Temperature control method, system, device and terminal in PAMFC

Abstract

The invention belongs to but is not limited to the technical field of temperature control, and particularly relates to a temperature control method, system, equipment and terminal in a PAMFC, and the method comprises the steps: 1, carrying out the system initialization; 2, executing a corresponding command according to the pressed key; 3, temperature measurement is carried out according to a command executed by the key, and a measurement result is displayed; 4, performing voice reminding according to a measurement result; and 5, performing temperature control according to a measurement result. By integrating the high-precision analog-to-digital converter, the single-chip microcomputer can collect analog signals of the temperature sensor in real time and convert the analog signals into digital signals for processing. The process reduces the distortion in signal transmission, and improves the accuracy of temperature measurement. In cooperation with an advanced PID algorithm, the system can quickly respond to temperature changes, automatically adjust the output of a heating or cooling device, maintain the temperature within a set range, reduce temperature fluctuation and ensure the stability of a production process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to, but is not limited to, the technical field of temperature control, and particularly relates to a temperature control method, system, device and terminal in a PAMFC. Background Art

[0002] The core of the design of a single-chip microcomputer proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control system lies in using the powerful data processing ability of the single-chip microcomputer to collect temperature sensor data in real time, and quickly calculating the control signal through a pre-set PID algorithm, and then driving the actuator (such as a heater or a cooling device) to act to maintain the temperature of the controlled object within the set range. In the design, it is also necessary to consider optimizing the PID parameters to ensure that the system can not only quickly respond to temperature changes, but also reduce overshoot and oscillation, and achieve smooth regulation of temperature. A PAMFC (algae-microbial fuel cell) is a bioelectrochemical clean energy device that can generate electricity while treating substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and COD in water. The anode of a PAMFC usually consists of anaerobic bacteria and their substrates, and the cathode of a PAMFC is usually modified from algae such as green algae and cyanobacteria. Temperature affects the activity of electricity-producing bacteria, and microalgae have strong adaptability to temperature. Under room temperature conditions, their growth is hardly affected. Taking a double-chamber microalgae cathode PAMFC as an example, when the anode temperature is controlled at 25, 30, and 35 °C, the system voltages reach 265, 280, and 265 mV respectively, and the maximum power densities are 2.91, 3.07, and 2.51 mW / m2 respectively. At 30 °C, the electricity generation efficiency is the best. However, a higher temperature will reduce the electricity generation efficiency of the system. In spring (about 26 °C), the system output voltage is 795 mV, and the maximum power density is 57.0 mW / m2. While in summer (about 38 °C), the system output voltage is only 254 mV, and the power density drops to 1.1 mW / m2. At present, there is a lack of technology for using PID to control the temperature of PAMFC.

[0003] In view of the above analysis, the technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in the prior art is that there is a lack of technology for using PID to control the temperature of PAMFC in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a temperature control method, system, device and terminal in a PAMFC.

[0005] The present invention is implemented as follows. A temperature control method in a PAMFC includes:

[0006] Step 1, perform system initialization;

[0007] Step 2, execute corresponding commands according to the pressed key;

[0008] Step 3: Perform temperature measurement according to the command executed by the button and display the measurement result;

[0009] Step 4: Give a voice reminder according to the measurement result;

[0010] Step 5: Perform temperature control according to the measurement result.

[0011] Furthermore, the temperature measurement process includes:

[0012] S101: Initialize DS18B20;

[0013] S102: Send a skip ROM instruction;

[0014] S103: Send a start temperature conversion instruction;

[0015] S104: Initialize DS18B20;

[0016] S105: Send a skip ROM instruction;

[0017] S106: Send a read scratchpad temperature instruction;

[0018] S107: Read the temperature value, with the high byte first and the low byte second.

[0019] Furthermore, the display program process includes:

[0020] S201: Initialize LCD12864;

[0021] S202: Check if the busy status flag bit is 1. If it is, return to S201; if not, write a command;

[0022] S203: Write data;

[0023] S204: Display characters.

[0024] Furthermore, the voice program process includes:

[0025] S301: After starting, check if S2 is pressed. If it is, give a voice broadcast to prompt the current temperature and then continue to execute; if not, do not give a broadcast and continue to execute;

[0026] S302: Measure the ambient temperature value;

[0027] S303: Check if the measured temperature value is greater than the set value. If it is, give a voice broadcast to prompt "The temperature is too high" and then continue to execute; if not, do not give a broadcast and continue to execute;

[0028] In S304, it is determined whether the temperature measurement value is less than the set value. If so, "Temperature is too low" is announced by voice and then S301 is returned. If not, S301 is directly returned.

[0029] Furthermore, the key-pressing program flow includes:

[0030] In S401, it is determined whether S4 is pressed. If so, S402 is continued to be executed; if not, it is determined whether S2 is pressed. If S2 is pressed, the current temperature is announced.

[0031] In S402, menu = menu + 1; when menu ≥ 3, menu = 0;

[0032] In S403, when menu = 1, the upper limit value of the temperature is set. When S2 is pressed, the upper limit value of the temperature is incremented by 1. When S2 is released after being pressed, it is incremented by 1 three times. If it is not released after being incremented by 1 three times, it is incremented by 10. When S3 is pressed, the upper limit value of the temperature is decremented by 1. When S2 is released after being pressed, it is decremented by 1 three times. If it is not released after being decremented by 1 three times, it is decremented by 10.

[0033] In S404, when menu = 2, the lower limit value of the temperature is set. When S2 is pressed, the lower limit value of the temperature is incremented by 1. When S2 is released after being pressed, it is incremented by 1 three times. If it is not released after being incremented by 1 three times, it is incremented by 10. When S3 is pressed, the lower limit value of the temperature is decremented by 1. When S2 is released after being pressed, it is decremented by 1 three times. If it is not released after being decremented by 1 three times, it is decremented by 10.

[0034] Another object of the present invention is to provide a temperature control system in a PAMFC that implements the temperature control method in the PAMFC, including:

[0035] A single-chip microcomputer for overall control of the system;

[0036] A temperature measurement module for measuring the ambient temperature;

[0037] A key module for executing the key-pressing program;

[0038] A display module for displaying the measurement results;

[0039] A voice module including a speaker for voice announcement according to the measurement results;

[0040] A Bluetooth module for connecting to a mobile phone APP;

[0041] A PID algorithm temperature control module including a solid-state relay, a heating device, and a cooling device for temperature control according to the PID algorithm.

[0042] Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of the temperature control method in the PAMFC.

[0043] Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor executes the steps of the temperature control method in the PAMFC.

[0044] Another object of the present invention is to provide an information data processing terminal, which includes the temperature control system in the PAMFC.

[0045] Combined with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows:

[0046] First, one of the core advantages of the single-chip microcomputer temperature control system lies in its precise temperature control ability. By integrating a high-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC), the single-chip microcomputer can collect the analog signal of the temperature sensor in real time and convert it into a digital signal for processing. This process reduces the distortion in signal transmission and improves the accuracy of temperature measurement. Combined with an advanced PID algorithm, the system can quickly respond to temperature changes, automatically adjust the output of the heating or cooling device, maintain the temperature within the set range, reduce temperature fluctuations, and ensure the stability of the production process. Traditional temperature control systems often have the problem of slow response due to simple control algorithms and slow processing speeds, which is particularly disadvantageous in rapidly changing temperature control scenarios. With its high-speed computing power and flexible programming characteristics, the single-chip microcomputer can complete complex control logic operations in a short time, significantly improving the response speed of the system. Increasing the sampling frequency means that the system can obtain temperature information more frequently, timely adjust the control strategy, effectively avoid overshoot and underregulation, and ensure the high efficiency of temperature control.

[0047] The PID controller, as one of the cornerstones in control theory, its wide application and enduring charm lie in its simple yet powerful adjustment ability. The core of the PID control algorithm is to precisely control the system output by combining three basic control actions: proportional (P), integral (I), and derivative (D), so that it approaches or maintains the desired set value. Each control component plays a different role in the PID controller and works together to optimize the dynamic characteristics of the system. Proportional control is the most direct form of feedback control, which adjusts the output proportionally according to the magnitude of the deviation (the difference between the set value and the actual value). The P controller can respond quickly to errors but cannot eliminate the steady-state error, that is, there is a fixed difference between the final output of the system and the set value. In the fields of contemporary industrial automation and precision instruments, the accuracy and response speed of temperature control directly affect production efficiency and product quality. This article introduces the application value of the single-chip microcomputer temperature control system, analyzes the design scheme of the PID temperature control system based on the single-chip microcomputer, and proposes the PID temperature control algorithm in order to achieve efficient temperature control. In the absence of integral and derivative actions, P control is suitable for occasions where a high response speed is required but a certain error is allowed. The introduction of integral control aims to eliminate the steady-state error. It adjusts according to the size of the historical cumulative error, gradually increasing or decreasing the control action over time until the error tends to zero. Although the I controller can achieve control without steady-state error, excessive integration may lead to system overshoot, oscillation, or even instability. Therefore, the integral term usually needs to be carefully designed and limited. Derivative control adjusts based on the rate of change of the current error. It can predict the trend of error change, helps to respond in advance, reduces overshoot, and improves the dynamic response of the system. However, the derivative action is extremely sensitive to noise and often requires low-pass filtering to reduce the influence of high-frequency noise in practical applications. The PID controller can find the best balance among stability, response speed, and overshoot by adjusting the ratio of the three parameters P, I, and D. In some scenarios, only the PI or PD controller may be needed to meet the system control requirements while simplifying the control structure. For example, the PI controller performs well in occasions where steady-state error needs to be eliminated and the response speed requirement is not high; the PD controller is dominant in systems that require rapid response and allow a certain steady-state error.

[0048] Second, on the basis of optimizing the temperature control cost of the PAMFC (algal microbial fuel cell) of the present invention, the economic value of carbon emission reduction is further enhanced. Algae absorb CO2 through photosynthesis, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and can obtain economic compensation through carbon emission reduction projects.

[0049] Algae can utilize CO2 from sewage, agricultural waste, and industrial emissions as a growth substrate, significantly reducing the production cost of fuel. Taking the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in the United States as an example, its technology can directly process wet algal slurry (with a water content of 80%-90%), avoiding the drying process and reducing the production cost by about 50%. In addition, algal residues can be processed into high-value by-products, such as animal feed, bioplastics, or raw materials for cosmetics, forming a complete industrial chain. For example, the Bethwater project uses algae to produce animal feed, significantly enhancing the added value of biofuel production.

[0050] Algal biofuels can serve as alternative energy sources to aviation fuel and diesel, gradually reducing dependence on fossil fuels. For example, the Chitose Laboratory plans to reduce the cost of algal fuel to $3 per liter by 2027, making it comparable to the price of traditional fossil fuels. In addition, algal fuel can be used as an off-grid power supply solution, providing an economically viable solution for power supply in remote areas and disaster emergencies. For example, the Latoen Lamp project in South Korea uses algal batteries to provide long-term power support for offshore navigation aids, reducing the cost of traditional power grid construction.

[0051] The cost of traditional water bloom and red tide treatment is high. For example, mechanical salvage costs 3-10 yuan per cubic meter, chemical treatment costs 16-80 yuan, and biological treatment costs 30-50 yuan, and it is difficult to achieve economic benefits. The PAMFC technology of the present invention can convert algae into fuel, realizing resource utilization, thereby creating economic value while treating water blooms and red tides. In addition, with the growing global demand for low-carbon fuels, it is expected that by 2029, the market share of algal biofuels will increase from 5% in 2023 to 15%, with a compound annual growth rate of over 10%, showing broad market prospects and investment value. Description of the Drawings

[0052] Figure 1 is the flowchart of the temperature control method in the PAMFC provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 is the overall program design diagram provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 3 is the flowchart of the temperature measurement provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 4 is the flowchart of the display program provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 5 is the flowchart of the voice program provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 6 is the flowchart of the key program provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 7It is the structure diagram of the temperature control system in the PAMFC provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 8 It is the temperature measurement circuit diagram provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 9 It is the display circuit connection diagram provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 10 It is the voice module link diagram provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 11 It is the Bluetooth module connection diagram provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 12 It is the heating device circuit link diagram provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 13 It is the cooling device circuit connection diagram provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 14 It is the schematic diagram of the key module circuit provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 15 It is the temperature threshold control curve graph provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 16 It is the simulation circuit of the PAMFC temperature control system provided by the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0068] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0069] As Figure 1 shown is the temperature control method in the PAMFC provided by the embodiment of the present invention, including:

[0070] Step 1, perform system initialization;

[0071] Step 2, execute corresponding commands according to the pressed keys;

[0072] Step 3, perform temperature measurement according to the commands executed by the keys and display the measurement results;

[0073] Step 4, perform voice reminder according to the measurement results;

[0074] Step 5, perform temperature control according to the measurement results.

[0075] AsFigure 2 Shown is the overall program design diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. The overall program of the present invention includes system initialization, key program, display program, temperature measurement program, language reminder program, temperature control program, and Bluetooth program.

[0076] As Figure 3 Shown is the temperature measurement process provided by an embodiment of the present invention, including:

[0077] S101, Initialize DS18B20;

[0078] S102, Send the skip ROM instruction;

[0079] S103, Send the start temperature conversion instruction;

[0080] S104, Initialize DS18B20;

[0081] S105, Send the skip ROM instruction;

[0082] S106, Send the instruction to read the temperature in the scratchpad;

[0083] S107, Read the temperature value, with the high byte first and the low byte second.

[0084] As Figure 4 Shown is the display program process, including:

[0085] S201, Initialize LCD12864;

[0086] S202, Judge whether the busy status flag bit is 1. If so, return to S201; if not, write a command;

[0087] S203, Write data;

[0088] S204, Display characters.

[0089] As Figure 5 Shown is the voice program process, including:

[0090] S301, After starting, judge whether S2 is pressed. If so, voice broadcast to prompt the current temperature and then continue to execute; if not, do not broadcast and continue to execute;

[0091] S302, Measure the ambient temperature value;

[0092] S303, Judge whether the measured temperature value is greater than the set value. If so, voice broadcast to prompt "The temperature is too high" and then continue to execute; if not, do not broadcast and continue to execute;

[0093] S304, Judge whether the measured temperature value is less than the set value. If so, voice broadcast to prompt "The temperature is too low" and then return to S301; if not, directly return to S301.

[0094] As shown Figure 6 in the key program flow diagram, it includes:

[0095] S401, determine whether S4 is pressed. If so, continue to execute S402; otherwise, determine whether S2 is pressed. If S2 is pressed, the current temperature is reported;

[0096] S402, menu = menu + 1; when menu ≥ 3, menu = 0;

[0097] S403, when menu = 1, set the upper limit value of the temperature. Press S2, then the upper limit value of the temperature increases by 1. If S2 is released during the increase, it increases by 1 three times. If it is not released after increasing by 1 three times, it increases by 10; press S3, then the upper limit value of the temperature decreases by 1. If S2 is released during the decrease, it decreases by 1 three times. If it is not released after decreasing by 1 three times, it decreases by 10;

[0098] S404, when menu = 2, set the lower limit value of the temperature. Press S2, then the lower limit value of the temperature increases by 1. If S2 is released during the increase, it increases by 1 three times. If it is not released after increasing by 1 three times, it increases by 10; press S3, then the lower limit value of the temperature decreases by 1. If S2 is released during the decrease, it decreases by 1 three times. If it is not released after decreasing by 1 three times, it decreases by 10.

[0099] As shown Figure 7 in the temperature control system in the PAMFC provided by the embodiment of the present invention, it includes:

[0100] A single-chip microcomputer for overall control of the system;

[0101] A temperature measurement module for measuring the ambient temperature;

[0102] A key module for executing the key program;

[0103] A display module for displaying the measurement results;

[0104] A voice module including a speaker for voice reporting according to the measurement results;

[0105] A Bluetooth module for connecting to a mobile phone APP;

[0106] A PID algorithm temperature control module including a solid-state relay, a heating device and a cooling device for temperature control according to the PID algorithm.

[0107] As shown Figure 8 in the temperature measurement circuit, as Figure 9 shown in the display circuit connection, as Figure 10 shown in the voice module connection diagram, as Figure 11 shown in the Bluetooth module connection diagram, as Figure 12 shown in the heating device circuit connection diagram,Figure 13 Shown is the circuit connection diagram of the temperature reduction device, as Figure 14 shown is the schematic circuit diagram of the key module.

[0108] Figure 15 : Temperature threshold control curve - This figure shows the curve of temperature changing with time and reflects the working state of the temperature control system. When the temperature is below 10°C, the heating element starts to work to raise the temperature; when the temperature is above 20°C, the heating element stops working to ensure that the temperature is maintained within the set threshold range.

[0109] Figure 16 : PAMFC temperature control system simulation circuit - This figure is the Proteus simulation result, showing the circuit design of the PAMFC temperature control system based on the AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer, including temperature sensors, control modules, heating circuits, and display modules. The simulation verifies that the system can achieve the functions of real-time temperature monitoring and automatic adjustment.

[0110] The application embodiment of the present invention relates to a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor. A computer program is stored in the memory. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it can implement the temperature control method in PAMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell). This method is used to ensure the stability of the internal temperature of the system and improve the operating efficiency and service life of the fuel cell.

[0111] In addition, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored. This program can be read and executed by the processor to implement the various functions of the PAMFC temperature control method. Through this storage medium, the system can quickly deploy the temperature control algorithm to ensure that the fuel cell operates within the optimal temperature range.

[0112] The present invention also proposes an information data processing terminal, which includes the temperature control system in PAMFC and can monitor and adjust the temperature of the fuel cell in real time to ensure its stability and safety under different working conditions. This terminal can be applied to energy management systems or experimental equipment to optimize the performance of the fuel cell.

[0113] In practical applications, the temperature control method of the present invention has been used for the temperature adjustment of microbial culture media. During the experiment, the system can control the temperature of the culture medium within the set threshold range, effectively ensuring the stability of the growth environment of microorganisms and improving the accuracy of experimental data.

[0114] The temperature control experiment of this device shows that when the temperature of the culture medium is below 10°C, the heating element starts to work to raise the temperature. When the temperature is above 20°C, the heating element stops working to prevent the temperature from being too high and affecting the experiment. This temperature change process is shown in the temperature-time function graph, successfully achieving precise temperature control management.

[0115] The device is simulated and tested by Proteus software. The results show that the system can automatically adjust the opening and closing of the heating device according to the predetermined temperature range, achieving precise control of the water temperature. This simulation experiment further verifies the feasibility of the present invention and provides reliable technical support for the practical application of the PAMFC temperature control system. It should be noted that the implementation mode of the present invention can be realized by hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware part can be realized by using special logic; the software part can be stored in a memory and executed by an appropriate instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or special designed hardware. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that the above-mentioned devices and methods can be realized by using computer-executable instructions and / or included in processor control code, for example, such code is provided on a carrier medium such as a disk, CD, or DVD-ROM, a programmable memory such as a read-only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. The device and its modules of the present invention can be realized by a hardware circuit of a programmable hardware device such as a very large scale integrated circuit or a gate array, a semiconductor such as a logic chip or a transistor, or a field programmable gate array or a programmable logic device, can also be realized by software executed by various types of processors, or can be realized by a combination of the above hardware circuit and software, such as firmware.

[0116] As described above, it is only the specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A temperature control method in a PAMFC, characterized in that, Including: Step 1, perform system initialization; Step 2, execute corresponding commands according to the pressed buttons; Step 3, perform temperature measurement according to the commands executed by the buttons and display the measurement results; Step 4, perform voice reminder according to the measurement results; Step 5, perform temperature control according to the measurement results.

2. The temperature control method in the PAMFC according to claim 1, wherein Temperature measurement process, including: S101, initialize DS18B20; S102, send skip ROM instruction; S103, send start temperature conversion instruction; S104, initialize DS18B20; S105, send skip ROM instruction; S106, send read scratchpad temperature instruction; S107, read the temperature value, with the high byte first and the low byte second.

3. The temperature control method in the PAMFC according to claim 1, wherein, Display program process, including: S201, initialize LCD12864; S202, check if the busy status flag bit is 1. If it is, return to S201; if not, write a command; S203, write data; S204, display characters.

4. The temperature control method in the PAMFC according to claim 1, characterized in that, Voice program process, including: S301, after starting, check if S2 is pressed. If it is, perform voice broadcast to prompt the current temperature and then continue to execute; if not, do not perform broadcast and continue to execute; S302, measure the ambient temperature value; S303, check if the measured temperature value is greater than the set value. If it is, perform voice broadcast to prompt "Temperature is too high" and then continue to execute; if not, do not perform broadcast and continue to execute; S304, check if the measured temperature value is less than the set value. If it is, perform voice broadcast to prompt "Temperature is too low" and then return to S301; if not, directly return to S301.

5. The temperature control method in the PAMFC according to claim 1, characterized in that, Button program process, including: S401, check if S4 is pressed. If it is, continue to execute S402; if not, check if S2 is pressed. If S2 is pressed, broadcast the current temperature; S402, menu = menu + 1; when menu ≥ 3, menu = 0; S403, when menu = 1, set the upper temperature limit. Press S2, then the upper temperature limit increases by 1. Press and hold S2 for 3 times, and if not released after 3 times of increasing by 1, it increases by 10. Press S3, then the upper temperature limit decreases by 1. Press and hold S2 for 3 times, and if not released after 3 times of decreasing by 1, it decreases by 10; S404, when menu = 2, set the lower temperature limit. Press S2, then the lower temperature limit increases by 1. Press and hold S2 for 3 times, and if not released after 3 times of increasing by 1, it increases by 10. Press S3, then the lower temperature limit decreases by 1. Press and hold S2 for 3 times, and if not released after 3 times of decreasing by 1, it decreases by 10.

6. A temperature control system in a PAMFC for implementing the temperature control method in the PAMFC as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, including: A single-chip microcomputer for overall control of the system; A temperature measurement module for measuring the ambient temperature; A button module for executing the button program; A display module for displaying the measurement results; A voice module including a speaker for performing voice broadcast according to the measurement results; A Bluetooth module for connecting to a mobile phone APP; A PID algorithm temperature control module including a solid-state relay, a heating device, and a cooling device for performing temperature control according to the PID algorithm.

7. A computer device, the computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, when the computer program is executed by the processor, it causes the processor to execute the steps of the temperature control method in the PAMFC according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, storing a computer program, when the computer program is executed by the processor, it causes the processor to execute the steps of the temperature control method in the PAMFC according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

9. An information data processing terminal, the information data processing terminal includes the temperature control system in the PAMFC according to claim 6.

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