Water-saving saline-alkali soil greening construction and management and protection technical method

Abstract

The invention discloses a water-saving saline-alkali soil greening construction and management and protection technical method. The method comprises the following steps: S1, saline-alkali soil improvement; s2, proper landscaping vegetation is selected for construction; s3, covering the greening land surface with a soil moisture conservation material; s4, recycling renewable water resources; and S5, regular management and maintenance. According to the method, the soil surface around the planted vegetation is covered with the soil moisture preservation material, evaporation of soil moisture and permeation of soil salt can be reduced, the moisture retention capacity is improved, and scientific and effective drainage treatment is carried out in heavy rain seasons by monitoring rainfall changes of a greening area in real time; in light rain seasons, irrigation treatment is carried out in time, rainwater is prevented from permeating into plant root layers, irrigation is carried out according to the principle of one-time thorough irrigation, the phenomenon that salt in soil reversely permeates to influence plant growth is avoided, the healthy growth state of plants is kept through regular management and maintenance, and water waste is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali land greening construction, and specifically to a water-saving technical method for saline-alkali land greening construction and management and protection. Background Technique

[0002] In China, the saline-alkali area is large and widely distributed. With the rapid development of the economy and urbanization, the supply relationship of land resources is increasingly strengthened. The development of coastal areas includes the construction of many coastal new cities. The major issue in the greening construction of these new cities is to construct salt-tolerant greening tree seeds and plant communities. However, the coastal areas have high salinity, strong alkalinity, high groundwater levels, strong winter sea breezes, frequent wind disasters such as typhoons in summer and autumn, poor ecological systems, high salt content in the reclaimed land soil, low survival rates of garden plants, and problems with landscape differences and plant communities.

[0003] In the prior art, at present, most of the greening plantings on saline-alkali land require a large amount of fresh water resources for irrigation, resulting in a large consumption of fresh water resources required for planting. Moreover, the water retention capacity of the soil is poor, and a large amount of the irrigated water evaporates, causing a large waste of water resources. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water-saving technical method for saline-alkali land greening construction and management and protection to solve the problem raised in the above background technique that for most of the greening plantings on saline-alkali land at present, a large amount of fresh water resources are required for irrigation, resulting in a large consumption of fresh water resources required for planting, poor water retention capacity of the soil, and a large amount of the irrigated water evaporating, causing a large waste of water resources.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A water-saving technical method for saline-alkali land greening construction and management and protection, including the following steps:

[0006] S1. Improvement of saline-alkali land soil: Detect the shape of the saline-alkali land soil in the construction area, and improve the soil in combination with the detection results to reduce the soil salt content;

[0007] S2. Selection of suitable landscaping vegetation for construction: Select plant varieties adapted to the saline-alkali land environment for greening planting construction in combination with the soil properties of the construction site;

[0008] S3. Covering the greening ground surface with moisture-preserving materials: After the greening construction is completed, cover the greening ground surface with moisture-preserving materials to reduce the evaporation of soil moisture and the penetration of soil salts;

[0009] S4. Recycling and utilization of renewable water resources: Use renewable water resources to irrigate the landscaping vegetation to reduce the dependence on tap water;

[0010] S5. Regular management and maintenance: Regularly maintain and manage the greened areas, including pruning, loosening the soil, fertilizing, etc., to keep the plants in a healthy growth state.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, the saline-alkali soil improvement includes the following steps:

[0012] S11. Take samples of the saline-alkali soil in the construction area for testing, and analyze the soil test results to determine the salt content and composition of the soil, as well as the drainage condition of the soil;

[0013] S12. Dig out the saline-alkali soil of an appropriate depth from the saline-alkali land according to the soil analysis results. Then, according to the progress of the earthwork filling and excavation operations at the actual construction site, when the operation is basically completed, the entire site needs to be compacted in detail, and the terrain is leveled according to the specific engineering requirements.

[0014] S13. Dig trenches for installing permeable pipes and lay and install permeable pipes. The permeable pipes are arranged in a mesh or circular pattern to cover the entire greening area;

[0015] S14. Connect the permeable pipes to the drainage system to ensure the normal operation of the drainage system, which is used to collect and drain the water with a relatively high salt concentration seeped out;

[0016] S15. Lay an isolation layer in the foundation pit after excavation, and then lay geotextiles on the isolation layer;

[0017] After the geotextile is laid, backfill a layer of mixed soil on the upper part, and finally fill a layer of greening planting soil. Preferably, in step S2, the construction of selecting suitable landscaping vegetation includes the following steps:

[0018] S21. Select landscaping varieties by combining the soil salt content in the soil analysis results with the local planting environment;

[0019] S22. Conduct fixed-point layout operations and excavate planting pits in advance before planting green plants;

[0020] S23. Supplement an appropriate amount of mineral fertilizers in the pits, supplement elements such as phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, and iron required for vegetation growth in the soil, and at the same time pour enough fresh water into the pits. After the soil is tamped, level the soil surface;

[0021] S24. Plant nursery stock vegetation corresponding to the planting pits, and fully tamp after planting.

[0022] Preferably, in step S3, the greening of the ground covering and moisture conservation materials includes the following steps:

[0023] S31. Level the ground after greening planting and retain a certain slope;

[0024] S32. Conduct the first watering and irrigation on the greening planting area;

[0025] S33. After the watering and irrigation are completed, cover the soil surface around the planted vegetation with moisture-preserving materials.

[0026] Preferably, in step S33, the moisture-preserving material is one or more of wood chips, straws, wheat straws, and plastic films.

[0027] Preferably, in step S4, the recycling and utilization of renewable water resources include the following steps:

[0028] S41. Construct a rainwater collection device and irrigation equipment near the greening construction site;

[0029] S42. Connect the irrigation network to the rainwater collection device in parallel;

[0030] S43. Configure water-saving facilities and use water-saving irrigation facilities such as drip irrigation and micro-spray irrigation to irrigate the planted vegetation by combining the recycled rainwater with tap water.

[0031] Preferably, in step S5, the regular management and maintenance include the following steps:

[0032] S51. Monitor the rainfall changes in the greening area in real time and adjust irrigation and drainage according to the rainfall amount;

[0033] S52. Apply fertilizers regularly according to the nutrient requirements of the plants, and determine the timing and dosage of fertilization according to the growth stage of the plants and the nutrient deficiency situation;

[0034] S53. Prune the plants regularly according to the growth state of the plants, and remove the weeds on the saline-alkali land regularly;

[0035] S54. Regularly check whether the plants are damaged by pests and diseases. If pests or diseases are found, take corresponding prevention and control measures in time;

[0036] S55. Regularly monitor the soil quality, including the pH value, salt content, organic matter content, etc. of the soil, and adjust the fertilization and watering methods according to the monitoring results.

[0037] Preferably, in step S51, the specific content of adjusting irrigation and drainage according to the rainfall amount is as follows: In the heavy rain season, conduct scientific and effective drainage treatment; in the light rain season, carry out irrigation treatment in time to prevent rainwater from infiltrating into the root layer of the plants, and conduct irrigation according to the principle of thorough watering at one time.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0039] In this method, by covering the soil surface around the planted vegetation with moisture-preserving materials, the evaporation of soil moisture and the penetration of soil salts can be reduced, and the water retention capacity can be improved. By monitoring the rainfall changes in the greening area in real time, scientific and effective drainage treatment is carried out during heavy rain seasons; during light rain seasons, irrigation treatment is carried out in a timely manner to prevent rainwater from infiltrating into the plant root layer. The principle of one-time thorough watering is adopted for irrigation to avoid the influence of the reverse osmosis of salts in the soil on the growth of plants. By regular management and maintenance, the healthy growth state of plants is maintained, and water waste is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a water-saving greening construction and management technology method for saline-alkali land of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0041] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] Please refer to Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a water-saving greening construction and management technology method for saline-alkali land, including the following steps:

[0043] Step 1. Improvement of saline-alkali land soil: Detect the shape of the saline-alkali land soil in the construction area, and improve the soil in combination with the detection results to reduce the soil salt content;

[0044] Specifically, the improvement of saline-alkali land soil includes the following steps:

[0045] 11) Take samples of the saline-alkali land soil in the construction area for detection, and analyze the soil detection results to determine the salt content and composition of the soil, as well as the drainage condition of the soil;

[0046] 12) Dig out the saline-alkali soil with an appropriate depth according to the soil analysis results, and then, according to the progress of earthwork filling and excavation operations at the actual construction site, when the operation is basically completed, the entire site needs to be compacted in detail, and the terrain is leveled according to specific engineering requirements.

[0047] 13) Dig trenches for installing permeable pipes and lay and install permeable pipes. The permeable pipes are arranged in a mesh or circular shape to cover the entire greening area;

[0048] 14) Connect the permeable pipes to the drainage system to ensure the normal operation of the drainage system, which is used to collect and drain the water with a relatively high salt concentration seeped out;

[0049] 15) Lay an isolation layer in the excavated foundation pit, and then lay geotextiles on the isolation layer.

[0050] 16) After the geotextiles are laid, backfill a layer of mixed soil on the upper part, and finally fill a layer of greening planting soil.

[0051] Step 2: Select suitable landscaping vegetation for construction: Select plant varieties adapted to the saline-alkali soil environment for greening planting construction in combination with the soil properties of the construction site.

[0052] Specifically, the selection of suitable landscaping vegetation for construction includes the following steps:

[0053] 21) Select landscaping varieties based on the soil salt content in the soil analysis results combined with the local planting environment.

[0054] 22) Conduct fixed-point layout operations and excavate planting pits in advance before planting green plants.

[0055] 23) Supplement an appropriate amount of mineral fertilizers in the pits, supplement elements such as phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, and iron required for vegetation growth in the soil, and at the same time pour fresh water thoroughly into the pits. After the soil is tamped, level the soil surface.

[0056] 24) Plant nursery stock vegetation in the corresponding planting pits and tamp thoroughly after planting.

[0057] Step 3: Cover the greening ground surface with moisture-preserving materials: After the greening construction is completed, cover the greening ground surface with moisture-preserving materials to reduce the evaporation of soil moisture and the penetration of soil salts.

[0058] Specifically, covering the greening ground surface with moisture-preserving materials includes the following steps:

[0059] 31) Level the ground surface after greening planting and retain a certain slope.

[0060] 32) Conduct the first watering irrigation on the greening planting area.

[0061] 33) After the watering irrigation is completed, cover the soil surface around the planted vegetation with moisture-preserving materials. The moisture-preserving materials are one or more of wood chips, straws, wheat straws, and plastic films.

[0062] Step 4: Recycling and utilization of renewable water resources: Use renewable water resources to irrigate landscaping vegetation to reduce dependence on tap water.

[0063] Specifically, the recycling and utilization of renewable water resources includes the following steps:

[0064] 41) Construct a rainwater collection device and irrigation equipment near the greening construction site.

[0065] 42) Connect the irrigation network to the rainwater harvesting device in parallel;

[0066] 43) Configure water-saving facilities and use water-saving irrigation facilities such as drip irrigation and micro-spray irrigation. Utilize the recycled rainwater in combination with tap water to irrigate the planted vegetation.

[0067] Step Five: Regular management and maintenance: Conduct regular maintenance management on the greened areas, including pruning, loosening the soil, fertilizing, etc., to maintain the healthy growth state of the plants;

[0068] Specifically, the regular management and maintenance include the following steps:

[0069] 51) Monitor the rainfall changes in the greened area in real time and adjust irrigation and drainage according to the rainfall magnitude;

[0070] 52) Apply fertilizers regularly according to the nutrient requirements of the plants, and determine the timing and dosage of fertilization based on the growth stage of the plants and the nutrient deficiency situation;

[0071] 53) Prune the plants regularly according to their growth status and remove weeds on saline-alkali land regularly;

[0072] 54) Regularly check whether the plants are damaged by pests and diseases. If harmful organisms or diseases are found, take corresponding control measures in a timely manner;

[0073] 55) Regularly monitor the soil quality, including the pH value, salt content, organic matter content, etc. of the soil, and adjust the fertilization and watering methods according to the monitoring results.

[0074] Among them, the specific content of adjusting irrigation and drainage according to the rainfall magnitude is as follows: In the heavy rain season, conduct scientific and effective drainage treatment; in the light rain season, carry out irrigation treatment in a timely manner to prevent rainwater from seeping into the root layer of the plants, and conduct irrigation according to the principle of watering thoroughly at one time.

[0075] In the greening construction and management of saline-alkali land in this method, through pre-detecting and analyzing the saline-alkali land soil to determine the salt content, composition and drainage situation of the soil, dig out the saline-alkali soil at an appropriate depth, and then backfill a layer of mixed soil and a layer of greening planting soil. Select suitable landscaping varieties for planting. By covering the soil surface around the planted vegetation with moisture-preserving materials, the evaporation of soil moisture and the penetration of soil salt can be reduced, and the water retention capacity can be improved. By monitoring the rainfall changes in the greened area in real time, in the heavy rain season, conduct scientific and effective drainage treatment; in the light rain season, carry out irrigation treatment in a timely manner to prevent rainwater from seeping into the root layer of the plants, and conduct irrigation according to the principle of watering thoroughly at one time, avoiding the influence of the reverse seepage of salt in the soil on the growth of plants, and maintaining the healthy growth state of the plants through regular management and maintenance, reducing water waste.

[0076] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-saving greening construction and management technology method for saline-alkali land, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Saline-alkali soil improvement: Detect the shape of the saline-alkali soil in the construction area, and improve the soil combined with the detection results to reduce the soil salt content; S2. Select suitable landscaping vegetation for construction: Select plant varieties suitable for the saline-alkali environment according to the soil properties of the construction site for greening planting construction; S3. Cover the greening ground surface with moisture-preserving materials: After the greening construction is completed, cover the greening ground surface with moisture-preserving materials to reduce the evaporation of soil moisture and the penetration of soil salts; S4. Recycling and utilization of renewable water resources: Use renewable water resources to irrigate the landscaping vegetation and reduce the dependence on tap water; S5. Regular management and maintenance: Regularly maintain and manage the greened area, including pruning, loosening the soil, fertilizing, etc., to keep the plants in a healthy growth state.

2. The water-saving saline-alkali land greening construction and management and protection technical method according to claim 1, wherein, In step S1, the saline-alkali soil improvement includes the following steps: S11. Take samples of the saline-alkali soil in the construction area for testing, and analyze the soil test results to determine the salt content and composition of the soil, as well as the soil drainage conditions; S12. Dig out the saline-alkali soil with an appropriate depth according to the soil analysis results in the saline-alkali land, and then according to the earthwork filling and excavation operation progress of the actual construction site, when the operation is basically completed, the entire site needs to be compacted in detail, and the terrain is leveled according to the specific engineering requirements; S13. Dig trenches for installing drain pipes and lay and install drain pipes. The drain pipes are arranged in a network or ring shape to cover the entire greening area; S14. Connect the drain pipes to the drainage system to ensure the normal operation of the drainage system, and collect and discharge the water with a higher salt concentration seeped out; S15. Lay an isolation layer in the excavated foundation pit, and then lay geotextiles on the isolation layer; S16. After the geotextile is laid, backfill a layer of mixed soil on the upper part, and finally fill a layer of greening planting soil.

3. A water-saving greening construction and management technology method for saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the selection of suitable landscaping vegetation for construction includes the following steps: S21. Select landscaping varieties by combining the soil salt content in the soil analysis results with the local planting environment; S22. Conduct fixed-point layout operations and excavate planting pits in advance before planting green plants; S23. Supplement an appropriate amount of mineral fertilizers in the pits, supplement elements such as phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, and iron required for vegetation growth in the soil, and at the same time pour fresh water into the pits until they are thoroughly watered. After the soil is tamped, level the soil surface; S24. Plant nursery stock vegetation corresponding to the planting pits, and tamp them thoroughly after planting.

4. A water-saving greening construction and management technology method for saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the covering of the greening ground surface with moisture-preserving materials includes the following steps: S31. Level the ground surface after greening planting and retain a certain slope; S32. Conduct the first watering irrigation on the greening planting area; S33. After the watering irrigation is completed, cover the soil surface around the planted vegetation with moisture-preserving materials.

5. A water-saving greening construction and management technology method for saline-alkali land according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S33, the moisture-preserving material is one or more of wood chips, straw, wheat straw, and plastic film.

6. The water-saving saline-alkali land greening construction and management and protection technical method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S4, the recycling and utilization of renewable water resources includes the following steps: S41. Build a rainwater collection device and irrigation equipment near the greening construction site; S42. Connect the irrigation network to the rainwater collection device in parallel; S43. Configure water-saving facilities and use water-saving irrigation facilities such as drip irrigation and micro-sprinkling, and use the recycled rainwater in combination with tap water to irrigate the planted vegetation.

7. A water-saving greening construction and maintenance technical method for saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the regular management and maintenance includes the following steps: S51. Monitor the rainfall changes in the greening area in real time and adjust irrigation and drainage according to the rainfall amount. S52. Apply fertilizers regularly according to the nutrient requirements of plants, and determine the timing and dosage of fertilization based on the growth stage of plants and the nutrient deficiency situation. S53. Prune plants regularly according to their growth status and remove weeds on saline-alkali land regularly. S54. Regularly check whether plants are damaged by pests and diseases. If pests or diseases are found, take corresponding prevention and control measures in a timely manner. S55. Regularly monitor the soil quality, including the pH value, salt content, organic matter content, etc. of the soil, and adjust the fertilization and watering methods according to the monitoring results.

8. The water-saving saline-alkali land greening construction and management technology method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S51, the specific content of adjusting irrigation and drainage according to the rainfall amount is as follows: In the heavy rain season, carry out scientific and effective drainage treatment; in the light rain season, carry out irrigation treatment in a timely manner to prevent rainwater from seeping into the root layer of plants, and irrigate according to the principle of watering thoroughly at one time.

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