The invention relates to a rod climbing robot, which includes stepping motors, a circuit board, rollers, rubber bands, a circuit board fixing frame, a supporter, a sleeve, a screw thread connecting rod, a nut, a stationary roller, an elastic switch and a gray scale sensor. The two sides of the supporter are respectively provided with one stepping motor and one roller connected with the stepping motor. Each roller is connected on the supporter through the sleeve. Each roller is entwined by four rubber bands. A switch of the stepping motor is connected with the elastic switch. The elastic switch controls the motors and a small horn to work and also plays the role of controlling the moving direction. The gray scale sensor is arranged below the rod climbing robot. When the robot descends near the ground, the gray scale sensor generates a high-low level change as the beam goes dark; the rod climbing robot generates a speed reduction motion and stops gradually to realize the soft loading of the robot. The invention replaces pneumatic motion or hydraulic motion to supply power improves the working quality and efficiency and greatly improves the safety factors for working high above the ground.