection subsystem and the atmospheric model grid file from the regional sea-air wave grid generation module, decodes the regional atmospheric forecast field, interpolates the decoded atmospheric forecast field onto the atmospheric model grid file, obtains the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field, and sends the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field to the data assimilation subsystem.

[0115] The ocean preprocessing module is connected to the data collection subsystem and the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module. It obtains the regional ocean forecast field, tidal data and regional atmospheric forecast field from the data collection subsystem, receives the ocean model grid file from the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module, performs grid vertical interpolation preprocessing on the regional ocean forecast field and tidal data, obtains the ocean initial field and ocean boundary field of the regional ocean model, and sends the ocean model grid file, ocean initial field and ocean boundary field to the data assimilation subsystem; interpolates the regional atmospheric forecast field onto the ocean model grid file to obtain the atmospheric forcing field of the ocean model, and sends the atmospheric forcing field to the data assimilation subsystem; and sends the ocean model grid file to the coupled model calculation subsystem.

[0116] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the data assimilation subsystem is connected to the data collection subsystem, the preprocessing subsystem, and the coupled model calculation subsystem, and consists of an atmospheric data assimilation module and an ocean data assimilation module. The atmospheric data assimilation module is connected to the data collection subsystem, the atmospheric preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem, and the coupled model calculation subsystem, and consists of an atmospheric data preprocessing submodule, a background error covariance submodule, and an atmospheric assimilation submodule. The atmospheric data preprocessing submodule is connected to the data collection subsystem and the atmospheric assimilation submodule. It obtains atmospheric observation files from the data collection subsystem, performs data preprocessing and quality control on them, generates temporary atmospheric observation data files, and sends them to the atmospheric assimilation submodule. The background error covariance submodule is connected to the atmospheric assimilation submodule, and uses the background field information in the background error covariance submodule to calculate the background error covariance, generate the background error covariance matrix, and send the background error covariance matrix to the atmospheric assimilation submodule; the atmospheric assimilation submodule is connected to the data preprocessing submodule, the background error covariance submodule, and the preprocessing subsystem, obtains the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field from the atmospheric preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem, receives the background error covariance matrix from the background error covariance submodule, obtains the atmospheric observation temporary data file from the atmospheric data preprocessing submodule, performs three-dimensional variational assimilation on the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field, generates the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field, and sends the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field to the coupled model calculation subsystem.

[0117] The ocean data assimilation module is connected to the data collection subsystem, preprocessing subsystem, and coupled model calculation subsystem, and consists of an ocean data preprocessing submodule and a four-dimensional variational submodule. The ocean data preprocessing submodule is connected to the data collection subsystem and the four-dimensional variational submodule. It receives ocean observation files from the data collection subsystem, performs data preprocessing and quality control on them, and generates temporary ocean observation data files that are sent to the four-dimensional variational submodule. The four-dimensional variational submodule is connected to the ocean preprocessing module, ocean data preprocessing submodule, and coupled model calculation subsystem of the preprocessing subsystem. It receives ocean model grid files, ocean initial fields, boundary fields, and atmospheric forcing fields from the ocean preprocessing module, and temporary ocean observation data files from the ocean data preprocessing submodule. It performs variational assimilation on these temporary ocean observation data files to generate assimilated ocean analysis fields and assimilated ocean boundary fields, which it then sends to the ocean model module of the coupled model calculation subsystem.

[0118] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the coupled model calculation subsystem is connected to the preprocessing subsystem, data assimilation subsystem, and post-processing subsystem, and is composed of an atmospheric model module, an ocean model module, a wave model module, and a coupling module.

[0119] The coupling module uses the domestically produced coupler C-Coupler3.0, which is connected to the atmospheric model module, ocean model module, and wave model module. Its function is to initialize the coupling model calculation subsystem and exchange data among the atmospheric model module, ocean model module, and wave model module based on the forecast time, atmospheric coupling exchange step, ocean coupling exchange step, and wave coupling exchange step read from the configuration file sent by the data collection subsystem. The coupling module receives the configuration file from the data collection subsystem and performs initial parameter configuration on the coupling model calculation subsystem; when the integral calculation of the atmospheric model module reaches the atmospheric coupling exchange step preset in the configuration file, the coupling module obtains atmospheric variables from the atmospheric model module. The atmospheric variables include long-wave radiation, short-wave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, and 10-meter wind data; when the integral calculation of the ocean model module reaches the ocean coupling exchange step preset in the configuration file, the coupling module obtains ocean variables from the ocean model module. The ocean variables include sea surface temperature, sea surface current, water level, water depth, and bottom surface roughness data; when the integral calculation of the wave model module reaches the wave coupling exchange step preset in the configuration file, the coupling module obtains wave variables from the wave model module. The wave variables include significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data; the coupling module exchanges data between the atmospheric model module, the ocean model module, and the wave model module respectively.

[0120] The atmospheric model module is connected to the atmospheric data assimilation module, post-processing subsystem, and coupling module of the data assimilation subsystem. It receives the assimilated atmospheric analysis field (as the initial condition of the numerical equation group in the atmospheric model module) and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field (as the boundary condition of the numerical equation group in the atmospheric model module) from the atmospheric data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem. It performs numerical integration calculations on the non-hydrostatic atmospheric numerical equation group in the atmospheric model module based on the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field to obtain atmospheric variables and atmospheric forecast fields. It sends the atmospheric forecast fields to the post-processing subsystem and passes the long-wave radiation, short-wave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, and 10-meter wind data in the atmospheric variables to the coupling module. Through the coupling module, the long-wave radiation, short-wave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, and precipitation data are passed to the ocean model module, and the 10-meter wind data are passed to the wave model module. It receives ocean variables (including sea surface temperature and sea surface current) and wave variables (including significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data) from the coupling module, updates atmospheric variables, and achieves the purpose of bidirectional coupling at the ocean-atmosphere and wave-atmosphere interfaces (i.e., exchanging variables between the ocean, atmosphere, and waves).

[0121] The ocean model module is connected to the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module of the preprocessing subsystem, the ocean data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem, the post-processing subsystem, and the coupling module. It receives the ocean model grid file from the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module of the preprocessing subsystem, and receives the assimilated ocean analysis field and the assimilated ocean boundary field from the ocean data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem. Based on the assimilated ocean analysis field and the assimilated ocean boundary field, it performs numerical integration calculations on the non-hydrostatic ocean numerical equations in the ocean model module to obtain ocean variables and ocean forecast fields. The ocean forecast fields are sent to the post-processing subsystem, and the sea surface temperature, sea surface current, water level, water depth and bottom surface roughness data in the ocean variables are passed to the coupling module. The sea surface temperature and sea surface current data are passed to the atmospheric model module through the coupling module, and the sea surface current, water level, water depth and bottom surface roughness data are passed to the wave model module. The coupling module receives long-wave radiation, short-wave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, 10-meter wind, significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data from atmospheric variables, updates ocean variables, and achieves the purpose of two-way coupling at the ocean-atmosphere and wave-ocean interfaces.

[0122] The ocean wave model module is connected to the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module of the preprocessing subsystem, the ocean wave hot start preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem, the coupling module, and the postprocessing subsystem. It receives the ocean wave model grid file from the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module of the preprocessing subsystem and the ocean wave boundary field from the ocean wave hot start preprocessing module. It performs numerical integration calculations based on the ocean wave boundary field and the static initial field with a default initial value of zero (or the hot start file hotfile.txt generated by the previous forecast) to obtain ocean wave variables and ocean wave forecast fields. The ocean wave forecast fields are then sent to the postprocessing subsystem. The significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data in the ocean wave variables are passed to the coupling module. The coupling module then passes these significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data to the atmospheric model module and to the ocean model module. The coupling module receives 10-meter wind, sea surface current, water level, water depth, and bottom roughness data from the ocean variables and updates the ocean wave variables, achieving bidirectional coupling at the ocean-wave and wave-ocean interfaces.

[0123] like Figure 5As shown, the post-processing subsystem is connected to the coupled model calculation subsystem, and consists of a regional atmospheric model output post-processing module, a regional ocean model output post-processing module, and a regional wave model output post-processing module. The regional atmospheric model output post-processing module receives the atmospheric forecast field from the atmospheric model module of the coupled model calculation subsystem, extracts the potential height, temperature, relative humidity, horizontal wind field, vertical velocity, cloud water content, cloud ice content and sea level pressure, 2-meter height air temperature, 2-meter relative humidity, visibility, 10-meter height U wind component, 10-meter height V wind component in the atmospheric forecast field, interpolates the components to the standard isobaric surface, and saves them as the first part of the atmospheric forecast field NetCDF file, and extracts the accumulated precipitation and humidity on each vertical layer in the atmospheric forecast field, calculates the accumulated precipitation and radar reflectivity diagnostic analysis quantity at each 3-hour grid point and saves them as the second part of the atmospheric forecast field NetCDF file. The above two parts of the atmospheric forecast field NetCDF files constitute the atmospheric analysis file; the regional ocean model output post-processing module receives the atmospheric forecast field from the coupled model calculation subsystem, and extracts the atmospheric forecast field from the coupled model. The ocean model module of the computation subsystem receives ocean forecast fields, extracts ocean temperature, current, and salinity variables from these forecast fields, and interpolates these data onto depth contours from 0 to 1000 meters. This data is then saved as the first part of the ocean forecast field NetCDF file. The interpolated ocean layer temperatures and salinities are then used to calculate the density and sound speed of each layer, resulting in the second part of the ocean forecast field NetCDF file. These two parts of the ocean forecast field NetCDF file constitute the ocean analysis file. The regional wave model output post-processing module receives the wave forecast field from the wave model module of the coupled model computation subsystem, extracts the significant wave height, wave direction, and period variables from these wave forecast fields, and saves them as separate NetCDF files to create the wave analysis file. The atmospheric analysis file, ocean analysis file, and wave analysis file together constitute the high-precision forecast product output by the regional refined ocean-air-wave coupled numerical prediction system.

[0124] In the second step, the data collection subsystem obtains the configuration file, atmospheric, ocean, and wave-related data from the dedicated database, sends the atmospheric, ocean, and wave-related data to the preprocessing subsystem and data assimilation subsystem respectively, and sends the configuration file to the preprocessing subsystem, data assimilation subsystem, and coupled model calculation subsystem. The method is:

[0125] 2.1 Data Collection Subsystem: The data collection subsystem retrieves the configuration file from the dedicated database, reads the longitude and latitude of the forecast area, and obtains global atmospheric forecast data for a 10-day forecast period starting from the current day. This global atmospheric forecast data is output every three hours, with each output saved as a separate data file. Therefore, the global atmospheric forecast data is a collection of data files. Due to the large volume of global atmospheric forecast data, to reduce storage pressure, the global atmospheric forecast data is first trimmed according to the longitude and latitude of the forecast area. The temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind variable files for the same time period are merged into a single regional atmospheric forecast field. The regional atmospheric forecast field is then saved in standard GRIB format, sorted by date and data source (e.g., "ATMO_2025010100.grb" indicates ATMO data from 00:00 on January 1, 2025). This regional atmospheric forecast field is then sent to the atmospheric preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem.

[0126] 2.2 The data collection subsystem obtains global ocean forecast field data from the dedicated database, which is reported from the current day, has a forecast duration of 10 days, and an output frequency of one day. The global ocean forecast field data outputs sea temperature, salinity, sea surface height, and current field variables each time and is saved as sea temperature, salinity, sea surface height, and current field variable data files respectively. Therefore, the global ocean forecast field data is a collection of a set of data files (i.e., there are 10 time-scale data, and each time-scale has four independent small files of sea temperature, salinity, sea surface height, and current field vector). According to the scope of the forecast area, the sea temperature, salinity, sea surface height, and current field variable files of the same time-scale are merged into a regional ocean forecast field. According to the date and data source, they are saved in a set of standard NetCDF formats, and the regional ocean forecast field is sent to the ocean preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem.

[0127] 2.3 The data collection subsystem obtains global ocean wave forecast data from a dedicated database, with a daily output frequency and a forecast duration of 10 days. The global ocean wave forecast data outputs significant wave height, wave period, wavelength, and wave direction variables and saves them as separate data files for significant wave height, wave period, wavelength, and wave direction variables. Therefore, the global ocean wave forecast data is a collection of data files. The significant wave height, wave period, wavelength, and wave direction variable files are tailored to the forecast area, merged into regional ocean wave forecast fields, and saved in standard NetCDF format according to date and data source. The regional ocean wave forecast fields are then sent to the ocean wave hot start preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem.

[0128] 2.4 The data collection subsystem obtains high-precision terrain data and tidal data from the dedicated database. High-precision terrain data, such as the ETOP2 dataset and the GEO dataset, include water depth, rivers, lakes, forests, grasslands, ice and snow surfaces, deserts, land surfaces, and corresponding soil temperature and soil moisture information. Tidal data comes from the TPXO tidal data provided by Oregon State University (OSU), which includes four semi-diurnal tides: M2, S2, N2, K2, four diurnal tides K1, O1, P1, Q1, and tidal information such as Mf, Mm, M4, MS4, and MN4, with a resolution of 0.25°×0.25°. The high-precision terrain data and tidal data are sent to the ocean preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem;

[0129] 2.5 The data collection subsystem obtains real-time atmospheric and ocean observation data from the dedicated database, processes the atmospheric real-time observation data into binary files, renames them according to the data source and date (UTC), and files them in NetCDF format (for example, "KTYY_2025010100.txt" indicates that the data is from KTYY and the date is 00:00 on January 1, 2025). This results in atmospheric observation files; the real-time ocean observation data is processed into binary files, renames them according to the data source, and files them in NetCDF format. This results in ocean observation files. The atmospheric observation files are sent to the atmospheric data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem, and the ocean observation files are sent to the ocean data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem.

[0130] 2.6 The data collection subsystem obtains the configuration file from the dedicated database and sends it to the preprocessing subsystem, data assimilation subsystem and coupled model calculation subsystem.

[0131] In the third step, the regional sea wave grid generation module of the pre-processing subsystem receives the configuration file from the data collection subsystem, reads the configuration file parameters from the configuration file (including the forecast time, longitude and latitude of the forecast area, center longitude and latitude, reference longitude and latitude, map projection mode, number of grid points of the atmospheric model, number of grid points of the ocean model, number of grid points of the wave model, and grid resolution of the atmospheric model module, grid resolution of the ocean model module, and grid resolution of the wave model module), receives the locally smoothed terrain data from the high-precision terrain processing module of the pre-processing subsystem, and generates the atmospheric model grid file, ocean model grid file, and wave model grid file. The method is:

[0132] 3.1 The regional sea wave grid generation module reads the atmospheric model's forecast area longitude and latitude, center longitude and latitude, reference longitude and latitude, map projection mode, number of atmospheric model grid points, and grid resolution of the atmospheric model module from the configuration file, generates the atmospheric model initial grid, and saves it as a NetCDF format file;

[0133] 3.2 The regional sea wave grid generation module reads the longitude and latitude of the ocean model forecast area, the map projection mode, the number of ocean model grid points, and the grid resolution of the ocean model module from the configuration file, generates the initial ocean model grid, and saves it as a NetCDF format file;

[0134] 3.3 The regional ocean wave grid generation module reads the latitude and longitude of the forecast area and the number of grid points of the ocean wave model from the configuration file, generates the initial grid of the ocean wave model, and saves it as a data file with the suffix grb according to the format requirements of the ocean wave model;

[0135] 3.4 The high-precision terrain processing module receives high-precision terrain data from the data collection subsystem, performs linear filtering and smoothing on ocean points and grid points with large terrain gradients (i.e., large water depth changes) in the high-precision terrain data, marks rivers and waterways, and classifies and archives terrain data of different land types and different resolutions to obtain locally smoothed atmospheric and ocean terrain data, which are then sent to the regional sea-air wave grid generation module.

[0136] 3.5 The regional sea-air wave grid generation module receives the smoothed atmospheric and ocean terrain data from the high-precision terrain processing module and processes the initial grids of the atmospheric model, ocean model, and ocean wave model according to the terrain type, land-sea boundary, and river and waterway type in the terrain data:

[0137] 3.5.1 Assign sea and land masks to the initial grids of the atmospheric model, ocean model, and wave model, marking ocean points as 1 and land points as 0. At the same time, mark waterways at the mouths of rivers, with waterway locations as 1 and coastal land as 0.

[0138] 3.5.2 Interpolate the altitude of the smoothed atmospheric terrain data, different land types (including rivers, lakes, forests, grasslands, ice and snow surfaces, deserts, and land surfaces), and the corresponding soil temperature and soil moisture information to the atmospheric model initial grid to generate the atmospheric model grid file;

[0139] 3.5.3 Interpolate the water depth, sea route boundary, and river channel information of the smoothed ocean terrain data onto the initial grid of the ocean model and the initial grid of the wave model to generate the ocean model grid file and the wave model grid file;

[0140] 3.6 The regional sea-air wave grid generation module sends the atmospheric model grid file to the atmospheric preprocessing module, sends the ocean model grid file to the ocean preprocessing module, and sends the wave grid file to the wave hot start preprocessing module.

[0141] In the fourth step, the atmospheric preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem receives the configuration file and regional atmospheric forecast field from the data collection subsystem, receives the atmospheric model grid file from the regional sea wave grid generation module, decodes and interpolates the regional atmospheric forecast field, obtains the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field, and sends the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field to the data assimilation subsystem. The method is:

[0142] 4.1 The atmospheric preprocessing module receives the configuration file and regional atmospheric forecast field from the data collection subsystem, and receives the atmospheric model grid file from the regional sea wave grid generation module;

[0143] 4.2 The atmospheric preprocessing module links the regional atmospheric forecast field to the working directory. Since the regional atmospheric forecast field file name contains time, symbol, and variable identifiers, the file name is too long and difficult to process in batches. First, all data in the regional atmospheric forecast field are renamed in the form of soft links according to the file type and English letters, and in the data format (GRIBFILE) plus alphabetical order (for example, GRIBFILE.AAA represents the file ATMO_GG_2022083118.grb).

[0144] The 4.3 Atmospheric Preprocessing Module creates a variable table based on the variable types and names of the global atmospheric forecast field data (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and geopotential height). This table decodes and interpolates the global atmospheric forecast field data using the WPS (WRF Preprocessing System). This variable table records the GRIB code, variable name, unit, and number of layers of the global atmospheric forecast field data. This information serves as the basis for subsequent variable interpolation processing in the regional atmospheric model.

[0145] 4.4 The atmospheric preprocessing module reads the latitude and longitude of the forecast area from the configuration file, extracts the required variables (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and geopotential height variables) from the GRIB code of the global atmospheric forecast field according to the variable table, and writes them into the intermediate format file to form the intermediate format meteorological data;

[0146] 4.5 The atmospheric preprocessing module uses the interpolation algorithm in the WRF model to horizontally interpolate the intermediate format meteorological data onto the atmospheric model grid file to produce the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field;

[0147] 4.6 The atmospheric preprocessing module sends the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field to the data assimilation subsystem.

[0148] In the fifth step, the ocean preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem receives the configuration file, regional ocean forecast field, tidal data and regional atmospheric forecast field from the data collection subsystem, receives the ocean model grid file from the regional sea-air wave grid generation module, performs interpolation preprocessing on the regional ocean forecast field, tidal data and regional atmospheric forecast field to obtain the atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field and ocean boundary field, sends the ocean model grid file, atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field and ocean boundary field to the data assimilation subsystem, and sends the ocean model grid file to the coupled model calculation subsystem. The method is:

[0149] 5.1 The ocean preprocessing module receives configuration files, regional ocean forecast fields, tidal data, and regional atmospheric forecast fields from the data collection subsystem, and receives ocean model grid files from the regional sea-air wave grid generation module;

[0150] 5.2 The ocean preprocessing module filters the regional ocean forecast field according to the grid point positions in the grid file, identifies the default data at the corresponding grid point positions as outliers, marks them as NAN, obtains the filtered regional ocean forecast field and saves it as a temporary file in NetCDF format;

[0151] 5.3 The ocean preprocessing module interpolates the filtered regional ocean forecast field based on the ocean model grid file to generate the ocean initial field and ocean boundary field;

[0152] 5.4 The ocean preprocessing module interpolates the regional atmospheric forecast field to generate the atmospheric forcing field;

[0153] 5.5 The ocean preprocessing module sends the atmospheric forcing field, ocean model initial field, ocean boundary field and ocean model grid file to the data assimilation subsystem, and sends the ocean model grid file to the coupled model calculation subsystem.

[0154] In the sixth step, the preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem obtains the regional wave forecast field from the data collection subsystem, receives the wave pattern grid file from the regional sea-air wave grid generation module, interpolates the regional wave forecast field to obtain the wave boundary field, and sends the wave boundary field and wave pattern grid file to the coupled mode calculation subsystem. The method is:

[0155] 6.1 The ocean wave hot start preprocessing module receives the regional ocean wave forecast field from the data collection subsystem and the ocean wave model grid file from the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module;

[0156] 6.2 The wave preprocessing module interpolates the regional wave forecast field based on the wave pattern grid file to generate the wave boundary field;

[0157] 6.3 The wave hot start preprocessing module sends the wave boundary field and wave model grid file to the coupled mode calculation subsystem.

[0158] In the seventh step, the atmospheric data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem receives the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field from the atmospheric preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem, receives the atmospheric observation file and configuration file from the data collection subsystem, pre-processes the atmospheric observation file to obtain the atmospheric observation temporary data file, calculates the background error covariance of the simulation area to obtain the background error covariance matrix, and finally performs regional atmospheric three-dimensional variational assimilation to obtain the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field, and sends the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field to the coupled model calculation subsystem. The method is:

[0159] 7.1 The atmospheric data pre-processing submodule receives atmospheric observation files and configuration files from the data collection subsystem, converts the various observation data files in the atmospheric observation files into ASCII or PREPBUFR formats that can be recognized by the atmospheric assimilation submodule; saves the observation error files in the atmospheric observation files into a text file (such as obserr.txt) and sends it to the atmospheric assimilation submodule;

[0160] 7.2 The atmospheric data pre-processing submodule removes observations from atmospheric observation files that are not within the assimilation region and assimilation time window in the configuration file, reorders the variable data in the atmospheric observation file by time, calculates air pressure or altitude from the observed variables using the hydrostatic assumption, checks the vertical consistency and superadiabatic conditions of multi-layer observation variables, sets observation errors based on the observation error file in the atmospheric observation data, obtains the atmospheric observation temporary data file, and sends it to the atmospheric assimilation submodule;

[0161] 7.3 Background Error Covariance Submodule randomly generates a set of background field perturbations, standardizes each perturbation (ensuring that its mean is zero), generates standardized perturbations, and then uses the standardized perturbations to calculate the background error covariance matrix, which is: Where N is the number of perturbations (N=20 in the embodiment), is a randomly generated standardized disturbance, T represents the matrix transpose operation, and the background error covariance matrix B is sent to the atmospheric assimilation submodule;

[0162] 7.4 The atmospheric assimilation submodule receives the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field from the preprocessing subsystem, receives the atmospheric observation temporary data file from the atmospheric data preprocessing submodule, receives the background error covariance matrix from the background error covariance submodule, performs three-dimensional variational assimilation, obtains the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field, and sends the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field to the atmospheric model module of the coupled model calculation subsystem.

[0163] In the eighth step, the ocean data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem receives the ocean observation files and configuration files from the data collection subsystem, and receives the atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field, ocean boundary field, and ocean model grid file from the ocean preprocessing module. It performs regional ocean four-dimensional variational assimilation on the ocean observation files to obtain the assimilated ocean analysis field and assimilated ocean boundary field, and sends the assimilated ocean analysis field and assimilated ocean boundary field to the coupled model calculation subsystem. The method is:

[0164] 8.1 The ocean data pre-processing submodule of the ocean data assimilation module receives ocean observation files and configuration files from the data collection subsystem, sets them according to the assimilation region, assimilation time window, and assimilated variable names in the configuration files, removes observations that are not within the assimilation region and assimilation time window in the ocean observation files, and removes values ​​recorded as default values ​​(e.g., 9999) in the ocean observation files to obtain valid ocean observation files. These valid ocean observation files are reordered and integrated according to the assimilation region, assimilation time window, and assimilated variable names to generate ocean observation temporary data files, and then sent to the four-dimensional variable submodule;

[0165] 8.2 The four-dimensional variational submodule receives the atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field, ocean boundary field, and ocean model grid file from the preprocessing subsystem, and receives the ocean observation temporary data file from the ocean data preprocessing submodule. It performs incremental four-dimensional variational calculations on the ocean observation temporary data file, generates the assimilated ocean analysis field and the assimilated ocean boundary field, and sends the assimilated ocean analysis field and the assimilated ocean boundary field to the coupled model calculation subsystem. The specific method is:

[0166] 8.2.1 The four-dimensional variable molecule module performs grid sparse processing on the ocean model grid file to obtain a low-resolution ocean grid file;

[0167] 8.2.2 The four-dimensional variable submodule interpolates the atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field, and ocean boundary field into the low-resolution ocean grid file to obtain the low-resolution atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field, and ocean boundary field;

[0168] 8.2.3 The 4D variational submodule extracts the observation location and time from the ocean observation file, performs low-resolution 4D variational assimilation calculations on the low-resolution atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field, ocean boundary field, and ocean observation temporary data file at the observation time, obtains the low-resolution 4D variational analysis increment, and stores the low-resolution 4D variational analysis increment as a temporary file in NetCDF format;

[0169] 8.2.4 The 4D variational submodule uses the low-resolution 4D variational analysis increment and the ocean model grid file to obtain the high-resolution 4D variational analysis increment through linear interpolation and stores it as a temporary file in NetCDF format;

[0170] 8.2.5 The four-dimensional variation submodule adds the high-resolution four-dimensional variational analysis increment to the high-resolution background field in the ocean observation file (the high-resolution background field is the climate state statistics result of the ocean model, which comes from the ocean observation file sent by the data collection subsystem) to obtain the high-resolution assimilated ocean analysis field and assimilated ocean boundary field, and sends the assimilated ocean analysis field and assimilated ocean boundary field to the coupled model calculation subsystem.

[0171] In the ninth step, the coupled model calculation subsystem receives the assimilated atmospheric analysis field, assimilated atmospheric boundary field, assimilated ocean analysis field, and assimilated ocean boundary field from the data assimilation subsystem, receives the configuration file from the data collection subsystem, and receives the ocean model grid file, wave model grid file, and wave boundary field from the preprocessing subsystem. The coupling module initializes the subsystem parameter configuration and starts the atmospheric model module (WRF), ocean model module (CROCO), and wave model module (ECWAM). The state equations of the atmosphere, ocean, and waves are integrated respectively. The variables of the three model modules are exchanged through the coupling module to obtain the forecast fields of the atmosphere, ocean, and waves and send them to the post-processing subsystem. The specific method is:

[0172] 9.1 The coupling module receives the configuration file from the data collection subsystem, and configures the working directory of the coupled model calculation subsystem, the number of parallel nodes, and the integration start date (t s ) and the integral expiration date (t e ), atmospheric model module integration step (Ta), ocean model module integration step (To), wave model module integration step (Tw), atmospheric coupling exchange step (Tca), ocean coupling exchange step (Tco), wave coupling exchange step (Tcw), output path and output frequency for initial parameter configuration, and send a start signal to the atmospheric model module, ocean model module and wave model module;

[0173] 9.2 After receiving the start signal, the atmospheric model module, ocean model module, and wave model module each perform the start-up integral calculation, output the coupled variables, and output the corresponding forecast fields in parallel. The atmospheric model module executes step 9.2.1, the ocean model module executes step 9.2.2, and the wave integral module executes step 9.2.3. The three model modules perform the integral calculations in parallel.

[0174] 9.2.1 The atmospheric model module receives the start signal from the coupling module and the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and assimilated atmospheric boundary field from the atmospheric data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem. The assimilated atmospheric analysis field is used as the initial value of the state equation group in the atmospheric model module, and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field is used as the boundary condition of the state equation group in the atmospheric model module. The non-hydrostatic atmospheric model integral calculation is started to obtain the atmospheric forecast field. The method is:

[0175] 9.2.1.1 Initialize the atmospheric model module and start integration on date t s At 00 o'clock (universal time), the initial integration step n = 0. When Ta is the integration step of the atmospheric model module, n(Ta) is the current total integration time of the atmospheric model module at the initial moment 0;

[0176] 9.2.1.2 Let n = n + 1, the atmospheric model module performs non-hydrostatic atmospheric model integration calculation to obtain the atmospheric forecast field, which is a NetCDF format file. As the number of integration steps n increases, the time of the atmospheric model module integration result increases from t s As the time of each integration step Ta continues to move backward from 00:00 (UTC), the integration results in the atmospheric forecast field continue to increase.

[0177] 9.2.1.3 Let n(Ta) = total time for atmospheric model module integration calculation. If n(Ta) = t e -t s , the atmospheric model module integration is completed, the atmospheric forecast field is sent to the post-processing subsystem, the integration completion signal is sent to the coupling module, and step 9.3 is turned to; if n(Ta) <t e -t s , go to step 9.2.1.4;

[0178] 9.2.1.4 If n(Ta) <t e -t s If nTa is an integer multiple of the atmospheric coupling exchange step (Tca), the atmospheric model module sends longwave radiation, shortwave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, and 10-meter wind to the coupling module. At the same time, the atmospheric model module receives the sea surface temperature and significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data sent by the coupling module, replaces the corresponding variables in the atmospheric model module with the received sea surface temperature and significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data, and goes to step 9.2.1.2 to perform the non-hydrostatic atmospheric model integration for step n+1. If n(Ta) <t e -t s If n(Ta) is not an integer multiple of Tca, no data output or exchange is performed, and the process goes directly to step 9.2.1.2 to perform the integral calculation for the n+1th time step.

[0179] 9.2.2 The ocean model module receives the start signal from the coupling module, receives the ocean model grid file from the ocean preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem, receives the assimilated ocean analysis field (as the initial condition of the ocean state equation group in the ocean model module) and the assimilated ocean boundary field (as the boundary condition of the ocean state equation group in the ocean model module) from the ocean data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem, starts the non-hydrostatic ocean model integral calculation, and obtains the ocean forecast field.

[0180] 9.2.2.1 Initialize the ocean model module and start integration on date t s At 00:00 (UTC), the initial integration step n = 0. When To is the integration step of the ocean model module, n(To) is the total integration time of the ocean model module at the initial moment, 0;

[0181] 9.2.2.2 Let n = n + 1, the ocean model module performs non-hydrostatic ocean state numerical integration (i.e. non-hydrostatic ocean model integration) to obtain the ocean forecast field, which is a NetCDF format file. As the number of integration steps n increases, the time of the ocean model module integration result increases from t s As the time of each integration step To continues to move backward at 00:00, the integration results in the ocean forecast field continue to increase.

[0182] 9.2.2.3 Let n(To) = total time for ocean model module integration calculation. If n(To) = t e -t s , then the ocean model module integration is completed, the ocean forecast field is sent to the post-processing subsystem, the integration completion signal is sent to the coupling module, and then go to step 9.3; if n(To) <t e -t s , go to step 9.2.2.4;

[0183] 9.2.2.4If n(To) <t e -t s If n(To) is an integer multiple of the ocean coupling exchange step (Tco), the ocean model module sends the sea surface temperature, sea surface current, water level, water depth, and bottom roughness data to the coupling module. At the same time, the ocean model module receives the longwave radiation, shortwave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, 10-meter wind, significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data sent by the coupling module, replaces the corresponding variables in the ocean model module with the received longwave radiation, shortwave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, 10-meter wind, significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data, and goes to step 9.2.2.2 to perform the n+1 step non-hydrostatic ocean model integration. If n(To) is <t e -t sIf n(To) is not an integer multiple of Tco, no data output or exchange is performed, and the process goes directly to step 9.2.2.2 to perform the integral calculation for the n+1th time step.

[0184] 9.2.3 After the wave model receives the start signal, the module receives the wave model grid file and wave boundary field file from the wave hot start preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem and starts the numerical integration calculation of the wave state.

[0185] 9.2.3.1 Initialize the wave model module and start the integration on date t s At 00:00 (UTC), the initial integration step n = 0. When Tw is the integration step length of the wave model module, n(Tw) is the total integration time of the wave model module at the initial moment, 0. Determine whether the wave initial field file hotfile.txt exists in the current working directory (this file is a temporary file generated after the previous integration is completed; if the previous integration does not exist, this file will not exist). If hotfile.txt exists, the wave model module reads hotfile.txt as the initial condition for the wave spectrum equation in the wave model module at time n = 0, and proceed to step 9.2.3.2. If hotfile.txt does not exist, initialize the initial values ​​of the wave height, wavelength, wave period, wave direction parameters, and wave energy spectrum of the wave spectrum equation in the wave model module to 0, and proceed to step 9.2.3.2.

[0186] 9.2.3.2 Let n = n + 1, and the wave model module performs numerical integration calculations on the wave state to obtain the wave forecast field, which is a NetCDF format file. As the number of integration steps n increases, the time of the wave model module integration result increases from t s As the time of each integration step Tw continues to move backward at 00 o'clock, the integration results in the wave forecast field continue to increase.

[0187] 9.2.3.3 Let n(Tw) = total time for wave model module integration calculation. If n(Tw) = t e -t s , the integration of the wave model module is completed, the wave forecast field is sent to the post-processing subsystem, and the integration completion signal is sent to the coupling module. At the same time, a wave hot start text file is generated and saved as a temporary file hotfile.txt. It is temporarily stored in the current working directory and used as the initial state field in the wave model module when the coupling forecast is started next time (the main content of the hotfile.txt file is wave state information, including wave height, wavelength, wave period, wave direction parameters, wave energy spectrum; boundary information, including sea surface wind field; grid information, including grid spatial resolution and layout information). Go to step 9.3. If n(Tw) <t e -t s , go to step 9.2.3.4;

[0188] 9.2.3.4 If n(Tw) <t e -t s If n(Tw) is an integer multiple of the wave coupling exchange step length (Tcw), the wave model module sends the significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data to the coupling module. At the same time, the ocean model module receives the 10-meter wind, sea surface current, water level, water depth, and bottom surface roughness data sent by the coupling module, replaces the corresponding variables in the wave model module with the received 10-meter wind, sea surface current, water level, water depth, and bottom surface roughness data, and goes to step 9.2.3.2 to perform the n+1 step wave model integration. If n(Tw) <t e -t s If n(Tw)≠an integer multiple of Tcw, no data output or exchange is performed, and the process goes directly to step 9.2.3.2 to perform the integral calculation for the n+1th time step.

[0189] 9.3 If the coupling module receives the integration completion signal from the atmosphere, ocean, and wave model modules, the coupling model calculation process ends and the work log text file log.txt is output to save basic information during system operation, which is convenient for future inspection or query records when errors occur. The content of the log.txt file includes the number of parallel cores of the three modes, the initial state of the atmosphere model module, the initial state of the ocean model module, the initial state of the wave model module, the integration time, the name of the coupling variable, and the integration end signal.

[0190] In the tenth step, the post-processing subsystem receives the atmospheric forecast field, ocean forecast field, and wave forecast field from the coupled model calculation subsystem, performs interpolation or diagnostic calculation on the atmospheric forecast field, ocean forecast field, and wave forecast field, and generates regional refined ocean-air-wave coupled numerical forecast products. The method is:

[0191] 10.1 The regional atmospheric model output post-processing module receives the atmospheric forecast field from the atmospheric model module of the coupled model calculation subsystem, extracts the potential height, temperature, relative humidity, horizontal wind field, vertical velocity, cloud water content, cloud ice content, sea level pressure, 2-meter height air temperature, 2-meter relative humidity, visibility, 10-meter height U wind component, and 10-meter height V wind component from the atmospheric forecast field, interpolates these components onto the standard isobaric surface, and saves them as the first part of the atmospheric forecast field NetCDF file. It also extracts the accumulated precipitation and humidity at each vertical layer from the atmospheric forecast field, calculates the accumulated precipitation and radar reflectivity diagnostic analysis value at each 3-hour grid point, and saves them as the second part of the atmospheric forecast field NetCDF file. The above two parts of the atmospheric forecast field NetCDF files constitute the atmospheric analysis file.

[0192] 10.2 The Regional Ocean Model Output Post-Processing Module receives the ocean forecast field from the ocean model module of the coupled model calculation subsystem, extracts the ocean temperature, current field, and salinity variables in the ocean forecast field, and interpolates them to the depth isobaths from 0m to 1000m. The resulting data include sea surface temperature, current direction, current velocity, temperature of each ocean layer, salinity, and current field, and saves them as the first part of the ocean forecast field NetCDF file. Using the interpolated ocean layer temperature and salinity, the density and sound speed of each ocean layer are calculated to obtain the second part of the ocean forecast field NetCDF file. These two parts of the ocean forecast field NetCDF file constitute the ocean analysis file.

[0193] The 10.3 Regional Wave Model Output Post-Processing Module receives the wave forecast field from the wave model module of the coupled model calculation subsystem, extracts the significant wave height, wave direction, wave speed, and period from the wave forecast field, and saves them as separate NetCDF files to generate the wave analysis file. The atmospheric analysis file, ocean analysis file, and wave analysis file constitute the high-precision forecast product output by the regional refined ocean-air-wave coupled numerical prediction system.

[0194] To verify the effect of the present invention, the following experiments were performed:

[0195] Hardware requirements: Galaxy high-performance computer system with Red Hat 7.5 operating system, Intel compiler version 19.0.0.117 supporting C, C++, Fortran 77, and Fortran 90, and support for a parallel computing environment. The computer terminal operating system must be Windows 10.

[0196] During the experiment, the configuration file obtained in the second step is set to the directory where the current model is located, the forecast period is from March 10, 2025 to March 15, 2025, the longitude and latitude of the forecast area are 0-45°N, 103-150°E, the central longitude and latitude are 22.5°N, 123.0°N, Lambert projection, the atmospheric model grid resolution is 1km, the grid points are (5463×5283), and the atmospheric model module step size is 5 seconds; the ocean model grid resolution is 1km, the grid points are (5463×5283), and the ocean The model module step size is 15 seconds; the resolution of the wave model grid is 1 km, the number of grid points is (5463×5283), and the wave model module step size is 60 seconds; the atmospheric coupling exchange step size is 120 seconds, the ocean coupling exchange step size is 120 seconds, and the wave coupling exchange step size is 120 seconds; the assimilation area is 0-45°N, 103-150°E, the assimilation time window is 6 hours, and the assimilated variables are named: atmospheric vorticity, divergence, temperature, surface air pressure, specific humidity, sea surface height anomaly, sea surface temperature and sea surface salinity; the number of perturbations N in the 7.3 step is 20.

[0197] The regional refined sea-air wave coupling numerical prediction system constructed in the first step of the present invention obtains the global atmospheric forecast field from the dedicated database, which is the GFS (resolution 0.25°, about 25km) product data released by the US Environmental Forecast Center, the global ocean forecast field is the PSY (resolution 1 / 12° about 9km) released by the European Copernicus Ocean Service Center, the global wave forecast field comes from the global wave forecast data released by the European Copernicus Ocean Service Center (resolution 0.2° about 20km), and the tidal data comes from the TPXO tidal data provided by Oregon State University (OSU), including four semi-diurnal tides: M2, S2, N2, K2, four diurnal tides K1, O1, P1, Q1, and Mf, Mm, M4, MS4, MN4 equal tidal information, with a resolution of 0.25°×0.25°, and high-precision terrain is ETOP2 and Geo data package (including elevation data USGS GMTED2010, SRTM, GTOPO30, ASTER GDEM; land use type data MODIS, USGS Land Use / Land Cover Data; water vegetation cover and soil type data). Real-time atmospheric observation data include conventional ground observation data, including temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, precipitation) and satellite remote sensing observation data, including microwave radiometer data (US AMSU-A, AMSU-B, HIRS, IASI and China FY series) and microwave scatterometer data. Real-time ocean observation data include sea surface height, sea surface temperature and salinity, flow field and other data from buoy observations, ship observations and satellite observations). The regional refined ocean-air-wave coupled numerical prediction system performs steps 2 to 10 on the data obtained from the dedicated database to obtain regional atmosphere, ocean and wave coupled forecast products with a horizontal resolution of 1 km. Atmospheric forecast products include atmospheric analysis files, ocean analysis files and wave analysis files. The atmospheric analysis file includes the forecasted geopotential height, temperature, relative humidity, horizontal wind field, vertical velocity, cloud water content, cloud ice content, sea level pressure, 2-meter altitude air temperature, 2-meter relative humidity, visibility, 10-meter altitude U wind component, 10-meter altitude V wind component, as well as accumulated precipitation and radar reflectivity diagnostic analysis at each 3-hour grid point. The ocean analysis file includes sea surface temperature, surface current direction, surface current velocity, and temperature, salinity, current field, density, and sound speed of each layer of the ocean from sea level to 1000 meters. The wave analysis file includes significant wave height, wave direction, wave speed, and period.

[0198] As shown in Table 1, the Shanghai Typhoon Institute of the China Meteorological Administration launched a regional sea-air-wave coupled typhoon forecast system in 2019. The atmospheric model resolution was 27 km, which was insufficient for refined forecasting (see Lei Xiaotu et al., "A New Generation of Regional Sea-Air-Wave Coupled Typhoon Forecast System," 2019). The current regional sea-air coupled operational forecast system proposed by the China Meteorological Administration (which lacks a coupled ocean wave model and therefore lacks wave-atmosphere and wave-current coupling processes) has a resolution of 3 km for the atmosphere and 3-5 km for the ocean. Furthermore, the US Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS) has an atmospheric model with a three-layer nested grid resolution of 18 / 6 / 2 km and an ocean model resolution of 1 / 12° (approximately 9 km). It lacks ocean assimilation and online bidirectional coupling of tidal currents and waves (see Andrew Hazelton et al., 2022, "Real-time Hurricane Forecasts from an Experimental Version of the Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFSV0.3S)" and Andrew Hazelton et al., 2022, "Real-time Hurricane Forecasts from an Experimental Version of the Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFSV0.3S)," 2023). This system is primarily designed for hurricane forecasting and does not require marine environmental forecasts. Therefore, the resolution of its coupled ocean model module is approximately 9 km. Furthermore, the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave Prediction System (COAMPS) proposed by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has a local resolution approaching 3 km, but its ocean model uses the hydrostatic ocean NCOM model, with a resolution of approximately 1-10 km. Furthermore, both Météo-France and the Japan Meteorological Agency have launched operational regional coupled ocean-atmosphere forecast systems. Météo-France has not disclosed the resolution of its regional products, but its coupled forecast products for the Mediterranean region show a resolution of approximately 10-25 km for atmospheric forecast products and 2-10 km for ocean products. However, these products lack online coupling of tidal currents and waves, and are unable to fully characterize ocean-atmosphere-wave interactions. The Japan Meteorological Agency's operational regional coupled forecast system provides atmospheric forecast products with a resolution of 5-20 km, while its ocean forecast products, output through a hydrostatic ocean model, have a resolution of approximately 2-10 km and lack online coupled wave forecasting capabilities.As shown in Table 1, the present invention uses a refined model grid with a resolution of 1 km. Compared with low-resolution forecast systems, it can reflect more small and medium-scale processes in the atmosphere and ocean, reducing the uncertainty caused by low-resolution models. At the same time, the high-frequency two-minute bidirectional coupling can also more accurately characterize the interaction between the atmosphere, ocean, and waves, especially in the forecast of high-impact weather processes, which has significant advantages.

[0199] Table 1 Comparison of forecasting effects between the present invention and the forecasting methods of the main regional forecasting systems

[0200]

[0201]

[0202] Studies have shown that compared with hydrostatic ocean models (see Xiaoyu Fan et al. Comparison of the Coastal and Regional Ocean Community model (CROCO) and NCAR-LES in non-hydrostatic simulations; Xiaoyu Fan et al., Comparison of the Coastal and Regional Ocean Community model (CROCO) and NCAR-LES in non-hydrostatic simulations), non-hydrostatic ocean models are more suitable for simulating small and medium-scale ocean processes and ocean internal waves than hydrostatic models. Therefore, the use of the non-hydrostatic ocean model CROCO in the present invention is more suitable for high-resolution forecasting requirements and can more accurately simulate refined ocean processes such as internal waves, small and medium-scale eddies in the ocean.

[0203] Research shows that the third-generation wave model (Wave Watch III, WWIII) is currently the primary model used in operational ocean wave forecasting. This model is generally more suitable for global ocean wave simulation and forecasting, while the SWAN model in this invention is more advantageous for nearshore wave simulation. This is primarily due to the SWAN model's more physical parameterized adaptation to the friction effects of the seafloor. When seafloor friction is negligible, the SWAN model's simulation of deepwater waves is comparable to that of WWIII. Therefore, using the SWAN model in this invention for ocean wave forecasting provides more accurate forecasts for coastal areas. Furthermore, using high-resolution grids can further refine wave forecast results.

[0204] The present invention adds a hot start cycle for the SWAN mode module, ensuring that the initial wave field is closer to reality (compared to an initial field of all zeros). Without the hot start cycle, the common practice is to advance the forecast time by at least two days (with the forecast end time unchanged) to obtain a relatively realistic wave field through the coupled forecast of the previous two days. However, this wastes a lot of computing time. Therefore, the use of the present invention's hot start method can significantly shorten the wall clock time required for conventional forecasts.

[0205] In the third and fourth steps of the present invention, when generating the ocean model grid file, the ETOP2 terrain is first smoothly interpolated to ensure the stable integration of the ocean model module in areas with relatively steep terrain. However, since the resolution of the ocean model grid (3 km) is higher than that of ETOP2 (about 3.7 km), the rivers and waterways within the longitude and latitude of the forecast area are marked and processed accordingly, which is more in line with actual geographic information and more conducive to calculations at river estuaries. This method is more suitable for refined simulation than without corresponding terrain processing.

[0206] The seventh step, through the data assimilation subsystem, enables the assimilation of multi-source satellite observations. This is not yet possible in current research-based coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave models (such as Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST)), nor is ocean data assimilation implemented in the currently known operational regional coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave forecast system (HAFS). Research has shown that using data assimilation techniques can significantly improve the initial field accuracy of atmospheric and ocean model modules.

[0207] In the ninth step, a domestically produced coupler is used to initialize the process of the coupled mode calculation subsystem, especially to control the number of parallel computing nodes of the atmospheric model module, ocean model module and wave model module, and to assign different processes to perform independent calculations. At the same time, it can quickly complete the pairwise exchange of coupled physical quantities between the atmospheric, ocean and wave component model modules in a smaller coupling step (such as 2 minutes), solving the problem that the boundary conditions of a single model cannot be updated quickly in the current business forecasting method, thereby obtaining a more accurate forecast result.

Claims

1. A regional refined ocean-air-wave coupling numerical prediction method based on a non-hydrostatic model, characterized by The following steps are involved: The first step is to build a regional refined ocean-air-wave coupled numerical prediction system, which consists of a data collection subsystem, a preprocessing subsystem, a data assimilation subsystem, a coupled model calculation subsystem, and a post-processing subsystem. The data collection subsystem is connected to the dedicated database, preprocessing subsystem, and data assimilation subsystem. It reads configuration files, global atmospheric forecast field data, global wave forecast field data, global ocean forecast field data, high-precision terrain data, tidal data, atmospheric real-time observation data, and ocean real-time observation data from the dedicated database. The global atmospheric forecast field data is clipped according to the longitude and latitude of the forecast area read from the configuration file, and the three-dimensional temperature, geopotential height, relative humidity, and wind vector field variable files are merged into the global atmospheric forecast field variable file. The regional atmospheric forecast field is generated according to the date and data source. The global ocean forecast field data is clipped according to the forecast area range, and the sea temperature, salinity, sea surface height, and flow field variable files are merged into the global ocean forecast field variable file to obtain the regional ocean forecast field. The global wave forecast field data is clipped according to the forecast area range. The forecast area is trimmed and archived, and the effective wave height, wave period, wavelength and wave direction variables are merged to obtain the regional wave forecast field; the atmospheric real-time observation data are classified and processed, and the atmospheric real-time observation data are renamed as atmospheric observation files according to the data source; the ocean real-time observation data are classified and processed, and the ocean real-time observation data are renamed as ocean observation files according to the data source or type; the generated regional atmospheric forecast field, regional wave forecast field, regional ocean forecast field, and tidal data and high-precision terrain data obtained from the dedicated database are sent to the preprocessing subsystem, and the atmospheric observation file and ocean observation file are sent to the data assimilation subsystem; the content of the configuration file includes: working directory, longitude and latitude of the forecast area, central longitude and latitude, reference longitude and latitude, number of parallel nodes, map projection mode, forecast time, i.e., integration start date t s and the integral expiration date t e , grid resolution and grid point number of the atmospheric model module, grid resolution and grid point number of the ocean model module, grid resolution and grid point number of the wave model module, integration step size Ta of the atmospheric model module, integration step size To of the ocean model module, integration step size Tw of the wave model module, atmospheric coupling exchange step size Tca, ocean coupling exchange step size Tco, wave coupling exchange step size Tcw, output path and output frequency, assimilation area, assimilation time window and assimilated variable name; send the configuration file to the preprocessing subsystem, data assimilation subsystem and coupled model calculation subsystem; The preprocessing subsystem is connected to the data collection subsystem, data assimilation subsystem and coupled model calculation subsystem, and consists of a regional sea-air wave grid generation module, a high-precision terrain processing module, a sea wave hot start preprocessing module, an atmospheric preprocessing module and an ocean preprocessing module; The regional sea-air wave grid generation module generates an atmospheric model grid file, an ocean model grid file, and an ocean wave model grid file; sends the atmospheric model grid file to the atmospheric preprocessing module; sends the ocean model grid file to the ocean preprocessing module; and sends the ocean wave model grid file to the ocean wave hot start preprocessing module; The high-precision terrain processing module generates locally smoothed terrain data and sends the locally smoothed terrain data to the regional sea-air wave grid generation module; The wave hot start preprocessing module generates the wave model boundary field and sends the wave model boundary field and wave model grid file to the coupled mode calculation subsystem; The atmospheric preprocessing module generates the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field, and sends the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field to the data assimilation subsystem; The ocean preprocessing module generates the ocean initial field and ocean boundary field of the regional ocean model, and sends the ocean model grid file, ocean initial field and ocean boundary field to the data assimilation subsystem; generates the atmospheric forcing field of the ocean model, and sends the atmospheric forcing field to the data assimilation subsystem; and sends the ocean model grid file to the coupled model calculation subsystem; The data assimilation subsystem consists of an atmospheric data assimilation module and an ocean data assimilation module; the atmospheric data assimilation module consists of an atmospheric data pre-processing submodule, a background error covariance submodule, and an atmospheric assimilation submodule; the atmospheric data pre-processing submodule generates a temporary atmospheric observation data file and sends it to the atmospheric assimilation submodule; the background error covariance submodule generates a background error covariance matrix and sends it to the atmospheric assimilation submodule; the atmospheric assimilation submodule generates the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field, and sends the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field to the coupled model calculation subsystem; The ocean data assimilation module consists of an ocean data pre-processing submodule and a four-dimensional variable submodule. The ocean data pre-processing submodule generates temporary ocean observation data files and sends them to the four-dimensional variable submodule. The four-dimensional variable submodule generates assimilated ocean analysis fields and assimilated ocean boundary fields, and sends the assimilated ocean analysis fields and assimilated ocean boundary fields to the ocean model module of the coupled model calculation subsystem. The coupled model calculation subsystem is connected to the pre-processing subsystem, data assimilation subsystem, and post-processing subsystem, and consists of an atmospheric model module, an ocean model module, a wave model module, and a coupling module; The coupling module initializes the coupled model calculation subsystem and exchanges data between the atmospheric model module, ocean model module, and wave model module; The atmospheric model module performs numerical integration calculations on the non-hydrostatic atmospheric numerical equations in the atmospheric model module to obtain atmospheric variables and atmospheric forecast fields, sends the atmospheric forecast fields to the post-processing subsystem, and passes the atmospheric variables to the coupling module, which in turn passes them to the wave model module. The atmospheric variables are updated based on the ocean variables and wave variables received from the coupling module, realizing bidirectional coupling at the ocean-atmosphere and wave-atmosphere interfaces, i.e., exchanging variables between the ocean, atmosphere, and waves. The ocean model module performs numerical integration calculations on the non-hydrostatic ocean numerical equations in the ocean model module to obtain ocean variables and ocean forecast fields, sends the ocean forecast fields to the post-processing subsystem, and passes the ocean variables to the coupling module; the coupling module receives atmospheric variables, updates the ocean variables, and realizes bidirectional coupling at the ocean-atmosphere and wave-ocean interfaces; The wave model module performs numerical integration calculations to obtain wave variables and wave forecast fields, sends the wave forecast fields to the post-processing subsystem, passes the wave variables to the coupling module, receives atmospheric variables and ocean variables through the coupling module, updates the wave variables, and realizes bidirectional coupling on the ocean-wave and wave-ocean interfaces; The post-processing subsystem is connected to the coupled model calculation subsystem and consists of a regional atmospheric model output post-processing module, a regional ocean model output post-processing module, and a regional wave model output post-processing module. The regional atmospheric model output post-processing module generates an atmospheric analysis file; the regional ocean model output post-processing module generates an ocean analysis file; and the regional wave model output post-processing module generates a wave analysis file. The atmospheric analysis file, the ocean analysis file, and the wave analysis file constitute the high-precision forecast product output by the regional refined ocean-air-wave coupled numerical forecast system. In the second step, the data collection subsystem obtains the configuration file and atmospheric, ocean, and wave-related data from the dedicated database, sends the atmospheric, ocean, and wave-related data to the preprocessing subsystem and data assimilation subsystem respectively, and sends the configuration file to the preprocessing subsystem, data assimilation subsystem, and coupled model calculation subsystem; In the third step, the regional sea-air wave grid generation module of the pre-processing subsystem receives the configuration file from the data collection subsystem, reads the configuration file parameters from the configuration file, wherein the configuration file parameters include the forecast time, the longitude and latitude of the forecast area, the center longitude and latitude, the reference longitude and latitude, the map projection mode, the number of grid points of the atmospheric model, the number of grid points of the ocean model, the number of grid points of the wave model, and the grid resolution of the atmospheric model module, the grid resolution of the ocean model module, and the grid resolution of the wave model module; receives the locally smoothed terrain data from the high-precision terrain processing module of the pre-processing subsystem, and generates the atmospheric model grid file, the ocean model grid file, and the wave model grid file; the method is as follows: 3.1 The regional sea wave grid generation module reads the atmospheric model's forecast area longitude and latitude, center longitude and latitude, reference longitude and latitude, map projection mode, number of atmospheric model grid points, and grid resolution of the atmospheric model module from the configuration file, generates the atmospheric model initial grid, and saves it as a NetCDF format file; 3.2 The regional sea wave grid generation module reads the longitude and latitude of the ocean model forecast area, the map projection mode, the number of ocean model grid points, and the grid resolution of the ocean model module from the configuration file, generates the initial ocean model grid, and saves it as a NetCDF format file; 3.3 The regional ocean wave grid generation module reads the latitude and longitude of the forecast area and the number of grid points of the ocean wave model from the configuration file, generates the initial grid of the ocean wave model, and saves it as a data file with the suffix grb according to the format requirements of the ocean wave model; 3.4 The high-precision terrain processing module receives high-precision terrain data from the data collection subsystem, performs linear filtering and smoothing on ocean points and grid points with large terrain gradients in the high-precision terrain data, marks rivers and waterways, and classifies and archives terrain data of different land types and resolutions. It then obtains locally smoothed atmospheric and ocean terrain data and sends this locally smoothed terrain data to the regional sea-air wave grid generation module. 3.5 The regional sea-air wave grid generation module receives the smoothed atmospheric and ocean terrain data from the high-precision terrain processing module, and processes the initial grids of the atmospheric model, the ocean model, and the ocean wave model according to the terrain type, the land-sea boundary, and the type of rivers and waterways in the terrain data, and generates the atmospheric model grid file, the ocean model grid file, and the ocean wave model grid file; 3.6 The regional sea-air wave grid generation module sends the atmospheric model grid file to the atmospheric preprocessing module, sends the ocean model grid file to the ocean preprocessing module, and sends the wave grid file to the wave hot start preprocessing module; In the fourth step, the atmospheric preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem receives the configuration file and regional atmospheric forecast field from the data collection subsystem, and receives the atmospheric model grid file from the regional sea wave grid generation module. It decodes and interpolates the regional atmospheric forecast field to obtain the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field, and sends the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field to the data assimilation subsystem. In the fifth step, the ocean preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem receives the configuration file, regional ocean forecast field, tidal data and regional atmospheric forecast field from the data collection subsystem, receives the ocean model grid file from the regional sea-air wave grid generation module, performs interpolation preprocessing on the regional ocean forecast field, tidal data and regional atmospheric forecast field to obtain the atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field and ocean boundary field, sends the ocean model grid file, atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field and ocean boundary field to the data assimilation subsystem, and sends the ocean model grid file to the coupled model calculation subsystem; In the sixth step, the wave hot start preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem obtains the regional wave forecast field from the data collection subsystem, receives the wave pattern grid file from the regional sea-air wave grid generation module, interpolates the regional wave forecast field according to the wave pattern grid file to obtain the wave boundary field, and sends the wave boundary field and the wave pattern grid file to the coupled mode calculation subsystem; In the seventh step, the atmospheric data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem receives the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field from the atmospheric preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem, receives the atmospheric observation file and configuration file from the data collection subsystem, pre-processes the atmospheric observation file to obtain the atmospheric observation temporary data file, calculates the background error covariance of the simulation area to obtain the background error covariance matrix, and finally performs regional atmospheric three-dimensional variational assimilation to obtain the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field, and sends the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field to the coupled model calculation subsystem; In the eighth step, the ocean data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem receives the ocean observation files and configuration files from the data collection subsystem, receives the atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field, ocean boundary field and ocean model grid file from the ocean preprocessing module, performs regional ocean four-dimensional variational assimilation on the ocean observation files, obtains the assimilated ocean analysis field and assimilated ocean boundary field, and sends the assimilated ocean analysis field and assimilated ocean boundary field to the coupled model calculation subsystem; the method is: 8.1 The ocean data pre-processing submodule of the ocean data assimilation module receives ocean observation files and configuration files from the data collection subsystem, sets them according to the assimilation region, assimilation time window, and assimilated variable names in the configuration files, removes observations that are not within the assimilation region and assimilation time window in the ocean observation files, and removes values ​​recorded as default values ​​in the ocean observation files to obtain valid ocean observation files. These valid ocean observation files are reordered and integrated according to the assimilation region, assimilation time window, and assimilated variable names to generate ocean observation temporary data files, and then send the ocean observation temporary data files to the four-dimensional variable submodule; 8.2 The four-dimensional variational submodule receives the atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field, ocean boundary field, and ocean model grid file from the preprocessing subsystem, and receives the ocean observation temporary data file from the ocean data preprocessing submodule. It performs incremental four-dimensional variational calculations on the ocean observation temporary data file to generate the assimilated ocean analysis field and assimilated ocean boundary field, and sends the assimilated ocean analysis field and assimilated ocean boundary field to the coupled model calculation subsystem. In the ninth step, the coupled model calculation subsystem receives the assimilated atmospheric analysis field, assimilated atmospheric boundary field, assimilated ocean analysis field, and assimilated ocean boundary field from the data assimilation subsystem, receives the configuration file from the data collection subsystem, and receives the ocean model grid file, wave model grid file, and wave boundary field from the preprocessing subsystem. The coupling module initializes the subsystem parameter configuration and starts the atmospheric model module, ocean model module, and wave model module. The state equations of the atmosphere, ocean, and waves are integrated respectively. The variables of the three model modules are exchanged through the coupling module to obtain the forecast fields of the atmosphere, ocean, and waves and send them to the post-processing subsystem. The method is as follows: 9.1 The coupling module receives the configuration file from the data collection subsystem, and sets the working directory of the coupled model calculation subsystem, the number of parallel nodes allocated, and the integration start date t of the atmospheric model module, ocean model module, and wave model module. s and the integral expiration date t e , atmospheric model module integration step Ta, ocean model module integration step To, wave model module integration step Tw, atmospheric coupling exchange step, ocean coupling exchange step, wave coupling exchange step, output path and output frequency perform initial parameter configuration, and send a start signal to the atmospheric model module, ocean model module and wave model module; 9.2 After receiving the start signal, the atmospheric model module, ocean model module, and wave model module each perform the start integral calculation, output the coupled variables, and output the corresponding forecast fields in parallel. The method is to have the atmospheric model module execute step 9.2.1, the ocean model module execute step 9.2.2, and the wave integral module execute step 9.2.

3. The three model modules perform the integral calculation in parallel: 9.2.1 The atmospheric model module receives a start signal from the coupling module and receives the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and assimilated atmospheric boundary field from the atmospheric data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem. The assimilated atmospheric analysis field is used as the initial value of the state equation system in the atmospheric model module, and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field is used as the boundary condition of the state equation system in the atmospheric model module. The non-hydrostatic atmospheric model integration calculation is started. During the integration process, long-wave radiation, short-wave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, and 10-meter wind are sent to the coupling module. At the same time, the sea surface temperature and significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data sent by the coupling module are received. The received sea surface temperature, significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data are used to replace the corresponding variables in the atmospheric model module and continue the integration. Finally, the atmospheric forecast field is obtained and sent to the post-processing subsystem. The integration completion signal is sent to the coupling module, and then the process goes to step 9.

3. 9.2.2 The ocean model module receives the start signal from the coupling module, receives the ocean model grid file from the ocean preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem, receives the assimilated ocean analysis field and the assimilated ocean boundary field from the ocean data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem, uses the assimilated ocean analysis field as the initial condition of the ocean state equation group in the ocean model module, uses the assimilated ocean boundary field as the boundary condition of the ocean state equation group in the ocean model module, starts the non-hydrostatic ocean model integral calculation, and in the integration process, integrates the sea surface temperature, sea surface current, water level, water depth and bottom surface. The roughness data is sent to the coupling module. Meanwhile, the longwave radiation, shortwave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, 10-meter wind, significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data sent by the coupling module are received. The corresponding variables in the ocean model module are replaced with the received longwave radiation, shortwave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, 10-meter wind, significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data, and the integration is continued to obtain the ocean forecast field. The ocean forecast field is sent to the post-processing subsystem, and the integration completion signal is sent to the coupling module. Go to step 9.

3. 9.2.3 After the wave model receives the start signal, the module receives the wave model grid file and wave boundary field file from the wave hot start preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem, starts the numerical integration calculation of the wave state, and sends the effective wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data to the coupling module during the integration process. At the same time, it receives the 10-meter wind, sea surface current, water level, water depth, and bottom surface roughness data sent by the coupling module. The received 10-meter wind, sea surface current, water level, water depth, and bottom surface roughness data are used to replace the corresponding variables in the wave model module and continue the integration. Finally, the wave forecast field and the wave hot start text file are obtained. The wave forecast field is sent to the post-processing subsystem, and the integration completion signal is sent to the coupling module. The wave hot start text file is saved as a temporary file hotfile.txt, and then go to step 9.

3. 9.3 If the coupling module receives the integration completion signal from the atmosphere, ocean and wave model modules, it ends the coupling model calculation process and outputs the work log text file log.txt to save the basic information of the system operation; In the tenth step, the post-processing subsystem receives the atmospheric forecast field, ocean forecast field, and wave forecast field from the coupled model calculation subsystem, performs interpolation or diagnostic calculation on the atmospheric forecast field, ocean forecast field, and wave forecast field, and generates regional refined ocean-air-wave coupled numerical forecast products. The method is: 10.1 The regional atmospheric model output post-processing module receives the atmospheric forecast field from the atmospheric model module of the coupled model calculation subsystem, extracts the potential height, temperature, relative humidity, horizontal wind field, vertical velocity, cloud water content, cloud ice content, sea level pressure, 2-meter height air temperature, 2-meter relative humidity, visibility, 10-meter height U wind component, and 10-meter height V wind component from the atmospheric forecast field, interpolates these components onto the standard isobaric surface, and saves them as the first part of the atmospheric forecast field NetCDF file. It also extracts the accumulated precipitation and humidity at each vertical layer from the atmospheric forecast field, calculates the accumulated precipitation and radar reflectivity diagnostic analysis value at each 3-hour grid point, and saves them as the second part of the atmospheric forecast field NetCDF file. The above two parts of the atmospheric forecast field NetCDF files constitute the atmospheric analysis file. 10.2 The regional ocean model output post-processing module receives the ocean forecast field from the ocean model module of the coupled model calculation subsystem, extracts the ocean temperature, current field, and salinity variables in the ocean forecast field, interpolates them to the depth isobath from 0m to 1000m, obtains the sea surface temperature, sea surface current direction, sea surface current velocity, temperature of each ocean layer, salinity, and current field data, and saves them as the first part of the ocean forecast field NetCDF file; uses the above interpolated ocean layer temperature and salinity to calculate the density and sound speed of each ocean layer to obtain the second part of the ocean forecast field NetCDF file. The above two parts of the ocean forecast field NetCDF files constitute the ocean analysis file; 10.3 The regional wave model output post-processing module receives the wave forecast field from the wave model module of the coupled model calculation subsystem, extracts the effective wave height and wave direction, wave speed and period in the wave forecast field, and saves them as independent NetCDF files to obtain the wave analysis file; the atmospheric analysis file, ocean analysis file and wave analysis file constitute the high-precision forecast product output by the regional refined sea-air-wave coupled numerical prediction system.

2. The regional refined ocean-air-wave coupling numerical prediction method based on the non-hydrostatic model according to claim 1 is characterized in that The data collection subsystem of the regional refined ocean-air-wave coupled numerical prediction system constructed in the first step saves the regional atmospheric forecast field in the standard GRIB format; saves the regional ocean forecast field in the standard NetCDF format; saves the regional wave forecast field in the standard NetCDF format; archives the atmospheric observation file in ASCII or PREPBUFR format, and archives the observation error file in the atmospheric observation file in text document format; archives the ocean observation file in NetCDF format, and archives the climate state statistics of the ocean model in the ocean observation file in chronological order; The regional sea-air wave grid generation module is connected to the data collection subsystem, the coupled model calculation subsystem, the data assimilation subsystem, the high-precision terrain processing module, the atmospheric preprocessing module, the ocean preprocessing module, and the ocean wave hot start preprocessing module; the regional sea-air wave grid generation module reads the longitude and latitude of the forecast area from the configuration file sent by the data collection subsystem, receives the locally smoothed terrain data from the high-precision terrain processing module, performs vertical interpolation and sea-land marking on the atmospheric terrain data in the locally smoothed terrain data, and generates an atmospheric model grid file; interpolates and sea-land marking on the ocean terrain data in the locally smoothed terrain data, marks and processes the river and waterway positions, and generates an ocean model grid file and an ocean wave model grid file; and sends the atmospheric model grid file to the atmospheric preprocessing module; Send the ocean model grid file to the ocean preprocessing module; Send the wave pattern grid file to the wave hot start preprocessing module; The high-precision terrain processing module is connected to the data collection subsystem and the regional sea-air wave grid generation module, obtains high-precision terrain data from the data collection subsystem, classifies and archives the high-precision terrain data, and performs local smoothing processing on the high-precision terrain data to obtain local smoothed terrain data suitable for the regional refined sea-air wave coupled numerical prediction system, and sends the local smoothed terrain data to the regional sea-air wave grid generation module; The ocean wave hot start preprocessing module is connected to the data collection subsystem and the regional ocean and air wave grid generation module, obtains the ocean wave pattern grid file from the regional ocean and air wave grid generation module, receives the regional ocean wave forecast field from the data collection subsystem, interpolates the regional ocean wave forecast field according to the ocean wave pattern grid file, generates an ocean wave pattern boundary field, and sends the ocean wave pattern boundary field and the ocean wave pattern grid file to the coupled mode calculation subsystem; The atmospheric preprocessing module is connected to the data collection subsystem, the regional sea-air wave grid generation module, and the data assimilation subsystem, obtains the regional atmospheric forecast field from the data collection subsystem, obtains the atmospheric model grid file from the regional sea-air wave grid generation module, decodes the regional atmospheric forecast field, interpolates the decoded atmospheric forecast field onto the atmospheric model grid file, obtains the atmospheric initial field and the atmospheric boundary field, and sends the atmospheric initial field and the atmospheric boundary field to the data assimilation subsystem; The ocean preprocessing module is connected to the data collection subsystem and the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module, obtains the regional ocean forecast field, tidal data and regional atmospheric forecast field from the data collection subsystem, receives the ocean model grid file from the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module, performs grid vertical interpolation preprocessing on the regional ocean forecast field and tidal data to obtain the ocean initial field and ocean boundary field of the regional ocean model, and sends the ocean model grid file, ocean initial field and ocean boundary field to the data assimilation subsystem; interpolates the regional atmospheric forecast field onto the ocean model grid file to obtain the atmospheric forcing field of the ocean model, and sends the atmospheric forcing field to the data assimilation subsystem; and sends the ocean model grid file to the coupled model calculation subsystem; The data assimilation subsystem is connected to the data collection subsystem, the preprocessing subsystem, and the coupled mode calculation subsystem; the atmospheric data assimilation module is connected to the data collection subsystem, the atmospheric preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem, and the coupled mode calculation subsystem; the atmospheric data preprocessing submodule is connected to the data collection subsystem and the atmospheric assimilation submodule, obtains atmospheric observation files from the data collection subsystem, performs data preprocessing and quality control on the atmospheric observation files, generates atmospheric observation temporary data files, and sends the atmospheric observation temporary data files to the atmospheric assimilation submodule; The background error covariance submodule is connected to the atmospheric assimilation submodule, and uses the background field information in the background error covariance submodule to calculate the background error covariance, generate the background error covariance matrix, and send the background error covariance matrix to the atmospheric assimilation submodule; The atmospheric assimilation submodule is connected to the data pre-processing submodule, the background error covariance submodule, and the pre-processing subsystem. It obtains the atmospheric initial field and the atmospheric boundary field from the atmospheric pre-processing module of the pre-processing subsystem, receives the background error covariance matrix from the background error covariance submodule, obtains the atmospheric observation temporary data file from the atmospheric data pre-processing submodule, performs three-dimensional variational assimilation on the atmospheric initial field and the atmospheric boundary field, generates the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field, and sends the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field to the coupled model calculation subsystem. The ocean data assimilation module is connected to the data collection subsystem, the preprocessing subsystem and the coupled mode calculation subsystem; the ocean data preprocessing submodule is connected to the data collection subsystem and the four-dimensional variable submodule, receives ocean observation files from the data collection subsystem, performs data preprocessing and quality control on the ocean observation files, generates ocean observation temporary data files and sends them to the four-dimensional variable submodule; The four-dimensional variational submodule is connected to the ocean preprocessing module, ocean data preprocessing submodule, and coupled mode calculation subsystem of the preprocessing subsystem, receives the ocean model grid file, ocean initial field, boundary field, and atmospheric forcing field from the ocean preprocessing module, receives the ocean observation temporary data file from the ocean data preprocessing submodule, performs variational assimilation calculation on the ocean observation temporary data file, obtains the assimilated ocean analysis field and the assimilated ocean boundary field, and sends the assimilated ocean analysis field and the assimilated ocean boundary field to the ocean model module of the coupled mode calculation subsystem; The coupling module is connected to the atmospheric model module, the ocean model module, and the wave model module, and performs initialization of the coupling model calculation subsystem and data exchange between the atmospheric model module, the ocean model module, and the wave model module according to the forecast time, the atmospheric coupling exchange step, the ocean coupling exchange step, and the wave coupling exchange step read from the configuration file sent by the data collection subsystem; The coupling module receives the configuration file from the data collection subsystem and performs initial parameter configuration on the coupling mode calculation subsystem; When the integral calculation of the atmospheric model module reaches the atmospheric coupling exchange step preset in the configuration file, the coupling module obtains atmospheric variables from the atmospheric model module. The atmospheric variables include long-wave radiation, short-wave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, and 10-meter wind data. When the integral calculation of the ocean model module reaches the ocean coupling exchange step preset in the configuration file, the coupling module obtains ocean variables from the ocean model module. The ocean variables include sea surface temperature, sea surface current, water level, water depth, and bottom surface roughness data. When the integral calculation of the wave model module reaches the wave coupling exchange step preset in the configuration file, the coupling module obtains wave variables from the wave model module. The wave variables include significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data. The coupling module exchanges data between the atmospheric model module, the ocean model module, and the wave model module respectively. The atmospheric model module is connected to the atmospheric data assimilation module, post-processing subsystem, and coupling module of the data assimilation subsystem. It receives the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and assimilated atmospheric boundary field from the atmospheric data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem, performs numerical integration calculations on the non-hydrostatic atmospheric numerical equations in the atmospheric model module based on the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and assimilated atmospheric boundary field, obtains atmospheric variables and atmospheric forecast fields, sends the atmospheric forecast fields to the post-processing subsystem, and transmits the long-wave radiation, short-wave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, and 10-meter wind data in the atmospheric variables to the coupling module. The long-wave radiation, short-wave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, and precipitation data in the atmospheric variables are transmitted to the ocean model module through the coupling module, and the 10-meter wind data in the atmospheric variables are transmitted to the wave model module. The sea surface temperature and sea surface current data in the ocean variables, and the significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data in the wave variables are received from the coupling module to update the atmospheric variables. The ocean model module is connected to the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module of the preprocessing subsystem, the ocean data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem, the post-processing subsystem, and the coupling module. It receives the ocean model grid file from the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module of the preprocessing subsystem, receives the assimilated ocean analysis field and the assimilated ocean boundary field from the ocean data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem, performs numerical integration calculations on the non-hydrostatic ocean numerical equations in the ocean model module based on the assimilated ocean analysis field and the assimilated ocean boundary field, obtains ocean variables and ocean forecast fields, sends the ocean forecast fields to the post-processing subsystem, transmits the sea surface temperature, sea surface current, water level, water depth and bottom surface roughness data in the ocean variables to the coupling module, transmits the sea surface temperature and sea surface current data to the atmospheric model module through the coupling module, and transmits the sea surface current, water level, water depth and bottom surface roughness data to the wave model module; The coupling module receives long-wave radiation, short-wave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, 10-meter wind, significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data from atmospheric variables to update ocean variables. The ocean wave model module is connected to the regional ocean wave grid generation module of the preprocessing subsystem, the ocean wave hot start preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem, the coupling module, and the postprocessing subsystem. It receives the ocean wave model grid file from the regional ocean wave grid generation module of the preprocessing subsystem, receives the ocean wave boundary field from the ocean wave hot start preprocessing module, performs numerical integration calculations based on the ocean wave boundary field and the static initial field with a default initial value of zero or the hot start file hotfile.txt generated by the previous forecast, obtains ocean wave variables and ocean wave forecast fields, sends the ocean wave forecast fields to the postprocessing subsystem, passes the significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data in the ocean wave variables to the coupling module, passes the significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data to the atmospheric model module through the coupling module, and passes the significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data to the ocean model module; receives 10-meter wind, sea surface current, water level, water depth, and bottom roughness data through the coupling module, and updates the ocean wave variables; The regional atmospheric model output post-processing module receives the atmospheric forecast field from the atmospheric model module of the coupled model calculation subsystem, extracts the potential height, temperature, relative humidity, horizontal wind field, vertical velocity, cloud water content, cloud ice content and sea level pressure, 2-meter height temperature, 2-meter relative humidity, visibility, 10-meter height U wind component, 10-meter height V wind component in the atmospheric forecast field, interpolates the components to the standard isobaric surface, saves them as the first part of the atmospheric forecast field NetCDF file, and extracts the accumulated precipitation and humidity on each vertical layer in the atmospheric forecast field, calculates the accumulated precipitation and radar reflectivity diagnostic analysis at each 3-hour grid point and saves them as the second part of the atmospheric forecast field NetCDF file. The above two parts of the atmospheric forecast field NetCDF files constitute the atmospheric analysis file; the regional ocean model output post-processing module receives the atmospheric forecast field from the coupled model calculation subsystem, extracts the atmospheric forecast field from the coupled model, and calculates the accumulated precipitation and radar reflectivity diagnostic analysis at each 3-hour grid point and saves them as the second part of the atmospheric forecast field NetCDF file. The ocean model module of the computing subsystem receives the ocean forecast field, extracts the ocean temperature, current field and salinity variables in the ocean forecast field, and interpolates them to the depth isobath from 0m to 1000m to obtain the sea surface temperature, sea surface current direction, sea surface current velocity, temperature of each ocean layer, salinity and current field data and save them as the first part of the ocean forecast field NetCDF file. Using the above interpolated ocean layer temperature and salinity, the density and sound speed of each ocean layer are calculated to obtain the second part of the ocean forecast field NetCDF file. The above two parts of the ocean forecast field NetCDF files constitute the ocean analysis file; the regional wave model output post-processing module receives the wave forecast field from the wave model module of the coupled model computing subsystem, extracts the significant wave height, wave direction and period variables in the wave forecast field, and saves them as independent NetCDF files to obtain the wave analysis file.

3. The regional refined ocean-air-wave coupling numerical prediction method based on the non-hydrostatic model according to claim 2 is characterized in that The dedicated line database is installed on a high-performance computing center server; the coupling module uses a coupler C-Coupler 3.

0.

4. The regional refined ocean-air-wave coupling numerical prediction method based on the non-hydrostatic model according to claim 1 is characterized in that In the second step, the data collection subsystem obtains the configuration file, atmospheric, ocean, and wave-related data from the dedicated database, and sends the atmospheric, ocean, and wave-related data to the preprocessing subsystem and the data assimilation subsystem respectively. The method for sending the configuration file to the preprocessing subsystem, the data assimilation subsystem, and the coupled model calculation subsystem is as follows: 2.1 The data collection subsystem obtains the configuration file from the dedicated database, reads the longitude and latitude of the forecast area, and obtains the global atmospheric forecast field data for the current day and a forecast period of 10 days from the dedicated database. The global atmospheric forecast field data is output every 3 hours, and each output is saved separately as a data file. The global atmospheric forecast field data is a collection of data files. The global atmospheric forecast field data is trimmed according to the longitude and latitude of the forecast area, and the temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind field variable files of the same time are merged into a regional atmospheric forecast field of a single time. The regional atmospheric forecast field is saved in the standard GRIB format according to the date and data source, and the regional atmospheric forecast field is sent to the atmospheric preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem. 2.2 The data collection subsystem obtains global ocean forecast field data from the dedicated database, with a forecast period of 10 days and an output frequency of one day. The global ocean forecast field data outputs sea temperature, salinity, sea surface height, and current field variables each time and saves them as sea temperature, salinity, sea surface height, and current field variable data files respectively. The global ocean forecast field data is a collection of data files. The sea temperature, salinity, sea surface height, and current field variable files of the same time are trimmed according to the forecast area range and merged into a regional ocean forecast field. The data are saved in a set of standard NetCDF formats according to date and data source, and the regional ocean forecast field is sent to the ocean preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem. 2.3 The data collection subsystem obtains global ocean wave forecast field data from the dedicated database, with a forecast period of 10 days and an output frequency of one day. The global ocean wave forecast field data outputs significant wave height, wave period, wavelength and wave direction variables each time and saves them as significant wave height, wave period, wavelength and wave direction variable data files respectively. The global ocean wave forecast field data is a collection of data files. According to the forecast area, the significant wave height, wave period, wavelength and wave direction variable files are merged into regional ocean wave forecast fields, and saved in standard NetCDF format according to date and data source. The regional ocean wave forecast fields are sent to the ocean wave hot start preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem. 2.4 The data collection subsystem obtains high-precision terrain data and tidal data from the dedicated database. The high-precision terrain data includes the ETOP2 dataset and the GEO dataset, which include water depth, rivers, lakes, forests, grasslands, ice and snow surfaces, deserts, land surfaces, and corresponding soil temperature and soil moisture information. The tidal data comes from the TPXO tidal data provided by Oregon State University, which includes four semi-diurnal tides: M2, S2, N2, K2, four diurnal tides K1, O1, P1, Q1, and tidal information Mf, Mm, M4, MS4, and MN4, with a resolution of 0.25°×0.25°. The high-precision terrain data and tidal data are sent to the ocean preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem. 2.5 The data collection subsystem obtains real-time atmospheric observation data and real-time ocean observation data from the dedicated database, processes the real-time atmospheric observation data into binary files, renames them according to the data source and date, and files them in NetCDF format to obtain atmospheric observation files; processes the real-time ocean observation data into binary files, renames them according to the data source, and files them in NetCDF format to obtain ocean observation files; sends the atmospheric observation files to the atmospheric data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem, and sends the ocean observation files to the ocean data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem; 2.6 The data collection subsystem obtains the configuration file from the dedicated database and sends it to the preprocessing subsystem, data assimilation subsystem and coupled model calculation subsystem.

5. The regional refined ocean-air-wave coupling numerical prediction method based on non-hydrostatic model according to claim 1 is characterized in that In step 3.5, the regional sea-air wave grid generation module receives the smoothed atmospheric and ocean terrain data from the high-precision terrain processing module, and processes the initial grids of the atmospheric model, the ocean model, and the wave model according to the terrain type, the land-sea boundary, and the type of the river and waterway in the terrain data as follows: 3.5.1 Assign sea and land masks to the initial grids of the atmospheric model, the ocean model, and the wave model, marking ocean points as 1 and land points as 0. At the same time, mark waterways at the mouths of rivers, with waterway locations as 1 and coastal land as 0. 3.5.2 Interpolate the altitude of the smoothed atmospheric terrain data, different land types (including rivers, lakes, forests, grasslands, ice and snow surfaces, deserts, and land surfaces), and the corresponding soil temperature and soil moisture information to the atmospheric model initial grid to generate the atmospheric model grid file; 3.5.3 Interpolate the water depth, sea route boundary, and river channel information of the smoothed ocean terrain data onto the initial grid of the ocean model and the initial grid of the wave model to generate the ocean model grid file and the wave model grid file.

6. The regional refined ocean-air-wave coupling numerical prediction method based on non-hydrostatic model according to claim 1 is characterized in that In the fourth step, the atmospheric preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem receives the configuration file and the regional atmospheric forecast field from the data collection subsystem, receives the atmospheric model grid file from the regional sea wave grid generation module, decodes and interpolates the regional atmospheric forecast field, obtains the atmospheric initial field and the atmospheric boundary field, and sends the atmospheric initial field and the atmospheric boundary field to the data assimilation subsystem in the following manner: 4.1 The atmospheric preprocessing module receives the configuration file and regional atmospheric forecast field from the data collection subsystem, and receives the atmospheric model grid file from the regional sea wave grid generation module; 4.2 The atmospheric preprocessing module links the regional atmospheric forecast field to the working directory and renames all data in the regional atmospheric forecast field in the form of soft links according to file type and English letters, in alphabetical order according to data format; 4.3 The atmospheric preprocessing module creates a variable table based on the variable types and names of wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and geopotential height of the global atmospheric forecast field data, and decodes and interpolates the global atmospheric forecast field through the WRF preprocessing system. The variable table records the GRIB code, variable name, variable unit, and variable layer number of the global atmospheric forecast field data. 4.4 The atmospheric preprocessing module reads the latitude and longitude of the forecast area from the configuration file, extracts the required wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and geopotential height variables from the GRIB code of the global atmospheric forecast field according to the variable table, and writes them into the intermediate format file to form intermediate format meteorological data; 4.5 The atmospheric preprocessing module uses the interpolation algorithm in the WRF model to horizontally interpolate the intermediate format meteorological data onto the atmospheric model grid file to produce the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field; 4.6 The atmospheric preprocessing module sends the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field to the data assimilation subsystem.

7. The regional refined ocean-air-wave coupling numerical prediction method based on non-hydrostatic model according to claim 1 is characterized in that In the fifth step, the ocean preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem receives the configuration file, regional ocean forecast field, tidal data and regional atmospheric forecast field from the data collection subsystem, receives the ocean model grid file from the regional sea-air wave grid generation module, performs interpolation preprocessing on the regional ocean forecast field, tidal data and regional atmospheric forecast field to obtain the atmospheric forcing field, the ocean initial field and the ocean boundary field, and sends the ocean model grid file, the atmospheric forcing field, the ocean initial field and the ocean boundary field to the data assimilation subsystem. The method for sending the ocean model grid file to the coupled model calculation subsystem is as follows: 5.1 The ocean preprocessing module receives configuration files, regional ocean forecast fields, tidal data, and regional atmospheric forecast fields from the data collection subsystem, and receives ocean model grid files from the regional sea-air wave grid generation module; 5.2 The ocean preprocessing module filters the regional ocean forecast field according to the grid point positions in the grid file, identifies the default data at the corresponding grid point positions as outliers, and marks them as invalid values ​​(NAN). The filtered regional ocean forecast field is obtained and saved as a temporary file in NetCDF format; 5.3 The ocean preprocessing module interpolates the filtered regional ocean forecast field based on the ocean model grid file to generate the ocean initial field and ocean boundary field; 5.4 The ocean preprocessing module interpolates the regional atmospheric forecast field to generate the atmospheric forcing field; 5.5 The ocean preprocessing module sends the atmospheric forcing field, ocean model initial field, ocean boundary field and ocean model grid file to the data assimilation subsystem, and sends the ocean model grid file to the coupled model calculation subsystem.

8. The regional refined ocean-air-wave coupling numerical prediction method based on non-hydrostatic model according to claim 1 is characterized in that In the sixth step, the wave hot start preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem obtains the regional wave forecast field from the data collection subsystem, receives the wave pattern grid file from the regional sea-air wave grid generation module, interpolates the regional wave forecast field to obtain the wave boundary field, and sends the wave boundary field to the coupled mode calculation subsystem in the following manner: 6.1 The ocean wave hot start preprocessing module receives the regional ocean wave forecast field from the data collection subsystem and the ocean wave model grid file from the regional ocean-air wave grid generation module; 6.2 The wave preprocessing module interpolates the regional wave forecast field based on the wave pattern grid file to generate the wave boundary field; 6.3 The wave hot start preprocessing module sends the wave boundary field and wave model grid file to the coupled mode calculation subsystem.

9. The regional refined ocean-air-wave coupling numerical prediction method based on non-hydrostatic model according to claim 1 is characterized in that In the seventh step, the atmospheric data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem receives the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field from the atmospheric preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem, receives the atmospheric observation file and configuration file from the data collection subsystem, pre-processes the atmospheric observation file to obtain the atmospheric observation temporary data file, calculates the background error covariance of the simulation area to obtain the background error covariance matrix, and finally performs regional atmospheric three-dimensional variational assimilation to obtain the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field. The method of sending the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field to the coupled model calculation subsystem is as follows: 7.1 The atmospheric data pre-processing submodule receives atmospheric observation files and configuration files from the data collection subsystem, converts the various observation data files in the atmospheric observation files into ASCII or PREPBUFR formats that can be recognized by the atmospheric assimilation submodule; saves the observation error files in the atmospheric observation files into text documents and sends them to the atmospheric assimilation submodule; 7.2 The atmospheric data pre-processing submodule removes observations from the atmospheric observation file that are not within the assimilation region and assimilation time window according to the assimilation region and assimilation time window in the configuration file, reorders the variable data in the atmospheric observation file by time, calculates the air pressure or altitude from the observed variables using the hydrostatic assumption, checks the vertical consistency and superadiabatic conditions of the multi-layer observation variables, sets the observation error according to the observation error file in the atmospheric observation data, obtains the atmospheric observation temporary data file, and sends it to the atmospheric assimilation submodule; 7.3 Background Error Covariance Submodule randomly generates a set of background field perturbations, normalizes each perturbation to ensure its mean is zero, generates standardized perturbations, and then uses the standardized perturbations to calculate the background error covariance matrix. The formula is: The perturbation number N is an integer between 20 and 100. is a randomly generated standardized disturbance, T represents the matrix transpose operation, and the background error covariance matrix B is sent to the atmospheric assimilation submodule; 7.4 The atmospheric assimilation submodule receives the atmospheric initial field and atmospheric boundary field from the preprocessing subsystem, receives the atmospheric observation temporary data file from the atmospheric data preprocessing submodule, receives the background error covariance matrix from the background error covariance submodule, performs three-dimensional variational assimilation, obtains the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field, and sends the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field to the atmospheric model module of the coupled model calculation subsystem.

10. The regional refined ocean-air-wave coupling numerical prediction method based on non-hydrostatic model according to claim 1, characterized in that The four-dimensional variation submodule in step 8.2 receives the atmospheric forcing field, the ocean initial field, the ocean boundary field, and the ocean model grid file from the preprocessing subsystem, receives the ocean observation temporary data file from the ocean data preprocessing submodule, performs incremental four-dimensional variational calculation on the ocean observation temporary data file, generates the assimilated ocean analysis field and the assimilated ocean boundary field, and sends the assimilated ocean analysis field and the assimilated ocean boundary field to the coupled model calculation subsystem in the following manner: 8.2.1 The four-dimensional variable molecule module performs grid sparse processing on the ocean model grid file to obtain a low-resolution ocean grid file; 8.2.2 The four-dimensional variable submodule interpolates the atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field, and ocean boundary field into the low-resolution ocean grid file to obtain the low-resolution atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field, and ocean boundary field; 8.2.3 The 4D variational submodule extracts the observation location and time from the ocean observation file, performs low-resolution 4D variational assimilation calculations on the low-resolution atmospheric forcing field, ocean initial field, ocean boundary field, and ocean observation temporary data file at the observation time, obtains the low-resolution 4D variational analysis increment, and stores the low-resolution 4D variational analysis increment as a temporary file in NetCDF format; 8.2.4 The 4D variational submodule uses the low-resolution 4D variational analysis increment and the ocean model grid file to obtain the high-resolution 4D variational analysis increment through linear interpolation and stores it as a temporary file in NetCDF format; 8.2.5 The four-dimensional variational submodule adds the high-resolution four-dimensional variational analysis increment to the high-resolution background field in the ocean observation file to obtain the high-resolution assimilated ocean analysis field and the assimilated ocean boundary field, and sends the assimilated ocean analysis field and the assimilated ocean boundary field to the coupled model calculation subsystem; the high-resolution background field is the climatological statistical result of the ocean model, which comes from the ocean observation file sent by the data collection subsystem.

11. The regional refined ocean-air-wave coupling numerical prediction method based on non-hydrostatic model according to claim 1, characterized in that The atmospheric model module described in step 9.2.1 receives a start signal from the coupling module, receives the assimilated atmospheric analysis field and the assimilated atmospheric boundary field from the atmospheric data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem, uses the assimilated atmospheric analysis field as the initial value of the state equation group in the atmospheric model module, uses the assimilated atmospheric boundary field as the boundary condition of the state equation group in the atmospheric model module, starts the non-hydrostatic atmospheric model integral calculation, and obtains the atmospheric forecast field by the following method: 9.2.1.1 Initialize the atmospheric model module and start integration on date t s At 00, the initial integration step n = 0, Ta is the integration step of the atmospheric model module, and n(Ta) is the current total integration time of the atmospheric model module at the initial moment 0; 9.2.1.2 Let n = n + 1. The atmospheric model module performs non-hydrostatic atmospheric model integration calculations to obtain the atmospheric forecast field. The atmospheric forecast field is a NetCDF format file. As the number of integration steps n increases, the time of the atmospheric model module integration result increases from t s At 00 o'clock, the time of each integration step Ta is continuously pushed back, and the integration results in the atmospheric forecast field are continuously increasing; 9.2.1.3 Let n(Ta) = total time for atmospheric model module integration calculation. If n(Ta) = t e -t s , the atmospheric model module integration ends, the atmospheric forecast field is sent to the post-processing subsystem, and the integration completion signal is sent to the coupling module, and the end is completed; if n(Ta) <t e -t s , go to step 9.2.1.4; 9.2.1.4 If n(Ta) <t e -t s If n(Ta) is an integer multiple of the atmospheric coupling exchange step length Tca, the atmospheric model module sends longwave radiation, shortwave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, and 10-meter wind to the coupling module. At the same time, the atmospheric model module receives the sea surface temperature and significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data sent by the coupling module, replaces the corresponding variables in the atmospheric model module with the received sea surface temperature and significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data, and goes to step 9.2.1.2 to perform the non-hydrostatic atmospheric model integration for step n+1. If n(Ta) is <t e -t s If n(Ta) is not an integer multiple of Tca, no data output or exchange is performed, and the process goes directly to step 9.2.1.2 to perform the integral calculation for the n+1th time step.

12. The regional refined ocean-air-wave coupling numerical prediction method based on non-hydrostatic model according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 9.2.2, the ocean model module receives a start signal from the coupling module, receives the ocean model grid file from the ocean preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem, and receives the assimilated ocean analysis field and assimilated ocean boundary field from the ocean data assimilation module of the data assimilation subsystem. The assimilated ocean analysis field is used as the initial condition of the ocean state equations in the ocean model module, and the assimilated ocean boundary field is used as the boundary condition of the ocean state equations in the ocean model module. The non-hydrostatic ocean model integral calculation is started, and the ocean forecast field is obtained by the following method: 9.2.2.1 Initialize the ocean model module and start integration on date t s At 00, the initial integration step n = 0, when To is the integration step of the ocean model module, n(To) is the current total integration time of the ocean model module at the initial moment 0; 9.2.2.2 Let n = n + 1. The ocean model module performs non-hydrostatic ocean model integration calculations to obtain the ocean forecast field. The ocean forecast field is a NetCDF format file. As the number of integration steps n increases, the time of the ocean model module integration result increases from t s As the time of each integration step To continues to move backward at 00:00, the integration results in the ocean forecast field continue to increase; 9.2.2.3 Let n(To) = total time for ocean model module integration calculation. If n(To) = t e -t s , then the ocean model module integration ends, sends the ocean forecast field to the post-processing subsystem, sends the integration completion signal to the coupling module, and ends; if n(To) <t e -t s , go to step 9.2.2.4; 9.2.2.4If n(To) <t e -t s If n(To) = an integer multiple of the ocean coupling exchange step length Tco, the ocean model module sends the sea surface temperature, sea surface current, water level, water depth, and bottom roughness data to the coupling module; at the same time, the ocean model module receives the longwave radiation, shortwave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, 10-meter wind, significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data sent by the coupling module, replaces the corresponding variables in the ocean model module with the received longwave radiation, shortwave radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, wind stress, evaporation, precipitation, 10-meter wind, significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data, and goes to step 9.2.2.2 to perform the non-hydrostatic ocean model integration for step n+1; if n(To) <t e -t s If n(To) is not an integer multiple of Tco, no data output or exchange is performed, and the process goes directly to step 9.2.2.2 to perform the integral calculation for the n+1th time step.

13. The regional refined ocean-air-wave coupling numerical prediction method based on non-hydrostatic model according to claim 1 is characterized in that After the ocean wave model receives the start signal in step 9.2.3, it receives the ocean wave model grid file and the ocean wave boundary field file from the ocean wave hot start preprocessing module of the preprocessing subsystem, starts the numerical integration calculation of the ocean wave state, and obtains the ocean wave forecast field and the ocean wave hot start text file in the following manner: 9.2.3.1 Initialize the wave model module and start the integration on date t s 00 UTC, the initial integration step n = 0, Tw is the integration step of the wave model module, n(Tw) is the current total integration time of the wave model module at the initial moment 0; determine whether there is an initial wave field file hotfile.txt in the current working directory. If hotfile.txt exists, the wave model module reads hotfile.txt as the initial condition of the wave spectrum equation in the wave model module at n = 0. hotfile.txt is a temporary file generated after the previous integration is completed. If the previous integration does not exist, there is no hotfile.txt, and go to step 9.2.3.2; if hotfile.txt does not exist, the initial values ​​of the wave height, wavelength, wave period, wave direction parameters, and wave energy spectrum of the wave spectrum equation in the wave model module are all initialized to 0, and go to step 9.2.3.2; 9.2.3.2 Let n = n + 1. The wave model module performs numerical integration calculations on the wave state to obtain the wave forecast field. The wave forecast field is a NetCDF format file. As the number of integration steps n increases, the time of the wave model module integration result increases from t s As the time of each integration step Tw continues to move backward at 00 o'clock, the integration results in the wave forecast field continue to increase; 9.2.3.3 Let n(Tw) = total time for wave model module integration calculation. If n(Tw) = t e -t s , then the integration of the wave model module is completed, the wave forecast field is sent to the post-processing subsystem, and the integration completion signal is sent to the coupling module. At the same time, a wave hot start text file is generated and saved as a temporary file hotfile.txt. It is temporarily stored in the current working directory and used as the initial state field in the wave model module when the coupling forecast is started next time. The content of the hotfile.txt file is the wave state information, including wave height, wavelength, wave period, wave direction parameters, wave energy spectrum; boundary information, including sea surface wind field; grid information, including grid spatial resolution and layout information. End; If n(Tw) <t e -t s , go to step 9.2.3.4; 9.2.3.4 If n(Tw) <t e -t s If n(Tw) = an integer multiple of the wave coupling exchange step length Tcw, the wave model module sends the significant wave height, wavelength, wave direction, and wave stress data to the coupling module; at the same time, the ocean model module receives the 10-meter wind, sea surface current, water level, water depth, and bottom surface roughness data sent by the coupling module, replaces the corresponding variables in the wave model module with the received 10-meter wind, sea surface current, water level, water depth, and bottom surface roughness data, and goes to step 9.2.3.2 to perform the n+1 step wave model integration; if n(Tw) <t e -t s If n(Tw)≠an integer multiple of Tcw, no data output or exchange is performed, and the process goes directly to step 9.2.3.2 to perform the integral calculation for the n+1th time step.

14. The regional refined ocean-air-wave coupling numerical prediction method based on non-hydrostatic model according to claim 1, characterized in that The work log text file log.txt described in step 9.3 includes the number of parallel cores of the three models, the initial state of the atmospheric model module, the initial state of the ocean model module, the initial state of the wave model module, the integration time, the name of the coupling variable, and the integration end signal.

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