Device for improving assembly quality of wing surface bolt connection structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for improving the assembly quality of a wing surface bolt connection structure, and belongs to the field of aircraft skin assembly. The device for improving the assembly quality of the wing surface bolt connection structure is provided, strain distribution around bolts with different diameters can be detected by adjusting the device, whether forced assembly of an assembly gap exists or not is determined by comparing strain differences in different directions, and the assembly quality of the wing surface bolt connection structure is improved. Detection of wing skin forced assembly and adjustment of the assembly clearance in the assembly process are completed, and the assembly quality of the wing surface bolt connection structure is improved. The device solves the problem of local deformation of the wing surface caused by forced assembly of tightening bolts in engineering, achieves the technical effects of forced assembly detection and adjustment of bolts with different diameters, and ensures good assembly quality and structural stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for improving the assembly quality of bolt connection structures on the wing surface, belonging to the field of aircraft skin assembly. Background Art

[0002] Bolt connections are widely used in the field of aerospace engineering. At present, the on-site assembly of bolts uses a special feeler gauge to judge the gap. This assembly detection method is practical and effective for the assembly of bolts distributed in a small area. However, with the development of aircraft structure manufacturing technology and assembly processes, aircraft wing skins are developing towards integral manufacturing, and the integral molding process of composite materials has been applied in modern aerospace industries. For the on-site assembly of bolts on the integral wing skin of an aircraft, the traditional feeler gauge detection is no longer applicable. The assembly quality of the wing surface has a crucial impact on the structural stability and surface aerodynamic performance. An unreasonable assembly state of the bolts on the wing surface will cause varying degrees of stress concentration in the connection structure, affecting the structural stability of the wing skin, causing premature damage or rapid damage expansion of the skin, and at the same time, it will also cause surface unevenness, affecting the aerodynamic performance during the mission or operation of the aircraft. Therefore, improving the assembly quality of bolt connection structures on the wing surface and solving the damage caused by forced assembly to the skin are key issues that need to be urgently solved. Some composite material structure or metal assembly manufacturers do not have a relatively simple method to solve bolt forced assembly. They mainly adjust bolt forced assembly based on experience or feeler gauge detection. This method mainly relies on the experience of process personnel and is difficult to ensure the true solution of bolt forced assembly. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The device and method for improving the assembly quality of bolt connection structures on the wing assembly surface designed by the present invention adopt a method of strain gauge detection, combined with the parameters and dimensions of the applied materials, to analyze the stress concentration degree at the bolt connection on the wing skin surface, and more intuitively observe the assembly state of the bolts during the assembly process.

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to monitor the assembly process of the wing skin, and then improve the assembly quality of the bolt connection structure on the wing assembly surface by adjusting the tightness of the bolts, and solve the potential damage caused by bolt forced assembly to the composite skin.

[0005] A device for improving the assembly quality of bolt connection structures on the wing surface includes a central detection device, a host computer, and an auxiliary device. Through the stable support of the auxiliary device, the detection device completes the detection of the strain distribution around the bolts. The data is transmitted to the host computer through a wire, and the host computer performs visual processing on the data and presents the detection results on the display screen. The forced assembly of the bolts is determined according to the display results;

[0006] The detection device mainly consists of a central rod, a sleeve, a rocker arm mechanism, and a strain gauge integrated detection structure. The central rod is a hollow circular rod that can accommodate the wires of the strain gauges. It is divided into two hollow circular rods with different diameters at the upper and lower ends. The lower end is connected to a square prism, which facilitates the setting of the guide rail for the rocker arm mechanism. The square sleeve can be attached to the square prism at the lower end of the central rod. By sliding up and down through the upper and lower gears, it controls the rocker arm mechanism to change the coverage radius of the strain gauge integrated detection structure, thereby detecting the strain distribution around bolts with different diameters. The rocker arm mechanism is composed of a Z-shaped and a straight-shaped structure connected. The straight-shaped structure is connected to the sleeve by bolts. One folding point of the Z-shaped structure is fixed to the slide rail of the square prism by bolts, and the strain gauges are fixed at both ends respectively and connected to the straight-shaped structure. The strain gauge integrated detection structure is divided into 4 channels evenly distributed around the central rod to respectively detect the strain in 4 azimuths evenly distributed around the assembled bolt;

[0007] The upper computer is connected to the wires extended from the strain gauges on the central rod of the detection device. The strain gauges transmit the data detected of the strain distribution around the bolt to the upper computer through the wires. The upper computer performs visual processing on the data and presents the detection results on the display screen;

[0008] The auxiliary device includes 3 light rods, 3 universal joints, a bolt sleeve, and a sleeve connecting the detection device. One end of the light rod is connected to the central rod of the detection device through the sleeve and is evenly distributed around the sleeve at an angle of 120°. The other end is connected to the universal joint. The reason for using light rods is to minimize the additional influence on the bolt. The universal joint can rotate and adjust 360°. The lower end is connected to the bolt sleeve, and the bolt sleeve has magnetism inside and can be in flexible contact with the bolt;

[0009] Furthermore, the strain gauge integrated detection structure is divided into 4 evenly distributed channels to respectively detect the strain in 4 azimuths evenly distributed around the assembled bolt. The 4 strain gauges are arranged at equal distances, which is convenient for the strain gauge at the bottom of the rocker arm mechanism to level the wing surface. The coverage radius of the strain gauges can be changed by sliding up and down along the slide rail attached to the square prism at the lower end of the central rod by the rocker arm mechanism. By comparing the display data measured by the 4 strain gauges around the bolt and transmitted back to the upper computer for processing, the assembly state of the bolt is determined. Then, according to experience or the conversion between the surface strain and the bolt tightening torque calculated, the bolt is tightened or loosened, so as to improve the assembly quality of the connection structure on the wing surface;

[0010] Furthermore, the stress detection device uses a uniaxial strain gauge with a grid length of 0.15 - 2 mm and a resistance of 120 Ω. The measurement range of the strain gauge is 1 - 20000 με, the minimum measurement reading is 1 με, and the error can reach 1 - 2%. It has high sensitivity and precision, can adapt to various complex environments, outputs an electrical signal during the measurement process, and can be made into various sensors;

[0011] Furthermore, the bolt sleeve is designed according to different bolt models, has an external hexagonal structure, and is equipped with a magnetic adsorption function, enabling the auxiliary device to provide flexible and stable support. Except for the different diameters of the lower end in contact with the bolt, the other structures of the bolt sleeve are the same and can be stably connected to the universal joint. The sleeve of the lightweight rod connected to the detection device can slide in gears on the central rod of the detection device, ensuring that while changing the rocker arm mechanism of the detection device, the height of the lightweight rod can be adjusted, minimizing the strain detection error caused by the extrusion of the detection device on the wing surface.

[0012] Specifically, according to one aspect of the present application, a device for detecting the assembly quality of the bolt connection structure on the wing surface is provided, which consists of a detection structure and a positioning structure;

[0013] The detection structure includes: strain gauge 1, lower rocker arm 2, upper rocker arm 3, bolt 4, earpiece 5, bolt 6, earpiece 7, bolt 8, sliding sleeve 9, central rod 10, central rod fixing sleeve 11, and upper computer 19;

[0014] The positioning structure includes sliding sleeve 12, earpiece 13, bolt 14, sleeve 15, lightweight rod 16, universal joint 17, and bolt sleeve 18.

[0015] The lower rocker arm 2 and the upper rocker arm 3 are rotatably connected by bolt 6;

[0016] The other end of the upper rocker arm 3 is rotatably connected to the earpiece 7 of the sliding sleeve 9 by bolt 8;

[0017] The sliding sleeve 9 is sleeved on the central rod 10 and can slide up and down.

[0018] The strain gauge 1 and the lower rocker arm 2 are integrated, having two inflection points with opposite directions, forming an inclined Z-shaped structure. The first inflection point of the inclined Z-shaped structure from top to bottom is rotatably connected to the earpiece 5 by bolt 4. The part above the first inflection point of the inclined Z-shaped structure is the lower rocker arm 2, and the part below is the strain gauge 1.

[0019] The earpiece 5 is provided on the side of the central rod 10 near the bottom end;

[0020] The central rod 10 is a square prism, and the shape of the sliding sleeve 9 matches that of the central rod 10;

[0021] On each side of the central rod 10, a set of strain gauge 1, lower rocker arm 2, upper rocker arm 3, bolt 4, earpiece 5, bolt 6, earpiece 7, and bolt 8 is provided.

[0022] Wires are connected to the strain gauge 1 to transmit electrical signals to the upper computer 19;

[0023] The central rod fixing sleeve 11 is a cylinder with different diameters at both ends;

[0024] The other side of the central rod 10 is fixed in the central rod fixing sleeve 11;

[0025] Both the central rod 10 and the central rod fixing sleeve 11 are of hollow structures, allowing wires to pass through them.

[0026] The host computer can process the data detected by the strain gauge 1 and display the assembly state of the bolt.

[0027] The sliding sleeve 12 is sleeved on the larger-diameter part of the central rod fixing sleeve 11 and can slide up and down;

[0028] The sleeve 15 and the lug 13 of the sliding sleeve 12 are rotatably connected by a bolt 14;

[0029] One end of the lightweight rod 16 is inserted into the sleeve 15, and the other end is connected to the bolt sleeve 18 through a universal joint 17.

[0030] The included angle between the lightweight rod 16 and the overall central rod structure composed of the central rod 10 and the central rod fixing sleeve 11 is 120°;

[0031] The inside of the bolt sleeve 18 has magnetism and can be in flexible contact with the bolt;

[0032] Three groups of lugs 13, bolts 14, sleeves 15, lightweight rods 16, universal joints 17, and bolt sleeves 18 are evenly distributed on the sliding sleeve 12.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this application are:

[0034] The present invention provides a device for improving the assembly quality of the bolt connection structure on the wing surface, which can detect the strain distribution around bolts of different diameters through an adjustment device, and determine the forced assembly with assembly gaps by comparing the strain differences in different directions, complete the detection of the forced assembly of the wing skin during the assembly process and the adjustment of the assembly gap, and improve the assembly quality of the bolt connection structure on the wing surface. This device solves the problem of local deformation on the wing surface caused by forced assembly when tightening bolts in engineering, achieves the technical effect of detecting and adjusting the forced assembly of bolts of different diameters, and ensures good assembly quality and structural stability. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0035] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional view of the device in Embodiment 1;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the detection process of the device in Embodiment 1;

[0037] Figure 3 It is a top view of the device in Embodiment 1;

[0038] Figure 4 Structural detail diagram during the detection process of the device in Embodiment 1.

[0039] Among them, 1 strain gauge, 2 lower rocker arm, 3 upper rocker arm, 4 bolt, 5 lug, 6 bolt, 7 lug, 8 bolt, 9 sliding sleeve, 10 center rod, 11 center rod fixing sleeve, 12 sliding sleeve, 13 lug, 14 bolt, 15 sleeve, 16 lightweight rod, 17 universal joint, 18 bolt sleeve, 19 host computer. Specific implementation manners

[0040] The present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but the present application is not limited to these embodiments.

[0041] Embodiment 1

[0042] A device for detecting the assembly quality of bolt connection structures on the wing surface, which consists of a detection structure and a positioning structure;

[0043] The detection structure includes: strain gauge (1), lower rocker arm (2), upper rocker arm (3), bolt (4), lug (5), bolt (6), lug (7), bolt (8), sliding sleeve (9), center rod (10), center rod fixing sleeve (11), host computer (19);

[0044] The positioning structure includes sliding sleeve (12), lug (13), bolt (14), sleeve (15), lightweight rod (16), universal joint 17, bolt sleeve (18).

[0045] The lower rocker arm (2) and the upper rocker arm (3) are rotationally connected by a bolt (6);

[0046] The other end of the upper rocker arm (3) is rotationally connected to the lug (7) of the sliding sleeve (9) by a bolt (8);

[0047] The sliding sleeve (9) is sleeved on the center rod (10) and can slide up and down.

[0048] The strain gauge (1) and the lower rocker arm (2) are integrated, having two inflection points with opposite directions, and is an inclined Z-shaped structure. The first inflection point of the inclined Z-shaped structure from top to bottom is rotationally connected to the lug (5) by a bolt (4). The part of the inclined Z-shaped structure above the first inflection point is the lower rocker arm (2), and the part below is the strain gauge (1).

[0049] The lug (5) is arranged on the side surface of the center rod (10) near the bottom end;

[0050] The center rod (10) is a square prism, and the shape of the sliding sleeve (9) matches that of the center rod (10);

[0051] On each side of the central rod (10), there is a set of strain gauges (1), lower rocker arm (2), upper rocker arm (3), bolt (4), lug (5), bolt (6), lug (7), and bolt (8).

[0052] A wire is connected to the strain gauge (1) to transmit the electrical signal to the upper computer (19);

[0053] The central rod fixed sleeve (11) is a cylinder with different diameters at both ends;

[0054] The other side of the central rod (10) is fixed in the central rod fixed sleeve (11);

[0055] Both the central rod (10) and the central rod fixed sleeve (11) are of hollow structure, allowing the wire to pass through.

[0056] The upper computer can process the data detected by the strain gauge (1) and display the assembly state of the bolt.

[0057] The sliding sleeve (12) is sleeved on the larger diameter part of the central rod fixed sleeve (11) and can slide up and down;

[0058] The sleeve (15) is rotatably connected to the lug (13) of the sliding sleeve (12) through a bolt (14);

[0059] One end of the lightweight rod (16) is inserted into the sleeve (15), and the other end is connected to the bolt sleeve (18) through a universal joint 17.

[0060] The included angle between the lightweight rod (16) and the overall central rod structure composed of the central rod (10) and the central rod fixed sleeve (11) is 120°;

[0061] The bolt sleeve (18) has magnetism inside and can be in flexible contact with the bolt;

[0062] On the sliding sleeve (12), there are three groups of lugs (13), bolts (14), sleeves (15), lightweight rods (16), universal joints 17, and bolt sleeves (18) evenly distributed.

[0063] The device is detected through the following process:

[0064] Step 1: Before installing the strain gauge 1, clean the area first to make the surface clean and smooth;

[0065] Step 2: Turn on the power supply, arrange the strain gauge 1 and the central rod 10 around the bolt on the side of the wing skin to be detected for assembly. Apply a uniform coupling agent at the joint of the strain gauge 1. The sliding sleeve 9 makes the strain gauge 1 in full contact with the surface of the structure to be measured, and bond the strain gauge 1;

[0066] Step 3: Swing the lightweight rod 16 to change the angle between the lightweight rod 16 and the central rod fixed sleeve 11, fix the three bolt sleeves 18 on the surrounding bolts according to the minimum stress of the structure, slide the sleeve 12 up and down, and rotate the universal joint 17 so that the bolt sleeve 18 with magnetic adsorption function can fully contact the bolt head to achieve the purpose of flexible contact;

[0067] Step 4: If measuring the assembly state strain around bolts of different diameters, the sleeves 9 and 12 can be slid up and down to change the diameter size of the partial distribution of the lower rocker arm 2 and the angle between the lightweight rod 16 and the central rod fixed sleeve 11;

[0068] Step 5: The data measured by the strain gauge 1 is transmitted to the host computer 19 through the wires in the central rod structure 10 and the central rod fixed sleeve 11, and the host computer 19 performs visual processing on the data and presents it on the display screen;

[0069] Step 6: Analyze and compare according to the results displayed by the host computer 19 to determine the strain magnitude around the bolts. Combining with empirical operations, use a torque wrench or other tightening devices on the other side of the wing skin of the inspected assembly to change the tightness of the bolts;

[0070] Step 7: After completion, measure the strain distribution around the bolts again to ensure that the influence of the stress concentration degree around the bolt holes on the composite material structure is minimized.

[0071] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms are also intended to include the plural forms. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0072] Obviously, the above-described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The strain gauge centralized detection structure of the detection device of the present invention is designed with 4 to 8 rocker arm mechanisms and 4 to 8 strain gauges, and the auxiliary device uses 3 to 8 lightweight rods. The present invention can be applied to the assembly detection of wing skins of various materials such as composite materials and metals, and the present invention can be applied to the strain distribution detection of bolts with different diameters in an aircraft, and all should fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0073] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can make several modifications or substitutions, which should all be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A device for detecting the assembly quality of bolt connection structures on the wing surface, characterized in that it consists of a detection structure and a positioning structure; The detection structure includes: strain gauges (1), lower rocker arm (2), upper rocker arm (3), bolt (4), lug (5), bolt (6), lug (7), bolt (8), sliding sleeve (9), center rod (10), center rod fixed sleeve (11), host computer (19); The positioning structure includes sliding sleeve (12), lug (13), bolt (14), sleeve (15), lightweight rod (16), universal joint 17, bolt sleeve (18).

2. The device for detecting the assembly quality of bolt connection structures on the wing surface according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower rocker arm (2) and the upper rocker arm (3) are rotatably connected by a bolt (6); the other end of the upper rocker arm (3) is rotatably connected to the lug (7) of the sliding sleeve (9) by a bolt (8); the sliding sleeve (9) is sleeved on the center rod (10) and can slide up and down.

3. The device for detecting the assembly quality of bolt connection structures on the wing surface according to claim 2, characterized in that the strain gauge (1) and the lower rocker arm (2) are integral, having two inflection points with opposite directions, in an inclined Z-shaped structure. The first inflection point of the inclined Z-shaped structure from top to bottom is rotatably connected to the lug (5) by a bolt (4). The part above the first inflection point of the inclined Z-shaped structure is the lower rocker arm (2), and the part below is the strain gauge (1).

4. The device for detecting the assembly quality of bolt connection structures on the wing surface according to claim 3, characterized in that the lug (5) is arranged on the side of the center rod (10) near the bottom end; the center rod (10) is a square prism, and the shape of the sliding sleeve (9) matches that of the center rod (10); a set of strain gauges (1), lower rocker arm (2), upper rocker arm (3), bolt (4), lug (5), bolt (6), lug (7), bolt (8) are arranged on each side of the center rod (10).

5. The device for detecting the assembly quality of bolt connection structures on the wing surface according to claim 4, characterized in that a wire is connected to the strain gauge (1) to transmit an electrical signal to the host computer (19); the center rod fixed sleeve (11) is a cylinder with different diameters at both ends; the other side of the center rod (10) is fixed in the center rod fixed sleeve (11); the center rod (10) and the center rod fixed sleeve (11) are both hollow structures, allowing the wire to pass through.

6. The device for detecting the assembly quality of bolt connection structures on the wing surface according to claim 5, characterized in that the host computer can process the data detected by the strain gauge (1) and display the assembly state of the bolt.

7. The device for detecting the assembly quality of bolt connection structures on the wing surface according to claim 1, characterized in that the sliding sleeve (12) is sleeved on the part of the center rod fixed sleeve (11) with a larger diameter and can slide up and down; the sleeve (15) is rotatably connected to the lug (13) of the sliding sleeve (12) by a bolt (14); One end of the light rod (16) is inserted into the sleeve (15), and the other end is connected to the bolt sleeve (18) through a universal joint 17.

8. The device for detecting the assembly quality of the bolt connection structure on the wing surface according to claim 7, characterized in that The included angle between the light rod (16) and the overall central rod structure composed of the central rod (10) and the central rod fixed sleeve (11) is 120°; The inside of the bolt sleeve (18) is magnetic and can be in flexible contact with the bolt; Three groups of lugs (13), bolts (14), sleeves (15), light rods (16), universal joints 17, and bolt sleeves (18) are evenly distributed on the sliding sleeve (12).

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