Ultra-deep vertical shaft wall back advanced blasting pressure relief method and system, medium and terminal

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultra-deep vertical shaft wall back advanced blasting pressure relief method and system, a medium and a terminal, relates to the technical field of deep mineral resource mining, and mainly aims to solve the problem that the pressure relief effect is reduced due to the fact that stress cannot be completely isolated outside ultra-deep vertical shaft surrounding rock in the prior art. Comprising the steps that the excavation and tunneling process is simulated, the excavation and tunneling process is corrected based on collected stress concentration area data, and stress field change data in the tunneling and excavation process are obtained; determining the radius of a target stress concentration area and the size of a pressure relief area according to the stress field change data; according to the size of the pressure relief area and a preset blast hole distance, the number of blast holes and the positions of the blast holes are determined; determining the inclination angle of the blast hole according to the radius of the target stress concentration area; and according to the number of the blast holes, the positions of the blast holes, the inclination angles of the blast holes and the preset blast hole length, the blast holes are arranged and filled with explosives, and then wall-behind advanced blasting pressure relief operation is carried out on the current driving working face.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mineral resource mining, and particularly to a method and system, medium, and terminal for pre - advanced blasting pressure relief behind the wall of an ultra - deep shaft. Background Art

[0002] With the full entry of mineral resource development into the second depth space (1000 - 2000 m), there are more and more mines with a mining depth of one kilometer, and the in - situ stress also increases continuously with the increase of the mining depth. Therefore, the probability of rockburst occurrence also increases significantly. Rockburst refers to the phenomenon that under high in - situ stress conditions, relatively intact hard - brittle rock masses are affected by excavation disturbances and instantaneously release the internal elastic strain energy, resulting in surrounding rock rupture and rock block ejection. To prevent the occurrence of rockburst, effective measures must be taken for pressure relief to reduce the stress concentration in the surrounding rock of deep shafts, thereby ensuring the safety of mineral resource mining. It can be understood that pressure relief is to apply the transfer principle to transfer local high in - situ stress to the surrounding or deep surrounding rock through certain pressure relief measures, and reduce the stress in the excavation area by improving the stress distribution state of the rock mass to ensure the smooth implementation of deep mining or deep roadway tunneling in the mine.

[0003] Currently, the main pressure relief methods include hydraulic pressure relief, borehole pressure relief, excavation of pressure relief grooves / pressure relief roadways, and blasting pressure relief, etc. Among them, due to the advantages of simple construction technology and good pressure relief effect, blasting pressure relief is widely used. The existing blasting pressure relief method is to drill advanced vertical deep holes at the tunneling face to transfer the stress into the shaft for pressure relief. However, since this pressure relief method cannot completely isolate the stress outside the surrounding rock of the ultra - deep shaft, the pressure relief effect decreases, and there are still potential safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present application provides a method and system, medium, and terminal for pre - advanced blasting pressure relief behind the wall of an ultra - deep shaft, mainly aiming at the problem of the decrease in the pressure relief effect caused by the inability to completely isolate the stress outside the surrounding rock of the ultra - deep shaft.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present application, a method for pre - advanced blasting pressure relief behind the wall of an ultra - deep shaft is provided, including:

[0006] Obtaining the stress concentration area data of the target shaft at the current tunneling face, simulating the tunneling process, and correcting the simulated tunneling process based on the stress concentration area data to obtain the stress field change data during the tunneling excavation process;

[0007] Determining the radius of the target stress concentration area and the size of the pressure relief area according to the stress field change data;

[0008] Determining the number and positions of the blast holes according to the size of the pressure relief area and the preset blast hole spacing;

[0009] Determine the dip angle of the blast hole according to the radius of the target stress concentration area;

[0010] Arrange the blast holes according to the number, position, dip angle of the blast holes and the preset blast hole length, and fill with explosives to perform the behind-wall advanced blasting pressure relief operation at the current driving face.

[0011] Preferably, the pressure relief area includes the pressure relief area in the direction of the maximum principal stress and the pressure relief area in the direction of the minimum principal stress.

[0012] Preferably, for the pressure relief area in the direction of the maximum principal stress, determining the number and position of the blast holes according to the size of the pressure relief area and the preset blast hole spacing includes:

[0013] Calculate the arc length corresponding to the pressure relief area in the direction of the maximum principal stress according to the size of the pressure relief area in the direction of the maximum principal stress;

[0014] Obtain the first preset blast hole spacing, and calculate the quotient between the arc length and the first preset blast hole spacing to determine the number of the first blast holes corresponding to the pressure relief area in the direction of the maximum principal stress;

[0015] Taking the direction of the maximum principal stress as the axis of symmetry, symmetrically arrange each of the first blast holes according to the first preset blast hole spacing to determine the position of each of the first blast holes.

[0016] Preferably, for the pressure relief area in the direction of the minimum principal stress, determining the number and position of the blast holes according to the size of the pressure relief area and the preset blast hole spacing includes:

[0017] Obtain the second preset blast hole spacing, and determine the number of the second blast holes corresponding to the pressure relief area in the direction of the minimum principal stress according to the size of the pressure relief area in the direction of the minimum principal stress and the second preset blast hole spacing;

[0018] Taking the direction of the minimum principal stress as the axis of symmetry, symmetrically arrange each of the second blast holes according to the second preset blast hole spacing to determine the position of each of the second blast holes.

[0019] Preferably, determining the dip angle of the blast hole according to the radius of the target stress concentration area includes:

[0020] Calculate the difference between the radius of the target stress concentration area and the radius of the target shaft, and determine the dip angle of the blast hole according to the difference and the vertical depth of the advanced pressure relief. The blast holes include the first blast hole and the second blast hole.

[0021] Preferably, before determining the number and positions of the blast holes according to the size of the pressure relief area and the preset blast hole spacing, the method further includes:

[0022] Calculating the damage diameter caused by the explosive blasting to the rock of the target vertical shaft, and determining the preset blast hole spacing according to the damage diameter, where the preset blast hole spacing includes a first preset blast hole spacing and a second preset blast hole spacing.

[0023] Preferably, before arranging the blast holes according to the number, positions, inclination angles of the blast holes and the preset blast hole length, the method further includes:

[0024] Calculating the preset blast hole length according to the following formula

[0025]

[0026] where L represents the preset blast hole length, h represents the driving depth of the target vertical shaft, B represents the horizontal fracture depth of the surrounding rock, i represents the fracture zone number that appears from the shaft wall to the deep part of the surrounding rock when the target vertical shaft has zonal fractures, and R represents the radius of the target vertical shaft.

[0027] According to another aspect of the present application, a system for pre - advanced blasting pressure relief behind the wall of an ultra - deep vertical shaft is provided, including:

[0028] A stress field change data acquisition module, configured to acquire data on the stress concentration area at the current driving face of the target vertical shaft, simulate the excavation process, and correct the simulated excavation process based on the stress concentration area data to obtain stress field change data during the excavation process;

[0029] A first blast hole parameter determination module, configured to determine the radius of the target stress concentration area and the size of the pressure relief area according to the stress field change data;

[0030] A second blast hole parameter determination module, configured to determine the number and positions of the blast holes according to the size of the pressure relief area and the preset blast hole spacing;

[0031] A third blast hole parameter determination module, configured to determine the inclination angle of the blast holes according to the radius of the target stress concentration area;

[0032] A blasting pressure relief module, configured to arrange the blast holes according to the number, positions, inclination angles of the blast holes and the preset blast hole length, and fill with explosives to perform pre - advanced blasting pressure relief operation behind the wall at the current driving face.

[0033] Preferably, the pressure relief area includes a pressure relief area in the maximum principal stress direction and a pressure relief area in the minimum principal stress direction.

[0034] Preferably, for the pressure relief area in the direction of the maximum principal stress, the second blast hole parameter determination module is configured to:

[0035] Calculate the arc length corresponding to the pressure relief area in the direction of the maximum principal stress according to the size of the pressure relief area in the direction of the maximum principal stress;

[0036] Obtain a first preset blast hole spacing, and calculate the quotient between the arc length and the first preset blast hole spacing to determine the number of the first blast holes corresponding to the pressure relief area in the direction of the maximum principal stress;

[0037] Taking the direction of the maximum principal stress as the axis of symmetry, symmetrically arrange each of the first blast holes according to the first preset blast hole spacing to determine the positions of each of the first blast holes.

[0038] Preferably, for the pressure relief area in the direction of the minimum principal stress, the second blast hole parameter determination module is configured to:

[0039] Obtain a second preset blast hole spacing, and determine the number of the second blast holes corresponding to the pressure relief area in the direction of the minimum principal stress according to the size of the pressure relief area in the direction of the minimum principal stress and the second preset blast hole spacing;

[0040] Taking the direction of the minimum principal stress as the axis of symmetry, symmetrically arrange each of the second blast holes according to the second preset blast hole spacing to determine the positions of each of the second blast holes.

[0041] Preferably, the third blast hole parameter determination module includes:

[0042] Calculate the difference between the radius of the target stress concentration area and the radius of the target vertical shaft, and determine the inclination angle of the blast holes according to the difference and the vertical depth of the advanced pressure relief. The blast holes include the first blast holes and the second blast holes.

[0043] Preferably, before the second blast hole parameter determination module, the system further includes a blast hole spacing determination module, configured to:

[0044] Calculate the damage diameter caused by the explosive blasting to the rock of the target vertical shaft, and determine a preset blast hole spacing according to the damage diameter. The preset blast hole spacing includes the first preset blast hole spacing and the second preset blast hole spacing.

[0045] Preferably, before the blasting pressure relief module, the system further includes a blast hole length determination module, configured to:

[0046] Calculate a preset blast hole length according to the following formula

[0047]

[0048] Among them, L represents the preset length of the blast hole, h represents the driving depth of the target vertical shaft, B represents the horizontal fracture depth of the surrounding rock, i represents the number of the fracture zone that appears from the shaft wall to the deep part of the surrounding rock when the target vertical shaft undergoes zonal fracturing, and R represents the radius of the target vertical shaft.

[0049] According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a storage medium storing at least one executable instruction, and the executable instruction causes a processor to perform operations corresponding to the above-described method for pre-advanced blasting pressure relief after the ultra-deep vertical shaft wall.

[0050] According to still another aspect of the present application, there is provided a terminal, including: a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a communication bus, and the processor, the memory, and the communication interface complete communication with each other through the communication bus;

[0051] The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction, and the executable instruction causes the processor to perform operations corresponding to the above-described method for pre-advanced blasting pressure relief after the ultra-deep vertical shaft wall.

[0052] By means of the above technical solutions, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application have at least the following advantages:

[0053] The present application provides a method and system, medium, and terminal for pre - blasting pressure relief behind the wall of an ultra - deep shaft. First, data on the stress - concentration area at the current tunneling face of the target shaft is obtained, the tunneling process is simulated, and based on the stress - concentration area data, the simulated tunneling process is corrected to obtain stress - field change data during the tunneling excavation process. Secondly, according to the stress - field change data, the radius of the target stress - concentration area and the size of the pressure - relief area are determined. Further, according to the size of the pressure - relief area and a preset hole - spacing, the number and positions of the blast holes are determined. At the same time, according to the radius of the target stress - concentration area, the inclination angle of the blast holes is determined. Finally, blast holes are arranged according to the number, positions, inclination angles of the blast holes, and a preset hole length, and explosives are loaded to perform pre - blasting pressure relief behind the wall at the current tunneling face. Compared with the prior art, in the embodiment of the present application, by simulating the tunneling process, stress - field change data during the tunneling excavation process is obtained, and based on this, the radius of the target stress - concentration area and the size of the pressure - relief area are determined. Then, based on the size of the pressure - relief area and the preset hole - spacing, the number and positions of the blast holes are determined, and based on the radius of the target stress - concentration area, the inclination angle of the blast holes is determined. Finally, blast holes are drilled based on the number, positions, inclination angles of the blast holes, and the preset hole length, and explosives are loaded to perform pre - blasting pressure relief behind the wall. By improving the arrangement form of the blast holes, explosion - induced cracks are formed in the direction parallel to the minimum principal stress direction, blocking the transmission path of mining - induced stress of the target shaft from the source, so that the stress cannot be transmitted to the periphery of the target shaft and is completely isolated outside the surrounding rock of the target shaft, ensuring that the target shaft is in a low - stress area, improving the pressure - relief effect, and ensuring the stability of the shaft wall of the target shaft and the safety of on - site construction personnel.

[0054] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to be able to understand the technical means of the present application more clearly, it can be implemented according to the content of the specification. And in order to make the above and other purposes, features, and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present application are given below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] By reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, various other advantages and benefits will become clear to those of ordinary skill in the art. The drawings are only for the purpose of showing the preferred embodiments and are not considered to be a limitation of the present application. And throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0056] Figure 1 It shows a flowchart of a method for pre - blasting pressure relief behind the wall of an ultra - deep shaft provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 2 It shows a schematic diagram of stress - field change data provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 3 Shows a schematic diagram of the target stress concentration area provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Figure 4 Shows a flowchart of another method for pre - blasting pressure relief behind the wall of an ultra - deep vertical shaft provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0060] Figure 5 Shows a schematic diagram of the position of the first blast hole provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0061] Figure 6 Shows a schematic diagram of the position of the second blast hole provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0062] Figure 7 Shows a block diagram of the composition of a pre - blasting pressure relief system behind the wall of an ultra - deep vertical shaft provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0063] Figure 8 Shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal provided by the embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0064] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure can be more thoroughly understood and the scope of the present disclosure can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0065] At the same time, it should be understood that, for the sake of convenience of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual proportional relationships.

[0066] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and in no way limits the present application, its application, or its use.

[0067] For technologies, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art, detailed discussions may not be made, but where appropriate, such technologies, methods, and devices should be regarded as part of the specification.

[0068] It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0069] Embodiments of the present application can be applied to a computer system / server, which can operate together with many other general-purpose or special-purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well-known computing systems, environments, and / or configurations suitable for use with computer systems / servers include, but are not limited to: personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin clients, thick clients, handheld or laptop devices, microprocessor-based systems, set-top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network personal computers, minicomputer systems, mainframe computer systems, and distributed cloud computing technology environments including any of the above systems, and so on.

[0070] The computer system / server can be described in the general context of computer system-executable instructions, such as program modules, executed by a computer system. Generally, program modules can include routines, programs, object programs, components, logic, data structures, and so on, which perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. The computer system / server can be implemented in a distributed cloud computing environment where tasks are executed by remote processing devices linked through a communication network. In a distributed cloud computing environment, program modules can be located on local or remote computing system storage media including storage devices.

[0071] Embodiments of the present application provide a method for pre-emptive blasting pressure relief behind the lining of a super-deep shaft, as Figure 1 shown, the method includes:

[0072] 101. Obtain data on the stress concentration area at the current tunneling face of the target shaft, simulate the tunneling process, and correct the simulated tunneling process based on the stress concentration area data to obtain the stress field change data during the tunneling excavation process.

[0073] Among them, the target shaft can be an ultra-deep shaft or an ordinary shaft, and no specific limitation is made in the embodiments of the present application; the stress concentration area data is used to characterize the stress concentration area data before excavation and tunneling. In the embodiments of the present application, the current execution end can be a safety monitoring unit of a mining shaft and can be used to formulate a blasting pressure relief plan. Specifically, first, the detection unit (including a geophone and a collector) in the microseismic monitoring system is arranged above the current tunneling face of the target shaft. For example, starting from the current tunneling face, a set of detection units is arranged every 10 m in the vertical distance, and a total of 8 sets are arranged. During operation, the collector transmits the microseismic waveforms detected by the geophone back to the ground through optical fibers, and uses the data processing software in the microseismic monitoring system to determine the occurrence position of the microseismic waveform signal, and determines the area where the microseismic events are concentrated as the stress concentration area (the probability of rock burst occurring in this area is relatively high), so as to obtain the stress concentration area data. Further, since the microseismic monitoring system cannot intuitively reflect the change of the stress field during the excavation and tunneling process, to solve this problem, in the embodiments of the present application, the excavation and tunneling process can be simulated by using numerical simulation software, and the stress concentration area obtained by on-site monitoring is used to continuously correct the numerical simulation results, so as to obtain the stress field change data during the excavation and tunneling process, such as Figure 2 shown, where σ1 in the figure represents the direction of the maximum principal stress, and σ3 represents the direction of the minimum principal stress. According to Figure 2 it can be seen that after the target shaft is excavated and tunneled, the stress on the maximum principal stress direction σ1 around the target shaft is transferred to the minimum principal stress direction σ3, so the stress concentration area after excavation and tunneling is the surrounding rock on both sides of the target shaft in the direction of the minimum principal stress σ3.

[0074] 102. Determine the radius of the target stress concentration area and the size of the pressure relief area according to the stress field change data.

[0075] Among them, the target stress concentration area is used to characterize the stress concentration area after blasting pressure relief. As Figure 3 shown, the circle pointed to by No. 3 in the figure is the target stress concentration area, the circle pointed to by No. 1 in the figure represents the target shaft, and the area between No. 1 and No. 3 is the pressure relief circle, that is, the position where a fracture zone is expected to be generated by blasting; the pressure relief area is used to characterize the area that blocks the stress transmission path of the shaft. It can be understood that according to Figure 2 the stress field change data shown in the excavation and tunneling process, it can be seen that after the target shaft is excavated and tunneled, the stress on the maximum principal stress direction σ1 around the target shaft is transferred to the minimum principal stress direction σ3. Therefore, in order to prevent the stress from concentrating in the direction of the minimum principal stress σ3, it can be achieved by blocking the stress transmission path. Specifically, first, according to Figure 2Determine the radius of the target stress concentration area based on the stress field change data during the tunneling excavation process shown, so as to achieve the purpose of blocking the stress transmission path; further, determine the layout position of the pressure relief area required to generate the target stress concentration area. For example, set a pressure relief area parallel to the direction of the minimum principal stress σ3 around the target shaft, such as Figure 3 The areas pointed to by numbers 21, 22, 23, and 24 in Figure 3 all represent pressure relief areas; finally, numerical simulation software can be used to simulate the pressure relief effect of pressure relief areas of different sizes on the target shaft, so as to determine the size of the pressure relief area. For example, the pressure relief areas 21 and 22 on both sides of the maximum principal stress direction σ1 need to be greater than or equal to the diameter of the target shaft, and the pressure relief areas 23 and 24 on both sides of the minimum principal stress direction σ3 need to be greater than or equal to one-fifth of the diameter of the target shaft, and determine the optimal size of the pressure relief area.

[0076] 103. Determine the number and positions of the blast holes according to the size of the pressure relief area and the preset blast hole spacing.

[0077] Among them, the size of the pressure relief area includes length and width; the blast hole spacing is used to represent the minimum spacing required to ensure that adjacent blast holes can form a through crack; the blast hole position is used to represent the starting position of the blast hole on the current tunneling face. In the embodiments of the present application, according to the size of the pressure relief area and the preset blast hole spacing, the number of blast holes required to cover the pressure relief area by blasting can be determined; then, by arranging each blast hole according to the spacing, the position of each blast hole can be determined.

[0078] 104. Determine the inclination angle of the blast hole according to the radius of the target stress concentration area.

[0079] In the embodiments of the present application, according to the radius of the target stress concentration area and the radius of the target shaft, the horizontal distance between the target stress concentration area and the target shaft can be determined. Combining with the vertical depth of the advanced pressure relief, the inclination angle of the blast hole can be determined based on trigonometric functions.

[0080] 105. Arrange the blast holes according to the number, positions, inclination angle of the blast holes and the preset blast hole length, and fill the explosive to perform the advanced post-wall blasting pressure relief operation on the current tunneling face.

[0081] In the embodiments of the present application, drilling can be carried out according to data such as the number, positions, inclination angle of the blast holes and the preset blast hole length. Fill and detonate the explosive in the blast holes, and the advanced post-wall blasting pressure relief operation on the current tunneling face can be realized.

[0082] Compared with the prior art, in the embodiment of the present application, by simulating the tunneling process, the stress field change data during the tunneling excavation process is obtained, and based on this, the radius of the target stress concentration area and the size of the pressure relief area are determined. Then, based on the size of the pressure relief area and the preset blast hole spacing, the number and positions of the blast holes are determined, and the inclination angle of the blast holes is determined based on the radius of the target pressure relief circle. Finally, based on the number, positions, inclination angles of the blast holes and the preset blast hole length, the blast holes are drilled, and explosives are filled to carry out the pre - advanced blasting pressure relief behind the wall. By improving the arrangement form of the blast holes, explosion - induced cracks are formed in the direction parallel to the minimum principal stress, blocking the stress transfer path of the mining stress of the target shaft from the source, so that the stress cannot be transmitted to the periphery of the target shaft and is completely isolated outside the surrounding rock of the target shaft, ensuring that the target shaft is in a low - stress area, improving the pressure relief effect, and ensuring the stability of the target shaft wall and the safety of on - site construction personnel.

[0083] The embodiment of the present application provides another method for pre - advanced blasting pressure relief behind the wall of an ultra - deep shaft, as Figure 4 shown, the method includes:

[0084] 201. Obtain the stress concentration area data of the target shaft at the current tunneling working face, simulate the tunneling process, and correct the simulated tunneling process based on the stress concentration area data to obtain the stress field change data during the tunneling excavation process.

[0085] In the embodiment of the present application, the process of obtaining the stress field change data can refer to the corresponding description in step 101 of the embodiment, and will not be elaborated here.

[0086] 202. Determine the radius of the target stress concentration area and the size of the pressure relief area according to the stress field change data.

[0087] Exemplarily, taking the stress field change data as shown in Figure 2 as an example, first, according to the Figure 2 stress field change data, the radius of the target stress concentration area is determined. The position with a radius of 10.37 m can be selected as the target stress concentration area. Further, pressure relief areas are respectively set at four positions around the target shaft parallel to the minimum principal stress direction σ3, such as the areas pointed to by the numbers 21, 22, 23, and 24 in Figure 3 . Finally, the numerical simulation software is used to simulate the pressure relief effect of the target shaft by pressure relief areas of different sizes, so as to determine that the lengths of the pressure relief areas 21 and 22 are 11.5 m, the diameter lengths of the pressure relief areas 23 and 24 are 2.1 m, which is the diameter of the target shaft.

[0088] 203. Determine the preset blast hole spacing.

[0089] Among them, the preset blasthole spacing includes a first preset blasthole spacing and a second preset blasthole spacing. The first preset blasthole spacing is used to characterize the blasthole spacing used in the pressure relief area in the direction of the maximum principal stress, and the second preset blasthole spacing is used to characterize the blasthole spacing used in the pressure relief area in the direction of the minimum principal stress.

[0090] Specifically, the damage diameter caused by explosive blasting to the target shaft rock is first calculated, and then the preset blasthole spacing is determined according to the damage diameter. The damage diameter can be calculated based on the following formula:

[0091]

[0092] Among them, R p It represents the damage radius caused by explosive blasting to the target shaft rock, b represents the lateral stress coefficient, b = μ d / (1-μ d ), μ d represents the dynamic Poisson's ratio of the rock, which can be taken as 0.8 times the static Poisson's ratio, ρ0 represents the density of the explosive, D represents the detonation velocity of the explosive, r c represents the diameter of the explosive, n represents the pressure increase coefficient when the explosive explosion product expands and collides with the blasthole wall, which can be taken as 10; α represents the stress wave load propagation attenuation index, α=2-μ d / (1-μ d ), σ t represents the uniaxial tensile strength of rock, r b Indicates the diameter of the blast hole.

[0093] continue Figure 2 For example, the damage diameter is calculated to be 0.88m.

[0094] Furthermore, based on the damage diameter of 0.88 m, the first preset blasthole spacing is determined to be 0.76 m, and the second preset blasthole spacing is determined to be 0.7 m.

[0095] 204. Determine the number and location of blast holes based on the size of the pressure relief area and the preset blast hole spacing.

[0096] The pressure relief area includes the pressure relief area in the direction of the maximum principal stress and the pressure relief area in the direction of the minimum principal stress. The pressure relief area in the direction of the maximum principal stress is used to characterize the pressure relief area located in the direction of the maximum principal stress σ1, that is, Figure 3 The pressure relief area indicated by numbers 21 and 22 in the figure is used to characterize the pressure relief area located in the direction of the minimum principal stress σ3, that is, Figure 3 The pressure relief areas indicated by numbers 23 and 24.

[0097] Specifically, for the pressure relief area in the direction of the maximum principal stress, step 204 of the embodiment specifically includes: First, calculate the arc length corresponding to the pressure relief area in the direction of the maximum principal stress according to the size of the pressure relief area in the direction of the maximum principal stress. It can be calculated based on the following formula:

[0098]

[0099] where L′ represents the arc length corresponding to the pressure relief area in the direction of the maximum principal stress, R2 represents the distance from the bottom of the blast hole to the center of the target shaft, and R represents the radius of the target shaft. According to Figure 2 the example, the arc length corresponding to the pressure relief area in the direction of the maximum principal stress is 12.19 m.

[0100] Obtain the first preset blast hole spacing, and calculate the quotient between the arc length and the first preset blast hole spacing to determine the number of the first blast holes corresponding to the pressure relief area in the direction of the maximum principal stress. According to Figure 2 the example, the quotient between the arc length of 12.19 m and the first preset blast hole spacing of 0.76 m is 16, indicating that 16 blast holes are required to cover the pressure relief area with an arc length of 12.19 m.

[0101] Taking the direction of the maximum principal stress as the axis of symmetry, symmetrically arrange each first blast hole according to the first preset blast hole spacing to determine the positions of each first blast hole. Continuing with the above example, arrange the 16 first blast holes symmetrically on both sides of the direction of the maximum principal stress with the direction of the maximum principal stress as the axis of symmetry, and the spacing between adjacent blast holes is 0.76 m, thereby determining the positions of each first blast hole, as Figure 5 shown.

[0102] For the pressure relief area in the direction of the minimum principal stress, step 204 of the embodiment specifically includes: Obtain the second preset blast hole spacing, and determine the number of the second blast holes corresponding to the pressure relief area in the direction of the minimum principal stress according to the size of the pressure relief area in the direction of the minimum principal stress and the second preset blast hole spacing. According to Figure 2 the example, the length of the pressure relief area in the direction of the minimum principal stress is 2.1 m, the second preset blast hole spacing is 0.7 m, and 3 rows of blast holes are required to cover this length. According to Figure 3 it can be known that in order to achieve the best pressure relief effect, the layout mode of the pressure relief area in the direction of the minimum principal stress is a linear area parallel to the direction of the minimum principal stress. Therefore, in order to completely cover the pressure relief area in the direction of the minimum principal stress, 3 rows × 2 columns of second blast holes are required.

[0103] Taking the direction of the minimum principal stress as the axis of symmetry, arrange each second blast hole symmetrically according to the second preset blast hole spacing to determine the positions of the blast holes. Continuing with the above example, arrange two columns of second blast holes symmetrically with the direction of the minimum principal stress as the axis of symmetry, one column on each side, with a spacing of 0.7 m; arrange three rows of second blast holes at positions 1.21 m above the shaft wall, at the angle between the shaft wall and the working face, and at the heading face position 0.7 m away from the shaft wall, as shown in Figure 6 shown

[0104] 205. Determine the inclination angle of the blast hole according to the radius of the target stress concentration area.

[0105] Specifically, first calculate the difference between the radius of the target stress concentration area and the radius of the target shaft, that is, the horizontal distance between the target stress concentration area and the target shaft, and then determine the inclination angle of the blast hole based on the difference and the vertical depth of the advance pressure relief using trigonometric functions.

[0106] It should be noted that the blast holes in the embodiments of the present application include first blast holes and second blast holes; the vertical depth of the advance pressure relief usually takes a value of 2 times the excavation advance depth.

[0107] 206. Determine the preset blast hole length.

[0108] Specifically, the preset blast hole length can be calculated according to the following formula

[0109]

[0110] where L represents the preset blast hole length, h represents the excavation depth of the target shaft, B represents the horizontal fracture depth of the surrounding rock, i represents the fracture zone number that appears from the shaft wall to the deep part of the surrounding rock when the target shaft undergoes zonal fracture, and R represents the radius of the target shaft.

[0111] 207. Arrange the blast holes according to the number of blast holes, the positions of the blast holes, the inclination angles of the blast holes, and the preset blast hole length, and fill the explosive to perform the behind-the-wall advance blasting pressure relief operation at the current heading face.

[0112] In the embodiments of the present application, according to data such as the number of blast holes, the positions of the blast holes, the inclination angles of the blast holes, and the preset blast hole length, the holes can be opened, the explosive can be filled and detonated in the blast holes, and the behind-the-wall advance blasting pressure relief operation can be realized at the current heading face.

[0113] It should be noted that all blast holes use decoupled interval charging, and the decoupling coefficient is r b / r c , charge with an advance of one excavation advance depth, use detonators to initiate the explosive, use detonating cords to detonate the explosive, and the pressure relief blasting detonates prior to the tunneling blasting.

[0114] The present application provides a method for pre - blasting pressure relief behind the wall of an ultra - deep vertical shaft. First, data on the stress - concentration area at the current tunneling face of the target vertical shaft is obtained, the tunneling process is simulated, and the simulated tunneling process is corrected based on the stress - concentration area data to obtain the stress - field change data during the tunneling excavation process. Secondly, the radius of the target stress - concentration area and the size of the pressure - relief area are determined according to the stress - field change data. Further, according to the size of the pressure - relief area and the preset hole - spacing of the blast holes, the number and positions of the blast holes are determined. At the same time, the inclination angle of the blast holes is determined according to the radius of the target stress - concentration area. Finally, the blast holes are arranged according to the number, positions, inclination angles of the blast holes and the preset hole length, and explosives are loaded to perform pre - blasting pressure relief behind the wall at the current tunneling face. Compared with the prior art, in the embodiment of the present application, by simulating the tunneling process, the stress - field change data during the tunneling excavation process is obtained, and based on this, the radius of the target stress - concentration area and the size of the pressure - relief area are determined. Then, based on the size of the pressure - relief area and the preset hole - spacing of the blast holes, the number and positions of the blast holes are determined, and based on the radius of the target stress - concentration area, the inclination angle of the blast holes is determined. Finally, the blast holes are drilled based on the number, positions, inclination angles of the blast holes and the preset hole length, and explosives are loaded to perform pre - blasting pressure relief behind the wall. By improving the arrangement form of the blast holes, explosion - induced cracks are formed in the direction parallel to the minimum principal stress direction, blocking the transmission path of mining - induced stress of the target vertical shaft from the source, so that the stress cannot be transmitted to the surrounding of the target vertical shaft and is completely isolated outside the surrounding rock of the target vertical shaft, ensuring that the target vertical shaft is in a low - stress area, improving the pressure - relief effect, and ensuring the stability of the wall of the target vertical shaft and the safety of on - site construction personnel.

[0115] Further, as an implementation of the above Figure 1 method shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a system for pre - blasting pressure relief behind the wall of an ultra - deep vertical shaft, as Figure 7 shown, the system includes:

[0116] A stress - field change data acquisition module 31, a first blast - hole parameter determination module 32, a second blast - hole parameter determination module 33, a third blast - hole parameter determination module 34, and a blasting pressure - relief module 35;

[0117] The stress - field change data acquisition module 31 is used to obtain data on the stress - concentration area at the current tunneling face of the target vertical shaft, simulate the tunneling process, and correct the simulated tunneling process based on the stress - concentration area data to obtain the stress - field change data during the tunneling excavation process;

[0118] The first blast - hole parameter determination module 32 is used to determine the radius of the target stress - concentration area and the size of the pressure - relief area according to the stress - field change data;

[0119] The second blast hole parameter determination module 33 is configured to determine the number and positions of blast holes according to the size of the pressure relief area and a preset blast hole spacing.

[0120] The third blast hole parameter determination module 34 is configured to determine the inclination angle of blast holes according to the radius of the target stress concentration area.

[0121] The blasting pressure relief module 35 is configured to arrange blast holes and load explosives according to the number, positions, and inclination angles of the blast holes and a preset blast hole length, so as to perform behind-the-wall advanced blasting pressure relief operations at the current tunneling working face.

[0122] In a specific application scenario, the pressure relief area includes a maximum principal stress direction pressure relief area and a minimum principal stress direction pressure relief area.

[0123] In a specific application scenario, for the maximum principal stress direction pressure relief area, the second blast hole parameter determination module is configured to:

[0124] Calculate the arc length corresponding to the maximum principal stress direction pressure relief area according to the size of the maximum principal stress direction pressure relief area.

[0125] Obtain a first preset blast hole spacing, and calculate the quotient between the arc length and the first preset blast hole spacing to determine the number of first blast holes corresponding to the maximum principal stress direction pressure relief area.

[0126] Symmetrically arrange each of the first blast holes with the maximum principal stress direction as the axis of symmetry according to the first preset blast hole spacing to determine the positions of each of the first blast holes.

[0127] In a specific application scenario, for the minimum principal stress direction pressure relief area, the second blast hole parameter determination module is configured to:

[0128] Obtain a second preset blast hole spacing, and determine the number of second blast holes corresponding to the minimum principal stress direction pressure relief area according to the size of the minimum principal stress direction pressure relief area and the second preset blast hole spacing.

[0129] Symmetrically arrange each of the second blast holes with the minimum principal stress direction as the axis of symmetry according to the second preset blast hole spacing to determine the positions of each of the second blast holes.

[0130] In a specific application scenario, the third blast hole parameter determination module includes:

[0131] Calculate the difference between the radius of the target stress concentration area and the radius of the target shaft, and determine the inclination angle of the blast holes according to the difference and the vertical depth of advanced pressure relief. The blast holes include first blast holes and second blast holes.

[0132] In a specific application scenario, before the second blast hole parameter determination module, the system further includes a blast hole spacing determination module for:

[0133] Calculating the damage diameter caused by the explosive blasting to the rock of the target vertical shaft, and determining a preset blast hole spacing according to the damage diameter, where the preset blast hole spacing includes a first preset blast hole spacing and a second preset blast hole spacing.

[0134] In a specific application scenario, before the blasting pressure relief module, the system further includes a blast hole length determination module for:

[0135] Calculating a preset blast hole length according to the following formula

[0136]

[0137] where L represents the preset blast hole length, h represents the driving depth of the target vertical shaft, B represents the horizontal fracture depth of the surrounding rock, i represents the fracture zone number that appears from the shaft wall to the deep part of the surrounding rock when the target vertical shaft undergoes zonal fracturing, and R represents the radius of the target vertical shaft.

[0138] The present application provides a system for pre - blasting pressure relief behind the wall of a super - deep vertical shaft. First, data on the stress - concentration area at the current tunneling face of the target vertical shaft is obtained, the tunneling process is simulated, and based on the stress - concentration area data, the simulated tunneling process is corrected to obtain the stress - field change data during the tunneling excavation process. Secondly, according to the stress - field change data, the radius of the target stress - concentration area and the size of the pressure - relief area are determined. Further, according to the size of the pressure - relief area and the preset blast - hole spacing, the number and positions of the blast holes are determined. At the same time, according to the radius of the target stress - concentration area, the inclination angle of the blast holes is determined. Finally, the blast holes are arranged according to the number, positions, inclination angles of the blast holes and the preset blast - hole length, and explosives are loaded to perform the pre - blasting pressure relief operation behind the wall at the current tunneling face. Compared with the prior art, in the embodiment of the present application, by simulating the tunneling process, the stress - field change data during the tunneling excavation process is obtained, and based on this, the radius of the target stress - concentration area and the size of the pressure - relief area are determined. Then, based on the size of the pressure - relief area and the preset blast - hole spacing, the number and positions of the blast holes are determined, and based on the radius of the target stress - concentration area, the inclination angle of the blast holes is determined. Finally, the blast holes are drilled according to the number, positions, inclination angles of the blast holes and the preset blast - hole length, and explosives are loaded to perform the pre - blasting pressure relief behind the wall. By improving the arrangement form of the blast holes, blast - generated cracks are formed in the direction parallel to the minimum principal stress direction, blocking the transmission path of mining - induced stress of the target vertical shaft from the source, so that the stress cannot be transmitted to the periphery of the target vertical shaft and is completely isolated outside the surrounding rock of the target vertical shaft, ensuring that the target vertical shaft is in a low - stress area, improving the pressure - relief effect, and ensuring the stability of the wall of the target vertical shaft and the safety of on - site construction personnel.

[0139] According to an embodiment of the present application, a storage medium is provided. The storage medium stores at least one executable instruction, and the computer - executable instruction can execute the method for pre - blasting pressure relief behind the wall of a super - deep vertical shaft in any of the above - mentioned method embodiments.

[0140] Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present application can be embodied in the form of a software product. The software product can be stored in a non - volatile storage medium (which can be a CD - ROM, a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, etc.), and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in various implementation scenarios of the present application.

[0141] Figure 8 The structural schematic diagram of a terminal provided according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. The specific implementation of the terminal is not limited in the specific embodiments of the present application.

[0142] As Figure 8As shown in the figure, the terminal may include: a processor 402, a communications interface 404, a memory 406, and a communication bus 408.

[0143] Among them: The processor 402, the communications interface 404, and the memory 406 communicate with each other through the communication bus 408.

[0144] The communications interface 404 is used to communicate with network elements of other devices such as clients or other servers.

[0145] The processor 402 is used to execute the program 410, and specifically can execute the relevant steps in the embodiments of the above-mentioned method for pre-advanced blasting pressure relief after the construction of a super-deep shaft wall.

[0146] Specifically, the program 410 may include program code, and the program code includes computer operation instructions.

[0147] The processor 402 may be a central processing unit CPU, or a specific integrated circuit ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of the present application. One or more processors included in the computer device may be of the same type of processor, such as one or more CPUs; or may be of different types of processors, such as one or more CPUs and one or more ASICs.

[0148] The memory 406 is used to store the program 410. The memory 406 may include high-speed RAM memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk memory.

[0149] The program 410 is specifically used to cause the processor 402 to perform the following operations:

[0150] Obtain the data of the stress concentration area at the current tunneling face of the target shaft, simulate the tunneling process, and correct the simulated tunneling process based on the stress concentration area data to obtain the stress field change data during the tunneling excavation process;

[0151] Determine the radius of the target stress concentration area and the size of the pressure relief area according to the stress field change data;

[0152] Determine the number and positions of the blast holes according to the size of the pressure relief area and the preset blast hole spacing;

[0153] Determine the inclination angle of the blast holes according to the radius of the target stress concentration area;

[0154] Arrange blast holes according to the number, position, inclination angle of the blast holes and a preset blast hole length, and load explosives to perform behind-wall advanced blasting pressure relief operation at the current driving face.

[0155] The storage medium may further include an operating system and a network communication module. The operating system is a program for managing the physical device hardware and software resources of the above-mentioned behind-wall advanced blasting pressure relief method for ultra-deep vertical shafts, and supports the operation of information processing programs and other software and / or programs. The network communication module is used to implement communication between components inside the storage medium, and communication between other hardware and software in the information processing physical device.

[0156] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is to illustrate the differences from other embodiments. For the same or similar parts among the embodiments, reference can be made to each other. For the system embodiment, since it basically corresponds to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and reference can be made to the corresponding part of the method embodiment for related parts.

[0157] The method and system of the present application can be implemented in many ways. For example, the method and system of the present application can be implemented by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination of software, hardware, and firmware. The above-mentioned order of the steps for the method is only for illustration, and the steps of the method of the present application are not limited to the specific order described above, unless otherwise specifically stated. In addition, in some embodiments, the present application can also be implemented as a program recorded in a recording medium, and these programs include machine-readable instructions for implementing the method according to the present application. Therefore, the present application also covers a recording medium storing a program for executing the method according to the present application.

[0158] Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that the above-mentioned modules or steps of the present application can be implemented by a general-purpose computing device. They can be concentrated on a single computing device or distributed on a network composed of multiple computing devices. Optionally, they can be implemented by program codes executable by the computing device, so that they can be stored in a storage device and executed by the computing device. And in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order than here, or they can be separately made into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps among them can be made into a single integrated circuit module to implement. In this way, the present application is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0159] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for pre - blasting pressure relief behind the wall of an ultra - deep shaft, characterized in that, Including: Obtain the data of the stress concentration area at the current tunneling face of the target shaft, simulate the tunneling process, and correct the simulated tunneling process based on the stress concentration area data to obtain the stress field change data during the tunneling excavation process; Determine the radius of the target stress concentration area and the size of the pressure relief area according to the stress field change data; Determine the number and positions of the blast holes according to the size of the pressure relief area and the preset blast hole spacing; Determine the inclination angle of the blast holes according to the radius of the target stress concentration area; Arrange the blast holes according to the number, positions, inclination angles of the blast holes and the preset blast hole length, and fill with explosives to perform the behind-wall advanced blasting pressure relief operation at the current tunneling face.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The pressure relief area includes a maximum principal stress direction pressure relief area and a minimum principal stress direction pressure relief area.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, For the maximum principal stress direction pressure relief area, the determining the number and positions of the blast holes according to the size of the pressure relief area and the preset blast hole spacing includes: Calculate the arc length corresponding to the maximum principal stress direction pressure relief area according to the size of the maximum principal stress direction pressure relief area; Obtain the first preset blast hole spacing, and calculate the quotient between the arc length and the first preset blast hole spacing to determine the number of the first blast holes corresponding to the maximum principal stress direction pressure relief area; Symmetrically arrange each of the first blast holes according to the first preset blast hole spacing with the maximum principal stress direction as the axis of symmetry to determine the positions of each of the first blast holes.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein For the minimum principal stress direction pressure relief area, the determining the number and positions of the blast holes according to the size of the pressure relief area and the preset blast hole spacing includes: Obtain the second preset blast hole spacing, and determine the number of the second blast holes corresponding to the minimum principal stress direction pressure relief area according to the size of the minimum principal stress direction pressure relief area and the second preset blast hole spacing; Symmetrically arrange each of the second blast holes according to the second preset blast hole spacing with the minimum principal stress direction as the axis of symmetry to determine the positions of each of the second blast holes.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determining the inclination angle of the blast holes according to the radius of the target stress concentration area includes: Calculate the difference between the radius of the target stress concentration area and the radius of the target shaft, and determine the inclination angle of the blast holes according to the difference and the vertical depth of the advanced pressure relief. The blast holes include the first blast holes and the second blast holes.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein Before the determining the number and positions of the blast holes according to the size of the pressure relief area and the preset blast hole spacing, the method further includes: Calculate the damage diameter caused by the explosive blasting to the rock of the target shaft, and determine the preset blast hole spacing according to the damage diameter. The preset blast hole spacing includes the first preset blast hole spacing and the second preset blast hole spacing.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein Before the arranging the blast holes according to the number, positions, inclination angles of the blast holes and the preset blast hole length, the method further includes: Calculate the preset blast hole length according to the following formula Wherein, L represents the preset length of the blast hole, h represents the driving depth of the target vertical shaft, B represents the horizontal fracture depth of the surrounding rock, i represents the number of the fracture zones that appear from the shaft wall to the deep part of the surrounding rock when the target vertical shaft undergoes zonal disintegration, and R represents the radius of the target vertical shaft.

8. A pre - blasting pressure relief system behind the wall of an ultra - deep shaft, characterized in that, Including: A stress field change data acquisition module, configured to acquire data of the stress concentration area at the current driving face of the target vertical shaft, simulate the driving process, and correct the simulated driving process based on the stress concentration area data to obtain stress field change data during the driving excavation process; A first blast hole parameter determination module, configured to determine the radius of the target stress concentration area and the size of the pressure relief area according to the stress field change data; A second blast hole parameter determination module, configured to determine the number and positions of the blast holes according to the size of the pressure relief area and the preset blast hole spacing; A third blast hole parameter determination module, configured to determine the inclination angle of the blast hole according to the radius of the target stress concentration area; A blasting pressure relief module, configured to arrange blast holes according to the number of the blast holes, the positions of the blast holes, the inclination angle of the blast holes and the preset blast hole length, and fill with explosives to perform post-wall advanced blasting pressure relief operation at the current driving face.

9. A storage medium storing at least one executable instruction, characterized in that, The executable instruction causes the processor to perform operations corresponding to the post-wall advanced blasting pressure relief method according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A terminal, comprising: A processor, a memory, a communication interface and a communication bus, and the processor, the memory and the communication interface complete communication with each other through the communication bus; The memory is used for storing at least one executable instruction, characterized in that the executable instruction causes the processor to perform operations corresponding to the post-wall advanced blasting pressure relief method according to any one of claims 1-7.

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