Construction method for overall preassembly of steel structure hoistway elevator

Abstract

The invention provides a construction method for overall preassembly of a steel structure hoistway elevator, and relates to the field of elevator preassembly, the construction method for overall preassembly of the steel structure hoistway elevator comprises the steps of design stage, prefabrication processing, field preparation, hoisting and installation and connection and debugging, and accurate hoistway position and size planning is conducted through a BIM model. According to the method, the deviation between the design and the reality is found and corrected in time, through precise early-stage planning and measurement, the installation precision of the steel structure hoistway and the elevator is greatly improved, reworking caused by the problems of size inconsistency and the like is reduced, the construction quality is guaranteed, meanwhile, the optimal construction hoisting path is simulated and optimized through BIM5D, and the construction efficiency is improved. According to the technical scheme, the space relation between hoisting equipment and components is considered, the influence space of external factors is reserved, potential collision and interference problems can be found in advance through multi-direction and multi-angle simulation and optimization of a hoisting path, the safety and accuracy of the hoisting process are ensured, and then the overall construction quality is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of elevator pre-assembly, and particularly to a construction method for the overall pre-assembly of a steel structure hoistway elevator. Background Art

[0002] In high-rise buildings, hoistway elevators are the main means of transportation for people to go up and down floors. For example, in places such as office buildings, hotels, and apartments, people can quickly and conveniently reach different floors by taking the elevator. Compared with stairs, the elevator greatly saves people's physical strength and time, improves the personnel flow efficiency. Especially for the elderly, children, or people with physical disabilities, the elevator provides a barrier-free vertical transportation method, enabling them to easily reach high floors. With the hoistway elevator, the building can have higher floors, making full use of the vertical space. In this way, more functional areas can be accommodated on a limited land area. For example, in a comprehensive building in the city center, it may simultaneously include office areas, hotel rooms, dining places, and entertainment facilities, etc. The presence of the elevator enables these different functional areas to be reasonably distributed vertically and ensures efficient connection between various areas, thus enhancing the overall usage efficiency and economic value of the building;

[0003] In the traditional installation construction of steel structure hoistway elevators, the measurement means are often relatively backward, relying mostly on manual measurement and simple measuring tools such as tape measures and level gauges. The measurement errors are relatively large, which makes it difficult to accurately obtain the set positions of the construction site equipment and the design information of the building during the design stage. As a result, the sizes of the steel structure hoistway and elevator components do not match the actual installation positions from time to time. For example, the deviation of the hoistway size may cause the elevator car to be unable to be installed smoothly, or problems such as shaking and noise may occur during operation after installation, seriously affecting the use safety and practicality of the elevator. According to relevant statistics, the installation problems caused by measurement errors account for up to 20%-30% in traditional construction, not only increasing the rework cost but also delaying the construction period;

[0004] In the traditional construction method, during the hoisting path planning and installation process, operations are often carried out based on experience, lacking precise simulation and optimization of the hoisting process. This makes it easy to have collision and interference problems between equipment and components, and between components and buildings during the actual hoisting process, damaging equipment and components and even causing safety accidents. For example, in the hoisting of elevators in some high-rise buildings, due to insufficient consideration of the influence of factors such as wind speed and the surrounding environment of the building on hoisting, the components shake during hoisting and hit the outer wall of the building, causing structural damage and economic losses. Such accidents caused by unreasonable hoisting planning are not uncommon in traditional construction;

[0005] Currently, traditional construction methods usually adopt sequential operations, that is, first complete the on-site preparation work, then carry out prefabrication processing, and finally carry out installation. This method results in a long waiting time between construction links, unable to make full use of time and resources, leading to a long construction period. For example, when the on-site preparation work is not completed, the prefabrication processing work cannot be carried out. After the prefabrication processing is completed, it may not be possible to install in time due to delays in the on-site preparation work, resulting in idle resources and construction delays. It is estimated that compared with the parallel operation method, the construction period of the traditional sequential operation method may be extended by 30%-50%.

[0006] In traditional construction, the determination of the hoisting operation time often lacks a scientific basis, mostly based on experience or simple progress plan arrangements, without fully considering the actual situation of the construction site, such as weather changes, availability of equipment and personnel, etc. This leads to frequent situations where hoisting cannot be carried out due to bad weather (such as strong winds, heavy rains, etc.), or delays in hoisting due to equipment failures, insufficient personnel, etc. During the hoisting operation, due to the lack of a detailed hoisting plan and safety training, construction workers do not understand the hoisting process and safety precautions, which easily leads to safety accidents and construction delays, reducing the installation efficiency.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new construction method for the overall pre-assembly of a steel structure hoistway elevator to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a construction method for the overall pre-assembly of a steel structure hoistway elevator.

[0009] The construction method for the overall pre-assembly of a steel structure hoistway elevator provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0010] S1: Design stage, use BIM technology combined with artificial intelligence algorithms to establish a three-dimensional model, accurately plan the hoistway position and size, and use three-dimensional laser scanning technology to compare the design drawings with the actual construction dimensions, correct the BIM model, and simulate the hoisting path through BIM5D software combined with machine learning algorithms to optimize the hoisting sequence and equipment position;

[0011] S2: Prefabrication processing, divide the steel structure hoistway into standardized modules to ensure interchangeability, complete module processing and pre-assembly in the factory to ensure dimensional accuracy, and uniquely identify each module to ensure traceability of on-site installation;

[0012] S3: On-site preparation, clean and detect the flatness of the reserved installation position, carry out rebar planting operations according to the design drawings to ensure the connection strength, and test the bearing capacity of the foundation of the reserved position;

[0013] S4: Hoisting and installation. Use an adaptive balancing sling to hoist the main body of the elevator along the prefabricated slideway, and hoist the counterweight according to the main body hoisting path to ensure the balance performance. Monitor the environmental changes in real time during the hoisting process to ensure hoisting safety.

[0014] S5: Connection and commissioning. Quickly connect the electrical circuits through the preset magnetic quick-insert interfaces, conduct simulation tests on the elevator running speed, leveling accuracy, etc., and conduct insulation tests and grounding tests on the electrical circuits.

[0015] Preferably, the specific working steps of the step S1 design stage are as follows:

[0016] S101: Data collection and summary. According to the building design requirements issued by the architectural design institute, the building construction floor height and the elevator specification level, summarize the indicators of the steel structure hoistway and divide them into several standard modules.

[0017] S102: Model drawing and planning. Use BIM technology to accurately draw a data model to confirm the hoistway position and size planning.

[0018] S103: Measurement and comparison. Use 3D laser scanning technology to comprehensively measure the existing construction building, compare the design drawings issued by the architectural design institute with the actual construction position and size, and revise the BIM data model drawn in the step S102 model drawing and planning according to the on-site measurement data obtained from the comparison.

[0019] S104: Hoisting path simulation and optimization. Import the revised BIM data model into BIM5D software, simulate the hoisting path in combination with machine learning algorithms, optimize the hoisting sequence and equipment position, reserve space for external factor influence, and adjust the hoisting path planning in real time through edge computing technology to ensure the optimality of the hoisting path.

[0020] S105: Dynamic adjustment and plan retention. Use the Internet of Things technology to collect the construction site data in real time, dynamically adjust the BIM model, adjust the hoisting path and construction plan according to the real-time data, summarize the optimized best hoisting path and construction plan, including the selection, sequence, method and key parameters of the hoisting equipment, and archive the plan for subsequent construction reference.

[0021] Preferably, the specific working steps of the step S2 prefabrication are as follows:

[0022] S201: Receive prefabrication data. Receive the material processing prefabrication data planned in the step S103 measurement and comparison.

[0023] S202: Processing and prefabrication. Carry out prefabrication according to the requirements of the material processing prefabrication data received in the step S201.

[0024] S203: prefabrication and assembly, prefabrication and assembly of the prefabricated materials;

[0025] S204: Transport at a selected time, transport the processed components and materials to the construction site in advance according to the time and transportation route obtained by the hoisting path simulation and optimization in step S104.

[0026] Preferably, the specific working steps of the on-site preparation in step S3 are as follows:

[0027] S301: Construction cleaning: cleaning the reserved installation location for installing the hoistway elevator;

[0028] S302: Structural reservation, make tooth joint reservation according to the drawings set by the design institute;

[0029] S303: Reinforcement treatment: determine the location of the rebar according to the design drawings, and use professional drilling equipment and rebar glue to perform rebar planting operations at the tooth joints;

[0030] S304: Equipment adjustment: adjusting the height of the tower crane on site to make it at the tower crane height calculated by the hoisting path simulation and optimization calculation in step S104, and at the same time inspecting and reinforcing the scaffolding of the building.

[0031] Preferably, the specific working steps of the hoisting and installation in step S4 are as follows:

[0032] S401: Equipment and materials are brought in, and the prefabricated components and materials transported in the step S204 are received and transported to the construction site;

[0033] S402: Steel structure welding, welding the other end of the steel bar implanted into the tooth joint in the step S303 to the vertical side adjacent to the prefabricated and transported steel structure component;

[0034] S403: pouring and combining, closing the concrete formwork on both sides of the position after the steel structure is welded in step S402, and pouring concrete from the top of the closed formwork, and removing the concrete formwork after the concrete reaches the demolding strength standard, so that the steel structure and the building exterior wall become one;

[0035] S404: Installation of base: installation of the elevator base at the bottom of the hoistway;

[0036] S405: elevator hoisting, according to the optimal construction hoisting path obtained by the hoisting path simulation and optimization calculation in step S104, the elevator body is hoisted along the internal slideway of the prefabricated steel structure component using an adaptive balancing hoist;

[0037] S406: Hoisting of counterweight. Referring to the hoisting path adopted in the elevator hoisting in step S405, an adaptive balance sling is also used to hoist the hoistway elevator and the counterweight block as a whole;

[0038] S407: Installation of protection. According to the installation area obtained from the simulation and optimization calculation of the hoisting path in step S104, if the main structure is not completed in the installation area, protective components are installed. If the main structure is completed in the installation area, the next step is directly carried out.

[0039] Preferably, the specific working steps of step S5 connection and commissioning are as follows:

[0040] S501: Removal of protective components. After the completion of the building main body, remove the protective components installed in the installation of protection in step S407. If not installed, directly proceed to the next step;

[0041] S502: Installation of electrical equipment. Use a general tower crane to hoist the electrical equipment that drives the elevator to operate reciprocally;

[0042] S503: Installation of traction. Connect the elevator main body, counterweight block and operating equipment through a traction rope;

[0043] S504: Connection of circuits. Connect each electrical circuit through a quick-insert interface;

[0044] S505: Operation test. Conduct a performance simulation test on the installed elevator, and analyze and retain the data obtained from the simulation.

[0045] Preferably, the specific operation steps of the hoisting path simulation and optimization in step S104 include the following steps:

[0046] S601: Data import. Data import and integration. Import the final BIM data model obtained from the hoisting path simulation and optimization in step S104 into the BIM5D software completely and accurately;

[0047] S602: Confirmation of position. Simulate and determine the initial positions and postures of the hoisting equipment and each component in the BIM5D software to ensure that there is no collision interference in the initial state;

[0048] S603: Path analysis. Simulate the ideal hoisting path planning, reserve space for the influence of external factors, simulate the hoisting path of the tower crane in multiple directions and angles, and analyze and compare;

[0049] S604: Hoisting optimization. Try to change the initial position of the hoisting equipment, adjust the hoisting sequence, and optimize the hoisting point positions of the components to improve the quality of the hoisting path. Conduct simulation and analysis again to verify whether the optimized hoisting path meets the requirements of the evaluation indicators and make adjustments and optimizations to finally obtain the best hoisting path;

[0050] S605: Scheme retention. Summarize and explain the optimized best hoisting path, including the selection of hoisting equipment, sequence, method and key parameters, and store them in the archive.

[0051] Preferably, the specific operation steps of the dynamic adjustment in step S105 and the scheme retention include the following steps:

[0052] S701: Data analysis. Extract the hoisting-related data from the simulation results obtained from the hoisting path simulation and optimization calculation in step S104, and classify and organize them according to hoisting equipment parameters, component characteristics, and environmental conditions;

[0053] S702: Actual environment collection. Actually collect and obtain the weather forecast data for a period of time in the future at the construction site, including natural information such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation probability. At the same time, collect the buildings, roads, and overhead lines around the construction site of the building, and determine their influence scope and degree on the hoisting operation as important calculation parameters;

[0054] S703: Construction progress collection. Communicate with the construction management team to obtain the construction progress plan of the entire project. At the same time, clarify the key nodes of the hoisting operation in the project and the connection requirements of the front and back processes, and track the actual progress of the construction site in real time, record the completed work content and the remaining workload, so as to adjust the calculation of the hoisting interval according to the actual progress.

[0055] S704: Calculate the optimal hoisting interval. Calculate the interval of the hoisting nodes through the various data parameters collected on-site and the data parameters obtained from the simulation, so as to obtain the optimal hoisting interval;

[0056] S705: Compile a calculation report. Compile a detailed hoisting interval calculation report based on the optimal hoisting interval calculated in step S704, and convey the hoisting plan to relevant construction personnel and management personnel, and organize technical disclosure and safety training to ensure that the hoisting operation can be smoothly implemented according to the plan;

[0057] S706: Convey the hoisting plan. Integrate the report obtained from the calculation report compiled in step S705 and the scheme summarized in step S605 to compile a hoisting plan, and convey it to relevant personnel and organize technical disclosure and safety training;

[0058] S707: Real-time tracking and dynamic adjustment. During the hoisting operation, monitor the changes in the environment, equipment, and construction progress in real time, and adjust the hoisting interval in a timely manner when the deviation is large.

[0059] Compared with related technologies, a construction method for the integral pre-assembly of a steel structure hoistway elevator provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0060] 1. Precise hoistway position and dimension planning are carried out through the BIM data model, and the deviations between the design and the actual situation are discovered and corrected in a timely manner. This precise preliminary planning and measurement significantly improve the installation accuracy of the steel structure hoistway and the elevator, reduce rework caused by problems such as inconsistent dimensions, ensure the construction quality. At the same time, by using BIM5D simulation to optimize the best construction hoisting path, not only the spatial relationship between the hoisting equipment and components is considered, but also the space affected by external factors is reserved. Through multi-directional and multi-angle simulation and the optimization of the hoisting path, potential collision and interference problems can be discovered in advance, ensuring the safety and accuracy of the hoisting process, and thus improving the overall construction quality.

[0061] 2. By parallelizing prefabrication and on-site preparation, in the prefabrication stage, material prefabrication preparation is carried out in advance according to the information in the design stage, including receiving prefabrication data, processing prefabrication, prefabrication assembly and scheduled transportation. At the same time, on-site preparation work is carried out at the appropriate time, such as construction cleaning and structural reservation. This parallel operation method greatly shortens the construction period and improves the construction efficiency compared with the traditional sequential construction method. In addition, through accurate calculation of the hoisting interval and comprehensive analysis and calculation of simulation data, actual environment, construction progress and other data to obtain the optimal hoisting interval, the hoisting operation time can be reasonably arranged, avoiding hoisting delays caused by environmental factors, construction progress conflicts, etc., improving the efficiency of the hoisting operation, and thus accelerating the progress of the entire elevator installation project.

[0062] 3. According to the calculation results of the hoisting interval, protective components are installed when the main structure is not completed and removed after the main structure is completed. This reasonable arrangement of protective measures effectively guarantees the safety of construction personnel and equipment in different construction stages. Scientific and reasonable installation of protective components can avoid the occurrence of traditional situations of untimely protection or excessive protection. At the same time, an adaptive balance spreader is used for hoisting the elevator main body and the counterweight block, and operations are carried out according to the optimal hoisting path obtained from the simulation, improving the stability and safety of the hoisting process. At the same time, precise adjustment of the tower crane height and inspection and reinforcement of the scaffolding also provide strong guarantees for construction safety.

[0063] 4. Precise prefabrication and assembly of materials in the prefabrication stage can effectively reduce material waste. At the same time, through the application of BIM technology, precise planning of the dimensions of the steel structure hoistway and elevator components is carried out, avoiding material waste caused by dimension errors, reducing material costs while ensuring the construction progress arrangement, and avoiding the increase in labor costs and equipment rental costs caused by construction delays and rework.

[0064] Facilitate construction management and coordination: Brief Description of the Drawings

[0065] Figure 1A simplified line diagram of the overall process of the construction method for the overall pre-assembly of a steel structure hoistway elevator provided by the present invention;

[0066] Figure 2 A step line diagram of the overall process of the construction method for the overall pre-assembly of a steel structure hoistway elevator provided by the present invention;

[0067] Figure 3 A simplified line diagram of the overall process of the specific working steps in the design phase of step S1 provided by the present invention;

[0068] Figure 4 A simplified line diagram of the overall process of the specific working steps in the prefabrication and processing of step S2 provided by the present invention;

[0069] Figure 5 A simplified line diagram of the overall process of the specific working steps in the on-site preparation of step S3 provided by the present invention;

[0070] Figure 6 A simplified line diagram of the overall process of the specific working steps in the hoisting and installation of step S4 provided by the present invention;

[0071] Figure 7 A simplified line diagram of the overall process of the specific working steps in the connection and debugging of step S5 provided by the present invention;

[0072] Figure 8 A simplified line diagram of the overall process of the specific operation steps in the hoisting path simulation and optimization of step S104 provided by the present invention;

[0073] Figure 9 A simplified line diagram of the overall process of the specific operation steps in the dynamic adjustment and plan retention of step S105 provided by the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0074] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0075] Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 And Figure 9 , wherein, Figure 1 A simplified line diagram of the overall process of the construction method for the overall pre-assembly of a steel structure hoistway elevator provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A step line diagram of the overall process of the construction method for the overall pre-assembly of a steel structure hoistway elevator provided by the present invention; Figure 3The overall process streamlined block diagram of the specific working steps in the design stage provided by the present invention; Figure 4 The overall process streamlined block diagram of the specific working steps in the prefabrication process provided by the present invention; Figure 5 The overall process streamlined block diagram of the specific working steps in the on-site preparation provided by the present invention; Figure 6 The overall process streamlined block diagram of the specific working steps in the hoisting and installation provided by the present invention; Figure 7 The overall process streamlined block diagram of the specific working steps in the connection and debugging provided by the present invention; Figure 8 The overall process streamlined block diagram of the specific operation steps in the hoisting path simulation and optimization of step S104 provided by the present invention; Figure 9 The overall process streamlined block diagram of the specific operation steps in the dynamic adjustment and plan retention of step S105 provided by the present invention.

[0076] In the specific implementation process, as Figures 1 - 9 shown, a construction method for the overall pre-assembly of a steel structure hoistway elevator provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0077] S1: Design stage, use BIM technology combined with artificial intelligence algorithms to establish a three-dimensional model, accurately plan the position and size of the hoistway, and use three-dimensional laser scanning technology to compare the design drawings with the actual construction dimensions, correct the BIM model, and simulate the hoisting path through BIM5D software combined with machine learning algorithms to optimize the hoisting sequence and equipment position;

[0078] S2: Prefabrication, divide the steel structure hoistway into standardized modules to ensure interchangeability, complete module processing and pre-assembly in the factory to ensure dimensional accuracy, and uniquely identify each module to ensure traceability of on-site installation;

[0079] S3: On-site preparation, clean and detect the flatness of the reserved installation position, carry out rebar planting operations according to the design drawings to ensure the connection strength, and test the bearing capacity of the foundation at the reserved position;

[0080] S4: Hoisting and installation, use an adaptive balance sling to hoist the elevator main body along the prefabricated slideway, hoist the counterweight block with reference to the main body hoisting path to ensure balance performance, and monitor the environmental changes in real time during the hoisting process to ensure hoisting safety;

[0081] S5: Connection and debugging, quickly connect the electrical circuits through preset magnetic quick-insert interfaces, conduct simulation tests on the elevator running speed, leveling accuracy, etc., and conduct insulation tests and grounding tests on the electrical circuits.

[0082] The specific working steps in the design stage of step S1 are as follows:

[0083] S101: Data collection and summary. According to the building design requirements issued by the architectural design institute, the building construction floor height, and the elevator specification level, summarize the indicators of the steel structure hoistway and divide them into several standard modules;

[0084] S102: Model drawing and planning. Use BIM technology to accurately draw a data model to confirm the hoistway location and size planning;

[0085] S103: Measurement and comparison. Use 3D laser scanning technology to comprehensively measure the existing construction building, compare the design drawings issued by the architectural design institute with the actual construction position and size, and use the obtained on-site measurement data to correct the BIM data model drawn in the model drawing and planning in step S102;

[0086] S104: Hoisting path simulation and optimization. Import the corrected BIM data model into BIM5D software, combine machine learning algorithms to simulate the hoisting path, optimize the hoisting sequence and equipment position, reserve space for external factor influences, and use edge computing technology to adjust the hoisting path planning in real time to ensure the optimality of the hoisting path;

[0087] S105: Dynamic adjustment and plan retention. Use Internet of Things technology to collect construction site data in real time, dynamically adjust the BIM model, adjust the hoisting path and construction plan according to the real-time data, summarize the optimized best hoisting path and construction plan, including the selection, sequence, method, and key parameters of hoisting equipment, and archive and store the plan for reference in subsequent construction.

[0088] The specific working steps of step S2 prefabrication are as follows:

[0089] S201: Receive prefabrication data. Receive the material processing prefabrication data planned in step S103 measurement and comparison. When receiving the data, check the integrity and accuracy of the data to ensure that the data is correct. At the same time, establish a data management system to classify, store, and manage the prefabrication data for convenient subsequent query and use;

[0090] S202: Processing and prefabrication. Perform prefabrication according to the material processing prefabrication data requirements received in step S201. During the processing, strictly operate according to the processing technology and quality standards to ensure the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the prefabricated parts. Use advanced processing equipment and technology to improve processing efficiency and quality stability;

[0091] S203: Prefabrication and assembly. Assemble the processed and prefabricated materials. Before assembly, inspect the quality of the prefabricated parts to ensure no defects and damages. During the assembly process, position and connect according to the design requirements, and use appropriate connection methods such as welding and bolt connection to ensure the structural strength and stability after assembly;

[0092] S204: Selective transportation. According to the time and driving route obtained from the simulation and optimization of the hoisting path in step S104, transport the processed components and materials to the construction site in advance. Before transportation, a detailed transportation plan should be formulated, including transportation route, transportation vehicle, transportation time, etc. At the same time, properly package and protect the components and materials to prevent damage during transportation.

[0093] The specific working steps of step S3 on-site preparation are as follows:

[0094] S301: Construction cleaning. Clean the reserved installation position for the hoistway elevator, and the cleaning scope includes surrounding sundries, construction waste, etc., to ensure the construction site is clean. At the same time, check and process the foundation of the reserved position to ensure that the bearing capacity and stability of the foundation meet the requirements.

[0095] S302: Structural reservation. Reserve the constructional column teeth according to the design drawings of the design institute. During the reservation process, strictly control the size, spacing, and position of the constructional column teeth to ensure they meet the design requirements. At the same time, protect the reserved constructional column teeth to prevent damage during subsequent construction.

[0096] S303: Reinforcement treatment. Determine the rebar planting positions according to the design drawings, and use professional drilling equipment and rebar planting glue to carry out rebar planting operations at the constructional column teeth. Before drilling, position and mark the drilling positions to ensure the accuracy of the drilling positions. During the rebar planting process, strictly operate according to the usage instructions of the rebar planting glue to ensure that the anchoring force of the rebar meets the requirements.

[0097] S304: Equipment adjustment. Adjust the height of the tower crane on-site to the height of the tower crane obtained from the simulation and optimization calculation of the hoisting path in step S104. At the same time, repair and reinforce the scaffolding of the building. When adjusting the height of the tower crane, strictly operate according to the operating procedures to ensure the safe operation of the tower crane. When repairing and reinforcing the scaffolding, check whether the connecting parts and members of the scaffolding are firm, and promptly handle the parts with potential safety hazards.

[0098] The specific working steps of step S4 hoisting and installation are as follows:

[0099] S401: Equipment and material arrival at the site. Receive the prefabricated components and materials transported by the selective transportation in step S204 to the construction site. When receiving, inspect the equipment and materials to check whether their specifications, quantities, and qualities meet the requirements. At the same time, store the equipment and materials separately and take protective measures to prevent moisture, rust, etc.

[0100] S402: Steel structure welding, welding the other end of the steel bar implanted in the tooth joint in step S303 to the vertical side adjacent to the prefabricated and transported steel structure component. Before welding, the welding part should be cleaned and polished to ensure the welding quality. During the welding process, the welding process should be strictly operated according to the welding process parameters, and appropriate welding methods and welding materials should be used to ensure the strength and sealing of the welded joint;

[0101] S403: Pouring and combining, closing the concrete formwork on both sides of the position after the steel structure is welded in step S402, and pouring concrete from the top of the closed formwork, and removing the concrete formwork after the concrete reaches the demoulding strength standard, so that the steel structure and the building exterior wall become one. Before pouring concrete, the formwork must be inspected and reinforced to ensure the sealing and stability of the formwork. During the pouring process, the pouring speed and pouring height of the concrete must be controlled to ensure the density of the concrete;

[0102] S404: Installation of the base. Install the elevator base at the bottom of the shaft. Before installation, check and process the base foundation to ensure that the flatness and bearing capacity of the base meet the requirements. During the installation process, position and fix the base according to the design requirements, and use appropriate connection methods to ensure the stability of the base.

[0103] S405: elevator hoisting. According to the optimal construction hoisting path obtained by hoisting path simulation and optimization calculation in step S104, the elevator body is hoisted along the internal slideway of the prefabricated steel structure component using an adaptive balancing hoist. Before hoisting, the hoisting device and slideway must be inspected and debugged to ensure their safety and reliability. During the hoisting process, the hoisting plan must be strictly followed to control the hoisting speed and hoisting height to ensure that the elevator body is stably positioned.

[0104] It should be noted that the model of the adaptive balancing sling is the adaptive balancing tooling sling. The principle of the sling is composed of guide rails, slides, fixed blocks, connecting blocks, thrust joint bearings, primary beams, and suspension rods. The slide slides on the guide rails, and the connecting block is connected to the primary beam through the thrust joint bearing. During the movement, when passing through the vertical track turn and the horizontal turn, the primary beam can swing flexibly through the thrust joint bearing without causing additional resistance to the slide.

[0105] It has the advantages of reducing the pressure on the guide rail, making vertical and horizontal turns smoother, reducing the workload of subsequent maintenance and repair caused by guide rail wear, and increasing the service life of the equipment.

[0106] It is more suitable for lifting operations that require frequent turns or in environments with limited space, such as lifting elevator parts in narrow spaces such as elevator shafts.

[0107] S406: Counterweight hoisting. Referring to the hoisting path adopted in the elevator hoisting in step S405, an adaptive balance sling is also used to hoist the hoistway elevator and the counterweight as a whole. When hoisting the counterweight, attention should be paid to the selection of the center of gravity position and the hoisting point of the counterweight to ensure the safety and stability of the hoisting process. At the same time, the installation position of the counterweight should be accurately adjusted to ensure the balance performance of the elevator;

[0108] S407: Installation of protection. According to the installation interval obtained from the hoisting path simulation and optimization calculation in step S104, if the main structure is not completed in the installation interval, protective components should be installed. If the main structure is completed in the installation interval, directly proceed to the next step. When installing protective components, appropriate protective materials and protection methods should be selected to ensure the safety of construction workers. The installation of protective components should be firm and reliable, meeting the requirements of safety codes.

[0109] The specific working steps of step S5 connection and commissioning are as follows:

[0110] S501: Removal of protective components. After the completion of the building main body, remove the protective components installed in the installation of protection in step S407. If not installed, directly proceed to the next step. When removing the protective components, attention should be paid to the removal sequence and safety measures to prevent the protective components from falling and injuring people. At the same time, organize and recycle the removed protective components for subsequent reuse;

[0111] S502: Installation of electrical equipment. Use a general tower crane to hoist the electrical equipment that drives the elevator to operate reciprocally. Before hoisting, the electrical equipment should be inspected and debugged to ensure its good performance. During hoisting, attention should be paid to the protection of the electrical equipment to prevent it from being collided and damaged. After installation, the electrical equipment should be fixed and wired to ensure its firm installation and correct wiring;

[0112] S503: Traction installation. Connect the elevator main body, counterweight and operating equipment through the traction rope. Before connection, the traction rope should be inspected and tested to ensure that its strength and safety meet the requirements. During the connection process, install according to the design requirements and adjust the tension of the traction rope to ensure the normal operation of the elevator;

[0113] S504: Circuit connection. Connect each electrical circuit through quick-connect interfaces. Before connection, the circuits should be marked and organized to ensure correct circuit connection. After connection, insulation testing and grounding testing should be carried out on the circuits to ensure the safety performance of the electrical system;

[0114] S505: Conduct a running test to perform a performance simulation test on the installed elevator, analyze and retain the data obtained from the simulation. During the test, operate in accordance with the operating specifications and standards of the elevator to test various performance indicators of the elevator, such as running speed, leveling accuracy, safety protection devices, etc. Record and analyze the test data in detail, promptly discover and solve problems to ensure the quality and safety of the elevator.

[0115] The specific operating steps for the hoisting path simulation and optimization in step S104 are as follows:

[0116] S601: Data import. For data import and integration, completely and accurately import the final BIM data model of the hoisting path simulation and optimization in step S104 into the BIM5D software. During the import process, check the integrity and accuracy of the model to ensure that various information in the model, such as geometric information, attribute information, etc., can be correctly imported. At the same time, classify and organize the imported data for convenient subsequent simulation analysis;

[0117] S602: Confirm the position. In the BIM5D software, simulate and determine the initial positions and postures of the hoisting equipment and each component to ensure that there is no collision interference in the initial state. When setting the initial positions and postures, consider the actual situation of the construction site, such as site space, surrounding buildings and other factors. At the same time, check and verify the set initial state multiple times to ensure its rationality and safety;

[0118] S603: Path analysis. Simulate the ideal hoisting path planning, reserve space for the influence of external factors, simulate the tower crane hoisting path in multiple directions and angles and analyze and compare. During the simulation, consider various possible external factors, such as wind speed, wind direction, obstacles, etc., on the hoisting path. Through multi-directional and multi-angle simulation, find the optimal hoisting path to improve the efficiency and safety of the hoisting operation;

[0119] S604: Hoisting optimization. Try to change the initial position of the hoisting equipment, adjust the hoisting sequence, and optimize the hoisting point positions of the components to improve the quality of the hoisting path. Conduct simulation and analysis again to verify whether the optimized hoisting path meets the requirements of the evaluation indicators and make adjustments and optimizations. Finally, obtain the best hoisting path. During the optimization process, comprehensively consider various factors, such as hoisting efficiency, safety performance, cost, etc. Through multiple simulations and analyses, continuously adjust and optimize the hoisting plan to obtain the best hoisting path;

[0120] S605: Scheme retention. Summarize and explain the optimized best hoisting path, including the selection, sequence, method of the hoisting equipment and key parameters, and file and store it. When summarizing and explaining, record all details of the hoisting plan in detail for reference in subsequent construction. At the same time, archive and store the scheme for convenient subsequent query and use.

[0121] The specific operation steps for dynamic adjustment and plan retention in step S105 include the following steps:

[0122] S701: Data parsing. Extract the hoisting-related data from the simulation results obtained in the hoisting path simulation and optimization calculation in step S104, and classify and organize it according to the parameters of hoisting equipment, component characteristics, and environmental conditions. When extracting data, ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data. Analyze and summarize the classified and organized data to find the laws and relationships between the data, providing a basis for subsequent calculations;

[0123] S702: Actual environment collection. Actually collect and obtain the weather forecast data at the construction site for a period of time in the future, including natural information such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation probability. At the same time, collect the situation of buildings, roads, and overhead lines around the construction site of the building, and determine the influence range and degree on the hoisting operation as important calculation parameters. When collecting data, communicate and cooperate with local meteorological departments, planning departments, etc. to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the data. Conduct a detailed analysis of the collected data to evaluate its influence degree on the hoisting operation;

[0124] S703: Construction progress collection. Communicate with the construction management team to obtain the construction progress plan of the entire project, and at the same time clarify the key nodes of the hoisting operation in the project and the connection requirements of the previous and subsequent processes, and track the actual progress of the construction site in real time, record the completed work content and the remaining workload, so as to adjust the calculation of the hoisting interval according to the actual progress. During the communication and tracking process, establish an effective information communication mechanism to ensure the timely transmission and update of the construction progress information. Analyze and predict the construction progress data to provide an accurate basis for the calculation of the hoisting interval;

[0125] S704: Calculate the optimal hoisting interval. Calculate the interval of the hoisting nodes through the various data parameters collected on-site and the data parameters obtained by simulation, so as to obtain the optimal hoisting interval. During the calculation process, adopt scientific calculation methods and models, comprehensively consider the influence of various factors on the hoisting operation. At the same time, verify and adjust the calculation results multiple times to ensure the rationality and accuracy of the optimal hoisting interval;

[0126] It should be noted that the specific calculation formula for S704: Calculate the optimal hoisting interval is as follows:

[0127] 1. Data preparation and symbol definition

[0128] Let the entire construction time range be [T], which is divided into n discrete time points t1, t2, …, t n .

[0129] Simulation data

[0130] E(ti): The hoisting efficiency obtained from the simulation analysis at time point ti.

[0131] L(ti): The length of the component movement path simulated at time point ti.

[0132] D(ti): The load of the hoisting equipment simulated at time point ti.

[0133] Actual environmental data

[0134] T(t i ):The actual temperature at time point t i .

[0135] H(t i ):The actual humidity at time point t i .

[0136] V(t i ):The actual wind speed at time point t i .

[0137] θ(t i ):The actual wind direction at time point t i .

[0138] R(t i ):The precipitation probability at time point t i .

[0139] J b (t i ):The influence coefficient of surrounding buildings on the hoisting operation at time point t i .

[0140] J r (t i ):The influence coefficient of surrounding roads on the hoisting operation at time point t i .

[0141] J l (t i ):The influence coefficient of surrounding overhead lines on the hoisting operation at time point t i .

[0142] Construction progress data

[0143] P p (ti): The completion ratio of the project construction progress plan at time point t i .

[0144] p a (t i ):The actual completion progress ratio at the construction site at time point t i .

[0145] Weight parameter

[0146] α E ,α L ,α D : are the weights of the hoisting efficiency, component movement path, and equipment load in the simulation data, respectively, and α E +α L +α D = 1.

[0147] β T ,β H ,β W ,β D ,β P ,β B ,β R ,β L : are the weights of temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, precipitation probability, surrounding buildings, surrounding roads, and surrounding overhead lines in the actual environmental data, respectively, and β T +β H +β W +β D +β P +β B +β R +β L = 1.

[0148] γ: The weight of the construction progress data, and the sum of γ and the comprehensive weights of the simulation data and the actual environmental data is 1.

[0149] δ: The weight of the simulation data in the comprehensive simulation of the simulation and the actual environmental data, 0 ≤ δ ≤ 1.

[0150] 2. Calculation of the evaluation value of each part

[0151] Comprehensive evaluation value of the simulation data

[0152] S sim (t i ) = δ(α E ·E(t i ) + α L ·L(ti) + α D ·D(ti))

[0153] Comprehensive evaluation value of the actual environmental data

[0154] Senv(ti)

[0155] = (1 - δ)(β T ·T(ti) + β H ·H(ti) +,β W ·W(ti)

[0156] + β D·D(ti) + β P ·P(ti) + β B ·B(ti) + β R

[0157] ·R(ti) + β L ·L(ti))

[0158] Construction progress evaluation value

[0159] S prog (ti) = γ(P p (ti) - P a (ti))

[0160] Comprehensive evaluation value

[0161] S total (ti) = S sim (ti) + S env (ti) + S prog (ti)

[0162] 3. Determination of the optimal hoisting interval

[0163] Set the threshold β, and the set of time points that satisfy S total (t i ) ≥ β is M,

[0164] M = t i ∣S total (t i ) ≥ β.

[0165] Arrange the time points in set M in order and find the continuous time point intervals among them;

[0166] Assume that the elements in M are in order t i1 , t i2 , …, t ik . If there exist t ij and t ij+1 such that t ij+1 - t ij is continuous, then [t_{i_j}, t_{i_{j + 1}}}] is a possible hoisting interval.;

[0167] All such continuous intervals form the optimal hoisting interval set Ω.

[0168] 4. Comparative analysis during the verification process

[0169] Let the actual hoisting time be T actual , and evaluate the accuracy of the formula by calculating the ratio of the intersection length to the union length of the two (i.e., the Jaccard similarity coefficient);

[0170]

[0171] where ∣Ω∩T actual ∣ represents the length of the interval (for multiple intervals, it is the sum of the lengths of each interval);

[0172] The closer the J value is to 1, the more consistent the optimal hoisting interval calculated by the formula is with the actual hoisting interval.

[0173] S704: Calculate the optimal hoisting interval, calculate the interval of the hoisting nodes through the various data parameters collected on-site and the data parameters obtained by simulation, so as to obtain the optimal hoisting interval;

[0174] S705: Compile a calculation report, based on the optimal hoisting interval calculated in step S704, compile a detailed hoisting interval calculation report, and convey the hoisting plan to the relevant construction personnel and management personnel, and organize technical disclosure and safety training to ensure that the hoisting operation can be smoothly implemented according to the plan;

[0175] S706: Convey the hoisting plan book, integrate the report obtained from the calculation report compiled in step S705 and the plan summarized in the plan retention in step S605, compile it into a hoisting plan book, and convey it to the relevant personnel and organize technical disclosure and safety training;

[0176] S707: Real-time tracking and dynamic adjustment, monitor the changes in the environment, equipment and construction progress in real time during the hoisting operation, and adjust the hoisting interval in a timely manner when the deviation is large.

[0177] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, shall be similarly included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for the integral pre-assembly of a steel structure hoistway elevator, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1: Design stage, using BIM technology combined with artificial intelligence algorithms to establish a 3D model, accurately planning the position and size of the hoistway, and using 3D laser scanning technology to compare the design drawings with the actual construction dimensions, correcting the BIM model, and simulating the hoisting path through BIM5D software combined with machine learning algorithms to optimize the hoisting sequence and equipment position; S2: Prefabrication, dividing the steel structure hoistway into standardized modules to ensure interchangeability, completing module processing and pre-assembly in the factory to ensure dimensional accuracy, and uniquely identifying each module to ensure traceability of on-site installation; S3: Site preparation, cleaning and leveling detection of the reserved installation position, carrying out rebar planting operations according to the design drawings to ensure connection strength, and testing the bearing capacity of the foundation at the reserved position; S4: Hoisting and installation, using an adaptive balance spreader to hoist the elevator main body along the prefabricated slideway, hoisting the counterweight according to the main body hoisting path to ensure balance performance, and monitoring environmental changes in real time during hoisting to ensure hoisting safety; S5: Connection and commissioning, quickly connecting the electrical circuits through preset magnetic quick-insert interfaces, conducting simulation tests on elevator running speed, leveling accuracy, etc., and conducting insulation tests and grounding tests on the electrical circuits.

2. The construction method for the overall pre-assembly of the steel structure hoistway elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific working steps of the design stage in step S1 are as follows: S101: Data collection and summary, based on the building design requirements issued by the architectural design institute, the building construction floor height, and the elevator specification level, summarizing the indicators of the steel structure hoistway and dividing it into several standard modules; S102: Model drawing and planning, accurately drawing a data model using BIM technology to confirm the hoistway position and size planning; S103: Measurement and comparison, using 3D laser scanning technology to comprehensively measure the existing construction building, comparing the design drawings issued by the architectural design institute with the actual construction position dimensions, and correcting the BIM data model drawn in step S102 model drawing and planning with the on-site measurement data obtained from the comparison; S104: Hoisting path simulation and optimization, importing the corrected BIM data model into BIM5D software, simulating the hoisting path combined with machine learning algorithms to optimize the hoisting sequence and equipment position, reserving space for external factor influence, and adjusting the hoisting path planning in real time through edge computing technology to ensure the optimality of the hoisting path; S105: Dynamic adjustment and plan retention, using the Internet of Things technology to collect construction site data in real time, dynamically adjusting the BIM model, adjusting the hoisting path and construction plan according to the real-time data, summarizing the optimized best hoisting path and construction plan, including the selection, sequence, method, and key parameters of hoisting equipment, and archiving the plan for reference in subsequent construction.

3. The construction method for integral pre-assembly of a steel structure hoistway elevator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific working steps of the prefabrication in step S2 are as follows: S201: Modular design, dividing the steel structure hoistway into several standardized modules according to the BIM model to ensure the generality and interchangeability of the modules, and reasonably determining the size and weight of the modules considering the transportation and installation convenience of the modules; S202: Processing and prefabrication: Material selection and procurement are carried out strictly in accordance with design requirements to ensure that the quality of materials meets national standards and project requirements. Each batch of materials is strictly inspected for quality, including the strength and toughness of steel. Advanced processing equipment and processes are used in the factory to process and prefabricate modules to ensure dimensional accuracy. Each module is uniquely identified to facilitate traceability and management of on-site installation. S203: Prefabrication and assembly: pre-assemble the modules in the factory to ensure that the connection and coordination between the modules meet the design requirements, check the structural strength and stability of the modules, and ensure the safety of the modules during transportation and installation; S204: Transport at a selected time, transporting the processed components and materials to the construction site in advance according to the time and path obtained by the hoisting path simulation and optimization in step S104.

4. The construction method for integral pre-assembly of a steel structure hoistway elevator according to claim 3, characterized in that, The specific working steps of the on-site preparation in step S3 are as follows: S301: Construction cleaning: cleaning the reserved installation location for installing the hoistway elevator; S302: Structural reservation, make tooth joint reservation according to the drawings set by the design institute; S303: Reinforcement treatment: determine the location of the rebar according to the design drawings, and use professional drilling equipment and rebar glue to perform rebar planting operations at the tooth joints; S304: Equipment adjustment: adjusting the height of the tower crane on site to make it at the tower crane height obtained by the hoisting path simulation and optimization in S104, and at the same time inspecting and reinforcing the scaffolding of the building.

5. The construction method for integral pre-assembly of a steel structure hoistway elevator according to claim 4, characterized in that, The specific working steps of the hoisting and installation in step S4 are as follows: S401: Equipment and materials are brought in, and the prefabricated components and materials transported in the step S204 are received and transported to the construction site; S402: Steel structure welding, welding the other end of the steel bar implanted into the tooth joint in the step S303 to the vertical side adjacent to the prefabricated and transported steel structure component; S403: pouring and combining, closing the concrete formwork on both sides of the position after the steel structure is welded in step S402, and pouring concrete from the top of the closed formwork, and removing the concrete formwork after the concrete reaches the demolding strength standard, so that the steel structure and the building exterior wall become one; S404: Installation of base: installation of the elevator base at the bottom of the hoistway; S405: elevator hoisting, according to the optimal construction hoisting path obtained by the hoisting path simulation and optimization in step S104, the elevator body is hoisted along the internal slideway of the prefabricated steel structure component using an adaptive balancing hoist; S406: counterweight hoisting, referring to the hoisting path adopted in the elevator hoisting in step S405, the hoisting of the hoistway elevator and the counterweight block is also performed as a whole using an adaptive balancing hoist; S407: Install protection. According to the hoisting path simulation and optimization calculation in step S104, the installation interval is obtained. If the main structure is not completed during the installation interval, the protection component is installed. If the main structure is completed during the installation interval, proceed directly to the next step.

6. The construction method for integral pre-assembly of a steel structure hoistway elevator according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific working steps of step S5 connection and debugging are as follows: S501: Remove the protective components. After the building main body is completed, remove the protective components installed in step S407 for installation. If not installed, directly proceed to the next step; S502: Install electrical equipment. Use a general tower crane to hoist the electrical equipment that drives the elevator to operate reciprocally; S503: Traction installation. Connect the elevator main body, counterweight, and operating equipment through a traction rope; S504: Line connection. Connect each electrical line through a quick-insert interface; S505: Operation test. Conduct a performance simulation test on the installed elevator, and analyze and retain the data obtained from the simulation.

7. The construction method for integral pre-assembly of a steel structure hoistway elevator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific operation steps of the hoisting path simulation and optimization in step S104 include the following steps: S601: Data import. Import the final BIM data model obtained from the measurement and comparison in step S103 into the BIM5D software completely and accurately; S602: Confirm the position. Simulate and determine the initial positions and postures of the hoisting equipment and each component in the BIM5D software to ensure that there is no collision interference in the initial state; S603: Path analysis. Simulate the ideal hoisting path planning, reserve the space affected by external factors, simulate the hoisting path of the tower crane in multiple directions and angles, and analyze and compare; S604: Hoisting optimization. Try to change the initial position of the hoisting equipment, adjust the hoisting sequence, and optimize the hoisting point positions of the components to improve the quality of the hoisting path. Conduct simulation and analysis again to verify whether the optimized hoisting path meets the requirements of the evaluation indicators, and make adjustments and optimizations. Finally, obtain the best hoisting path; S605: Scheme retention. Summarize and explain the best optimized hoisting path, including the selection, sequence, method of the hoisting equipment, and key parameters, and file and store them.

8. The construction method for integral pre-assembly of a steel structure hoistway elevator according to claim 7, characterized in that, The specific operation steps of the dynamic adjustment and scheme retention in step S105 include the following steps: S701: Data parsing. Extract the hoisting-related data from the simulation results calculated in the hoisting path simulation and optimization in step S104, and classify and organize them according to the hoisting equipment parameters, component characteristics, and environmental conditions; S702: Actual environment collection. Actually collect and obtain the weather forecast data at the construction site in the next period of time, including natural information such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation probability. At the same time, collect the buildings, roads, and overhead lines around the construction site of the building, and determine the influence range and degree on the hoisting operation as important calculation parameters; S703: Construction progress collection. Communicate with the construction management team to obtain the construction progress plan of the entire project. At the same time, clarify the key nodes of the hoisting operation in the project and the connection requirements of the front and back processes, and track the actual progress of the construction site in real time, record the completed work content and the remaining workload, so as to adjust the calculation of the hoisting interval according to the actual progress; S704: Calculate the optimal hoisting interval. Calculate the interval of the hoisting nodes through the various data parameters collected on-site and the data parameters obtained from the simulation to obtain the optimal hoisting interval; S705: Prepare a calculation report. Based on the optimal hoisting range calculated in step S704, prepare a detailed hoisting range calculation report, and convey the hoisting plan to relevant construction personnel and management personnel, and organize technical disclosure and safety training to ensure that the hoisting operation can be smoothly implemented according to the plan; S706: Convey the hoisting plan. Integrate the report obtained from the calculation report prepared in step S705 and the plan summarized from the plan retention in step S605, prepare a hoisting plan, convey it to relevant personnel, and organize technical disclosure and safety training; S707: Real-time tracking and dynamic adjustment. During the hoisting operation, monitor the changes in the environment, equipment, and construction progress in real time, and adjust the hoisting range in a timely manner when the deviation is large.

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