Breeding and breeding method for increasing survival rate of young toads

Abstract

The invention discloses a breeding and breeding method for increasing the survival rate of young toads, and relates to the technical field of toad breeding. When the temperature at night is lower than 20 DEG C, greenhouse nutrient enrichment cultivation of breeding parents is carried out, greenhouse cultivation is finished in the middle ten days of October, and outdoor natural overwintering of the toads is carried out, after hibernation of the toads is naturally finished in the middle ten days of February in the next year and the highest temperature is about 10 DEG C in the daytime, the parents with high vigor are selected to be stored in a refrigeration house, and the overwintering time of the toads is artificially prolonged. The mating and spawning time of the toads is delayed, and the gastroenteritis disease of the toads is prevented through shading plant seedling raising and transplanting in a greenhouse breeding site, breeding environment optimization in a high-temperature season and feed mixing and adding of radix salviae miltiorrhizae wall-broken powder, hawthorn fruits, malt and the like in daily feeding. According to the method, the natural growth rule is changed through modes of nutrient enhancement of parents in the early stage of autumn, refrigeration of overwintering toads in spring, delayed breeding of the parents, greenhouse cultivation of shading plants, disease prevention and control and the like, and a proper environment is provided for the young toads, so that the breeding survival rate of the young toads is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of toad breeding, and specifically to a breeding and cultivation method for improving the survival rate of juvenile toads. Background Art

[0002] Toads, commonly known as bufonids, belong to the class Amphibia, order Anura, family Bufonidae, and genus Bufo. They have wide applications and great medicinal value. In recent years, due to environmental pollution and the deterioration of the ecological environment, the habitats of toads have gradually decreased, the food chain has been severely damaged, and coupled with human overhunting and illegal killing, the wild resources of toads have decreased sharply. As early as 1987 and 2000, the state departments respectively included Bufo gargarizans in the "List of National Key Protected Wild Medicinal Species" and the "List of Terrestrial Wild Animals Protected by the State, Which Are Beneficial or of Important Economic or Scientific Research Value".

[0003] Replacing wild resources through artificial breeding can not only meet the medical needs of the people but also protect wild resources, which is the only way for the protection of wild animal resources.

[0004] As a special breeding amphibian, the life history of toads involves a transformation from aquatic to terrestrial. It is necessary to reasonably set up breeding facilities according to the living habits of toads. In recent years, attempts at artificial breeding of toads have been carried out successively in various places, but it is very difficult to ensure the normal development of toads from eggs to tadpoles to juvenile toads to adult toads. The key lies in that the breeding of toads is a continuous process, which requires breeders to master a series of production technologies, including water quality, seed sources, bait, diseases, prevention, infrastructure, etc. Any problem in any link may cause huge losses to toad breeding. In actual research on breeding practices, it is found that the survival rate of juvenile toads is not high and the diseases are serious. There are the following problems in aspects such as nutritional enhancement of their parents, overwintering, breeding, daily management, and disease prevention.

[0005] 1. Poor effect of parental nutritional enhancement

[0006] During breeding, starting from September (about the White Dew solar term), the night temperature gradually drops, the activity and food intake of toads gradually decrease, and they hibernate before the Beginning of Winter. During breeding, nutritional enhancement is mostly carried out one month before the toads hibernate. Since toads are poikilothermic animals, the temperature difference between day and night in October in the northern region is large, and the night temperature is low, which reduces the activity and food intake of toads. Although relevant nutritional enhancement feeds are fed, the food intake of toads is small, and the effect of nutritional enhancement is poor.

[0007] 2. Lack of opening bait for juvenile toads after the metamorphosis of tadpoles onto land. Only artificial breeding biological bait is fed, and the types are single, and the nutrition is scarce, resulting in a very high mortality rate

[0008] In nature, toads lay eggs in places with lush aquatic plants. In northern regions, tadpoles metamorphose and come ashore mostly around the May Day holiday (Lixia solar term), when aquatic plants grow lushly by the river and there are many palatable insects. In contrast, although artificial breeding sites are equipped with pool areas and land areas, they are small in size and cannot form an independent biodiversity environment. There are few plants at the junction of water and land. Not only are the types of artificially planted plants single, but the plants planted around the May Day holiday (Lixia solar term) do not grow lushly, and there are few naturally palatable insects. Feeding only one type of artificial live bait is not only costly, but also limited in the production of live bait. The single nutrition results in a low survival rate for young toads that have just come ashore.

[0009] 3. The bionic environment of the breeding site is not simulated enough and does not change with the growth of toads

[0010] In nature, the density of young toads is small, and diseases are rare. After metamorphosis and coming ashore, they seek a suitable growth environment, which should be moist but not dry or waterlogged for a long time. In contrast, artificial breeding sites are generally equipped with pools and land areas, but the plants planted in the land areas (such as soybeans) do not grow well around the May Day holiday (the beginning of summer), and high temperatures can easily cause the land to dry out, so young toads that have just metamorphosed and come ashore are very likely to be sunburned and die.

[0011] In the later period, the shade plants in the breeding grounds were allowed to grow naturally without pruning or reducing the density. In the hot and rainy summer season, the stems and leaves of the shade plants turned yellow and rotted, weeds grew, ventilation and sunlight conditions were poor, and water accumulated for a long time, which was not suitable for toads to survive. At this time, gastrointestinal diseases of young toads occurred frequently, the density of artificial breeding was high, the disease spread quickly, and the losses were huge.

[0012] 4. Feeding live bait is monotonous, which increases the burden of gastrointestinal digestion.

[0013] In current breeding practice, young toads are fed a lot of mealworms during their breeding period. The chitinous shell of mealworms is difficult to digest, which increases the gastrointestinal burden of young toads and increases the probability of gastroenteritis in toads.

[0014] Patent CN 113229217A discloses a breeding method for improving the survival rate of toad larvae. Although it imitates natural ecological breeding, it is restricted by climate temperature, growth of shade plants, etc., and fails to optimize the breeding environment. The claim of piling up cow dung for young toads to obtain bait is limited by temperature and is not easy to achieve; Patents CN 115644138A, CN118020711 A, CN 109258563 A, CN 107593603A and other patents focus on the breeding process and feeding of toads, and do not fundamentally construct an ecological breeding environment based on the growth habits of toads and change the breeding environment according to the growth law; Patent CN 106508794A discloses a three-dimensional factory breeding method for early breeding and high yield of toads, but this method breaks the natural growth law of toads and affects the quality, safety and stability of toad venom. Summary of the invention

[0015] In order to solve the above problems, that is, to solve the problems raised by the above background technology, the present invention proposes a breeding and cultivation method for improving the survival rate of young toads, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:

[0016] A breeding and cultivation method for improving the survival rate of young toads, the method comprising the following steps: in early September each year, when the night temperature is lower than 20°C, breeding parents are subjected to greenhouse nutrition intensive cultivation, greenhouse cultivation is terminated in mid-October and the toads are naturally overwintered outdoors, in mid-February of the following year, when the toads' hibernation naturally ends at a maximum daytime temperature of about 10°C, parents with strong vitality are selected for cold storage, the overwintering time of the toads is artificially extended, the mating and egg-laying time of the toads is delayed, the breeding environment is optimized by raising seedlings and transplanting shaded plants in a greenhouse breeding site, and gastroenteritis diseases of the toads are prevented by adding salvia miltiorrhiza wall-breaking powder and hawthorn malt to the feed in daily feeding.

[0017] Specifically, in the breeding parent nutrition fortification cultivation step, the breeding parent greenhouse nutrition fortification time is 20-35 days, from early September to mid-October each year, with the lowest night temperature around 10-20°C. During the nutrition fortification period, fresh baits such as mealworms are fed and krill oil, vitamins and other nutrients are added to the feed. The feeding amount of Antarctic krill powder mixed with feed is 10-50g / kg of bait.

[0018] Specifically, in mid-October, when the lowest nighttime temperature is around 10°C, the greenhouse nutritional enhancement of the breeding parents is terminated, and all the toads are moved to an outdoor pond to allow them to move freely and overwinter outdoors.

[0019] Specifically, the toads' hibernation is artificially extended in mid-February of the following year. The specific steps are as follows: after the toads finish hibernation and break out of the soil, they are collected and immediately placed in a porous foam box covered with soil. The soil depth is more than 30 cm, the soil humidity is 20-40%, and the toad prevention density is 3-6 / m2 , place it in the refrigerating chamber, with the refrigerating temperature being 2 - 10°C and the refrigerating time being 10 - 30 days.

[0020] Specifically, after artificially prolonging the overwintering time, the method of repeatedly raising and lowering the temperature is adopted during the process of releasing refrigeration. The specific steps are as follows: raise the refrigerating temperature to 5 - 10°C, not exceeding 15°C, maintain it for 2 - 4 h, then lower the temperature to the initial refrigerating temperature and maintain it for 2 - 4 h. Repeat this process 3 - 6 times. After that, raise the temperature at a rate of 2°C / h to be consistent with the outdoor temperature, and then move the toads to the outdoor pond for egg-laying.

[0021] Specifically, in the step of optimizing the breeding environment through shade plants for seedling raising and transplanting in the greenhouse breeding site, start the greenhouse seedling raising of shade plants for the toad breeding farm after the Spring Equinox. After the Grain Rain when the temperature is stable, transplant the seedlings to the land area of the outdoor breeding pond.

[0022] Specifically, during the greenhouse seedling raising process, plant plants such as cucumber, soybean, Chinese cabbage, burdock, towel gourd, and trichosanthes kirilowii maxim which are prone to plant diseases and insect pests such as aphids, thrips, mealybugs, and whiteflies, and no prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests are carried out during the greenhouse seedling raising period.

[0023] Specifically, in the step of preventing toad gastroenteritis diseases by adding broken powder of salvia miltiorrhiza and hawthorn malt etc. to the feed during daily feeding, the specific feeding method of adding to the feed is as follows: add broken powder of hawthorn malt to the feed for the first 4 days, and add broken powder of salvia miltiorrhiza to the feed for the next 3 days. One cycle is 7 days. The adding amount to the feed is 5 - 10 g / kg of feed for broken powder of salvia miltiorrhiza, 2 - 6 g / kg of feed for broken powder of hawthorn, and 2 - 6 g / kg of feed for broken powder of malt.

[0024] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] Through simple temperature increase during the White Dew solar term, nutrient strengthening is carried out to improve the immunity of breeding toads and the overwintering survival rate. By artificially prolonging the hibernation time and cultivating shade plants in the greenhouse, a suitable natural environment is created for the toads to overwinter, and the survival rate of juvenile toads during the metamorphosis period is improved; and by cleaning the leaves and weeds at the rhizome part of the shade plants, the breeding site is kept ventilated and directly irradiated by sunlight, and through prevention with pure traditional Chinese medicine additives, the incidence and mortality of gastroenteritis of juvenile toads during the Dog Days are reduced.

[0026] This method slightly changes the natural growth law by means of early autumn parental nutrition enhancement, refrigeration of overwintering toads in spring, delayed breeding of parents, greenhouse cultivation of shade plants, disease prevention and control, etc., provides a suitable environment for the growth and development of juvenile toads, enhances the immunity, and thus improves the survival rate of juvenile toad breeding. Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 It is a flow chart for the breeding and cultivation of juvenile toads. Specific Embodiments

[0028] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] On September 10, 2022, the temperature was 18-31℃, and the lowest temperature at night was around 20℃. A simple greenhouse was built on a toad breeding pond. The length, width and height of the greenhouse were 7m*10m*3m, and passage doors were set at both ends. 400 adult toads with healthy limbs and no external injuries were selected for seed greenhouse cultivation. The male-female ratio was 1:2, and the body weight of male toads was >80g and that of female toads was >60g. The passage door was not closed from September 10 to early October. The passage door was closed from early October to the evening of October 11. The passage door was opened when the temperature rose during the day. During the nutritional fortification period, live baits such as mealworms and earthworms were fed. Krill meal and vitamin C were added to the live bait. The amount of krill meal added was 5g / kg bait, and the amount of vitamin C added was 3g / kg bait.

[0031] On October 12, toads were adaptively bred outdoors. The daytime temperature was 10-23℃, and the nighttime temperature was around 10℃. The ventilation passages were opened at noon on sunny days to allow the toads to move freely and spread. No insulation measures were taken at night. After 2 days of temperature acclimation, the greenhouse was dismantled and the toads were allowed to overwinter naturally outdoors.

[0032] On February 15, 2023, when the temperature was around 10°C, we removed the crop straw and other covering materials from the toads’ wintering grounds, and used tap water to irrigate the grounds to bring the toads out of hibernation. A total of 388 toads were harvested, and 100 toads with good vitality were selected and immediately placed in a porous foam box covered with soil. The soil depth was more than 30 cm, the soil humidity was 30%, and the toad prevention density was 5 / m 2 , placed in a constant temperature refrigerator, the refrigeration temperature is 4℃, and the refrigeration time is 30 days.

[0033] On March 17, the highest daytime temperature was about 15℃. The temperature was raised by 8℃ for 4h and then lowered by 8℃ for 4h. After repeating this for 3 times, i.e. 4℃-12℃-4℃-12℃-4℃-12℃-4℃, the temperature was raised at a rate of 2℃ / h to gradually revive the toads, ending artificial hibernation and moving them to outdoor ponds. On March 20, they began to lay eggs in pairs. On April 2, they planted soybeans, cabbage, burdock seeds, etc. in the greenhouse. After about 15 days, soybeans were transplanted when the first true leaf unfolded after Grain Rain. After about 55 days of tadpole breeding, the tadpoles metamorphosed and came ashore on May 15. The young toads were fed mealworm larvae as the first food, which was gradually replaced by artificial compound feed through domestication.

[0034] On June 10, when the daytime temperature was around 20-30℃, weed removal was carried out in the breeding grounds to ensure that there were no weeds other than soybeans and burdock seeds, and the rhizomes and leaves of soybeans were removed. Ventilation and drying were ensured, and Salvia miltiorrhiza wall-breaking powder and hawthorn malt were added to the feed in daily feeding to prevent gastroenteritis in toads. Hawthorn malt wall-breaking powder was added to the feed in the first 4 days, and Salvia miltiorrhiza wall-breaking powder was added to the feed in the next 3 days. The cycle was 7 days. The preventive addition amount was 8g / kg of Salvia miltiorrhiza wall-breaking powder, 5g / kg of hawthorn wall-breaking powder, and 3g / kg of malt wall-breaking powder. There was no large-scale outbreak of gastroenteritis and death in toads from mid-July to mid-August, and the toads were harvested on September 20, 2022.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] In early September, a simple greenhouse was built on the toad breeding pond. The length, width and height of the greenhouse were 10m*5m*3m, and access doors were set at both ends. 400 adult toads with healthy limbs and no external injuries were selected for seed greenhouse cultivation. The male-female ratio was 1:2, and the body weight of male toads was >80g, and the body weight of female toads was >60g. The access door was not closed from September 10 to early October. The access door was closed from early October to the evening of October 11. The access door was opened when the temperature rose during the day. During the nutritional fortification period, live baits such as mealworms and earthworms were fed. Taurine, astaxanthin and vitamin C were added to the live bait. The amount of taurine added was 4g / kg bait, the amount of astaxanthin added was 10g / kg bait, and the amount of vitamin C added was 5g / kg bait.

[0037] In mid-October, when the night temperature is around 10℃, toads are adapted to breeding outdoors. The ventilation channels are opened at noon on sunny days to allow the toads to move freely and spread. No insulation measures are taken at night. After 3 days of temperature acclimation, the greenhouse is dismantled and the toads are allowed to overwinter naturally outdoors.

[0038] In mid-February of the following year, when the daytime temperature was around 10°C, we removed the crop straw and other covering materials from the toads’ wintering grounds, and used tap water to irrigate the grounds to wake up the toads. A total of 290 toads were harvested, and 100 toads with good vitality were selected and immediately placed in a porous foam box covered with soil. The soil depth was more than 30 cm, the soil humidity was 40%, and the toad prevention density was 6 / m 2 , placed in a constant temperature refrigerator, the refrigeration temperature is 6℃, and the refrigeration time is 30 days.

[0039] In mid-March, maintain at 6°C for 4 hours and then at 6°C for another 4 hours, repeating this process 3 times, i.e., 6°C - 12°C - 6°C - 12°C - 6°C - 12°C - 6°C. Then, increase the temperature at a rate of 2°C / h to gradually wake up the toads, ending artificial hibernation. Subsequently, they will pair and lay eggs successively. In early April, plant greenhouse soybeans, loofahs, and burdock. After 12 days, transplant when the first true leaf of the soybeans unfolds. After about 60 days of tadpole breeding, the tadpoles undergo metamorphosis and emerge onto the shore in mid-May. The initial feed for the juvenile toads is the larvae of Tenebrio molitor, and gradually replace it with artificial compound feed through domestication.

[0040] In mid-June, carry out the work of removing weeds from the breeding site to ensure that there are no weeds except for soybeans and burdock, and also remove the roots, stems, and leaves of the soybeans. Ensure ventilation and dryness, and add broken-wall powder of Salvia miltiorrhiza, hawthorn, and malt to the feed during daily feeding to prevent gastroenteritis in toads. Add broken-wall powder of hawthorn and malt to the feed for the first 4 days, and add broken-wall powder of Salvia miltiorrhiza to the feed for the next 3 days. One cycle is 7 days, and the preventive addition amount is 5 g / kg of feed for broken-wall powder of Salvia miltiorrhiza, 4 g / kg of feed for broken-wall powder of hawthorn, and 4 g / kg of feed for broken-wall powder of malt. From mid-July to mid-August, there was no large-scale outbreak of gastroenteritis and death among the toads, and the harvest was carried out in late September.

[0041] Experimental Example 1

[0042] From 2022 to 2023, the breeding was carried out using the method of Example 1 in the toad breeding base described in Example 1, and the breeding experiment of juvenile toads was carried out in breeding ponds No. 1 - 5. The area of all breeding ponds is 180 m 2 , and the specifications are all 12 m * 15 m, where the water area of the pond is 5 m * 10 m.

[0043] Comparative breeding was carried out in breeding ponds No. 6 and 7. The comparative breeding adopted the traditional breeding method, without cold storage of parents to delay egg laying, without greenhouse shade plant seedling raising, and planted soybeans and burdock in the land area of the breeding pond. The specifications of the breeding pond are the same as those of breeding ponds No. 1 - 5. The tadpoles in the comparative breeding began to undergo metamorphosis and emerge onto the shore in early May. The initial feed for the juvenile toads is the larvae of Tenebrio molitor, and gradually replace it with artificial compound feed through domestication.

[0044] Except for the differences in matters required by this patent such as the cold storage of overwintering toads in spring, the delayed breeding of parents, the greenhouse cultivation of shade plants, and disease prevention and control, the daily feeding management during the breeding period from No. 1 to No. 7 remains the same. Among them, the tadpoles start to feed 3 - 5 days after hatching. Start to sprinkle soymilk all over the pond for feeding, and start feeding artificial compound feed after 10 days. The daily feeding amount is 2 - 3% of the tadpole weight, and it is fed 2 times a day. When starting to feed the tadpole powder, it needs to be sprinkled all over the pond, and after 7 days, it is domesticated for fixed-point feeding. After 30 days, it is gradually changed from powder to pellet feed. During the breeding period of juvenile toads and adult toads, the daily feeding follows the principles of timing, fixed-point, quantitative, and qualitative. The daily feeding amount is 5% of the weight, and according to the principle of finishing eating within 2 hours without remaining feed, the feeding amount is increased or decreased; it is fed 2 times a day, morning and evening, and the remaining feed and the feeding table are cleaned in time to prevent mildew. Patrol the pond every day, observe the health status of the toads, and remove the dead and diseased toads in time; disinfect regularly, and do a good job in measures such as preventing escape and preventing natural enemies; in summer when it is hot, increase the water change amount, or add sunshade nets for shading.

[0045] In September 2023, the toad yields and specifications of each breeding pond are shown in Table 1.

[0046] Table 1 Statistical information on the basic information of toads in each breeding pond of Example 1 and its comparative breeding

[0047]

[0048] Experimental Example 2

[0049] From 2021 to 2022, the toad breeding was carried out in a certain toad breeding base in the manner of Example 2.

[0050] According to Example 2, the juvenile toad breeding experiment was carried out in breeding ponds No. 1 - 3. The area of all breeding ponds is 90m 2 , the specifications are all 15m * 6m, and the area of the water pool area is 2m * 10m.

[0051] The comparative breeding was carried out in breeding ponds No. 4 - 6. The specifications of the comparative breeding ponds are the same as those of the experimental breeding ponds, and the traditional breeding method was used for the comparative breeding.

[0052] In September 2022, the toad yields and specifications of each breeding pond are shown in Table 2.

[0053] Table 2 Statistical information on the basic information of toads in each breeding pond of Example 2 and its comparative breeding

[0054]

[0055] In view of the growth and development laws of toads, this invention provides a suitable environment for the growth and development of juvenile toads by means of enhancing the nutrition of parental toads in the early autumn, refrigerating overwintering toads in the spring, delaying the breeding of parental toads, cultivating shade plants in a greenhouse, preventing and controlling diseases, etc., solves the problem of a shortage of suitable bait during the metamorphosis and landing of tadpoles, and improves the survival rate of juvenile toad farming by preventing diseases with Chinese herbal medicines to enhance immunity and reduce the incidence of gastroenteritis.

[0056] Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, various improvements can be made to it and components therein can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

[0057] So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in combination with the preferred embodiments. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or replacements to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or replacements will all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A breeding and cultivation method for improving the survival rate of young toads, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: At the beginning of September every year, when the night temperature is lower than 20°C, carry out nutritional enhancement cultivation of breeding parents in the greenhouse, end greenhouse breeding in mid-October, and let the toads overwinter naturally outdoors. In mid-February of the following year, after the natural end of the toad hibernation when the highest daytime temperature is about 10°C, select breeding parents with strong vitality for cold storage, artificially extend the overwintering time of the toads, delay the mating and spawning time of the toads, optimize the breeding environment through shade plant seedling raising, transplanting, and optimizing the breeding environment in the high-temperature season in the greenhouse breeding site, and prevent toad gastroenteritis diseases by adding Salvia miltiorrhiza broken wall powder and hawthorn malt to the feed during daily feeding.

2. The breeding and cultivation method for improving the survival rate of young toads according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step of nutritional enhancement cultivation of breeding parents, the nutritional enhancement time of breeding parents in the greenhouse is 20 - 35 days, from the beginning of September to mid-October every year, with the lowest night temperature around 10 - 20°C. During the nutritional enhancement period, feed live baits such as Tenebrio molitor and add nutrients such as krill oil and vitamins to the feed. Among them, the feeding amount of Antarctic krill powder in the feed is 10 - 50 g / kg of bait.

3. A breeding and farming method for improving the survival rate of young toads according to claim 1, characterized in that: In mid-October, when the lowest night temperature is about 10°C, end the nutritional enhancement of breeding parents in the greenhouse, move all the toads to the outdoor pond, and let them move freely and overwinter outdoors.

4. A breeding and farming method for improving the survival rate of young toads according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the middle of February of the following year, the artificial extension of toad hibernation was carried out. The specific steps were as follows: After the toads emerged from the ground at the end of hibernation, they were immediately collected and put into a foam box covered with soil with holes. The depth of the covered soil was more than 30 cm, the humidity of the covered soil was 20-40%, and the density of the toads was 3-6 per m 2 , and they were placed in a cold storage room with a cold storage temperature of 2-10°C and a cold storage time of 10-30 days.

5. A breeding and farming method for improving the survival rate of young toads according to claim 1, characterized in that: After artificially extending the overwintering time, the method of repeatedly raising and lowering the temperature is used to release the cold storage process. The specific steps are as follows: Raise the cold storage temperature to 5 - 10°C, not exceeding 15°C, keep it for 2 - 4 h, then lower the temperature to the initial cold storage temperature and keep it for 2 - 4 h. Repeat this process 3 - 6 times. Then, heat up at a rate of 2°C / h to the same temperature as the outdoor temperature, and then move the toads to the outdoor pond for egg laying.

6. The breeding and cultivation method for improving the survival rate of young toads according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step of optimizing the breeding environment through shade plant seedling raising and transplanting in the greenhouse breeding site, start greenhouse seedling raising of shade plants in the toad breeding farm after the Spring Equinox. After the temperature stabilizes after the Grain Rain, transplant the seedlings to the land area of the outdoor breeding pond.

7. A breeding and farming method for improving the survival rate of juvenile toads according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the greenhouse seedling raising process, plant plants that are prone to pests and diseases such as aphids, thrips, mealybugs, and whiteflies, and do not carry out pest and disease control during the greenhouse seedling raising period; the plants are cucumber, soybean, Chinese cabbage, burdock, towel gourd, trichosanthes kirilowii, etc.

8. A breeding and cultivation method for improving the survival rate of young toads according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step of preventing toad gastroenteritis diseases by adding Salvia miltiorrhiza broken wall powder and hawthorn malt to the feed during daily feeding, the specific feeding method is as follows: Add hawthorn malt broken wall powder to the feed for the first 4 days, and add Salvia miltiorrhiza broken wall powder to the feed for the next 3 days. One cycle is 7 days. The feeding amount is 5 - 10 g / kg of feed for Salvia miltiorrhiza broken wall powder, 2 - 6 g / kg of feed for hawthorn broken wall powder, and 2 - 6 g / kg of feed for malt broken wall powder.

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