SnInPd oxide based on electrostatic spinning, preparation method of SnInPd oxide and application of SnInPd oxide to hydrogen sensor

Abstract

According to the SnInPd oxide based on electrostatic spinning, stannic chloride pentahydrate, indium chloride tetrahydrate, palladium chloride and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) serve as raw materials, DMF serves as a solvent, an SIP-PVP film is formed through electrostatic spinning, and then the SnInPd oxide based on electrostatic spinning can be obtained after calcination. The microstructure of the SIP-PVP is a nanofiber three-dimensional network which is composed of nanofibers with the diameter of 100-200nm and has a dispersed structure; the microstructure of the SIPO is not substantially different from that of the SIP-PVP. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1, preparing an electrostatic spinning solution; 2, preparing an electrostatic spinning membrane; and 3, calcining the electrostatic spinning membrane. When the hydrogen sensor is used as a hydrogen sensor, the optimal working temperature is 270 DEG C, the response value is 32, the response time is 1s, and the recovery time is 10s; the hydrogen concentration range is 1000-10 ppm, and the lower limit of sensitivity is 10 ppm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sensors, and particularly relates to an SnInPd oxide based on electrospinning, a preparation method thereof, and an application in a hydrogen sensor. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy has the advantages of high combustion heat (1.42×10 8 J / Kg) and low density (0.0899 kg / m 3 ). However, when the proportion of hydrogen in the air is 4-75%, an explosion can occur with only 0.017 mJ of energy. Therefore, during the use of hydrogen, a hydrogen sensor is required to detect its content in the air. Among the currently common hydrogen sensors, resistance-type sensors based on semiconductor metal oxides (SnO2, In2O3, ZnO, WO3) have the advantages of low cost, simple preparation process, and long-term stability. However, using only metal oxides has the problem of low sensitivity to hydrogen. Therefore, noble metals such as Pd and Pt need to be introduced to improve the sensitivity to hydrogen. For example, the existing literature 1 (Cai Z, Park S. Ultrasensitive hydrogen sensor based on porous-structured Pd-decorated In2O3 nanoparticle-embedded SnO2 nanofibers [J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2022, 367: 132090.) provides a hydrogen sensor based on porous-structured Pd-decorated In2O3 nanoparticles embedded in SnO2 nanofibers. By adding In2O3 nanoparticles to the electrospinning solution, nanofibers of SnO2 coated with In2O3 are formed through electrospinning and calcination, and finally Pd is loaded. Although this technical solution has selectivity to hydrogen under the conditions of a working temperature of 250°C and a gas concentration of 100 ppm, and the detection limit reaches 0.1 ppm, this technical solution has the technical problems of a response time of 60 s and a recovery time of 388 s. The reason is that the size of the obtained In2O3 nanoparticles in this technical solution lacks consistency, and SnO2 wraps the In2O3 nanoparticles, making it almost impossible for the surface of In2O3 to be exposed, hindering the contact between the materials of each component and hydrogen, thereby affecting the transmission of electrons between the materials, and finally resulting in the problems of long response time and recovery time.

[0003] Therefore, to solve the problem of the response and recovery time of the sensor, the response and recovery time to gas can be reduced by doping. For example, the existing literature 2 (Hsu K C, Fang T H, Tang I T, et al. Mechanism and characteristics of Au-functionalized SnO2 / In2O3 nanofibers for highly sensitive CO detection[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 822: 153475.) discloses a kind of Au-functionalized SnO2 / In2O3 nanofiber. SnO2-doped In2O3 nanofibers are constructed by electrospinning technology, and finally Au particles are sprayed and sputtered. Although the response time and recovery time of this technical solution are less than 30 s, the response value at a hydrogen concentration of 100 ppm is only 17.45%. The reason for the decrease in the above response value is that although doping SnO2 into In2O3 can shorten the response and recovery time, due to the spraying and sputtering process used, the diameter of the obtained gold nanoparticles reaches 14 ± 3 nm. The too large gold nanoparticles directly lead to a significant reduction in the contact area between the nanofibers and the surrounding gas, resulting in a significant decrease in the response value while improving the response time and recovery time.

[0004] To simultaneously improve the response time, recovery time and response value, it can be improved by regulating the morphology of the material and increasing the active sites of contact. For example, the existing literature 3 (Dong, Chengjun, et al. "Nonaqueous synthesis of Pd-functionalized SnO2 / In2O3 nanocomposites for excellent butane sensing properties." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 257(2018): 419 - 426.) discloses a kind of Pd-functionalized SnO2 / In2O3 nanocomposite. Through hydrothermal method and calcination, Sn, In and Pd are formed into nano-particle oxides with a particle size of 3 - 5 nm. Compared with the method of spraying and sputtering Au particles used in the existing literature 2, this technical solution realizes noble metal elements by adding PdCl2, thereby improving the performance of SnO2 / In2O3. The response value is increased from 29.27 to 71.28, and the response time and recovery time are only 3.51 s and 7.86 s. The reason for obtaining this technical effect is that the nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal method have the characteristic of a large specific surface area, reaching 23.47 m 2 / g. However, there is a new technical problem with this technical solution. Specifically, benzyl alcohol is used as a solvent. Benzyl alcohol is an environmental pollutant, resulting in environmental problems.

[0005] As can be seen from the aforementioned prior art, compared with the hydrothermal synthesis method, the electrospinning method has the characteristics that the obtained material has a high specific surface area, and the fiber diameter and pore size are controllable. The high specific surface area can improve the sensitivity and fast response speed of the sensor material; the controllability of the fiber diameter and pore size can improve the selectivity to gases; in addition, the electrospinning method also avoids the use of organic solvents, that is, it has the characteristics of being non-toxic and pollution-free. For example, the existing literature 4 (Xing Q, Cai Y, Zhang M. A sub-second response / recovery hydrogen sensor based on multifunctional palladium oxide modified heterojunctions[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2024, 401: 134956.) discloses a kind of nanofibers with Pd-modified SnO2 and ZnO. The metal salt and PVP are uniformly mixed together, and through electrospinning and calcination, they are formed into integrated oxide nanofibers. The specific surface area of the material reaches 70.14m 2 / g, with mesopores of 9.8 nm in size, making the response and recovery time of the material only 0.8 s at a hydrogen concentration of 50 ppm. The response to hydrogen is much higher than that to gases such as ammonia, carbon monoxide, and methane, and the lowest hydrogen detection limit is 5 ppm. This technical solution is a one-step electrospinning method, which has the advantage of simple process. However, the problem with this technical solution is that the working temperature of the obtained sensor material is as high as 380 °C. The reason is that there is a problem of too high a proportion of metal salt in the solution preparation process of this technical solution, which in turn leads to a lattice oxygen as high as 71.8% formed by calcination, and finally results in a relatively high working temperature. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide an SnInPd oxide based on electrospinning, its preparation method, and application in a hydrogen sensor. The basic principle of the present invention is that through the electrospinning technology, nanoscale fibrous materials are prepared. Only one-step electrospinning and sintering are required to form an integrated oxide of Sn element, In element, and Pd element. By controlling the microstructure through electrospinning, the migration rate of carriers is improved, thereby improving the gas-sensing performance. The specific functions of each component are as follows:

[0007] 1. The role of trace palladium chloride is to improve the sensitivity of the metal oxide to hydrogen;

[0008] 2. The function of the electrospinning technique is to control the microscopic morphology, obtain materials with a large specific surface area, high electron mobility, high porosity, good dispersibility, and good crystallinity, and to uniformly disperse each component.

[0009] 3. Based on the electrospinning technique process, it avoids the technical problems of a large amount of organic solvents used in the hydrothermal method.

[0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0011] A SnInPd oxide based on electrospinning, using tin tetrachloride pentahydrate, indium trichloride tetrahydrate, palladium chloride, and polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP as raw materials, DMF as a solvent, forming a SIP-PVP membrane through electrospinning, and then after calcination, a SnInPd oxide based on electrospinning can be obtained, simply referred to as SIPO; the microscopic morphology of the SIP-PVP membrane is a three-dimensional nanofiber network with a dispersed structure composed of nanofibers, where the diameter of the nanofibers is 100 - 200 nm; the microscopic morphology of the SIPO has no substantial difference from that of the SIP-PVP membrane, that is, it remains a three-dimensional nanofiber network with a dispersed structure composed of nanofibers, where the diameter of the nanofibers is 100 - 200 nm.

[0012] A preparation method of a SnInPd oxide based on electrospinning, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Step 1, preparation of the electrospinning solution. First, tin tetrachloride pentahydrate SnCl4·5H2O, indium trichloride tetrahydrate InCl3·4H2O, and palladium chloride PdCl2 satisfy a certain molar ratio. Using DMF as a solvent, SnCl4·5H2O, InCl3·4H2O, and PdCl2 are placed in the DMF solution, and ultrasonic treatment and stirring are carried out under certain conditions to obtain a metal salt solution. Then, a certain amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP is added to the metal salt solution and stirred under certain conditions to obtain a SnInPd-PVP electrospinning solution, simply referred to as a SIP-PVP electrospinning solution.

[0014] In the said Step 1, the molar ratio of SnCl4·5H2O, InCl3·4H2O, and PdCl2 is 150:50:1.

[0015] The molecular weight of the said PVP is 1300000, and the addition amount of PVP satisfies that the mass ratio of DMF to PVP is 8:1.

[0016] In the said Step 1, the conditions for ultrasonic treatment and stirring are that the ultrasonic time is 5 - 10 min.

[0017] In the said step 1, the conditions for stirring are that the stirring time is 12 - 14 h;

[0018] Step 2, preparation of the electrospun membrane. Under certain conditions, electrospin the SnInPd - PVP electrospinning solution obtained in step 1 to obtain the SnInPd - PVP electrospun membrane, simply referred to as the SIP - PVP membrane;

[0019] In the said step 2, the conditions for electrospinning are that the temperature of the electrospinning solution is 25 - 30 °C, the humidity in the air is 50 - 60%, the positive - electrode voltage is 18 - 19 KV, the distance between the needle and the drum is 15 - 16 cm, the spinning time is 10 - 11 h, the rotational speed of the drum is 280 - 300 r / min, and the advancing speed of the electrospinning solution is 0.8 - 1 mL / h;

[0020] Step 3, calcination of the electrospun membrane. First, pre - oxidize the SIP - PVP membrane obtained in step 2 under certain conditions, and then calcine it under certain conditions to obtain the oxide of SnInPd, simply referred to as SIPO;

[0021] In the said step 3, the conditions for pre - oxidation are that the heating rate is 1 °C / min, the pre - oxidation temperature is 280 °C, and the pre - oxidation time is 2 h;

[0022] In the said step 3, the conditions for calcination are that the calcination temperature is 600 °C and the calcination time is 2 h.

[0023] When the SnInPd oxide based on electrospinning is used as a hydrogen sensor, mix and grind SIPO and absolute ethanol in a mortar to obtain a viscous slurry; then, evenly coat the slurry on a ceramic electrode tube to form a uniform slurry coating; finally, weld the ceramic electrode tube on a base and weld a heating wire to obtain the hydrogen sensor SIPO based on SIPO; the optimal operating temperature is 270 °C, the response value is 32, the response time is 1 s, the recovery time is 10 s; the hydrogen - concentration range is 1000 - 10 ppm, and the sensitivity lower limit is 10 ppm.

[0024] The technical effects of the present invention are tested by experiments, and the specific content is as follows:

[0025] The SEM test of the SIP - PVP membrane shows that. The micro - morphology of the SIP - PVP membrane is a three - dimensional network of nanofibers with a dispersed structure composed of nanofibers, where the diameter of the nanofibers is 100 - 200 nm.

[0026] The XRD test of the SIPO nanofiber material shows that. SIPO contains the characteristic peaks of both SnO2 and In2O3, but no characteristic peaks regarding the Pd element are detected.

[0027] EDS testing of the SIPO nanofiber material shows that in addition to the elements Sn, In, and O, the element Pd also exists in SIPO.

[0028] SEM testing of the SIPO nanofiber material shows that the microscopic morphology of SIPO has no substantial difference from that of the SIP-PVP film, that is, it remains a three-dimensional nanofiber network with a dispersed structure composed of nanofibers, where the diameter of the nanofibers is 100 - 200 nm.

[0029] Hydrogen concentration detection testing of the SIPO nanofiber material shows that

[0030] To prove the optimal working temperature of SIPO, a hydrogen concentration detection experiment was conducted in the temperature range of 250 - 290 °C. The optimal working temperature of SIPO is 270 °C, and by calculating the ratio of R a (initial resistance) / R g (resistance after response), the response value at this temperature reached 32, that is, the response value is the highest at 270 °C.

[0031] To prove the sensitivity of SIPO, a hydrogen concentration detection experiment was conducted in the hydrogen concentration range of 1000 - 10 ppm. The lower limit of the sensitivity of SIPO is 10 ppm, and the following conclusion can be drawn: the resistance of the hydrogen sensor based on SIPO decreases with the increase of hydrogen concentration, and the response value increases with the increase of hydrogen concentration.

[0032] To prove the response-recovery performance of SIPO, a response-recovery test was conducted. The response time is 1 s, and the recovery time is 10 s. The test results show that SIPO has the characteristics of fast response and recovery.

[0033] To prove the cycle stability of SIPO, multiple response-recovery tests were conducted. Under the conditions of a working temperature of 270 °C and a hydrogen concentration of 500 ppm, when the number of cycles is 10, the response of SIPO has no obvious change. The test results show that SIPO has cycle stability.

[0034] According to the above test results, it can be seen that the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0035] 1. Through one-step electrospinning and calcination, the stability of the microscopic morphology of the obtained material is maintained, and fast response and recovery at low working temperatures are achieved;

[0036] 2. Based on electrospun SnInPd oxides, the production raw materials and products have the advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness, and non-toxicity, and no organic waste liquid is involved in the preparation process, and the entire production process is environmentally friendly. Description of the Drawings

[0037] Figure 1 SEM image of the SIP-PVP membrane in Example 1;

[0038] Figure 2 XRD comparison chart of SIPO and SIO in Example 1;

[0039] Figure 3 EDS diagram of SIPO in Example 1;

[0040] Figure 4 SEM image of SIPO in Example 1;

[0041] Figure 5 Response value comparison chart of SIPO in Example 1 and SIO in Comparative Example 1 to hydrogen;

[0042] Figure 6 Resistance-time change curve of SIPO in Example 1 to hydrogen with different concentrations;

[0043] Figure 7 Response-recovery time curve of SIPO to hydrogen in Example 1;

[0044] Figure 8 Multi-response recovery time curve of SIPO to hydrogen in Example 1. Detailed implementation manners

[0045] The present invention further elaborates on the content of the present invention through examples in combination with the accompanying drawings of the specification, but it is not a limitation of the present invention.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] A preparation method of a hydrogen sensing material based on electrospun Pd-modified SnIn oxide, comprising the following steps:

[0048] Step 1, preparation of the electrospinning solution. First, stannous chloride pentahydrate SnCl4·5H2O, indium trichloride tetrahydrate InCl3·4H2O, and palladium chloride PdCl2 are in a certain molar ratio. Using DMF as the solvent, SnCl4·5H2O, InCl3·4H2O, and PdCl2 are placed in the DMF solution, ultrasonicated for 5 minutes and stirred to obtain a metal salt solution. Then, a certain amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP is added to the metal salt solution and stirred for 12 hours to obtain the SnInPd-PVP electrospinning solution, simply referred to as the SIP-PVP electrospinning solution;

[0049] In the above steps, the molar ratio of SnCl4·5H2O, InCl3·4H2O, and PdCl2 is 150:50:1;

[0050] The molecular weight of the PVP is 1,300,000, and the specific commercial model is K88-K96. The addition amount of the PVP satisfies that the mass ratio of DMF to PVP is 8:1;

[0051] Step 2, preparation of the electrospun membrane. Under the conditions that the temperature of the electrospinning solution is 25°C, the humidity in the air is 50%, the positive electrode voltage is 18 KV, the distance between the needle and the roller is 15 cm, the spinning time is 10 h, the roller rotation speed is 280 r / min, and the advancing speed of the electrospinning solution is 0.8 mL / h, electrospin the SIP-PVP electrospinning solution obtained in Step 1 to obtain the SnInPd-PVP electrospun membrane, simply referred to as the SIP-PVP membrane;

[0052] To prove the microscopic morphology of the SIP-PVP membrane, SEM testing was carried out. The test results are as Figure 1 shown. The microscopic morphology of the SIP-PVP membrane is a three-dimensional network of nanofibers with a dispersed structure composed of nanofibers. Among them, the diameter of the nanofibers is 100-200 nm.

[0053] Step 3, calcination of the electrospun membrane. First, pre-oxidize the SIP-PVP membrane obtained in Step 2 at a heating rate of 1°C / min, a pre-oxidation temperature of 280°C, and a pre-oxidation time of 2 h. Then, carry out calcination at a calcination temperature of 600°C and a calcination time of 2 h to obtain the oxide of SnInPd, simply referred to as SIPO.

[0054] To prove the composition of SIPO, XRD testing was carried out. The test results are as Figure 2 shown. SIPO simultaneously contains the characteristic peaks of SnO2 and In2O3. However, the characteristic peaks regarding the Pd element were not detected.

[0055] Therefore, to further confirm the composition of SIPO, EDS testing was carried out. The test results are as Figure 3 shown. In addition to the presence of Sn element, In element, and O element, Pd element also exists in SIPO.

[0056] It can be proved that SIPO was successfully prepared through the XRD test results and the EDS test results.

[0057] To prove the microscopic morphology of SIPO, SEM testing was carried out. The test results are as Figure 4 shown. The microscopic morphology of SIPO has no substantial difference from that of the SIP-PVP membrane obtained in Step 2, that is, it remains a three-dimensional network of nanofibers with a dispersed structure composed of nanofibers. Among them, the diameter of the nanofibers is 100-200 nm. The test results show that the calcination in Step 3 does not affect the microscopic morphology of the obtained material.

[0058] To prove that SIPO has the performance of detecting hydrogen, i.e., its application as a hydrogen sensor, a hydrogen sensor based on SIPO was prepared, and a hydrogen concentration detection experiment was conducted.

[0059] A method for preparing a hydrogen sensor based on SIPO is as follows: SIPO and absolute ethanol are placed in a mortar and mixed and ground to obtain a viscous slurry; then, the slurry is evenly coated on a ceramic electrode tube to form a uniform slurry coating; finally, the ceramic electrode tube is welded to a base, and a heating wire is welded on, thus obtaining a hydrogen sensor based on SIPO. Since there is no need for distinction, the obtained hydrogen sensor based on SIPO is still simply referred to as SIPO.

[0060] The basic method of the hydrogen concentration detection experiment is as follows: under given temperature and given humidity conditions, a gas with a given concentration is introduced, the resistance of SIPO is measured, and the response value can be obtained through calculation; the calculation method of the response value is the ratio of R a / R g where R a is the initial resistance and R g is the resistance after response.

[0061] To prove the optimal working temperature of SIPO, a hydrogen concentration detection experiment was conducted in the temperature range of 250 - 290 °C. The test results Figure 5 showed that the optimal working temperature of SIPO is 270 °C, and the response value is 32.

[0062] To prove the sensitivity of SIPO, a hydrogen concentration detection experiment was conducted in the hydrogen concentration range of 1000 - 10 ppm. The test results are as Figure 6 shown. The lower limit of the sensitivity of SIPO is 10 ppm, and the resistance of the hydrogen sensor based on SIPO decreases with the increase of hydrogen concentration, while the response value increases with the increase of hydrogen concentration.

[0063] To prove the response - recovery performance of SIPO, a response - recovery test was conducted. The test results are as Figure 7 shown. The response time is 1 s and the recovery time is 10 s. The test results show that SIPO has the characteristics of fast response and recovery.

[0064] To prove the cyclic stability of SIPO, multiple response - recovery tests were conducted. The test results are as Figure 8 shown. Under the conditions of a working temperature of 270 °C and a hydrogen concentration of 500 ppm, when the number of cycles is 10, the response of SIPO has no obvious change. The test results show that SIPO has cyclic stability.

[0065] To prove the influence of Pd on the performance, Comparative Example 1 of a hydrogen sensing material of SnIn oxide prepared without adding palladium chloride is provided.

[0066] Comparative Example 1

[0067] A preparation method of a hydrogen sensing material of SnIn oxide, the steps not specifically described are the same as those in Example 1, the difference is that: in the step 1, palladium chloride is not added, and then the hydrogen sensing material of SnIn oxide can be obtained, which is simply referred to as SIO.

[0068] The test results of the hydrogen concentration detection of SIO are as Figure 5 shown. The maximum value of the SIO response value is only 2, which can be ignored. The test results show that adding Pd is a decisive factor for obtaining a response to hydrogen.

Claims

1. A SnInPd oxide based on electrospinning, characterized in that: Using tin tetrachloride pentahydrate, indium trichloride tetrahydrate, palladium chloride, and polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP as raw materials, and DMF as a solvent, an SIP-PVP membrane is formed by electrospinning. After calcination, SnInPd oxide based on electrospinning, abbreviated as SIPO, can be obtained.

2. The electrospinning-based SnInPd oxide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microscopic morphology of the SIP-PVP membrane is a three-dimensional nanofiber network with a dispersed structure composed of nanofibers, where the diameter of the nanofibers is 100 - 200 nm. The microscopic morphology of the SIPO has no substantial difference from that of the SIP-PVP membrane, that is, it remains a three-dimensional nanofiber network with a dispersed structure composed of nanofibers, where the diameter of the nanofibers is 100 - 200 nm.

3. A preparation method of SnInPd oxide based on electrospinning, characterized in that It includes the following steps: Step 1, preparation of the electrospinning solution. First, tin tetrachloride pentahydrate SnCl4·5H2O, indium trichloride tetrahydrate InCl3·4H2O, and palladium chloride PdCl2 satisfy a certain molar ratio. Using DMF as a solvent, SnCl4·5H2O, InCl3·4H2O, and PdCl2 are placed in the DMF solution, and ultrasonic treatment and stirring are carried out under certain conditions to obtain a metal salt solution. Then, a certain amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP is added to the metal salt solution and stirred under certain conditions to obtain a SnInPd-PVP electrospinning solution, abbreviated as SIP-PVP electrospinning solution. Step 2, preparation of the electrospun membrane. Under certain conditions, the SIP-PVP electrospinning solution obtained in Step 1 is electrospun to obtain a SnInPd-PVP electrospun membrane, abbreviated as SIP-PVP membrane. Step 3, calcination of the electrospun membrane. First, under certain conditions, the SIP-PVP membrane obtained in Step 2 is pre-oxidized, and then, under certain conditions, calcination is carried out to obtain the oxide of SnInPd, abbreviated as SIPO.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In Step 1, the molar ratio of SnCl4·5H2O, InCl3·4H2O, and PdCl2 is 150:50:

1. The molecular weight of the PVP is 1300000, and the addition amount of PVP satisfies the mass ratio of DMF to PVP of 8:

1. In Step 1, the conditions for ultrasonic treatment and stirring are that the ultrasonic time is 5 - 10 min. In Step 1, the conditions for stirring are that the stirring time is 12 - 14 h.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In Step 2, the conditions for electrospinning are that the temperature of the electrospinning solution is 25 - 30 °C, the humidity in the air is 50 - 60%, the positive electrode voltage is 18 - 19 KV, the distance between the needle and the drum is 15 - 16 cm, the spinning time is 10 - 11 h, the drum rotation speed is 280 - 300 r / min, and the advancing speed of the electrospinning solution is 0.8 - 1 mL / h.

6. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In Step 3, the conditions for pre-oxidation are that the heating rate is 1 °C / min, the pre-oxidation temperature is 280 °C, and the pre-oxidation time is 2 h. In Step 3, the conditions for calcination are that the calcination temperature is 600 °C and the calcination time is 2 h.

7. The electrospinning-based SnInPd oxide according to claim 1, characterized in that: When used as a hydrogen sensor, SIPO and absolute ethanol are placed in a mortar and mixed and ground to obtain a viscous slurry; then, the slurry is evenly coated on a ceramic electrode tube to form a uniform slurry coating; finally, the ceramic electrode tube is welded to a base, and a heating wire is welded to obtain the SIPO-based hydrogen sensor SIPO.

8. The electrospinning-based SnInPd oxide according to claim 7, wherein: When used as a hydrogen sensor, the optimal operating temperature is 270 °C, the response value is 32, the response time is 1 s, and the recovery time is 10 s.

9. The electrospinning-based SnInPd oxide according to claim 7, characterized in that: When used as a hydrogen sensor, the hydrogen concentration range is 1000 - 10 ppm, and the sensitivity lower limit is 10 ppm.

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