Microporous polymer and gas detection application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an intrinsic microporous polymer and gas detection application thereof, the structural general formula of the intrinsic microporous polymer is # imgabs0 #, a solution and a solid film of the intrinsic microporous polymer with a rigid molecular chain structure provided by the invention both have high luminous efficiency, and gas to be tested can be detected according to the change of fluorescence intensity of the intrinsic microporous polymer; the self-microporous polymer has strong chemical modification property, and fluorescence sensing materials with different emission wavelengths can be obtained by regulating and controlling the types of groups; the self-provided microporous polymer provided by the invention is sensitive in action with a detected object, and can quickly respond within seconds.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of thin-film fluorescence sensors, and particularly relates to a class of self-integrated microporous polymers and their gas detection applications. Background Art

[0002] Self-integrated microporous polymers (PIMs) are a class of polymer materials with highly ordered microporous structures, which can be formed by self-assembly. Due to the kinked structure of their molecules, these materials have unique pore structures and high specific surface areas, showing extensive application potential in the fields of gas separation, energy storage, catalysis, and biomedicine. Attributed to the high specific surface area of self-integrated microporous polymers, they also have outstanding performance in high-energy-consuming separation membrane materials. Such polymers have high application value in gas separations such as hydrogen / nitrogen, hydrogen / methane, and oxygen / nitrogen. A relatively representative one among self-integrated microporous polymers is PIM-1, which has applications in multiple fields. PIMs are a class of self-integrated microporous polymers composed of self-twisted and rigid monomers, having advantages such as high specific surface area, good thermal stability, and simple structure. PIM membranes show great research value and application potential in the field of gas separation. With the in-depth research, the commercialization potential and application scope of PIM materials are expected to be further expanded.

[0003] Currently, the applications of such materials in gas sensing are still few, but their high specific surface area, uniform microporous structure, good solution processability, and characteristics of anti-physical aging and stability make PIMs a promising sensing material. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the above problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a class of self-integrated microporous polymers and their gas detection applications to solve the technical problems such as low detection efficiency of trace dangerous gas such as diethyl chlorophosphate and ethanol in the prior art.

[0005] The present invention provides a class of self-integrated microporous polymers, and its structural general formula is:

[0006] wherein, R1 and R2 are substituents that can form a conjugated structure with the benzene ring; R3, R4, R5, and R6 are alkyl or aryl substituents; n is an integer from 1 to 1000. When the self-integrated microporous polymer is in contact with the gas to be detected, the fluorescence color or intensity of the self-integrated microporous polymer changes.

[0007] Preferably, R1 and R2 are respectively at least one of the following groups A1 - A6, and R3, R4, R5, and R6 are respectively at least one of the following groups B1 - B13; n1 is an integer from 1 to 20;

[0008] A1 = —OH;

[0009] A2 = -COOH;

[0010] A3 = -NH2;

[0011] A4 = -CHO;

[0012]

[0013] B1 = -H;

[0014] B2 = -CH3;

[0015] B3 = -O(CH2) n1 CH3;

[0016] B4 = -(CH2) n1 CH3;

[0017] B5 = -(CH2) n1 CH(CH3)2;

[0018]

[0019] More preferably, the self-microporous polymer has the structural formula:

[0020] n is an integer from 1 to 1000.

[0021] More preferably, the self-microporous polymer has the structural formula:

[0022] n is an integer from 1 to 1000.

[0023] The present invention also provides an application of the self-microporous polymer in gas detection.

[0024] Further, the specific steps include:

[0025] Providing a substrate;

[0026] Forming a sensing film on the substrate; wherein the sensing film contains the self-microporous polymer;

[0027] Placing the sensing film and the substrate in a preset container and sealing;

[0028] Introducing the gas to be detected into the preset container;

[0029] Obtaining the fluorescence change data and color change data of the sensing film;

[0030] Generating a detection result of the gas to be detected based on the fluorescence change data and color change data.

[0031] Further, before introducing the gas to be measured into the preset container, the following steps are also included:

[0032] Obtain the absorption wavelength and fluorescence emission wavelength of the sensing film;

[0033] Based on the absorption wavelength and the fluorescence emission wavelength, determine the optical stability of the sensing film.

[0034] Preferably, the substrate includes at least one of a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a silicon wafer substrate, an organic and polymer solid carrier, a microsphere, a nanoparticle, a nanobead, a nanofiber, and a nanotube.

[0035] Preferably, the method for forming the sensing film includes at least one of dip coating, spin coating, drop coating, and evaporation coating.

[0036] The present invention also provides a sensor, including the film formed by the self-microporous polymer described above.

[0037] Beneficial effects

[0038] (1) The self-microporous polymer containing a rigid molecular chain structure of the present invention has high luminescence efficiency in both solution and solid film. Among them, when the self-microporous polymer (1) is in contact with ethanol gas, the self-microporous polymer (1) will show fluorescence enhancement, and the detection of ethanol gas can be realized according to the change of its fluorescence intensity; when the self-microporous polymer (2) is in contact with diethyl chlorophosphate gas, the self-microporous polymer (2) will show fluorescence quenching, and the detection of diethyl chlorophosphate gas can be realized according to the change of its fluorescence intensity.

[0039] (2) The self-microporous polymer of the present invention has strong chemical modifiability. By regulating the type of groups or changing the modifying groups on the side chain, fluorescent sensing materials with solid-state stable luminescence of different emission wavelengths can be obtained; the self-microporous polymer (1) of the present application is sensitive to ethanol gas, and the self-microporous polymer (2) is sensitive to diethyl chlorophosphate gas, and both can respond quickly within several seconds.

[0040] (3) The synthesis method of the self-microporous polymer of the present invention is simple, has a high yield, is easy to separate, has high purity, and is convenient to operate.

[0041] (4) The detection method of ethanol gas provided by the present invention realizes the real-time, rapid, and efficient detection of ethanol gas by observing the fluorescence change data and color change data of the sensing film; the detection method of diethyl chlorophosphate gas provided by the present invention realizes the real-time, rapid, and efficient detection of diethyl chlorophosphate gas by observing the fluorescence change data and color change data of the sensing film. (5) The sensor provided by the present invention is simple to operate, has high detection efficiency, and has good application prospects. Description of the Drawings

[0042] Figure 1 It is the absorption spectrum (curve a) and fluorescence emission spectrum (curve b) of the self - microporous polymer film provided in Example 1.

[0043] Figure 2 It is the absorption spectrum (curve a) and fluorescence emission spectrum (curve b) of the self - microporous polymer film provided in Example 2.

[0044] Figure 3 It is a schematic flow chart of the gas detection method of the self - microporous polymer provided by the present invention.

[0045] Figure 4 It is a graph showing the change of fluorescence intensity with time when the self - microporous polymer film contacts ethanol gas at the maximum emission wavelength of the self - microporous polymer film provided in Example 1.

[0046] Figure 5 It is a graph showing the change of fluorescence intensity with time when the self - microporous polymer film contacts diethyl chlorophosphate gas at the maximum emission wavelength of the self - microporous polymer film provided in Example 2.

[0047] Figure 6 It is the infrared spectrum of the self - microporous polymer provided in Example 2. Detailed Embodiments

[0048] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of this application.

[0049] For the terms defined below, unless a different definition is given elsewhere in the claims or in this specification, these definitions shall apply. All numerical values, whether or not explicitly indicated, are hereby defined as being modified by the term "about". The term "about" generally refers to a range of values that a person of ordinary skill in the art would consider equivalent to the stated value to produce substantially the same properties, functions, results, etc. A numerical range indicated by a low value and a high value is defined to include all the numerical values included in that numerical range as well as all the sub - ranges included in that numerical range.

[0050] It should be noted that the terms "comprising" and "having" in the specification and claims of this disclosure and any variations thereof are intended to cover non - exclusive inclusion.

[0051] The following introduces the self-microporous polymer provided by the embodiments of the present invention, including: a rigid molecular chain structure, and its structural general formula is shown as follows:

[0052] Among them, R1 and R2 are substituents that can form a conjugated structure with the benzene ring; R3, R4, R5, and R6 are alkyl or aryl substituents; n is an integer from 1 to 1000. When the self-microporous polymer contacts the gas to be detected, the fluorescence color or intensity of the self-microporous polymer changes.

[0053] Preferably, R1 and R2 are respectively at least one of the following groups A1 - A6, and R3, R4, R5, and R6 are respectively at least one of the following groups B1 - B13; n1 is an integer from 1 to 20;

[0054] A1 = —OH;

[0055] A2 = —COOH;

[0056] A3 = —NH2;

[0057] A4 = —CHO;

[0058]

[0059] B1 = —H;

[0060] B2 = —CH3;

[0061] B3 = —O(CH2) n1 CH3;

[0062] B4 = —(CH2) n1 CH3;

[0063] B5 = —(CH2) n1 CH(CH3)2;

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] More preferably, the structural formula of the self-microporous polymer is:

[0067] n is an integer from 1 to 1000.

[0068] The quenching rate of the self-microporous polymer (1) when contacting ethanol gas is greater than or equal to 41.61%.

[0069] Or the intensity enhancement ratio of the maximum fluorescence emission peak of the self-microporous polymer (1) within 30 seconds when contacting ethanol gas is greater than or equal to 41.61%.

[0070] Within 5 seconds after the self - microporous polymer (1) contacts with ethanol gas, the intensity of the maximum fluorescence emission peak quenches by 24.84%; within 10 seconds after the self - microporous polymer (1) contacts with ethanol gas, the intensity of the maximum fluorescence emission peak quenches by 29.76%; within 15 seconds after the self - microporous polymer (1) contacts with ethanol gas, the intensity of the maximum fluorescence emission peak quenches by 36.38%; within 30 seconds after the self - microporous polymer (1) contacts with ethanol gas, the intensity of the maximum fluorescence emission peak quenches by 41.61%.

[0071] More preferably, the structural formula of the self - microporous polymer is:

[0072] n is an integer from 1 to 1000.

[0073] The quenching rate of the self - microporous polymer (2) when contacting with diethyl chlorophosphate gas is greater than or equal to 63.12%.

[0074] Or within 30 seconds after the self - microporous polymer (2) contacts with diethyl chlorophosphate gas, the quenching proportion of the intensity of the maximum fluorescence emission peak is greater than or equal to 63.12%.

[0075] Within 5 seconds after the self - microporous polymer (2) contacts with diethyl chlorophosphate gas, the intensity of the maximum fluorescence emission peak quenches by 42.00%; within 10 seconds after the self - microporous polymer (2) contacts with diethyl chlorophosphate gas, the intensity of the maximum fluorescence emission peak quenches by 54.99%; within 15 seconds after the self - microporous polymer (2) contacts with diethyl chlorophosphate gas, the intensity of the maximum fluorescence emission peak quenches by 60.12%; within 30 seconds after the self - microporous polymer (2) contacts with diethyl chlorophosphate gas, the intensity of the maximum fluorescence emission peak quenches by 62.37%.

[0076] The present invention also provides a sensor, including a thin film formed by the above - mentioned self - microporous polymer. This sensor is simple to operate and has high detection efficiency.

[0077] The present invention also provides a detection method for ethanol gas and diethyl chlorophosphate gas, please refer to Figure 3 , including:

[0078] S100: Provide a substrate;

[0079] S200: Form a sensing thin film on the substrate; the sensing thin film contains the above - mentioned self - microporous polymer;

[0080] S300: Place the sensing thin film and the substrate in a preset container and seal it;

[0081] S400: Introduce the gas to be detected into the preset container;

[0082] S500: Obtain the fluorescence change data of the sensing film; among them, the fluorescence change data includes: the curve of the fluorescence intensity of the maximum emission peak of the sensing film changing with time. Exemplarily, please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 ; The color change data includes: when the microporous polymer (1) film exists in the presence of ethanol gas, the fluorescence intensity of the sensing film quenches; when the microporous polymer (2) film exists in the presence of diethyl chlorophosphate gas, the fluorescence intensity of the sensing film quenches.

[0083] S600: Generate the detection results of ethanol gas and diethyl chlorophosphate gas based on the fluorescence change data and the color change data.

[0084] In some embodiments, before the step of S400: introducing the gas to be detected into the preset container, it further includes:

[0085] S1: Obtain the absorption wavelength and fluorescence emission wavelength of the sensing film;

[0086] S2: Determine the optical stability of the sensing film based on the absorption wavelength and the fluorescence emission wavelength.

[0087] In some embodiments, in the step of S100: providing a substrate, the substrate includes at least one of a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a silicon wafer substrate, an organic and polymer solid carrier, a microsphere, a nanoparticle, a nanobead, a nanofiber, and a nanotube.

[0088] In some embodiments, in the step of S200: forming a sensing film on the substrate; the method of forming the sensing film includes at least one of dipping, spin coating, drop coating, or evaporation. The detection method of ethanol gas and diethyl chlorophosphate gas provided by the present application realizes the detection of ethanol gas and diethyl chlorophosphate gas by observing the fluorescence change data and the color change data of the sensing film.

[0089] The following further elaborates on the present application in combination with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0090] Example 1

[0091] This Example 1 discloses a microporous polymer with its own pores. The structural formula of the microporous polymer with its own pores is as follows (where R1 and R2 are COOH, and R3, R4, R5, and R6 = -CH3):

[0092] n is an integer from 1 to 1000.

[0093] The preparation method of the microporous polymer (1) is:

[0094] 5,5',6,6'-Tetrahydroxy-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1'-spirobiindane (1 - 2 mmol, 340 - 680 mg) was added to 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (1 - 2 mmol, 200 - 400 mg) in 12 ml of DMF solution; it was refluxed at 60 - 70 °C for 48 h; after cooling to room temperature, it was filtered, washed with methanol, and dried under vacuum to obtain a yellow solid; 200 mg of the yellow solid obtained from the reaction was added to a mixed solution of 3 ml of H2O, 3 ml of H2SO4, and 1 ml of HAc, and refluxed at 110 °C for 24 h. After cooling to room temperature, it was filtered, washed with methanol, and dried under vacuum to obtain a yellow solid; the yellow solid is the self-microporous polymer (1) of this application. 1H NMR (500 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.73 (s, 1H), 6.35 (s, 1H), 2.25 (s, 1H), 2.08 (s, 1H), 1.24 (s, 6H).

[0095] In some embodiments, 340 mg of the above-mentioned 5,5',6,6'-tetrahydroxy-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1'-spirobiindane; in some other embodiments, 680 mg of 5,5',6,6'-tetrahydroxy-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1'-spirobiindane.

[0096] In some embodiments, 206 mg of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile; in some other embodiments, 412 mg of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile.

[0097] In some embodiments, the above temperature range is 60 - 70 °C or 110 °C; in some other embodiments, the above temperature range is 60 - 70 °C or 110 °C.

[0098] The self-microporous polymer (1) was subjected to absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum detection:

[0099] The self-microporous polymer (1) was configured into a tetrahydrofuran solution of 1 mg / ml;

[0100] A substrate was provided, and the substrate includes at least one of a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a silicon wafer substrate, an organic and polymer solid support, microspheres, nanoparticles, nanobeads, nanofibers, and nanotubes. In the embodiments of this application, specifically, it is a quartz wafer substrate.

[0101] A sensing film containing the self-microporous polymer (1) was formed on the substrate, and the method for forming the sensing film containing the self-microporous polymer (1) includes at least one of dip coating, spin coating, or evaporation. In the embodiments of this application, specifically, it is dip coating.

[0102] Place the sensing film containing self-microporous polymer (1) and the substrate in a preset container; the preset container can be a transparent container, specifically a quartz cell in the embodiments of the present application.

[0103] Obtain the absorption wavelength and fluorescence emission wavelength of the sensing film containing self-microporous polymer (1); please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 which is the absorption spectrum (curve a) and fluorescence emission spectrum (curve b) of self-microporous polymer (1). It can be seen from the figure that the maximum absorption peak of self-microporous polymer (1) is located at 436 nm, and the maximum fluorescence emission peak is located at 491 nm.

[0104] Based on the absorption wavelength and fluorescence emission wavelength, determine the photostability of the sensing film containing self-microporous polymer (1).

[0105] Method for detecting ethanol gas using self-microporous polymer (1):

[0106] Fix the sensing film containing self-microporous polymer (1) in a preset container and seal it. The preset container can be a transparent container, specifically a quartz cell in the embodiments of the present application.

[0107] Introduce the gas to be measured into the preset container;

[0108] Obtain the fluorescence change data of the sensing film; among them, the fluorescence change data includes: the curve of the fluorescence intensity of the maximum emission peak of the sensing film changing with time. Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 which is the curve of the maximum emission wavelength of the sensing film of self-microporous polymer (1) changing with time and the curve of the fluorescence intensity of the sensing film of self-microporous polymer (1) changing with time after contacting with ethanol gas provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application; it can be seen from the figure that the relative fluorescence intensity of the sensing film containing self-microporous polymer (1) tends to be stable before contacting with ethanol gas, and the fluorescence intensity gradually quenches with time after contacting with ethanol gas. Therefore, it can be known that the sensing film containing self-microporous polymer (1) has a good sensing response to ethanol gas, and within 30 seconds after self-microporous polymer (1) contacts with ethanol gas, the intensity of the maximum fluorescence emission peak quenches by 41.1%.

[0109] Generate the detection result of ethanol gas based on the fluorescence change data.

[0110] The method for detecting ethanol gas provided in the present application realizes the detection of ethanol gas by observing the fluorescence change data and color change data of the sensing film. The self-microporous polymer (1) of the present application is sensitive to the action of ethanol, can respond quickly within seconds, and has a high detection efficiency.

[0111] Embodiment 2

[0112] Example 2 discloses a self-microporous polymer. The structural formula of the self-microporous polymer is as follows (R1, R2 are CHO, R3, R4, R5, R6 = -CH3):

[0113] n is an integer from 1 to 1000.

[0114] The preparation method of the self-microporous polymer (2) is as follows:

[0115] Add 5,5',6,6'-tetrahydroxy-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1'-spirobiindane (1 - 2 mmol, 340 - 680 mg) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalaldehyde (1 - 2 mmol, 206 - 412 mg) into 12 ml of DMF solution; reflux at a temperature of 60 - 70 °C for 12 h; after cooling to room temperature, filter, wash with methanol, and obtain a dark red solid after vacuum drying. The dark red solid is the self-microporous polymer (2) of this application.

[0116] In some embodiments, 340 mg of 5,5',6,6'-tetrahydroxy-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1'-spirobiindane; in other embodiments, 680 mg of 5,5',6,6'-tetrahydroxy-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1'-spirobiindane.

[0117] In some embodiments, 206 mg of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalaldehyde; in other embodiments, 412 mg of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalaldehyde.

[0118] In some embodiments, the above temperature range is 60 - 70 °C; in other embodiments, the above temperature range is 60 - 70 °C.

[0119] Figure 6 is the infrared spectrum of the polymer, and the strong absorption peak at 1700 cm -1 The emerging strong absorption peak is the absorption peak of -C=O, indicating the successful synthesis of the polymer.

[0120] Perform absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum detection on the self-microporous polymer (2):

[0121] Disperse the self-microporous polymer (2) in a 1,4-dioxane solution to form a suspension with a concentration of 0.5 mg / ml; provide a substrate, and the substrate includes at least one of a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a silicon wafer substrate, an organic and polymer solid carrier, a microsphere, a nanoparticle, a nanobead, a nanofiber, and a nanotube. In the embodiments of this application, specifically, it is a quartz wafer substrate.

[0122] A sensing film containing the intrinsically microporous polymer (2) is formed on a substrate. The method of forming the sensing film containing the intrinsically microporous polymer (2) includes at least one of dip coating, spin coating, or evaporation. In the embodiments of the present application, it is specifically evaporation.

[0123] The sensing film containing the intrinsically microporous polymer (2) and the substrate are placed in a preset container; the preset container can be a transparent container. In the embodiments of the present application, it is specifically a quartz cell.

[0124] Obtain the absorption wavelength and fluorescence emission wavelength of the sensing film containing the intrinsically microporous polymer (2); please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 are the absorption spectrum (curve a) and fluorescence emission spectrum (curve b) of the intrinsically microporous polymer (2). It can be seen from the figure that the maximum absorption peak of the intrinsically microporous polymer (2) is located at 467 nm, and the maximum fluorescence emission peak is located at 603 nm.

[0125] Based on the absorption wavelength and fluorescence emission wavelength, determine the photostability of the sensing film containing the intrinsically microporous polymer (2).

[0126] Method for detecting DCP gas using the intrinsically microporous polymer (2):

[0127] The sensing film containing the intrinsically microporous polymer (2) is fixed in a preset container and sealed. The preset container can be a transparent container. In the embodiments of the present application, it is specifically a quartz cell.

[0128] Introduce the gas to be measured into the preset container;

[0129] Obtain the fluorescence change data of the sensing film; among them, the fluorescence change data includes: the curve of the fluorescence intensity of the maximum emission peak of the sensing film changing with time. Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 is the curve of the maximum emission wavelength of the sensing film of the intrinsically microporous polymer (2) changing with time and the curve of the fluorescence intensity of the sensing film of the intrinsically microporous polymer (2) changing with time after contacting with DCP gas provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application; it can be seen from the figure that the relative fluorescence intensity of the sensing film containing the intrinsically microporous polymer (2) tends to be stable before contacting with DCP gas, and the fluorescence intensity gradually decreases with time after contacting with DCP gas, and can gradually recover after introducing air. Therefore, it can be seen that the sensing film containing the intrinsically microporous polymer (2) has a good sensing response to DCP gas, and within 30 seconds after the intrinsically microporous polymer (2) contacts with DCP gas, the intensity of the maximum fluorescence emission peak quenches by 63% and can recover.

[0130] Generate a DCP gas detection result based on the fluorescence change data.

[0131] The detection method of DCP gas provided by the present invention realizes the detection of DCP gas by observing the fluorescence change data and color change data of the sensing film. The self-microporous polymer (2) of the present invention is sensitive to the action of DCP, can quickly respond within several seconds, and has high detection efficiency.

[0132] The above description has fully disclosed the specific implementation manners of the present application. It should be noted that any modification made by those skilled in the art to the specific implementation manners of the present application does not depart from the scope of the claims of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of the claims of the present application is not limited solely to the foregoing specific implementation manners.

Claims

1. A class of self - contained microporous polymers, characterized in that: The general structural formula thereof is: Among them, R1 and R2 are substituents that can form a conjugated structure with the benzene ring; R3, R4, R5, and R6 are alkyl or aryl substituents; n is an integer from 1 to 1000.

2. The class of self-microporous polymers according to claim 1, wherein: R1 and R2 are each at least one of the following groups A1 - A6, and R3, R4, R5, and R6 are each at least one of the following groups B1 - B13; n1 is an integer from 1 to 20; A1 = —OH; A2 = —COOH; A3 = —NH2; A4 = —CHO; B1 = —H; B2 = —CH3; B3 = —O(CH2) n1 CH3; B4 = —(CH2) n1 CH3; B5 = —(CH2) n1 CH(CH3)2; 3. The class of self-microporous polymers according to claim 1, wherein: The self - microporous polymer has the structural formula: An integer where n = 1 - 1000.

4. The class of self-microporous polymers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self - microporous polymer has the structural formula: An integer where n = 1 - 1000.

5. Use of a self - microporous polymer as described in claim 1 in gas detection.

6. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Providing a substrate; Forming a sensing film on the substrate; wherein the sensing film contains the self - microporous polymer; Placing the sensing film and the substrate in a preset container and sealing it; Introducing a gas to be detected into the preset container; Obtaining the fluorescence change data and color change data of the sensing film; Generating a detection result of the gas to be detected based on the fluorescence change data and color change data.

7. The application according to claim 6, wherein: Before introducing the gas to be detected into the preset container, it further includes: Obtaining the absorption wavelength and fluorescence emission wavelength of the sensing film; Determining the light stability of the sensing film based on the absorption wavelength and the fluorescence emission wavelength.

8. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that: The substrate includes at least one of a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a silicon wafer substrate, an organic and polymer solid support, microspheres, nanoparticles, nanobeads, nanofibers, and nanotubes.

9. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method of forming the sensing film includes at least one of dip - coating, spin - coating, drop - coating, and evaporation coating.

10. A sensor, including a film formed by the self - microporous polymer as described in claim 1.

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