Coal mining machine and supporting device thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a coal mining machine and a supporting device thereof, which belong to the technical field of coal mining; the supporting device is located at the top of the coal mining machine, and is used for supporting the roof when mining coal; the supporting device comprises a liftable bearing plate; a plurality of lower fixing seats are fixedly provided on the surface of the bearing plate, and the inner walls of the lower fixing seats are connected with hydraulic shock absorbers; a flexible plate is provided above the hydraulic shock absorber, and a plurality of flexible plates are connected to each other by sliding and rotating hinges to form an array arrangement; a spike is detachably connected to the top of the flexible plate, and a protective component for protecting the spike is installed on the flexible plate; the present invention can achieve stable support of the coal mining machine in a complex coal seam environment, reduce vibration and shaking caused by uneven force on the coal mining machine, and ensure smooth and efficient coal mining operations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mining, and in particular relates to a coal mining machine and a supporting device thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the coal mining industry, the stable operation of coal mining machines plays a decisive role in efficient and safe coal mining. During the coal mining process, the coal mining machines need to go deep into the coal channel to mine the coal seam, and their working environment is extremely complex.

[0003] Traditional coal mining machines still have deficiencies in terms of contacting and supporting coal seams. The existing structures of coal mining machines in contact with coal seams mostly adopt a rigid fixed plane design. When the coal mining machine enters the coal channel and uses a hydraulic push rod to drive the support structure to contact the coal seam, due to the irregular shape of the coal seam after mining, there are various uneven structures formed by mining, and at the same time, they are affected by the original geological conditions of the coal seam, with different inclination angles and layer height differences. The rigid plane of the existing support structure cannot be adaptively adjusted according to these complex and changeable coal seam shapes, which results in poor fit between the support structure and the coal seam. There are large gaps between the two, making it impossible to evenly disperse the force generated during the coal mining process. The coal mining machine is prone to vibration and shaking due to uneven force. This unstable working state affects the working efficiency of the coal mining machine. Therefore, the present application provides a coal mining machine and its support device to meet the needs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a coal mining machine and a supporting device thereof. The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A support device for a coal mining machine, located at the top of the coal mining machine and used to support the roof during coal mining; comprising a liftable load plate; a plurality of lower fixing seats fixedly provided on the surface of the load plate, the inner walls of which are connected to hydraulic shock absorbers; a flexible plate provided above the hydraulic shock absorber, the plurality of flexible plates being connected to each other by sliding and rotating hinges to form an array arrangement; spikes detachably connected to the top of the flexible plate, and a protective assembly for protecting against the spikes being mounted on the flexible plate;

[0006] The protective component includes several box bodies, which correspond to the flexible plates one by one; the box bodies are fixed on the surface of the supporting plate, and several cavities are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the box bodies. A sliding rod is slidably connected in each cavity, and a second spring is connected between the bottom of the sliding rod and the bottom surface of the cavity. A wear-resistant sleeve is detachably connected to the sliding rod, and semicircular sliding grooves are symmetrically opened on the outer periphery of each spike on the flexible plate. A wear-resistant sleeve corresponds to the two symmetrical sliding grooves one by one and forms a sliding fit; a plug-in slot is opened on the wear-resistant sleeve, and a sliding sheet is clamped in the plug-in slot, and a number of brushes are fixed on the sliding sheet; the brushes are in contact with the outer wall of the spike.

[0007] Furthermore, a first spring is provided on the hydraulic shock absorber, one end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the lower fixed seat, and the other end is connected to the upper fixed seat on the top of the hydraulic shock absorber; a fixing rod is fixedly provided on the upper surface of the upper fixed seat, and the end of the fixing rod away from the upper fixed seat is connected to the flexible plate.

[0008] Furthermore, a number of connecting grooves are evenly distributed on the surface of the flexible board, and an insertion rod is fixedly provided on the side of the spike close to the flexible board; the spike is inserted into the corresponding connecting groove through the insertion rod; a metal sheet is tightly fitted on the outer wall of the insertion rod, and a connecting hole is opened on the metal sheet, and a flexible gasket is nested in the connecting hole; one side of the flexible gasket is tightly fitted with the spike, and the other side is in close contact with the flexible board; the metal sheet is fixedly connected to the flexible board through a first bolt.

[0009] Furthermore, the sliding rod is provided with an installation groove for plugging into the bottom of the wear-resistant sleeve, and the size and shape of the installation groove are adapted to the bottom of the wear-resistant sleeve; the inner wall of the sliding rod is provided with a threaded hole, and the second bolt is connected to the wear-resistant sleeve after passing through the threaded hole and the installation groove.

[0010] Furthermore, the spikes are arranged in a conical shape, and oblique grooves are equidistantly provided on the outer side walls of the spikes; the brushes are arranged in a gradually inclined shape from the side close to the top of the spikes to the side close to the bottom of the spikes, which is adapted to the conical structure of the spikes.

[0011] Furthermore, a first inclined surface is provided on both sides of the sliding rod, and when the brush cleans the spikes, the coal dust attached to the spikes slides down along the first inclined surface; a second inclined surface is provided on both sides of the box body, and when the coal dust on the sliding rod approaches the box body as the sliding rod moves, the coal dust slides down under the guidance of the second inclined surface; the box body is arranged outside the hydraulic shock absorber, and the hydraulic shock absorber is wrapped by the inner wall of the box body.

[0012] Furthermore, a plug-in is provided at the bottom of the sliding piece, and a slot is provided on the inner wall of the plug-in slot, and the plug-in is snap-connected with the slot.

[0013] Furthermore, the coal mining machine includes a coal mining machine body and a cutting part; the supporting device also includes a hydraulic push rod, which is fixed to the top of the coal mining machine body; the protruding ends of several hydraulic push rods are commonly fixedly connected to the bearing plate.

[0014] Furthermore, a support rod is fixedly provided at each of the four corners of the top of the coal mining machine body, and the bearing plate is slidably sleeved with the outer side wall of the support rod.

[0015] A coal shearer comprises the above-mentioned coal shearer supporting device.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared to the prior art are:

[0017] 1. The present invention provides a supporting device. When the coal mining machine needs to be supported, the extended end of the hydraulic push rod drives the flexible plate to contact the coal seam. When in contact with the coal seam, it can adaptively fit. The flexible plates are connected by a sliding and rotating hinge and can be flexibly adjusted according to the shape of the coal seam. After the flexible plate fits the coal seam, the force it receives is transmitted to the hydraulic shock absorber. When encountering coal seams with different inclinations or heights, the flexible plate rotates on the hinge to adapt to the changes. The force it receives is transmitted to the hydraulic shock absorber through the fixed rod, compressing the hydraulic shock absorber and the first spring, thereby achieving stable support for the coal mining machine in a complex coal seam environment, reducing vibration and shaking caused by uneven force on the coal mining machine, and ensuring smooth and efficient coal mining operations.

[0018] 2. The present invention provides spikes. When the flexible plate fits against the coal seam, the spikes can be inserted into the coal seam, further increasing the friction and adhesion between the flexible plate and the coal seam, so that the coal mining machine can obtain more stable support during operation and reduce instability factors caused by sliding or displacement; the spikes are set in a cone shape, so that the tip area is small and the pressure is concentrated. When the spikes contact the coal seam, the purpose of inserting into the coal seam can be achieved with less force, and an inclined groove is provided on the spikes. In the process of inserting and pulling the spikes into the coal seam, a large amount of coal dust will be generated. The existence of the inclined groove provides a discharge channel for the coal dust, so that the coal dust can be discharged from the contact area between the spikes and the coal seam along the inclined groove, avoiding the accumulation of coal dust around the spikes, affecting the insertion depth and support effect of the spikes.

[0019] 3. The present invention adopts the arrangement of flexible gaskets and metal sheets, and the spikes are fixed on the flexible plate through the flexible gaskets and metal sheets. When the spikes contact the coal seam, the flexible gaskets can effectively buffer the contact force and reduce the impact force generated by the direct contact between the spikes and the coal seam. At the same time, this buffering effect reduces the wear of the connection between the spikes and the flexible plate, prolongs the service life of the spikes, and facilitates the replacement of the spikes when they are worn.

[0020] 4. The present invention provides a protective component, and the wear-resistant sleeve is the first to contact the coal seam and withstand the initial impact force, which prevents the spike from being subjected to large pressure and friction too early, thereby effectively reducing the wear of the spike and extending the service life of the spike. Since the coal seam has an inclination or different layer heights, multiple wear-resistant sleeves can adaptively contact the coal seam to ensure effective contact between the equipment and the coal seam and working stability; in the process of contacting the coal seam, the wear-resistant sleeve is driven by the force to drive the brush on the sliding sheet to clean the coal ash attached to the outer wall of the spike. After the spike is out of contact with the coal seam, the second spring recovers its deformation, so that the brush on the wear-resistant sleeve cleans the coal ash remaining on the spike again, preventing the coal ash from affecting the sharpness of the spike and ensuring the working performance of the spike; and the wear-resistant sleeve and the brush are both detachable. When they are worn out after long-term use and need to be replaced, they can be quickly replaced, reducing maintenance time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the coal mining machine of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the coal mining machine body, hydraulic push rod and bearing plate of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the box body, flexible plate and sliding rod of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0025] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the box body of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the first spring, hydraulic shock absorber and box body of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the spikes and flexible plate of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0029] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the sliding sheet, brush and wear-resistant sleeve of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the connection between the wear-resistant sleeve, the flexible plate and the sliding rod of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 11 It is a structural schematic diagram of the box body, the second inclined surface and the sliding rotary hinge of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 11 Enlarged view of point C in the middle.

[0033] In the picture:

[0034] 101. Coal mining machine body; 2. Support device; 201. Hydraulic push rod; 202. Loading plate; 203. Lower fixed seat; 204. Hydraulic shock absorber; 205. Upper fixed seat; 206. First spring; 207. Fixed rod; 208. Flexible plate; 209. Sliding rotary hinge; 210. Spike; 211. Connecting groove; 212. Insert rod; 213. Metal sheet; 214. Flexible gasket; 215. First Bolt; 3. Protective assembly; 301. Box body; 302. Cavity; 303. Second spring; 304. Sliding rod; 305. Wear-resistant sleeve; 306. Sliding groove; 307. Inserting groove; 308. Sliding sheet; 309. Brush; 310. Plug-in; 311. Slot; 312. Mounting groove; 313. Second bolt; 4. Bevel groove; 5. First inclined surface; 6. Support rod; 7. Second inclined surface; 102. Cutting part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.

[0036] See also Figures 1 to 12 This embodiment proposes a coal mining machine, including a coal mining machine body 101, a cutting part 102 and a support device 2; the support device 2 is installed on the top of the coal mining machine body 101, and the support device 2 is used to support the top plate when the coal mining machine body 101 is performing coal mining work.

[0037] Cutting parts 102 are installed on both sides of the coal mining machine body 101. The cutting parts 102 are the direct execution units of coal mining. The cutting parts 102 are connected to the power system of the coal mining machine body 101. The power system continuously provides powerful power to the cutting parts 102, driving the cutting parts 102 to operate at high speed, thereby efficiently cutting the coal mine.

[0038] Specifically, the support device 2 includes a hydraulic push rod 201, which serves as the power drive unit of the support device 2 and is fixed to the top of the coal mining machine body 101. Several hydraulic push rods 201 are provided, and the protruding ends of the several hydraulic push rods 201 are fixedly connected to the supporting plate 202. These hydraulic push rods 201 can adjust the extension length according to the actual needs of the coal mining operation. Through the internal hydraulic system, when the coal mining machine enters the coal channel to carry out coal mining, the hydraulic push rod 201 can be controlled to start, and its protruding end gradually extends, thereby driving the supporting plate 202 connected thereto to rise or fall, so as to adapt to different coal seam heights and complex working environments, and provide reliable power support for the entire support device 2. The supporting plate 202, as an important load-bearing component of the entire support device 2, can evenly disperse the force transmitted by the hydraulic push rod 201, ensuring the stable operation of the subsequent connected components.

[0039] A support rod 6 is fixedly provided at each of the four corners of the top of the coal mining machine body 101, and the load-bearing plate 202 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the support rod 6. When the hydraulic push rod 201 drives the load-bearing plate 202 to rise or fall, the load-bearing plate 202 can slide smoothly along the outer wall of the support rod 6. During this process, the support rod 6 plays a stable supporting role for the load-bearing plate 202, ensuring that the load-bearing plate 202 moves smoothly in the vertical direction, avoiding shaking, offset, etc., which helps to improve the overall stability of the support device 2.

[0040] A plurality of lower fixing seats 203 are fixedly provided on the surface of the bearing plate 202. The inner wall of the lower fixing seat 203 is connected to a hydraulic shock absorber 204. A first spring 206 is sleeved on the hydraulic shock absorber 204. One end of the first spring 206 is tightly fixed to the lower fixing seat 203, and the other end is connected to the upper fixing seat 205 on the top of the hydraulic shock absorber 204. During the operation of the coal mining machine, due to the complex and changeable conditions of the coal seam, the coal mining machine will inevitably be subjected to various shocks and vibrations. When these external forces are transmitted to the hydraulic shock absorber 204 through the bearing plate 202, the hydraulic shock absorber 204 can respond quickly. Through the flow of hydraulic oil and the damping structure inside, the hydraulic shock absorber 204 can effectively absorb and reduce the impact force, preventing excessive impact force from directly acting on other components, thereby protecting the entire support device 2 and the coal mining machine body 101. The first spring 206 works in conjunction with the hydraulic shock absorber 204 to further enhance the buffering effect.

[0041] When impacted, the hydraulic shock absorber 204 first plays a major buffering role. As the impact force continues to act, the first spring 206 begins to compress and deform, absorbing and storing part of the energy. When the impact force weakens, the first spring 206 will gradually release energy, assisting the hydraulic shock absorber 204 to reset the upper fixed seat 205, ensuring that the entire support structure can quickly return to a stable state and provide continuous and stable support for the coal mining machine.

[0042] A fixing rod 207 is fixedly provided on the upper surface of the upper fixing seat 205. The end of the fixing rod 207 away from the upper fixing seat 205 is connected to a flexible plate 208. The flexible plate 208 is a component that directly contacts the coal seam roof. The flexible plate 208 is made of silicone rubber and reinforced fillers (such as white carbon black, etc.) are added to the silicone rubber to improve its hardness and supporting capacity. Silicone rubber has good flexibility, high temperature resistance and low temperature resistance, and can adapt to a large temperature change range in the coal mine. When the coal mining machine is in the process of coal mining, the flexible plate 208 can adapt to the irregular shape of the coal seam after mining. The flexible plates 208 are connected by a sliding rotary hinge 209 to form an array arrangement. The sliding rotary hinge 209 enables two flexible plates 208 to slide in a plane through the sliding rotary hinge 209, and can also rotate around the axis of the sliding rotary hinge 209, which greatly improves the adaptability of the flexible plates 208 to coal seams with different inclinations and shapes. For example, when encountering a coal seam with an inclined angle, the flexible plate 208 can adjust its own angle by rotating the sliding rotary hinge 209 to better fit the coal seam and ensure the support effect.

[0043] like Figure 12 As shown, the sliding rotary hinge 209 is an existing structure, which includes a base fixed between the flexible plates 208, a rotatable shaft provided on the base, a connecting piece installed on the shaft, the connecting piece can rotate around the shaft, a sliding groove is provided on the connecting piece, a sliding rod is slidably connected in the sliding groove, and the two connecting pieces achieve relative sliding through the sliding rod.

[0044] The top of the flexible plate 208 is detachably connected to a spike 210. When the flexible plate 208 is in contact with the coal seam, the spike 210 can be inserted into the coal seam, further increasing the friction and adhesion between the flexible plate 208 and the coal seam, so that the coal mining machine can obtain more stable support during operation and reduce instability factors caused by sliding or displacement. The spike 210 is set in a cone shape, and the outer wall of the spike 210 is equidistantly provided with inclined grooves 4; the tip area of the conical spike 210 is small and the pressure is concentrated. When the spike 210 contacts the coal seam, it can achieve the purpose of inserting into the coal seam with a smaller force. In the process of inserting and pulling out the spike 210 from the coal seam, a large amount of coal dust will be generated. The existence of the inclined groove 4 provides a discharge channel for the coal dust, so that the coal dust can be discharged from the contact area between the spike 210 and the coal seam along the inclined groove 4, avoiding the accumulation of coal dust around the spike 210, affecting the insertion depth and support effect of the spike 210. At the same time, the detachable design facilitates the replacement of the spike 210 after wear. The old spike 210 can be removed and the new spike 210 can be installed with a simple operation to ensure that the equipment is always in the best working condition.

[0045] Taking into account the complex coal mining environment, the spike 210 will be subjected to a large impact force when it contacts the coal seam. If it acts directly on the connection between the flexible plate 208 and the spike 210, it is easy to cause wear or even damage to the connection part. Therefore, a number of connection grooves 211 are evenly distributed on the surface of the flexible plate 208. A plug rod 212 is fixedly provided on the side of the spike 210 close to the flexible plate 208. When the installation operation is performed, the plug rod 212 is inserted into the connection groove 211 to achieve preliminary positioning and connection. This matching method of the plug rod 212 and the connection groove 211 provides basic stability for the installation of the spike 210 on the flexible plate 208, so that the spike 210 will not easily deviate when it is in contact with the coal seam and subjected to force.

[0046] During actual coal mining operations, when the coal mining machine body 101 enters the coal mining area, the support device 2 is quickly started, and the hydraulic push rod 201 accurately adjusts the extension length, driving the load-bearing plate 202 to rise or fall steadily until the flexible plate 208 is tightly fitted with the coal seam. During this process, the spikes 210 are inserted into the coal seam to further enhance the stability of the support, effectively reducing the vibration and displacement caused by uneven force during operation of the coal mining machine, and providing a solid and reliable support foundation for the stable operation of the cutting part 102.

[0047] In order to further enhance the reliability and stability of the connection, a metal sheet 213 is tightly fitted on the outer wall of the insertion rod 212. The metal sheet 213 has good strength and rigidity, which can effectively disperse the stress borne by the spike 210 during operation and prevent stress concentration from damaging the connection part. A connection hole is opened on the metal sheet 213, and a flexible gasket 214 is nested in the connection hole. The flexible gasket 214 is made of a material with elasticity and buffering properties. One side of the flexible gasket 214 is tightly fitted with the spike 210, and the other side of the flexible gasket 214 is in close contact with the flexible plate 208. When the spike 210 contacts the coal seam and is subjected to force, it can effectively buffer the impact force and reduce the direct rigid collision between the spike 210 and the flexible plate 208, thereby reducing the wear of the connection part and extending the service life of the spike 210 and the flexible plate 208. The metal sheet 213 is fixedly connected to the flexible plate 208 by the first bolt 215, which can ensure that the metal sheet 213, the spike 210 and the flexible plate 208 are tightly combined together.

[0048] When the flexible plate 208 fits the coal seam, the spikes 210 on the surface of the flexible plate 208 will contact the coal seam and penetrate into the coal seam. This not only further improves the degree of fit between the flexible plate 208 and the coal seam, but also enhances the friction between the flexible plate 208 and the coal seam, allowing the coal mining machine to obtain more stable support during operation and reduce instability factors caused by sliding or displacement.

[0049] When the spike 210 is worn out due to long-term use and needs to be replaced, the replacement operation is simple and quick. You only need to unscrew the first bolt 215 on the metal sheet 213 from the flexible plate 208, and then pull out the rod 212 of the spike 210 from the connecting groove 211 to remove the old spike 210 from the metal sheet 213. Then, insert the rod 212 of the new spike 210 into the metal sheet 213, and then insert the metal sheet 213 together with the rod 212 into the connecting groove 211. Finally, use the first bolt 215 to re-fix the metal sheet 213 and the flexible plate 208 to complete the replacement of the spike 210. If the flexible gasket 214 needs to be replaced, the first bolt 215 is also removed first, the old flexible gasket 214 is removed from the connecting hole, and then the new flexible gasket 214 is replaced. This easy-to-operate replacement method ensures that the equipment can be restored to the best working condition in time, thereby improving the efficiency and continuity of coal mining operations.

[0050] Furthermore, considering that the coal mining machine needs to continue to move forward during operation to collect the coal seam in front, during this process, the support device 2 needs to be retracted in time. When the coal mining machine moves to a new position to start coal mining operations, the support device 2 is driven to extend to contact the coal seam and provide support. Since the support device 2 is frequently extended and retracted, the frequency of contact between the spike 210 and the coal seam increases significantly. During the frequent contact with the coal mine, the spike 210 is susceptible to damage such as wear and collision, which will shorten the service life of the spike 210. Therefore, a protective component 3 is installed on the flexible plate 208 to protect the spike 210.

[0051] Specifically, the protective component 3 includes several box bodies 301, and the box bodies 301 correspond to the flexible plates 208 one by one; the box bodies 301 are fixed on the surface of the carrier plate 202, and several cavities 302 are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the box bodies 301. A sliding rod 304 is slidably connected in each cavity 302, and a second spring 303 is connected between the bottom of the sliding rod 304 and the bottom surface of the cavity 302. When an external force is applied to the sliding rod 304, the second spring 303 can absorb and store energy, causing the sliding rod 304 to produce a corresponding displacement. When the external force disappears, the second spring 303 can quickly release energy and push the sliding rod 304 to reset.

[0052] The sliding rod 304 is detachably connected to a wear-resistant sleeve 305, taking into account the wear problem of the wear-resistant sleeve 305 during use, which is convenient for replacement and ensures its effectiveness in the protection process. The sliding rod 304 is specially provided with a mounting groove 312 for plugging into the bottom of the wear-resistant sleeve 305. The size and shape of the mounting groove 312 are adapted to the bottom of the wear-resistant sleeve 305, providing a stable foundation for the connection between the two. At the same time, the inner wall of the sliding rod 304 is also provided with a threaded hole, and the second bolt 313 is connected to the wear-resistant sleeve 305 after passing through the threaded hole and the mounting groove 312. This connection method is both stable and reliable, so that the sliding rod 304 and the wear-resistant sleeve 305 are tightly combined to ensure that the two can work together during the protection process. Semicircular sliding grooves 306 are symmetrically provided on the flexible plate 208 corresponding to the outer periphery of each spike 210. A wear-resistant sleeve 305 corresponds one-to-one to the two symmetrical sliding grooves 306 and forms a sliding fit. When the support device 2 is working, the wear-resistant sleeve 305 can slide up and down along the sliding groove 306. This sliding design enables the wear-resistant sleeve 305 to flexibly respond to different working conditions. For example, when the support device 2 is extended to contact the coal seam, the wear-resistant sleeve 305 can first contact the spike 210 and the coal seam, effectively sharing the impact force and friction force borne by the spike 210.

[0053] When the flexible plate 208 contacts the coal seam, the wear-resistant sleeve 305 first contacts the coal seam. As the extended end of the hydraulic push rod 201 continues to extend, the wear-resistant sleeve 305 continues to contact the coal seam and is subjected to force. Due to the inclination of the coal seam or the different layer heights, multiple wear-resistant sleeves 305 can adaptively contact the coal seam. When the wear-resistant sleeve 305 is subjected to the force of the coal seam, it pushes the sliding rod 304 connected to it to slide downward along the inner wall of the cavity 302, thereby compressing the second spring 303, causing the wear-resistant sleeve 305 to retract toward the box body 301, that is, retract from the surface of the flexible plate 208. Under this design, the wear-resistant sleeve 305 contacts the coal seam first and retracts, and then the spike 210 contacts the coal seam. This can effectively reduce the wear of the spike 210 because the wear-resistant sleeve 305 withstands the initial impact force of the coal seam, preventing the spike 210 from being subjected to excessive pressure and friction too early, thereby reducing the degree of wear on the spike 210.

[0054] Furthermore, a plug-in slot 307 is provided on the wear-resistant sleeve 305, and a sliding piece 308 is clamped in the plug-in slot 307. Several brushes 309 are fixedly set on the sliding piece 308. When the wear-resistant sleeve 305 contacts and slides with the coal seam, the wear-resistant sleeve 305 contacts the outer wall of the spike 210 with the brush 309. Since the spike 210 has coal particles and coal ash attached to the surface after contacting the coal seam, the brush 309 can clean the surface of the spike 210 in time to prevent these attachments from affecting the performance and service life of the spike 210. The brush 309 is made of elastic rubber material. The rubber material of the brush 309 has good flexibility and wear resistance. When cleaning the spike 210, it can not only fit tightly to the surface of the spike 210 with its elasticity, effectively remove attached coal dust and impurities, but also avoid hard scratching damage to the spike 210 during the cleaning process, thereby ensuring the integrity and service life of the spike 210.

[0055] At the same time, the brush 309 is gradually inclined from the side close to the top of the spike 210 to the side close to the bottom of the spike 210. This inclined design is adapted to the conical structure of the spike 210, so that the brush 309 can better conform to the shape of the spike 210 during the cleaning process, achieving all-round cleaning coverage from the top to the bottom of the spike 210. When the sliding piece 308 drives the brush 309 to slide along the outer wall of the spike 210, the inclined brush 309 can sweep away the broken coal dust at different positions at the optimal angle and force, thereby improving the cleaning efficiency, effectively preventing coal dust residue, and maintaining the cleanliness of the surface of the spike 210, thereby ensuring that the spike 210 always maintains good working performance during coal mining operations.

[0056] A plug-in 310 is provided at the bottom of the sliding sheet 308, and a slot 311 is provided on the inner wall of the insertion slot 307, and the plug-in 310 is engaged with the slot 311; when the brush 309 or the sliding sheet 308 needs to be replaced, only the plug-in 310 needs to be pulled out to remove the sliding sheet 308 from the insertion slot 307, which is simple and quick to operate, thereby improving the maintenance efficiency of the equipment.

[0057] The sliding rod 304 is provided with first inclined surfaces 5 on both sides. When the brush 309 cleans the spike 210, it can help the coal debris attached to the spike 210 slide down the first inclined surfaces 5, effectively preventing the coal debris from accumulating on the sliding rod 304. The box body 301 is provided with second inclined surfaces 7 on both sides. When the coal debris on the sliding rod 304 moves closer to the box body 301 as the sliding rod 304 moves, the coal debris will not accumulate on the surface of the box body 301 under the guidance of the second inclined surfaces 7. Instead, it will slide smoothly downward along the second inclined surfaces 7, thereby always keeping the surface of the box body 301 relatively clean. The box body 301 is arranged outside the hydraulic shock absorber 204, and the inner wall of the box body 301 wraps the hydraulic shock absorber 204, preventing coal debris generated during coal mining from entering between the hydraulic shock absorber 204 and the first spring 206.

[0058] When the wear-resistant sleeve 305 contacts the coal seam, the brush 309 on the sliding piece 308 is driven by the force to slide downward along the outer wall of the spike 210, cleaning the coal mine attached to the outer wall of the spike 210. When the spike 210 loses contact with the coal seam, the second spring 303 in the cavity 302 recovers its deformation, pushing the sliding rod 304 to slide upward along the inner wall of the cavity 302, so that the brush 309 on the wear-resistant sleeve 305 contacts the outer wall of the spike 210 again. At this time, the coal ash remaining on the spike 210 after contacting the coal seam can be cleaned. In this way, the wear-resistant sleeve 305 can not only protect the spike 210 when contacting the coal seam and reduce its wear, but also clean the broken coal ash on the spike 210 during the retraction and resetting process to prevent the coal ash from affecting the sharpness of the spike 210 when it contacts the coal seam next time.

[0059] When the brush 309 is severely worn due to long-term use and needs to be replaced, just pull out the sliding piece 308 from the insertion slot 307 with force, replace it with a new sliding piece 308, and insert the plug 310 on the new sliding piece 308 into the slot 311 to complete the replacement. If the wear-resistant sleeve 305 needs to be replaced after long-term use, first loosen the second bolt 313, pull out the old wear-resistant sleeve 305 from the mounting slot 312, and then fix the new sliding piece 308 with the brush 309 to the slot 311 through the plug 310, and finally tighten the second bolt 313 to complete the replacement of the wear-resistant sleeve 305.

[0060] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with a specific preferred embodiment. It cannot be considered that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited to this. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, they can make several simple deductions or substitutions without departing from the present invention, which should be regarded as belonging to the scope of patent protection determined by the submitted claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A supporting device for a coal mining machine, wherein the supporting device (2) is located at the top of the coal mining machine and is used to support the roof during coal mining; characterized in that: The invention comprises a lifting and lowering supporting plate (202); a plurality of lower fixing seats (203) are fixedly provided on the surface of the supporting plate (202); the inner wall of the lower fixing seat (203) is connected to a hydraulic shock absorber (204); a flexible plate (208) is provided above the hydraulic shock absorber (204); the plurality of flexible plates (208) are connected to each other via a sliding rotating hinge (209) to form an array arrangement; a spike (210) is detachably connected to the top of the flexible plate (208); a protective component (3) for protecting the spike (210) is installed on the flexible plate (208); A first spring (206) is sleeved on the hydraulic shock absorber (204), one end of the first spring (206) is fixedly connected to the lower fixing seat (203), and the other end is connected to the upper fixing seat (205) on the top of the hydraulic shock absorber (204); a fixing rod (207) is fixedly provided on the upper surface of the upper fixing seat (205), and one end of the fixing rod (207) away from the upper fixing seat (205) is connected to the flexible plate (208); The protective assembly (3) includes a plurality of box bodies (301), and the box bodies (301) correspond to the flexible plates (208) one by one. The box bodies (301) are fixed on the surface of the carrier plate (202), and a plurality of cavities (302) are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the box body (301). A sliding rod (304) is slidably connected in each cavity (302), and a second spring (303) is connected between the bottom of the sliding rod (304) and the bottom surface of the cavity (302). A wear-resistant sleeve (305) is detachably connected to the sliding rod (304). ), a semicircular sliding groove (306) is symmetrically provided on the flexible plate (208) corresponding to the outer periphery of each spike (210), and a wear-resistant sleeve (305) corresponds to the two symmetrically provided sliding grooves (306) one by one and forms a sliding fit; a plug-in groove (307) is provided on the wear-resistant sleeve (305), a sliding piece (308) is clamped in the plug-in groove (307), and a plurality of brushes (309) are fixedly provided on the sliding piece (308); the brushes (309) are in contact with the outer side wall of the spike (210).

2. A coal mining machine support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of connection grooves (211) are evenly distributed on the surface of the flexible plate (208); a plug rod (212) is fixedly provided on one side of the spike (210) close to the flexible plate (208); the spike (210) is inserted into the corresponding connection groove (211) through the plug rod (212); a metal sheet (213) is tightly fitted on the outer wall of the plug rod (212); a connection hole is opened on the metal sheet (213), and a flexible gasket (214) is nested in the connection hole; one side of the flexible gasket (214) is tightly fitted with the spike (210), and the other side is in close contact with the flexible plate (208); the metal sheet (213) is fixedly connected to the flexible plate (208) via a first bolt (215).

3. A coal mining machine support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding rod (304) is provided with a mounting groove (312) for plugging into the bottom of the wear-resistant sleeve (305), and the size and shape of the mounting groove (312) are adapted to the bottom of the wear-resistant sleeve (305); the inner wall of the sliding rod (304) is provided with a threaded hole, and the second bolt (313) is connected to the wear-resistant sleeve (305) after passing through the threaded hole and the mounting groove (312).

4. A coal mining machine support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spike (210) is arranged in a conical shape, and the outer wall of the spike (210) is provided with oblique grooves (4) at equal intervals; the brush (309) is arranged in a gradually inclined shape from the side close to the top of the spike (210) to the side close to the bottom of the spike (210), which is adapted to the conical structure of the spike (210).

5. A coal mining machine support device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first inclined surface (5) is provided on both sides of the sliding rod (304), and when the brush (309) cleans the spike (210), the coal dust attached to the spike (210) slides down along the first inclined surface (5); a second inclined surface (7) is provided on both sides of the box body (301), and when the coal dust on the sliding rod (304) moves closer to the box body (301) as the sliding rod (304) moves, the coal dust slides down under the guidance of the second inclined surface (7); the box body (301) is arranged outside the hydraulic shock absorber (204), and the hydraulic shock absorber (204) is wrapped by the inner wall of the box body (301).

6. A coal mining machine support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plug-in unit (310) is provided at the bottom of the sliding sheet (308), a slot (311) is provided on the inner wall of the plug-in slot (307), and the plug-in unit (310) is engaged with the slot (311).

7. A coal mining machine support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coal mining machine comprises a coal mining machine body (101) and a cutting part (102); the supporting device (2) further comprises a hydraulic push rod (201), and the hydraulic push rod (201) is fixed to the top of the coal mining machine body (101); the protruding ends of the plurality of hydraulic push rods (201) are fixedly connected to the bearing plate (202).

8. A coal mining machine support device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A support rod (6) is fixedly provided at each of the four corners of the top of the coal mining machine body (101), and the bearing plate (202) is slidably sleeved with the outer side wall of the support rod (6).

9. A coal mining machine, characterized in that: It comprises a coal mining machine support device as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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