A sampling device for collecting microplastics in water

Abstract

The present invention proposes a sampling device for collecting microplastics in water, which relates to the field of microplastic collection technology. The device includes a detection chassis, an inner box body inside the detection chassis, a space between the inner wall of the detection chassis and the outer wall of the inner box body, and an internal pressure balancing mechanism. When submerged, high-pressure air is injected into the detection chassis according to the water pressure depth, so that the pressure inside and outside the detection chassis is close. This sampling device for collecting microplastics in water allows the equipment to sample multiple samples in a single immersion, sampling at different depths and in different environments. At the same time, the filter box, blades, etc. can be automatically cleaned during the sampling process, which accurately improves the sampling quality, improves the sampling efficiency, and saves manpower and material resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of microplastic filtration, and in particular to a sampling device for collecting microplastics in water. Background Art

[0002] Microplastics refer to plastic particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm. They are a major carrier of pollution. When judging the water quality conditions of the water area, the content of microplastics is one of the indicators. When developing water sources for domestic or industrial water, it is necessary to first extract part of the water for sampling.

[0003] After searching, the application number is CN202310041619.6, which discloses a water microplastic classification sampling device, belonging to the field of water monitoring technology. The present invention includes a cylinder, an electric water pump, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, a cleaning structure, a fixed block and a limiting mechanism. The interior of the cylinder is divided into a first cavity, a second cavity, a third cavity and a fourth cavity in sequence by three filter screens in the cylinder. The electric water pump is arranged in the fourth cavity. One end of the inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the left end of the cylinder. The inlet pipe is provided with a first solenoid valve and a flow meter. One end of the outlet pipe is fixedly connected to the right end of the cylinder. The outlet pipe is provided with a second solenoid valve. The cleaning structure can remove impurities on the first filter screen. The fixed block is fixed to the cylinder. The fixed block is provided with a fixed eye plate and a sliding eye plate. The limiting mechanism can limit the sliding range of the sliding eye plate. The present invention can perform quantitative classification sampling of microplastics at a specified water depth, while avoiding filter screen clogging and improving the integrity and accuracy of sampling.

[0004] The above device can only perform single sampling and lacks the technical means to perform multi-depth sampling in a single immersion. At the same time, the filter needs to be disassembled and cleaned, and the preparation work for later use is cumbersome, which cannot meet the sampling work with multiple requirements in water. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the shortcomings of the existing technology and propose a sampling device for collecting microplastics in water bodies, which solves the problem that the existing technology lacks technical means for multi-depth sampling in a single immersion in water. At the same time, the filter needs to be disassembled and cleaned, and the preparation work for later use is cumbersome, which cannot meet the sampling work with multiple requirements in water.

[0006] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a sampling device for collecting microplastics in water, comprising a detection chassis, an inner box body inside the detection chassis, a space between the inner wall of the detection chassis and the outer wall of the inner box body, and an internal pressure balancing mechanism. When diving, high-pressure air is injected into the detection chassis according to the water pressure depth, so that the pressure inside and outside the detection chassis is close. A filtering mechanism, a sample storage mechanism, a flushing mechanism and a guide mechanism are provided in the inner box body. The filtering mechanism samples the water outside the detection chassis and filters internal impurities. The guide mechanism stores the impurities filtered by the filtering mechanism in the sample storage mechanism, and then the flushing mechanism flushes the filtering mechanism and the sample storage mechanism to remove impurities.

[0007] Preferably, the detection box and the upper part of the inner box are sealed by a first cover plate, the inner box is connected to a sampling box, the sampling box passes through the side wall of the detection box, and a second cover plate is provided at one end of the box body, and the connection between the second cover plate and the sampling box is sealed;

[0008] A first leakage hole is opened on the bottom wall of the inner box body, and a discharge cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner box body, and the position of the discharge cylinder corresponds to the first leakage hole. The discharge cylinder is fixedly set through the bottom of the detection chassis, and a one-way valve is installed in the discharge cylinder.

[0009] Preferably, the internal pressure balancing mechanism includes a high-pressure air storage tank and a water pump, both of which are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the detection chassis, the upper end of the high-pressure air storage tank is connected to a first pipe, and the first pipe is fixedly passed through the first cover plate, and a water pressure detector is installed at one end of the first pipe located outside the detection chassis, and the bottom of the high-pressure air storage tank has an output port, and a balancing valve is installed on the output port;

[0010] The output port of the water pump is fixedly passed through the side wall of the detection cabinet and extends to the outside.

[0011] Preferably, the filtering mechanism includes a flow pipe, which is fixedly arranged through the detection chassis and the side wall of the inner box body. One end of the flow pipe is arranged outside the detection chassis and a water inlet hopper is installed at its end, and the other end extends into the interior of the inner box body and its end is arranged directly above the first leakage hole. A filter is provided at the end of the water inlet hopper, and a suction pump is installed on the flow pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the flow pipe is integrally provided with a filter pipe arranged obliquely downward in the middle part, and a filter box is slidably provided inside the filter pipe. When sampling, the filter holes provided in the filter box are all located inside the flow pipe. A guide plate is fixedly connected to the inside of the flow pipe, so that the sampled water is filtered through the filter box inside the flow pipe and then discharged to the outside of the detection chassis. The flow pipe is located at the position where the filter box is installed, and a bracket is fixedly installed on the outside of the pipe wall, and the bracket is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner box.

[0013] A blade is slidably connected to the inside of the filter box, and a blade body is provided on the outer circumference of the blade. When the filter box moves, the blade body contacts the inner wall of the filter box and removes the filter material stuck to the inner wall of the filter box and collects and stores it.

[0014] Preferably, the sample storage mechanism includes a casing, a bottom protective shell is fixedly connected to the bottom of the casing, the casing is positioned below the filter box, a feed hopper is provided at the upper end of the casing, a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the feed hopper, a discharge valve is provided on the discharge port, a lower support rod is provided on the inner wall of the inner box, and an upper support rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bottom protective shell, and the lower support rod and the upper support rod are docked and fixed by bolts.

[0015] Preferably, the sample storage mechanism also includes a central support bracket and a motor. The central support bracket is formed by the ends of several long rod-shaped components intersecting at one point and being symmetrically distributed in a ring with the intersection as the center. The outer end of each long rod-shaped component of the central support bracket is detachably connected to a sample tube. The central support bracket is rotatably connected to the bottom of the casing. A second bevel gear is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the central support bracket. The second bevel gear is arranged in the bottom protective shell, and the rod end of the second bevel gear rotates through the casing and the bottom protective shell. The output shaft end of the motor is fixedly connected to the first bevel gear, the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear are meshed with each other, and a second leakage hole is opened at the bottom of the casing.

[0016] Preferably, the flushing mechanism includes a water storage tank, which is fixedly installed in the inner box body. The water storage tank is connected to a second pipe and a third pipe. A nozzle is installed at the end of the second pipe. The end of the third pipe extends to the outside of the detection chassis. The third pipe is slidably connected to the first cover plate. A mounting bracket is fixed on the flow pipe, and the mounting bracket is used to fix the nozzle.

[0017] Preferably, the guide mechanism includes a mounting plate and a curved electric slide rail, the mounting plate is fixedly connected to the inner box body, the side wall of the mounting plate is fixedly connected to the curved electric slide rail, the curved electric slide rail is composed of a straight portion and a curved portion, the inner track of the curved electric slide rail has an electrically driven guide block, the guide block is fixedly connected to a slider, the curved electric slide rail drives the slider to move between the straight portion and the curved portion, the slider is fixedly connected to a connecting rod, the connecting rod is fixedly connected to a cylindrical rod, the cylindrical rod is fixed and passes through the center of the bottom of the filter box, the cylindrical rod is made of magnet, the blade is made of ferritic stainless steel, the blade and the cylindrical rod are magnetically attracted, and the blade and the cylindrical rod are both provided with a first slot and a second slot of the same shape and size;

[0018] The side wall of the mounting plate is also fixedly connected with an electromagnet, which has an iron core electrically controlling its magnetic force. The iron core is in the shape of a long rod, and its cross section is the same as that of the first slot and the second slot.

[0019] Preferably, an upper panel is fixedly connected to the first cover plate through a connecting rod, and a protective net is fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper panel to wrap the detection chassis inside. A lower panel is arranged below the upper panel, and the lower panel is detachably connected to the protective net.

[0020] Compared with the existing technology, this sampling device for collecting microplastics in water has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. As the descent depth increases, the water pressure increases accordingly. The water pressure detector extracts the water pressure value outside the detection chassis and cooperates with the balancing valve to discharge high-pressure air into the chamber. The water pump discharges excess water in the chamber to the outside of the detection chassis. The balancing valve has integrated static adjustment and dynamic pressure stabilization functions, and has the functions of flow distribution and pressure protection. High-pressure air is injected according to the water pressure depth to make the pressure inside and outside the detection chassis close and remain stable. The detection chassis is a sealed rigid box. The high-pressure gas has the function of maintaining the internal pressure balance of the detection chassis without changing the buoyancy.

[0022] Second, the electromagnet makes the iron core have a magnetic force greater than that of the cylindrical rod, and cooperates with the curved electric slide rail to give the blade a reverse thrust, so that the blade is separated from the cylindrical rod and fixed to the end of the iron core. The filter box continues to move horizontally until the blade is separated from the filter box. The removed particulate impurities fall into the feed hopper under the action of gravity. In order to better sample, the blade can also be coated with a super-hydrophobic coating to reduce the friction between microplastics and the surface of the object, reduce adhesion, wear or electrostatic adsorption, increase the collection efficiency of microplastics, and improve the accuracy of sampling.

[0023] 3. The impurity particles remaining on the inner wall of the filter box fall into the discharge port, the second leakage hole, and the first leakage hole along with the water flow and flow into the discharge cylinder. The splashes of high-pressure water flow also hit all directions, cleaning the inner box body, and then flow into the discharge cylinder through the first leakage hole. At the same time, the inner box body, blades, filter box, and feed hopper are cleaned to remove the impurity particles left on them, reduce the error of the sampling quantity, and improve the accuracy of the detection efficiency.

[0024] 4. After cleaning is completed, the central support bracket is rotated so that the sample tube that has not yet stored the sample is aligned with the discharge port, and the remaining water level sampling is carried out subsequently. This solves the problem mentioned in the background technology, so that the equipment can sample multiple samples in a single immersion, and sample different depths and different environments. At the same time, the filter box, blades, etc. can be automatically cleaned during the sampling process, which accurately improves the sampling quality, improves the sampling efficiency, and saves manpower and material resources.

[0025] 5. The upper and lower panels are detachably fixed by bolts. The first cover is detachably connected to the detection chassis and the inner box body and fixed by fixing pins. The joints are sealed and cooperate with the internal pressure balance mechanism to achieve pressure balance inside and outside the box. The first cover can be opened later to repair the equipment and replace parts. The sampling box and the second cover are detachably connected and fixed by fixing pins. When the equipment is discharging water, the casing can be directly taken out through the sampling box. The equipment is cleverly designed, convenient for subsequent use and maintenance, and highly stable.

[0026] Other advantages, objects and features of the present invention will be described in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on an examination of the following or may be learned from the practice of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower enclosure plate and the one-way valve output port of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the sampling box and the second cover plate of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the internal pressure balancing mechanism of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sample storage mechanism in the inner box of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the flushing mechanism of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the flow pipe and water inlet hopper of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 6 A magnified view of the structure at center A;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the filter pipeline structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the filter box, connecting rod and slider structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic structural diagram of the blade, the first slot and the second slot of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 9 A magnified view of the structure at point B in the middle;

[0039] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the filter box status during the cleaning process of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the sample storage mechanism structure of the present invention.

[0041] In the picture:

[0042] 1. Upper enclosure; 2. Lower enclosure; 3. Protective net; 4. Detection chassis; 401. First cover; 402. Sampling box; 403. Second cover; 5. Internal pressure balancing mechanism; 501. High-pressure air storage tank; 502. Balancing valve; 503. First pipeline; 504. Water pressure detector; 505. Water pump; 6. Filter mechanism; 601. Water inlet hopper; 602. Flow direction pipeline; 603. Bracket; 604. Suction pump; 605. Filter pipeline; 606. Guide plate; 607. Filter box; 608. Blade; 609. First slot; 7. Sample storage mechanism; 701. Casing; 702. Bottom protective shell; 703. Upper support rod; 704. Lower support rod; 705. Second leakage hole; 706. Feed hopper; 707. Discharge port; 708. Discharge valve; 709. Center support bracket; 710. Sample test tube; 711. Motor; 712. First bevel gear; 713. Second bevel gear; 8. Flushing mechanism; 801. Water storage tank; 802. Second pipeline; 803. Third pipeline; 804. Mounting bracket; 805. Sprinkler; 9. Guide mechanism; 901. Mounting plate; 902. Curved electric slide rail; 903. Electromagnet; 904. Iron core; 905. Connecting rod; 906. Cylindrical rod; 907. Second slot; 908. Slider; 10. One-way valve; 11. Discharge cylinder; 12. First leakage hole; 13. Inner box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will provide a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] See also Figures 1 to 14The present invention provides the following implementation scheme: A sampling device for collecting microplastics in water, comprising a detection chassis 4, an inner box body 13 inside the detection chassis 4, a space between the inner wall of the detection chassis 4 and the outer wall of the inner box body 13, and an internal pressure balancing mechanism 5 is provided. When diving, high-pressure air is injected into the detection chassis 4 according to the water pressure depth, so that the pressure inside and outside the detection chassis 4 is close. A filtering mechanism 6, a sample storage mechanism 7, a flushing mechanism 8 and a guide mechanism 9 are provided in the inner box body 13. The filtering mechanism 6 samples the water outside the detection chassis 4 and filters internal impurities. The guide mechanism 9 stores the impurities filtered by the filtering mechanism 6 into the sample storage mechanism 7, and then the flushing mechanism 8 flushes the filtering mechanism 6 and the sample storage mechanism 7 to remove impurities. The equipment is cleverly designed, convenient for subsequent use and maintenance, and has high stability.

[0045] In this embodiment, the detection box 4 and the upper part of the inner box body 13 are sealed by a first cover plate 401, and the inner box body 13 is connected to the sampling box 402. The sampling box 402 passes through the side wall of the detection box 4, and a second cover plate 403 is provided at one end of the box body. The connection between the second cover plate 403 and the sampling box 402 is sealed; a first leakage hole 12 is opened on the inner bottom wall of the inner box body 13, and a discharge cylinder 11 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner box body 13, and the position of the discharge cylinder 11 corresponds to the first leakage hole 12. The discharge cylinder 11 is fixedly penetrated and arranged at the bottom of the detection box 4, and a one-way valve 10 is installed in the discharge cylinder 11. The one-way valve 10 is provided to avoid backflow when the wastewater inside the discharge cylinder 11 is discharged.

[0046] In this embodiment, the internal pressure balancing mechanism 5 includes a high-pressure air storage tank 501 and a water pump 505. The high-pressure air storage tank 501 and the water pump 505 are both fixedly connected to the inner wall of the detection chassis 4. The upper end of the high-pressure air storage tank 501 is connected to a first pipe 503, and the first pipe 503 is fixedly passed through the first cover plate 401. The first pipe 503 is located at one end outside the detection chassis 4 and is equipped with a water pressure detector 504. The high-pressure air storage tank 501 has an output port at the bottom, and a balancing valve 502 is installed on the output port. The balancing valve 502 is a combined balancing valve with flow distribution and pressure protection. It is mostly used in hydraulic systems and meets the application scenario; the output port of the water pump 505 is fixedly passed through the side wall of the detection chassis 4 and extends to the outside. It is best to select a high-pressure water pump model for the water pump 505 to cope with the high-pressure external environment.

[0047] In this embodiment, the filtering mechanism 6 includes a flow pipe 602, which is fixedly arranged through the detection chassis 4 and the side wall of the inner box body 13. One end of the flow pipe 602 is arranged outside the detection chassis 4 and a water inlet bucket 601 is installed at its end, and the other end extends into the interior of the inner box body 13 and its end is arranged directly above the first leakage hole 12. A filter is provided at the end of the water inlet bucket 601, and a suction pump 604 is installed on the flow pipe 602 for introducing water flow for sampling.

[0048] In this embodiment, the flow pipe 602 is located in the middle part and is integrated with a filter pipe 605 arranged obliquely downward, and a filter box 607 is slidingly provided inside the filter pipe 605. The filter holes provided in the filter box 607 during sampling are all located inside the flow pipe 602. The inner wall of the filter box 607 is provided with a metal screen with a pore size range of 10-20μm. The size of microplastics is mostly plastic particles smaller than 5mm, so microplastics in the water can be filtered. In special circumstances, if a fine filtration pore size is required, the filter material of the filter box 607 can also be selected from polymer filter membranes, ceramic filter elements, etc., and the filtration pore size range can be improved to a minimum of 0.1μm. A guide is fixedly connected to the inside of the flow pipe 602. The flow plate 606 allows the sampled water to pass through the filter box 607 inside the flow pipe 602 for filtration and then be discharged to the outside of the detection chassis 4. The flow pipe 602 is located at the position where the filter box 607 is installed, and a bracket 603 is fixedly installed on the outside of its pipe wall. The bracket 603 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner box body 13. A number of booster pumps can also be added inside the flow pipe 602 to increase the water pressure and increase the flow force of the water flow. The power of the booster pump can be adjusted according to the different apertures of the filter box 607; a blade 608 is slidably connected to the inside of the filter box 607, and a blade body is provided on the outer circumference of the blade 608. When the filter box 607 moves, the blade body contacts the inner wall of the filter box 607 and removes the filtered matter stuck to the inner wall of the filter box 607 and collects and stores it.

[0049] In this embodiment, the sample storage mechanism 7 includes a casing 701, and a bottom protective shell 702 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the casing 701. The casing 701 is positioned below the filter box 607. A feed hopper 706 is provided at the upper end of the casing 701, and a discharge port 707 is provided at the bottom of the feed hopper 706. A discharge valve 708 is provided on the discharge port 707. A lower support rod 704 is provided on the inner wall of the inner box body 13. The bottom of the bottom protective shell 702 is fixedly connected to an upper support rod 703. The lower support rod 704 and the upper support rod 703 are docked and fixed by bolts. The upper support rod 703 and the lower support rod 704 are fixed by bolts. The screws can be loosened later to separate the upper support rod 703 and the lower support rod 704 to take out the casing 701.

[0050] In this embodiment, the sample storage mechanism 7 further includes a central support bracket 709 and a motor 711. The central support bracket 709 is formed by the ends of several long rod-shaped components intersecting at one point and being symmetrically distributed in a ring with the intersection as the center. The outer end of each long rod-shaped component of the central support bracket 709 is detachably connected to a sample tube 710. The central support bracket 709 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the housing 701. The center of the bottom of the central support bracket 709 is fixedly connected to a second bevel gear 713. The second bevel gear 713 is arranged in the bottom protective shell 702, and the rod end of the second bevel gear 713 rotates through the housing 701 and the bottom protective shell 702. The output shaft of the motor 711 The end is fixedly connected with a first bevel tooth 712, and the first bevel tooth 712 and the second bevel tooth 713 are meshed with each other. A second leakage hole 705 is opened at the bottom of the casing 701. After cleaning is completed, the central support bracket 709 is rotated so that the sample tube 710 that has not yet stored the sample is aligned with the discharge port 707, and the remaining water level sampling is carried out subsequently, which solves the problem mentioned in the background technology, so that the equipment can sample multiple samples in a single immersion, and sample different depths and different environments. At the same time, the filter box 607, blade 608, etc. can be automatically cleaned during the sampling process, which accurately improves the sampling quality, improves the sampling efficiency, and saves manpower and material resources.

[0051] In this embodiment, the flushing mechanism 8 includes a water storage tank 801, which is fixedly installed in the inner box body 13. The water storage tank 801 is connected to a second pipe 802 and a third pipe 803. A nozzle 805 is installed at the end of the second pipe 802. The end of the third pipe 803 extends to the outside of the detection chassis 4. The third pipe 803 is slidably connected to the first cover plate 401. A mounting bracket 804 is fixed on the flow pipe 602. The mounting bracket 804 is used to fix the nozzle 805. The model of the nozzle 805 can adopt the Kärcher series, such as the model Kärcher K5 Premium, etc. The integrated water pump carried inside reduces the number of electrical appliances installed in the equipment.

[0052] In this embodiment, the guide mechanism 9 includes a mounting plate 901 and a curved electric slide rail 902. The mounting plate 901 is fixedly connected to the inner box 13. The side wall of the mounting plate 901 is fixedly connected to the curved electric slide rail 902. The curved electric slide rail 902 is composed of a straight portion and a curved portion. The inner track of the curved electric slide rail 902 has an electrically driven guide block. The guide block is fixedly connected to a slider 908. The curved electric slide rail 902 drives the slider 908 to move between the straight portion and the curved portion. The slider 908 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 905, and the connecting rod 905 is fixedly connected to the cylindrical rod 906. The cylindrical rod 906 is fixedly passed through the center of the bottom of the filter box 607. The cylindrical rod 906 is made of magnets, and the blade 608 is made of ferrite stainless steel, which is not easy to rust. The blade 608 is magnetically attracted to the cylindrical rod 906. The blade 608 and the cylindrical rod 906 are both provided with a first slot 609 and a second slot 907 of the same shape and size. The blade 608 is set at the bottom of the filter box 607. Figure 13 It can be seen that there is no filter hole at the bottom of the filter box 607 for storing the blade 608. When the blade 608 moves subsequently, it can remove all the impurity particles near the filter hole of the filter box 607 for sampling and storage; the side wall of the mounting plate 901 is also fixedly connected to the electromagnet 903, and the electromagnet 903 has an iron core 904 to electrically control its magnetic force. The iron core 904 is in the shape of a long rod, and the cross-section is the same as the first card slot 609 and the second card slot 907.

[0053] In this embodiment, the first cover plate 401 is fixedly connected to an upper panel 1 via a connecting rod, and a protective net 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper panel 1 to wrap the detection chassis 4 inside. A lower panel 2 is provided below the upper panel 1, and the lower panel 2 is detachably connected to the protective net 3.

[0054] Working principle: Connect the equipment to the end of the piston rod of a transmission equipment such as a crane or a cylinder, and put it into the water for sampling. The diving depth of the equipment is controlled by the transmission equipment. When the equipment is first put into the water, the chamber between the detection chassis 4 and the inner box 13 is filled with water to facilitate the sinking of the equipment. As the descent depth increases, the water pressure increases accordingly. The water pressure detector 504 extracts the water pressure value outside the detection chassis 4, and cooperates with the balancing valve 502 to discharge high-pressure air into the chamber. The water pump 505 discharges excess water in the chamber to the outside of the detection chassis 4. The balancing valve 502 has integrated static adjustment and dynamic pressure stabilization functions, and has the functions of flow distribution and pressure protection. High-pressure air is injected according to the water pressure depth to make the internal and external pressures of the detection chassis 4 close and remain stable. The detection chassis 4 is a sealed rigid box, and the high-pressure gas has the function of maintaining the internal pressure balance of the detection chassis 4 without changing the buoyancy.

[0055] During sampling, the protective net 3 is used to isolate underwater organisms. The filter mesh diameter set at the end of the water inlet bucket 601 is preferably set to 5-15mm to isolate underwater garbage, filter underwater obstacles, and ensure the purity of the sampled water. Under the action of the suction pump 604, the water flows in the flow pipe 602. Under the action of the guide plate 606, all the water is filtered through the filter box 607 and flows out, and is stored in the discharge tube 11. The filter box 607 retains the filtered microplastics and other impurity particles.

[0056] After filtration, the impurity particles remain in the filter box 607. It is necessary to take out the impurity particles and store them in the sample tube 710. First, start the curved electric slide rail 902. Figure 8 As can be seen from the enlarged view, the curved part consists of a straight line parallel to the axis of the filter pipe 605 and a curved line. The filter box 607 is first taken out through the straight line, and then the angle of the filter box 607 is changed through the curved line. Finally, it is moved to the straight line part so that the filter box 607 is flush with the iron core 904. The blade 608 inside the filter box 607 also moves with the filter box 607 under the action of the magnetic force. At this time, the positions of the various components are as shown in FIG. Figure 13 As shown, the filter box 607 continues to be translated so that the iron core 904 passes through the second slot 907 and is inserted into the first slot 609. The electromagnet 903 makes the iron core 904 have a magnetic force greater than the cylindrical rod 906. The curved electric slide rail 902 cooperates to give the blade 608 a reverse thrust, so that the blade 608 is separated from the cylindrical rod 906 and fixed to the end of the iron core 904. The filter box 607 continues to be translated until the blade 608 is separated from the filter box 607. The removed particulate impurities fall into the feed hopper 706 under the action of gravity. For better sampling, the blade 608 can also be coated with a super-hydrophobic coating to reduce the friction between microplastics and the surface of the object, reduce adhesion, wear or electrostatic adsorption, increase the collection efficiency of microplastics, and improve the accuracy of sampling.

[0057] Under the action of the discharge valve 708, the particulate impurities fall into the sample test tube 710 directly below. Similarly, the inner wall of the feed hopper 706 can also be coated with a super-hydrophobic coating. After the collection is completed, the motor 711 is started, and the central support bracket 709 is rotated to a certain angle so that the gap at the intersection of the long rod-shaped components is located below the discharge port. The nozzle 805 uses the pure water stored in the water storage box 801 (it can also be set as a cleaning liquid, and the material of the cleaning liquid must be selected so as not to chemically react with microplastics) to spray out a high-pressure water flow that contacts the blade 608 to clean it. The blade 608 also has the function of a guide plate to block the high-pressure water flow so that it falls into the feed hopper 706 and also cleans the inner wall of the feed hopper 706. Then the filter box 607 is translated to move the blade 608 to the bottom of the filter box 607 (at this time, the electromagnet 903 still needs to be kept The high-pressure water flow rushes to the filter box 607 to clean its inner wall. Due to the filter screen, the impurities washed away at this time still remain on the inner wall of the filter box 607 without the action of water flow. The curved electric slide rail 902 is then started to make the blade 608 separate from the filter box 607 for the second time, and the impurity particles remaining on the inner wall of the filter box 607 fall into the discharge port 707, the second leakage hole 705, and the first leakage hole 12 along with the water flow and flow into the discharge tube 11. The splashes of the high-pressure water flow also hit all directions and clean the inner box body 13. Then, it flows into the inside of the discharge tube 11 through the first leakage hole 12, and at the same time completes the cleaning of the inner box body 13, the blade 608, the filter box 607, and the feed hopper 706, removes the impurity particles left on them, reduces the error of the sampling quantity, and improves the accuracy of the detection efficiency.

[0058] After cleaning is completed, the central support bracket 709 is rotated so that the sample tube 710 that has not yet stored the sample is aligned with the discharge port 707 for subsequent water level sampling, which solves the problem mentioned in the background technology and enables the equipment to sample multiple samples in a single immersion, and to sample different depths and different environments. At the same time, the filter box 607, blade 608, etc. can be automatically cleaned during the sampling process, which accurately improves the sampling quality, improves the sampling efficiency, and saves manpower and material resources.

[0059] Among them, the upper panel 1 and the lower panel 2 are detachably fixed by bolts, the first cover 401 is detachably connected to the detection chassis 4 and the inner box 13, fixed by fixing pins, and the connection is sealed, and the internal pressure balance mechanism 5 is used to achieve the balance of the pressure inside and outside the box. The first cover 401 can be opened later to repair the equipment and replace parts. The sampling box 402 and the second cover 403 are detachably connected and fixed by fixing pins. When the equipment is out of water, Figure 3 and Figure 4 It can be seen from the positional relationship that the housing 701 can be taken out directly through the sampling box 402. The equipment is cleverly designed, convenient for subsequent use and maintenance, and highly stable.

[0060] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations that come within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be embraced therein.

Claims

1. A sampling device for collecting microplastics in water, comprising a detection chassis (4), characterized in that: The detection box (4) has an inner box body (13) inside. A space is left between the inner wall of the detection box (4) and the outer wall of the inner box body (13) and an internal pressure balancing mechanism (5) is provided. When diving, high-pressure air is injected into the detection box (4) according to the water pressure depth, so that the pressure inside and outside the detection box (4) is close. The inner box body (13) is provided with a filtering mechanism (6), a sample storage mechanism (7), a flushing mechanism (8) and a guide mechanism (9). The filtering mechanism (6) samples the water outside the detection box (4) and filters the internal impurities. The guide mechanism (9) stores the impurities filtered by the filtering mechanism (6) in the sample storage mechanism (7). Then, the flushing mechanism (8) flushes the filtering mechanism (6) and the sample storage mechanism (7) to remove the impurities. The sample storage mechanism (7) includes a housing (701). The bottom of the housing (701) is fixedly connected to a bottom protective shell (702). The sample storage mechanism (7) also The invention comprises a central support frame (709) and a motor (711), wherein the central support frame (709) is formed by the ends of a plurality of long rod-shaped components intersecting at a point and being symmetrically distributed in a ring around the intersection point, and the outer end of each long rod-shaped component of the central support frame (709) is detachably connected to a sample tube (710), and the central support frame (709) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the housing (701), and a second bevel gear (713) is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the central support frame (709), and the second bevel gear (713) is arranged in the bottom protective shell (702), and the rod end of the second bevel gear (713) is rotatably passed through the housing (701) and the bottom protective shell (702), and the output shaft end of the motor (711) is fixedly connected to the first bevel gear (712), and the first bevel gear (712) and the second bevel gear (713) are meshed with each other, and a second leak hole (705) is opened at the bottom of the housing (701).

2. A sampling device for collecting microplastics in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection box (4) and the upper part of the inner box (13) are sealed by a first cover plate (401); the inner box (13) is connected to a sampling box (402); the sampling box (402) passes through the side wall of the detection box (4); a second cover plate (403) is provided at one end of the box; the connection between the second cover plate (403) and the sampling box (402) is sealed; A first leakage hole (12) is provided on the inner bottom wall of the inner box body (13), a discharge cylinder (11) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner box body (13), and the position of the discharge cylinder (11) corresponds to the first leakage hole (12), the discharge cylinder (11) is fixedly provided through the bottom of the detection chassis (4), and a one-way valve (10) is installed in the discharge cylinder (11).

3. A sampling device for collecting microplastics in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The internal pressure balancing mechanism (5) comprises a high-pressure air storage tank (501) and a water pump (505), wherein the high-pressure air storage tank (501) and the water pump (505) are both fixedly connected to the inner wall of the detection chassis (4); the upper end of the high-pressure air storage tank (501) is connected to a first pipe (503), and the first pipe (503) is fixedly passed through the first cover plate (401); a water pressure detector (504) is installed at one end of the first pipe (503) located outside the detection chassis (4); an output port is provided at the bottom of the high-pressure air storage tank (501), and a balancing valve (502) is installed on the output port; The output port of the water pump (505) is fixedly passed through the side wall of the detection chassis (4) and extends to the outside.

4. A sampling device for collecting microplastics in water according to claim 2, characterized in that: The filtering mechanism (6) includes a flow pipe (602), which is fixedly provided on the side walls of the detection box (4) and the inner box body (13). One end of the flow pipe (602) is provided outside the detection box (4) and a water inlet hopper (601) is installed at its end, while the other end extends into the inner box body (13) and its end is provided just above the first leakage hole (12). A filter is provided at the end of the water inlet hopper (601). A suction pump (604) is installed on the flow pipe (602).

5. A sampling device for collecting microplastics in water according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flow pipe (602) is integrally provided with a filter pipe (605) arranged obliquely downward in the middle part, and a filter box (607) is slidably provided inside the filter pipe (605). The filter holes provided in the filter box (607) during sampling are all located inside the flow pipe (602). The flow pipe (602) is fixedly connected with a guide plate (606) so that the sampled water is filtered through the filter box (607) inside the flow pipe (602) and then discharged to the outside of the detection box (4). The flow pipe (602) is located at the position where the filter box (607) is installed, and a bracket (603) is fixedly installed on the outside of the pipe wall. The bracket (603) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner box (13); A blade (608) is slidably connected to the interior of the filter box (607), and a blade body is provided around the outer circumference of the blade (608). When the filter box (607) moves, the blade body contacts the inner wall of the filter box (607) and removes the filtered matter adhered to the inner wall of the filter box (607) and collects and stores it.

6. A sampling device for collecting microplastics in water according to claim 2, characterized in that: The housing (701) is positioned below the filter box (607), a feed hopper (706) is provided at the upper end of the housing (701), a discharge port (707) is provided at the bottom of the feed hopper (706), a discharge valve (708) is provided on the discharge port (707), a lower support rod (704) is provided on the inner wall of the inner box body (13), an upper support rod (703) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bottom protective shell (702), and the lower support rod (704) and the upper support rod (703) are butted together and fixed by bolts.

7. The sampling device for collecting microplastics in water according to claim 5, characterized in that: The flushing mechanism (8) includes a water storage tank (801), the water storage tank (801) is fixedly installed in the inner box body (13), the water storage tank (801) is connected to a second pipe (802) and a third pipe (803), the end of the second pipe (802) is installed with a nozzle (805), the end of the third pipe (803) extends to the outside of the detection box (4), the third pipe (803) is slidably connected to the first cover plate (401), and a mounting bracket (804) is fixed on the flow pipe (602), and the mounting bracket (804) is used to fix the nozzle (805).

8. The sampling device for collecting microplastics in water according to claim 5, characterized in that: The guide mechanism (9) comprises a mounting plate (901) and a curved electric slide rail (902). The mounting plate (901) is fixedly connected to the inner box body (13). The side wall of the mounting plate (901) is fixedly connected to the curved electric slide rail (902). The curved electric slide rail (902) is composed of a straight portion and a curved portion. The inner track of the curved electric slide rail (902) has an electrically driven guide block. The guide block is fixedly connected to a slider (908). The curved electric slide rail (902) drives the slider (908) to move between the straight portion and the curved portion. The curved portion moves, the slider (908) is fixedly connected to a connecting rod (905), the connecting rod (905) is fixedly connected to a cylindrical rod (906), the cylindrical rod (906) is fixedly passed through the center of the bottom of the filter box (607), the cylindrical rod (906) is made of magnet, the blade (608) is made of ferrite stainless steel, the blade (608) and the cylindrical rod (906) are magnetically attracted, and the blade (608) and the cylindrical rod (906) are both provided with a first slot (609) and a second slot (907) of the same shape and size; The side wall of the mounting plate (901) is also fixedly connected to an electromagnet (903), wherein the electromagnet (903) has an iron core (904) for electrically controlling its magnetic force, and the iron core (904) is in the shape of a long rod, and has the same cross-section as the first slot (609) and the second slot (907).

9. The sampling device for collecting microplastics in water according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first cover plate (401) is fixedly connected to an upper panel (1) via a connecting rod, and a protective net (3) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper panel (1) to wrap the detection box (4) inside the upper panel (1). A lower panel (2) is provided below the upper panel (1), and the lower panel (2) and the protective net (3) are detachably connected.

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