Method for preparing organic fertilizer from waste mushroom compost

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a method for preparing organic fertilizer from waste mushroom compost. The invention provides a waste mushroom compost fermented organic fertilizer. The waste mushroom compost fermented organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 60-70 parts of waste mushroom compost, 15-25 parts of chicken manure, 8-12 parts of distillers' grains, 1-2 parts of a fermentation inoculant, 1-2 parts of a mixed inoculant, 0.1-0.3 part of yeast extract paste and 1-2 parts of cassava starch. By combining the waste mushroom compost with organic wastes such as chicken manure and vinasse, efficient resource utilization of agricultural wastes is realized, environmental pollution is reduced, wastes are turned into wealth, and the production cost of the organic fertilizer is reduced. The invention not only solves the problem of agricultural waste treatment, but also provides a high-quality organic fertilizer capable of remarkably improving the yield of crops such as wheat and corn, and has a wide application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and particularly to a method for preparing organic fertilizer by using waste mushroom cultivation materials. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the edible mushroom industry, the scale of mushroom cultivation has been continuously expanding, and the resulting waste mushroom cultivation materials have also been increasing. Waste mushroom cultivation materials are mainly composed of organic substrates such as straw, wood chips, cottonseed hulls, and bran. After being decomposed and utilized by mushroom mycelium, they still contain rich organic matter, microbial protein, polysaccharides, and nutrients that have not been fully utilized. If not properly treated, a large amount of piled waste cultivation materials will not only occupy land resources, but may also produce harmful gases (such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide) and leachate due to corruption and fermentation, causing environmental pollution.

[0003] Currently, the treatment methods of waste mushroom cultivation materials mainly include direct discard, incineration, landfill, or simple composting treatment. However, direct discard or landfill is likely to lead to nutrient loss and environmental pollution; although incineration can reduce the volume, it will produce a large amount of smoke and greenhouse gases, which does not conform to the concept of green and sustainable development; while traditional composting methods often have problems such as long fermentation cycles, low nutrient conversion efficiency, and uneven degree of maturity, which limit their application in the production of high-value organic fertilizers.

[0004] Therefore, how to efficiently and environmentally utilize waste mushroom cultivation materials and convert them into stable and high-value organic fertilizers has become an important research direction for the resource utilization of agricultural waste. In the prior art, some methods attempt to improve the composting efficiency of waste cultivation materials by adding microbial inoculants, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio, or optimizing the composting process, but there are still limitations such as high costs, complex processes, or poor fertilizer efficiency of the products.

[0005] In summary, developing a low-cost, efficient, and environmentally friendly method for preparing organic fertilizer from waste mushroom cultivation materials is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of the edible mushroom industry, reducing agricultural non-point source pollution, and promoting the development of circular agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing organic fertilizer by using waste mushroom cultivation materials.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a fermented organic fertilizer from waste mushroom cultivation materials, which is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 60-70 parts of waste mushroom cultivation materials, 15-25 parts of chicken manure, 8-12 parts of distiller's grains, 1-2 parts of fermentation inoculant, 1-2 parts of mixed inoculant, 0.1-0.3 parts of yeast extract, and 1-2 parts of cassava starch; the fermentation inoculant consists of the following strains: Bacillus stearothermophilus, Trichoderma harzianum, Cellulomonas uda, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium; the mixed inoculant consists of the following strains: Yarrowia lipolytica, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus licheniformis.

[0009] Preferably, the waste mushroom cultivation materials are: waste cultivation materials of Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus, Volvariella volvacea, and Agrocybe aegerita, and the mass ratio is 12-16:10-14:8-12:7-11:5-9.

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of Bacillus stearothermophilus, Trichoderma harzianum, Cellulomonas uda, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium is 15-19:12-16:12-16:12-16:6-10:6-10.

[0011] Preferably, the bacteria content of Bacillus stearothermophilus, Trichoderma harzianum, Cellulomonas uda, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium is 300-500 million / g.

[0012] Preferably, the mass ratio of Yarrowia lipolytica, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus licheniformis is 10-14:10-14:7-11:7-11.

[0013] Preferably, the bacteria content of Yarrowia lipolytica, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus licheniformis is 400-600 million / g.

[0014] The present invention also provides a preparation method of the organic fertilizer, which includes the following steps:

[0015] (1) Mix the waste mushroom cultivation materials, chicken manure, and distiller's grains, and adjust the water content to obtain Material 1;

[0016] (2) Mix Material 1, the fermentation inoculant, yeast extract, and cassava starch, and ferment to obtain Material 2;

[0017] (3) Add the mixed inoculant to Material 2, and mix and ferment to obtain Material 3;

[0018] (4) Age Material 3 to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer from waste mushroom cultivation materials.

[0019] Preferably, the water content is adjusted to 50-60% in step (1).

[0020] Preferably, the fermentation time in step (2) is 3-5 d; the fermentation time in step (3) is 7-14 d.

[0021] Preferably, the aging time in step (4) is 20-40 d.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The Yarrowia lipolytica (ATCC 90811) and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera (purchased from Beijing BioWin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; No. bio-84693) used in the present invention belong to probiotics with protein decomposition efficacy, and can effectively decompose macromolecular proteins in waste mushroom culture materials. Bacillus licheniformis (purchased from Beijing BioWin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; No. bio-67660) has strong alkaline protease production ability and can rapidly degrade protein substances. Bacillus megaterium ((purchased from Beijing BioWin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; No. bio-51787) has nitrogen fixation and phosphorus solubilization abilities, and can decompose organic matter at the same time, which can improve the nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rates of compost.

[0024] Bacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 12016) and Trichoderma harzianum (purchased from Beijing BioWin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; No. bio-52623) have strong decomposition ability for lignocellulose raw materials, enabling the materials to be fully fermented and decomposed. Cellulomonas humilata (purchased from Beijing BioWin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; No. bio-58931) can secrete cellulase and hemicellulase, and can decompose cellulose and hemicellulose. The addition of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 27773) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (ATCC 4356) can significantly reduce the growth of harmful bacteria and also avoid the generation of peculiar smell during the fermentation process. White rot fungus (purchased from Beijing BioWin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; No. bio-52268) can secrete lignin peroxidase and cellulase. Function: Degrade cellulose and lignin at the same time, suitable for culture materials containing lignocellulose.

[0025] Therefore, through the dual action of the fermentation inoculant (containing Bacillus stearothermophilus, Trichoderma harzianum, etc.) and the mixed inoculant (containing Yarrowia lipolytica, Bacillus megaterium, etc.), macromolecular substances such as lignocellulose and protein in waste culture materials can be fully decomposed, and the decomposition degree of organic matter and the nutrient release efficiency can be significantly improved. The use of the dual inoculants of the fermentation inoculant and the mixed inoculant in the present invention can effectively decompose the residual nutrient components in waste mushroom culture materials, chicken manure and distiller's grains for the growth of crops.

[0026] The present invention combines waste mushroom substrate with organic wastes such as chicken manure and distillers' grains, achieving efficient resource utilization of agricultural wastes. It not only reduces environmental pollution but also turns waste into treasure, reducing the production cost of organic fertilizers. The present invention not only solves the problem of agricultural waste treatment but also provides a high-quality organic fertilizer that can significantly increase the yields of crops such as wheat and corn, and has broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a flowchart for preparing the organic fertilizer by fermenting waste mushroom substrate of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0028] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] An organic fertilizer prepared by fermenting waste mushroom substrate is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 60 parts of waste mushroom substrate, 15 parts of chicken manure, 8 parts of distillers' grains, 1 part of fermentation inoculant, 1 part of mixed inoculant, 0.1 part of yeast extract, and 1 part of cassava starch;

[0031] The fermentation inoculant consists of the following strains: Bacillus stearothermophilus, Trichoderma harzianum, Cellulomonas uda, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium; the mass ratio is 15:12:12:12:6:6; the bacteria content is 300 million / g for each.

[0032] The mixed inoculant consists of the following strains: Yarrowia lipolytica, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus licheniformis; the mass ratio is 10:10:7:7; the bacteria content is 400 million / g for each.

[0033] The waste mushroom substrate is: waste substrate of Agaricus bisporus, waste substrate of Pleurotus eryngii, waste substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus, waste substrate of Volvariella volvacea, and waste substrate of Agrocybe aegerita, with a mass ratio of 12:10:8:7:5.

[0034] The preparation method of the organic fertilizer is as follows:

[0035] (1) Mix the waste mushroom substrate, chicken manure, and distillers' grains, and adjust the water content to 50% to obtain Material 1;

[0036] (2) Mix Material 1, the fermentation inoculant, yeast extract, and cassava starch, and ferment for 3 days to obtain Material 2;

[0037] (3) Add the mixed inoculant to Material 2, and mix and ferment for 7 days to obtain Material 3;

[0038] After aging the material 3 for 20 days, the fermented organic fertilizer from waste mushroom cultivation substrate is obtained.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] A fermented organic fertilizer from waste mushroom cultivation substrate is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 70 parts of waste mushroom cultivation substrate, 25 parts of chicken manure, 12 parts of distiller's grains, 2 parts of fermentation inoculant, 2 parts of mixed inoculant, 0.3 part of yeast extract, and 2 parts of cassava starch;

[0041] The fermentation inoculant consists of the following strains: Bacillus stearothermophilus, Trichoderma harzianum, Cellulomonas uda, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium; the mass ratio is 19:16:16:16:10:10; the bacteria content is 500 million / g for each.

[0042] The mixed inoculant consists of the following strains: Yarrowia lipolytica, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus licheniformis; the mass ratio is 14:14:11:11; the bacteria content is 600 million / g for each.

[0043] The waste mushroom cultivation substrate is: waste cultivation substrate of Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus, Volvariella volvacea, and Agrocybe aegerita, with a mass ratio of 16:14:12:11:9.

[0044] The preparation method of the organic fertilizer is as follows:

[0045] (1) Mix the waste mushroom cultivation substrate, chicken manure, and distiller's grains, and adjust the water content to 60% to obtain material 1;

[0046] (2) Mix material 1, the fermentation inoculant, yeast extract, and cassava starch, and ferment for 5 days to obtain material 2;

[0047] (3) Add the mixed inoculant to material 2, and mix and ferment for 14 days to obtain material 3;

[0048] (4) After aging material 3 for 40 days, the fermented organic fertilizer from waste mushroom cultivation substrate is obtained.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] A fermented organic fertilizer from waste mushroom cultivation substrate is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 65 parts of waste mushroom cultivation substrate, 20 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of distiller's grains, 1.5 parts of fermentation inoculant, 1.5 parts of mixed inoculant, 0.2 part of yeast extract, and 1.5 parts of cassava starch;

[0051] The fermentation inoculum is composed of the following strains: Bacillus stearothermophilus, Trichoderma harzianum, Cellulomonas uda, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and white rot fungus; the mass ratio is 17:14:14:14:8:8; the bacteria content is 400 million / g for all strains.

[0052] The mixed inoculum is composed of the following strains: Yarrowia lipolytica, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus licheniformis; the mass ratio is 12:12:9:9; the bacteria content is 500 million / g for all strains.

[0053] The waste mushroom substrate is: waste substrate of Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus, Volvariella volvacea, and Agrocybe aegerita, with a mass ratio of 14:12:10:9:7.

[0054] The preparation method of the organic fertilizer is as follows:

[0055] (1) Mix the waste mushroom substrate, chicken manure, and distiller's grains, and adjust the water content to 55% to obtain Material 1.

[0056] (2) Mix Material 1, the fermentation inoculum, yeast extract, and tapioca starch, and ferment for 4 days to obtain Material 2.

[0057] (3) Add the mixed inoculum to Material 2, and mix and ferment for 14 days to obtain Material 3.

[0058] (4) Age Material 3 for 40 days to obtain the organic fertilizer fermented from the waste mushroom substrate.

[0059] Comparative Example 1

[0060] Other methods are the same as those in Example 3, except that the waste substrates of Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus, Volvariella volvacea, and Agrocybe aegerita are all replaced with an equal amount of the waste substrate of Agaricus bisporus.

[0061] Comparative Example 2

[0062] Other methods are the same as those in Example 3, except that Bacillus stearothermophilus, Trichoderma harzianum, Cellulomonas uda, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus are all replaced with an equal amount of Bacillus subtilis.

[0063] Comparative Example 3

[0064] Other methods are the same as those in Example 3, except that Yarrowia lipolytica and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera are all replaced with an equal amount of Bacillus megaterium.

[0065] Experimental Example 1

[0066] Select a test field for crop cultivation to plant wheat. Divide the planting test field evenly into 12 planting plots, and the wheat variety to be planted is Bainong 207. Each test group randomly plants three of these plots.

[0067] Among them, the fermented organic fertilizer from waste mushroom substrate obtained in Example 3 is used as Experimental Group 1.

[0068] The fermented organic fertilizers from waste mushroom substrate obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are used as Control Groups 1 to 3.

[0069] Among them, the application method of the fertilizer for each test group is: before wheat planting, apply 350 kg / mu as base fertilizer, and use it as top dressing during the jointing stage and filling stage, with the application amount of 140 kg / mu respectively.

[0070] Except for the different fertilizer applications, the other growth management methods for each test group are the same. After the wheat is harvested, the wheat yield is statistically calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0071] Table 1 Statistical Table of Wheat Yield (kg / mu)

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] As can be seen from the content recorded in Table 1, the fermented organic fertilizer from waste mushroom substrate provided by the present invention has a good growth-promoting effect on wheat, and the wheat yield is significantly higher than that of other control groups.

[0075] Experimental Example 2

[0076] Select a test field for crop cultivation to plant corn. Divide the planting test field evenly into 12 planting plots, and the corn variety to be planted is Xinghui 908. Each test group randomly plants three of these plots.

[0077] Among them, the fermented organic fertilizer from waste mushroom substrate obtained in Example 3 is used as Experimental Group 1.

[0078] The fermented organic fertilizers from waste mushroom substrate obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are used as Control Groups 1 to 3.

[0079] Among them, the application method of the fertilizer for each test group is: apply base fertilizer before corn planting; the application amount is 500 kg / mu; apply the special bio-organic fertilizer for corn as top dressing when the corn grows to 4 leaves, at the jointing stage, at the large trumpet mouth stage, and at the filling stage; among them, at the 4-leaf stage, the application amount of top dressing is 70 kg / mu. At the jointing stage, the application amount of top dressing is 80 kg / mu. At the large trumpet mouth stage, the application amount of top dressing is 100 kg / mu. At the filling stage, the application amount of top dressing is 60 kg / mu.

[0080] Except for the different fertilizer applications, the other growth management methods were the same for each experimental group. After the corn was harvested, the yield of the corn was statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0081] Table 2 Statistical Table of Corn Yield (kg / mu)

[0082] Group 1 2 3 Average Experimental group 962.7 936.7 975.4 958.3 Control group 1 875.0 897.2 864.3 878.8 Control group 2 897.6 912.6 887.3 899.2 Control group 3 915.8 920.6 934.2 923.5

[0083] From the content recorded in Table 1, it can be seen that the fermented organic fertilizer from waste mushroom substrates provided by the present invention can significantly increase the total yield of corn compared to the control group.

[0084] Based on the content of Table 1 and Table 2, it is not difficult to see that only by using the complete strain combination of the present invention can the best growth promotion effect be achieved. If some of the strains are discarded, it will have a significant impact on the yields of wheat and corn. From the data of Control Group 1, it can be seen that if a single type of waste mushroom substrate is used, it will also affect the fertilizer efficiency, which may be due to the relatively single nutrient elements contained in the mushroom substrate.

[0085] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organic fertilizer fermented from waste mushroom cultivation materials, characterized in that, It is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 60 - 70 parts of waste mushroom cultivation material, 15 - 25 parts of chicken manure, 8 - 12 parts of distiller's grains, 1 - 2 parts of fermentation bacterium agent, 1 - 2 parts of mixed bacterium agent, 0.1 - 0.3 parts of yeast extract, and 1 - 2 parts of cassava starch; the fermentation bacterium agent consists of the following strains: Bacillus stearothermophilus, Trichoderma harzianum, Cellulomonas uda, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium; the mixed bacterium agent consists of the following strains: Yarrowia lipolytica, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus licheniformis.

2. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste mushroom cultivation material is: waste cultivation material of Agaricus bisporus, waste cultivation material of Pleurotus eryngii, waste cultivation material of Pleurotus ostreatus, waste cultivation material of Volvariella volvacea, and waste cultivation material of Agrocybe aegerita, and the mass ratio is 12 - 16:10 - 14:8 - 12:7 - 11:5 - 9.

3. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of Bacillus stearothermophilus, Trichoderma harzianum, Cellulomonas uda, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium is 15 - 19:12 - 16:12 - 16:12 - 16:6 - 10:6 - 10.

4. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The bacteria content of Bacillus stearothermophilus, Trichoderma harzianum, Cellulomonas uda, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium is all 300 - 500 million / g.

5. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein, The mass ratio of Yarrowia lipolytica, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus licheniformis is 10 - 14:10 - 14:7 - 11:7 - 11.

6. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The bacteria content of Yarrowia lipolytica, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus licheniformis is all 400 - 600 million / g.

7. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Mix the waste mushroom cultivation material, chicken manure, and distiller's grains, and adjust the water content to obtain Material 1; (2) Mix Material 1, the fermentation bacterium agent, yeast extract, and cassava starch, and ferment to obtain Material 2; (3) Add the mixed bacterium agent to Material 2, and mix and ferment to obtain Material 3; (4) Age Material 3 to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer of waste mushroom cultivation material.

8. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step (1), the water content is adjusted to 50 - 60%.

9. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fermentation time in step (2) is 3 - 5 d; the fermentation time in step (3) is 7 - 14 d.

10. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The aging time in step (4) is 20 - 40 d.

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