Colored light eccentric gaze training system and method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a colored light eccentric gaze training system and a method thereof, which are applied to the technical field of visual training, in particular to correction of eccentric gaze amblyopia. According to the system, an innovative training interface is designed through a color training sighting mark display module, color blocks of different colors have the same brightness or gray scale value under gray scale representation, it is ensured that the macular fovea occupies the dominant position of identification due to high-density cone cells and color perception advantages of the macular fovea, and therefore an eccentric fixation point is restrained. The input module adopts a plurality of interaction modes so that a trainee can conveniently feed back an identification result. The design of the training sighting mark comprises various spatial frequency specifications and brightness contrast, and aims to adapt to and improve the spatial frequency resolution and contrast sensitivity of the macular fovea and reduce the eccentric fixation point. According to the embodiment, the smart phone is used as a carrier, interesting training application is achieved by combining a gyroscope function or touch screen operation, a trainee is stimulated to conduct deviation correction training through an integral reward and punishment mechanism, and the training difficulty is gradually adjusted along with level increasing so as to approach the actual ability limit of the trained eye. Compared with the traditional eccentric fixation correction method, the invention provides a convenient, efficient and household available training scheme, not only effectively strengthens the advantages of the macular fovea centralis, but also weakens the advantages of the eccentric fixation point, improves the correction training effect, gives consideration to the interestingness and the diversity in the training process, and improves the training experience. And the defects in the prior art can be overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of visual training, and in particular to a color light eccentric fixation training system designed based on color patches with the same brightness or gray scale value representation under different color modes. Background Art

[0002] Eccentric fixation, also known as eccentric central fixation. Eccentric fixation amblyopia is a rare, difficult, and intractable type of amblyopia in ophthalmology. A normal eye uses the fovea centralis of the macula to fixate on a target; because the affected eye is generally a persistent strabismic eye, the afferent information from the fovea centralis of this eye will cause visual disturbances (diplopia and confusion vision), and the visual center inhibits the afferent information from the fovea centralis and develops eccentric fixation, that is, uses the retinal area outside the fovea centralis to replace the macula for visual perception and fixation. This retinal area outside the fovea centralis is called the eccentric fixation point (some doctors call the eccentric fixation point the eccentric central fixation point). The fixation ability of the fovea centralis of the amblyopic eye with eccentric fixation is weaker than that of the eccentric fixation point. In "Practical Ophthalmology" (published by People's Medical Publishing House in August 2010, edited by Liu Jiaqi), the fixation nature is divided into central fixation, parafoveal fixation, macular fixation, and peripheral fixation, and the latter three are collectively referred to as eccentric fixation by the ophthalmology community.

[0003] The fovea centralis of the macula is the part where the cone cells in the fundus are most densely distributed. The density of cone cells in the retinal area away from the fovea centralis of the macula decreases rapidly. The density of cone cells in the retinal area 10° away from the fovea centralis is 1 / 750 of that in the fovea centralis. There are no rod cells in the fovea centralis, while a large number of rod cells are distributed in the retinal area outside the fovea centralis. According to the common sense of ophthalmic physiology, cone cells are responsible for bright vision, color perception, and are sensitive to medium and high spatial frequency visual stimuli (resolving details); rod cells are responsible for dark vision, have no color perception ability, are not sensitive to medium and high spatial frequency visual stimuli, and can only distinguish the outline of an image. According to ophthalmic common sense, because an eye with eccentric fixation uses the eccentric fixation point to fixate, its color discrimination ability, color saturation perception ability, and contrast sensitivity are significantly weaker than those of an eye with central fixation.

[0004] The early task of treating eccentric fixation amblyopia is to correct eccentric fixation (rectify deviation). After the eccentric fixation eye turns into a central fixation eye, other amblyopia rehabilitation (visual acuity improvement, binocular visual function rehabilitation, etc.) is performed on this eye. The view on page 138 of the book "Amblyopia" published by Science Press in August 2007 and edited by Professor Yan Hong, the deputy director of the Shaanxi Provincial Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, is that "the central task of the early treatment of eccentric central fixation is to rectify deviation, and all measures must be centered around rectifying deviation, and other methods are over-treatment."

[0005] Traditional deviation correction methods mainly include afterimage mirrors, color light amblyopia treatment instruments, red filter therapy, Haidinger brush therapy, etc. Among them, color light amblyopia treatment instruments are the most widely used. Chinese Patent CN2073299U discloses an amblyopia treatment instrument, which is a color light amblyopia treatment instrument. This patent "uses the alternating flashing of red and green lights as the stimulation source to stimulate the amblyopic eye to improve the visual acuity of the amblyopic eye and can promote the conversion of eccentric fixation eyes to central fixation". Color light amblyopia treatment instruments such as red light flashers, helium-neon laser / semiconductor laser treatment instruments, and multi-color flash amblyopia treatment instruments on the market also adopt a similar visual stimulation logic.

[0006] In the training interfaces of the above-mentioned color light amblyopia treatment instruments, there is only simple color display or color flashing, without visual target recognition design. It is impossible to excite cone cells through medium and high spatial frequency visual stimulation and then increase the intensity of the afferent information of the fovea centralis; moreover, the color display of these color light amblyopia treatment instruments will also stimulate the photoreceptor cells of the fovea centralis and the photoreceptor cells of the eccentric fixation point due to brightness changes, and the trainee himself cannot actively choose to use the fovea centralis or the eccentric fixation point to fixate on the training interface. In ordinary training methods with visual target recognition design, because the eccentric fixation point has a fixation advantage and also has the ability to recognize contours, this visual target recognition process will also be difficult to correct successfully because it strengthens the eccentric fixation point.

[0007] Professor Yan Hong's book "Amblyopia" on page 138 introduces the red filter therapy. This method is to add a red filter to the lens of the eccentric fixation eye. Because the densely packed cone cells in the fovea centralis are more sensitive to red, the trained eye views the red scenery after color filtering to achieve the purpose of exciting the fovea centralis. Because there are still a large number of contour clues that can be recognized by the eccentric fixation point in the red scenery after color filtering, there is also the problem of simultaneously stimulating the fovea centralis and the eccentric fixation point, weakening the ability of eccentric fixation to turn to central fixation. In practice, this method has gradually been marginalized due to poor results.

[0008] Therefore, the ophthalmology community has always tended to prefer the eccentric fixation training method of "inhibiting the eccentric fixation point while exciting the fovea centralis". For example, first-line ophthalmology departments in China such as Beijing Tongren Hospital and Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center still retain afterimage mirror training. The main function of the afterimage mirror is to inhibit the eccentric fixation point. However, due to reasons such as high operation difficulty, high labor cost, few existing ophthalmology centers that carry out afterimage mirror training, and too short single training duration, the cost is high and the effect is ordinary; trainees often need to board in other places for afterimage mirror training, and the time cost and economic cost are high. Therefore, the present invention aims to improve the deficiencies of the above-mentioned deviation correction methods. Summary of the Invention

[0009] A color light eccentric fixation training system includes the following main parts: 1. Color training visual target display module: This module is used to display training visual targets composed of color blocks of more than two different colors. Although these color blocks appear colorful visually, their brightness or gray-scale values in gray-scale representation are designed to be the same. At this time, the eccentric fixation point loses the identification advantage because of the sparse cone cells, weak color discrimination ability, or only being able to perceive the gray-scale state of the training visual target; the fovea centralis with high cone cell density and strong color perception ability occupies the identification advantage. 2. Input module: This module can adopt various forms such as touch screens, physical buttons, somatosensory devices, eye movement capturers, gyroscopes, gesture capture devices, or brain-computer interfaces, so that the trainee can conveniently input the recognition results of the training visual targets. Thus, the purpose of inhibiting the eccentric fixation point and exciting the fovea centralis is achieved.

[0010] In addition, the identification cues of the training visual targets can present various spatial frequency specifications, and adjust their spatial frequency specifications according to actual training needs to adapt to the spatial frequency resolution of the fovea centralis at different stages, narrow the excited macular area, and prompt the fovea centralis to obtain the fixation advantage.

[0011] The training visual targets can present various brightnesses, thereby achieving different contrast sensitivities to enhance the contrast sensitivity of the fovea centralis; in addition, under dark adaptation, the training visual targets with lower brightness can further weaken the color discrimination ability of the eccentric fixation point. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0012] Corresponding schematic diagrams are provided in conjunction with the present invention to further explain and illustrate the structure and working principle of the training system.

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the interface of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the interface of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0015] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are only a part rather than all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0016] In Embodiment 1, a smart phone with gyroscope function is used as the carrier of the training system of the present invention. According to the needs of the training system implemented by the invention, a mobile phone interesting application software is made to display the training interface.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the interface of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. After the software runs for the first time, it defaults to start from the first level, and the display screen background 1 is set to bright orange-red; in the first level, the main control circle 2 is a bright green circle with a diameter of 100 pixels; the circle 3 is a bright blue circle with a diameter of 100 pixels; the circle 4 is a bright purple circle with a diameter of 100 pixels. Although the display screen background 1, the main control circle 2, the circle 3, and the circle 4 are color blocks with different colors, their brightness or gray scale values under gray scale representation are the same.

[0018] It should be particularly noted that the training visual target in Embodiment 1 refers to the whole formed by the display screen background 1 and each circle.

[0019] The training viewing distance is required to be fixed at 30 cm. The main control circle 2 is the only circle icon that can continuously flash in the whole training interface, and it cycles between lighting up and disappearing alternately at a cycle of 1 second. During the training operation process, the mobile phone is tilted in all directions, and the trained eye is kept staring at the training interface. Due to the gyroscope gravity induction, the main control circle 2 will move in the direction of the tilted lower position, simulating the moving feeling of water droplets on an inclined flat plate.

[0020] When the main control circle 2 touches circles 3 and 4, it will "eat" them and trigger a rewarding sound effect; for each circle "eaten", 1 point will be obtained; whenever the main control circle 2 touches the screen boundary, a punishing warning sound effect will be triggered and 1 point will be deducted at the same time; new circles can be continuously generated on the screen for the main control circle 2 to "eat". When the total score reaches 10 points, the first level is passed; when the score becomes negative, the current pass fails and the training for this level starts over; after the second level, when the level is restarted after a failed pass and the pass fails again, the level is reduced by one.

[0021] After passing the first level, enter the second level. In the second level, the display screen background 1 is set to orange-red with a slightly lower brightness than the first level; the diameters of the main control circle 2, circles 3 and 4 become 98 pixels, and the colors of each circle are the same as those in the first level, but with a slightly lower brightness than the first level. In the second level, the display screen background 1, the main control circle 2, circles 3 and 4 are still color blocks with different colors, and their brightness or gray scale values in gray scale representation are kept consistent. In this way, while maintaining the excited fovea of the macula, the eccentric fixation points are further inhibited. According to this rule, subsequent levels such as the third level and the fourth level are designed to be infinitely close to the spatial frequency resolution and contrast sensitivity of the trained eye. At the end of each training, the system will record key data such as the current level and score; when training next time, you can continue training based on the level and score of the previous training.

[0022] It should be noted that compared with the lower levels, smaller circles are used in the higher levels to increase the spatial frequency of the recognition target. In this way, it is ensured that the fovea of the macula can find these circles, and at the same time, the excited area of the macula can be gradually reduced, making the excited area gradually approach the fovea of the macula; making the fovea of the macula the fixation center means that the deviation correction is successful. This training can be carried out in a bright environment or in a dark room environment. In a dark room environment, after dark adaptation, the color discrimination ability of the eccentric fixation points will be further weakened; relatively speaking, the fixation advantage of the fovea of the macula is enhanced.

[0023] Embodiment 2 also uses a smart phone as the carrier of the training system of the present invention. According to the needs of the training system implemented by the invention, a mobile phone interesting application software is made to display the training interface.

[0024] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the interface in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. After the software runs for the first time, it defaults to start from the first level. The background 1 of the display screen is set to orange-red; in the first level, the demonstration circular visual target 5 is a circular icon with a diameter of 150 pixels, which keeps flashing continuously to clarify its demonstration role; the background color of the demonstration circular visual target 5 is yellow with a higher brightness. The loop 6 is the identification clue above the demonstration circular visual target 5; the loop 6 is a square ring with a side length of 99 pixels and a uniform peripheral width, and there is a square hole 7 with a side length of 33 pixels hollowed out in the center; the color of the loop 6 is green with a higher brightness; the square hole 7 reveals the background color of the demonstration circular visual target 5 (yellow with a higher brightness).

[0025] Although the background color of the demonstration circular visual target 5 (the same as the color of the square hole 7) and the loop 6 are color blocks with different colors, their brightness or gray scale values in gray scale representation are the same.

[0026] The circular visual target 8 is a circular icon with a diameter of 150 pixels, and the background color is purple with a higher brightness; the loop 9 is the identification clue above the circular visual target 8; the loop 9 is a square ring with a side length of 99 pixels and a uniform peripheral width, and there is a square hole 10 with a side length of 33 pixels hollowed out in the center; the color of the loop 9 is green with a higher brightness; the square hole 10 reveals the background color of the circular visual target 8 (purple with a higher brightness). Although the background color of the circular visual target 8 (the same as the color of the square hole 10) and the loop 9 are color blocks with different colors, their brightness or gray scale values in gray scale representation are the same. The diameter of the circular visual target 8 is the same as that of the demonstration circular visual target 5, and the size and color of the identification clue (loop) above it are also the same, but the background colors of these two circular visual targets are different.

[0027] The circular visual target 11 is a circular visual target with the same diameter, background color, and the size and color of the identification clue (loop) above it as the demonstration circular visual target 5. The circular visual target 12 is a circular visual target with the same diameter and background color as the demonstration circular visual target 5, but the identification clue above it is a cross. Although the background color and the identification clue of the circular visual target 12 are color blocks with different colors, their brightness or gray scale values in gray scale representation are the same.

[0028] It should be particularly noted that the training visual targets in Embodiment 2 herein refer to each circular visual target.

[0029] The training viewing distance requirement is fixed at 30 cm. The operation process during training is to touch the screen to select a circular target that has the exact same color and identification clues as the demonstration target 5. Currently, only the circular target 11 on the training interface meets this standard. The circular targets 8 and 12 are incorrect options. When the correct option is selected, a rewarding sound effect is triggered and 1 point is obtained; when an incorrect option is selected, a punishing warning sound effect is triggered and 1 point is deducted; new circular targets can be continuously generated on the screen for the trainee to select until the total score reaches 10 points, and the first level is passed; when the score becomes negative, the current pass fails and the training for this level starts over; after the second level, when the pass fails, the level restarts, and if the pass fails again, the trainee goes back one level.

[0030] After passing the first level, the trainee enters the second level. In the second level, the background 1 of the display screen is set to orange-red with a slightly lower brightness than that of the first level; the diameter of each circular target on the training interface becomes 140 pixels, the background color and the color of the identification clues of each circular target are the same as those in the first level, but with a slightly lower brightness; the size of the identification clues on each circular target is reduced in proportion to the diameter of the circular target. In the second level, although the background color of each circular target and the color of the identification clues on it are different, their brightness or gray scale values in grayscale representation are the same. In this way, while maintaining the excited fovea centralis, the eccentric fixation points are further inhibited. According to this rule, subsequent levels such as the third level and the fourth level are designed to infinitely approach the spatial frequency resolution and contrast sensitivity of the trainee's eye. At the end of each training session, the system will record key data such as the current level and score; the next time training is carried out, the trainee can continue training from the level and score of the previous training.

[0031] It should be noted that in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, it is not required that the background color of the circular target and the color of the identification clues on it be the same as the background color 1 of the display screen in terms of brightness / gray scale value in grayscale representation. In this way, for eccentric fixation points with very weak color perception ability, even if they can see the circular targets on the training interface, it is difficult for them to identify the identification clues on the circular targets and accurately judge which circular targets are the correct options; in contrast, the fovea centralis with stronger color perception ability has better identification advantages, and through continuous training, the fixation advantage of the fovea centralis is strengthened to achieve the purpose of correction.

[0032] It can be seen that according to Embodiment 2 of the invention, there is an advantage in high-spatial-frequency identification compared to Embodiment 1. And Embodiment 1 can adapt to more severe eccentric fixation correction training at the low-spatial-frequency identification level. On the one hand, the two can be connected and complement each other to take into account the trainee's eyes with various spatial frequency resolutions and contrast sensitivities; on the other hand, alternating training with the two embodiments can reduce boredom and increase interest. The training interface can be displayed on mobile phones, as well as on devices such as TVs, PC monitors, tablets, wearable smart glasses, VR / AR helmets, and projectors. Beneficial effects

[0033] Through the unique training target design and flexible interaction mode of the present invention, the effectiveness and pertinence of eccentric fixation correction training are significantly improved; moreover, this training mode can be carried out at home, greatly reducing the time cost and economic cost of the trainees.

Claims

1. A color light eccentric fixation training system, comprising a color training visual target display module and an input module, characterized in that: The training visual target is composed of color patches of two or more colors. Although presented in color, these color patches have the same brightness or gray scale value under gray scale representation; the trainee recognizes the training visual target and inputs the recognition result through the input module.

2. The chromatic light eccentric fixation training system according to claim 1, wherein the input module can be any one of a touch screen, a physical button, a somatosensory device, an eye movement tracker, a gyroscope, a gesture capture device or a brain-computer interface.

3. The chromatic light eccentric fixation training system according to claim 1, wherein the identification clues of the training visual target can be presented in a variety of spatial frequency specifications.

4. The chromatic light eccentric fixation training system according to claim 1, wherein the training visual target can be presented in a variety of brightness levels.

5. The chromatic light eccentric fixation training system according to claim 1, wherein the color training visual target display module can be displayed on a smart phone, a television, a PC monitor, a tablet computer, a wearable smart glasses, a VR / AR helmet, a projection device.

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