Spartina alterniflora removal method based on phenology

Abstract

The invention discloses a phenological-based spartina alterniflora removal and treatment method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: before seeds of spartina alterniflora are mature, digging a gully on the side surface of a distribution area of the spartina alterniflora; digging the spartina alterniflora close to the gullies along with roots, filling the spartina alterniflora into the gullies to form soil piles, and forming new gullies at the positions where the spartina alterniflora is dug; digging the spartina alterniflora close to the new gullies with roots again and filling the spartina alterniflora into the new gullies to form soil piles, and repeating the steps in sequence until the spartina alterniflora in the distribution area of the spartina alterniflora is completely dug and filled; in the reviving period and the flowering period of the spartina alterniflora in the next year, rotary root management and protection are conducted on the distribution area of the spartina alterniflora after ridge ploughing and control, and relapse and secondary invasion of the spartina alterniflora are prevented; the method has the advantages that on the basis of phenology of the spartina alterniflora, removal and treatment and later-stage management and protection are carried out according to growth characteristics of the spartina alterniflora, the removal and treatment effect is good, the removal and treatment recurrence rate is low, operability is high, and the removal and treatment cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of plant control, and particularly to a method for controlling Spartina alterniflora based on phenology. Background Art

[0002] Spartina alterniflora is a perennial herb of the genus Spartina in the family Poaceae. It grows in tidal flat wetlands or estuaries, is salt-tolerant, flood-tolerant, and wave-resistant, and is an important invasive plant in the global coastal salt marsh ecosystem. Its roots are widely distributed in the soil layer 30 cm deep underground, and can reach up to 100 cm at the deepest. The seeds have a survival period of about 8 months and need to be soaked for 6 weeks to germinate, and usually germinate only in spring. The tidal action causes some plants and rhizomes to be washed away and broken off, and they drift with the tide, having strong reproductive ability. Spartina alterniflora has become the main alien invasive plant in the southeast coast. Its characteristics of rapid growth, high density, high biomass, and strong competitiveness have seriously affected the coastal ecological environment and aquaculture, reduced the diversity of native plants, destroyed the habitat space of benthic animals and birds, and threatened the stability of the coastal ecosystem. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out effective control work on Spartina alterniflora.

[0003] The current control methods for Spartina alterniflora include physical control, chemical control, and biological control. Among them, physical control is widely used because of its simple operation, less environmental harm, and remarkable effect. The traditional plowing and deep burying do not consider the protection of sea dikes, and are time-consuming and laborious, lacking a control measure based on phenology that attaches importance to the protection of sea dikes at the same time; while root rotation usually needs to be carried out after mowing the above-ground part of Spartina alterniflora, which is time-consuming and laborious, and the labor cost is relatively high. In addition, Spartina alterniflora is prone to recurrence and secondary invasion during the regreening period and flowering period, resulting in poor overall control effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for controlling Spartina alterniflora based on phenology, which has low control cost, low damage to the ecological environment, strong operability in later management and protection, good control effect, and low recurrence rate of control.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: A method for controlling Spartina alterniflora based on phenology, comprising the following specific steps: (1) Before the seeds of Spartina alterniflora mature, dig a gully on the side of the distribution area of Spartina alterniflora; (2) Dig up the Spartina alterniflora adjacent to the gully together with its roots and fill it into the gully to form a soil mound ridge, so as to block the photosynthesis and respiration of Spartina alterniflora. At the same time, a new gully is formed at the position where the Spartina alterniflora is dug; (3) digging up the Spartina alterniflora adjacent to the new gully with its roots and filling it into the new gully to form a soil ridge, and forming a new gully again at the location where the Spartina alterniflora was dug out; repeating this process until all the Spartina alterniflora in the Spartina alterniflora distribution area has been dug up and filled, thus completing the ridge cultivation and control of Spartina alterniflora; (4) In the following year, during the greening and flowering periods of Spartina alterniflora, root rotation management should be carried out in the areas where Spartina alterniflora is distributed after ridge tillage and control to prevent its recurrence and secondary invasion.

[0006] Furthermore, in the step (1), the period before the seeds of Spartina alterniflora mature is from July to October.

[0007] Furthermore, in the step (1), the ditch excavation location is located between the periphery of the seawall management area and the distribution area of ​​Spartina alterniflora.

[0008] Furthermore, the width of the gully and the excavation of Spartina alterniflora are both 2 meters, and the depth is both 1.5 to 2 meters, so that the depth of the excavation of Spartina alterniflora exceeds the root length of Spartina alterniflora and carries deep soil.

[0009] Furthermore, in the step (4), deep root rotation is performed on the S. alterniflora distribution area after ridge tillage and treatment in April when the S. alterniflora enters the greening period, with a depth of 50 cm. Then, shallow root rotation is performed again on the S. alterniflora distribution area after ridge tillage and treatment in July when the S. alterniflora enters the flowering period, with a depth of 30 cm. At least two vertical cross-rotation tillages are performed in each period.

[0010] Furthermore, amphibious excavators are used to dig gullies and Spartina alterniflora, and root-tillage operations are performed by rotary tillers.

[0011] Furthermore, after the root spiraling care is completed, the treated area of ​​Spartina alterniflora is checked regularly every month. If the recurrence rate is greater than 5%, root spiraling care is performed; if the recurrence rate is less than or equal to 5%, manual extraction is performed.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are that the present method is based on the phenology of Spartina alterniflora, and carries out control and later management according to its growth characteristics, so as to prevent the possibility of recurrence of germination seedlings of Spartina alterniflora and recurrence of seed seedlings of secondary invasion, and the control effect is good and the control recurrence rate is low; and the present method adopts the control measures of ridge tillage and root rotation, which has outstanding adaptability, strong pertinence, strong operability, low control cost and low degree of damage to the ecological environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the excavation of a gully according to the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of ridge tillage and control according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0015] As shown in the figure, a method for controlling Spartina alterniflora based on phenology includes the following specific steps: (1) Before the seeds of Spartina alterniflora mature (i.e., from July to October), a gully 3 is excavated between the periphery of the management scope 1 of the seawall and the distribution area 2 of Spartina alterniflora. As Figure 1 shown, the excavation width of the gully 3 is 2 meters, and the depth is 1.5 - 2 meters; According to the "Regulations of Zhejiang Province on the Construction and Management of Seawalls", the management scope of the first - to - third - level seawalls extends 70 meters outward from the seawall body and its water - facing slope toe, and the management scope of the fourth - level seawall extends 60 meters outward from the seawall body and its water - facing slope toe; (2) The Spartina alterniflora within two meters adjacent to the gully 3 is excavated to a depth of 1.5 - 2 meters, so that the depth during excavation exceeds the root length of Spartina alterniflora. At the same time, together with the deep - layer soil, it is filled into the gully to form a soil mound ridge 4, so as to block the photosynthesis and respiration of Spartina alterniflora. At the same time, a new gully 5 with a width of 2 meters and a depth of 1.5 - 2 meters is formed at the position where the Spartina alterniflora is dug out. As Figure 2 shown; (3) The Spartina alterniflora adjacent to the new gully 5 is dug up by the roots again according to the operation in step (2) and filled into the new gully to form a soil mound ridge. A new gully with a width of 2 meters and a depth of 1.5 - 2 meters is formed again at the position where the Spartina alterniflora is dug out. Repeat in sequence until all the Spartina alterniflora in the distribution area is dug up and filled, and the ridging control of Spartina alterniflora is completed; (4) In the following year, in April when Spartina alterniflora enters the green - turning period, a deep - layer root - rotating operation is carried out on the distribution area of Spartina alterniflora after ridging control, with a depth of 50 cm, mainly to damage the new roots of Spartina alterniflora and prevent the recurrence of the germinated seedlings of Spartina alterniflora. Then, in July when Spartina alterniflora enters the flowering period, a shallow - layer root - rotating operation is carried out again on the distribution area of Spartina alterniflora after ridging control, with a depth of 30 cm, to further break up the seeds and new small roots of the second - time invasion and prevent the recurrence of the seedling of Spartina alterniflora. And at each stage, at least two vertical - cross tillage operations are carried out to completely damage the roots of Spartina alterniflora and prevent the recurrence and second - time invasion of Spartina alterniflora.

[0016] In the above - mentioned embodiments, an amphibious excavator can be used to excavate the gully and Spartina alterniflora, and the root - rotating operation can be realized by a rotary tiller.

[0017] In order to control Spartina alterniflora more thoroughly, after the root - rotating management and protection in step (4), the control area of Spartina alterniflora can be regularly inspected every month. If the recurrence rate is greater than 5%, root - rotating management and protection are carried out; if the recurrence rate is less than or equal to 5%, manual removal is carried out.

[0018] The protection scope of the present invention includes but is not limited to the above embodiments. The protection scope shall be subject to the claims, and any substitutions, deformations, and improvements that are easily conceivable by those skilled in the art for this technology shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling Spartina alterniflora based on phenology, characterized in that It includes the following specific steps: (1) Before the seeds of Spartina alterniflora mature, dig a gully on the side of the distribution area of Spartina alterniflora; (2) Dig up the Spartina alterniflora next to the gully together with its roots and fill it into the gully to form a soil mound ridge, so as to block the photosynthesis and respiration of Spartina alterniflora. At the same time, a new gully is formed at the position where the Spartina alterniflora is dug up; (3) Dig up the Spartina alterniflora next to the new gully again together with its roots and fill it into the new gully to form a soil mound ridge. A new gully is formed again at the position where the Spartina alterniflora is dug up. Repeat in turn until all the Spartina alterniflora in the distribution area of Spartina alterniflora is dug up and filled, and the ridging and control of Spartina alterniflora are completed; (4) Carry out deep root rotation management on the distribution area of Spartina alterniflora after ridging and control during the regreening period and flowering period of Spartina alterniflora in the following year to prevent its recurrence and secondary invasion.

2. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora based on phenology as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the period before the seeds of Spartina alterniflora mature is from July to October.

3. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora based on phenology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the gully is dug at the position between the periphery of the seawall management scope and the distribution area of Spartina alterniflora.

4. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora based on phenology as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The excavation widths of the gully and Spartina alterniflora are both 2 meters, and the depths are both 1.5 - 2 meters, so that the depth of Spartina alterniflora during excavation exceeds the root length of Spartina alterniflora and is accompanied by deep soil.

5. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora based on phenology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), in April when Spartina alterniflora enters the regreening period, carry out deep root rotation operation on the distribution area of Spartina alterniflora after ridging and control, with a depth of 50 cm. Then in July when Spartina alterniflora enters the flowering period, carry out shallow root rotation operation on the distribution area of Spartina alterniflora after ridging and control again, with a depth of 30 cm, and at least two vertical cross - tillage operations are carried out in each period.

6. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora based on phenology according to claim 1, wherein: Use an amphibious excavator to dig the gully and Spartina alterniflora, and the root rotation operation is realized by a rotary tiller.

7. The Spartina alterniflora control method based on phenology as described in claim 1, characterized in that: After the root rotation management ends, regularly check the Spartina alterniflora control area every month. If the recurrence rate is greater than 5%, carry out root rotation management; if the recurrence rate is less than or equal to 5%, manually pull out.

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