Quantum computing server, quantum computing service method, quantum computing service system, quantum computing service equipment and medium

Abstract

The invention provides a quantum computing server, a quantum computing service method, a quantum computing service system, a quantum computing device and a medium, the quantum computing server is configured to execute a preprocessing operation including a quantum circuit generation operation, and / or a post-processing operation including a data processing operation of a measurement result, therefore, the quantum computing server and the quantum operating system jointly execute the preprocessing operation and the post-processing operation. Through introduction of the quantum computing server, kernel design of the quantum operating system is simplified, and maintenance is facilitated; in addition, the kernel operation stability of the quantum operation system is improved; in addition, the business can be expanded in the quantum computing server without affecting the kernel of the quantum operating system. And if the performance of the kernel host of the quantum operating system has a bottleneck, the computing service can be entrusted to other hosts, so that the capacity of the kernel of the quantum operating system for dealing with massive tasks is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of quantum computing technology, and particularly to a quantum computing server, a quantum computing service method, a quantum framework system, a computer device, and a computer-readable storage medium. Background Art

[0002] In quantum computing, the quantum operating system performs various preprocessing and compilation operations on the quantum circuit submitted by the user to generate the final circuit, and transmits it to the computing backend to obtain the computing result. The ultimate goal of various quantum circuits and operations is to achieve the measurement of qubits. Before the quantum circuit submitted by the user reaches the quantum computing system, it needs to go through various preprocessing. After obtaining the measurement result of the quantum computing system, postprocessing also needs to be performed on the result to obtain the computing result required by the user.

[0003] Based on this, this application provides a quantum computing server, a quantum computing service method, a quantum framework system, a computer device, and a computer-readable storage medium to improve related technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a quantum computing server, a quantum computing service method, a quantum framework system, a computer device, and a computer-readable storage medium, which extract at least part of the preprocessing operation and / or at least part of the postprocessing operation from the quantum operating system and execute them on the quantum computing server, simplifying the kernel design of the quantum operating system.

[0005] The purpose of this application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] In the first aspect, this application provides a quantum computing server, which is configured to execute a preprocessing operation including the generation operation of a quantum circuit and / or a postprocessing operation including the data processing operation of a measurement result, so as to enable the quantum computing server and the quantum operating system to jointly execute the preprocessing operation and the postprocessing operation.

[0007] In the second aspect, this application provides a quantum computing service method, which is applied to a quantum computing server, and the method includes:

[0008] Executing a preprocessing operation including the generation operation of a quantum circuit and / or a postprocessing operation including the data processing operation of a measurement result, so as to enable the quantum computing server and the quantum operating system to jointly execute the preprocessing operation and the postprocessing operation.

[0009] In the third aspect, this application provides a quantum framework system, including an application end, a quantum computing server, a quantum operating system, and a quantum computing system;

[0010] The application side is configured to receive a type instruction and task information of a user, and obtain a task type corresponding to the type instruction; in the case that the task type is any one of the preset types, generate first quantum circuit information corresponding to the task information; and receive a first calculation result from the quantum computing server end;

[0011] The quantum computing server end is configured to receive the first quantum circuit information to perform a preprocessing operation including a generation operation of a quantum circuit; and receive a first measurement result from the quantum operating system to perform a postprocessing operation including a data processing operation of the first measurement result, and obtain a first calculation result;

[0012] The quantum operating system is configured to receive and compile a preprocessed quantum circuit to obtain a first quantum circuit instruction set; and receive a first measurement result from the quantum computing system;

[0013] The quantum computing system is configured to receive and execute the first quantum circuit instruction set to obtain a first measurement result.

[0014] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer device, where the computer device includes a memory and at least one processor, the memory stores a computer program, and the at least one processor is configured to implement the steps of any one of the above quantum computing service methods when executing the computer program.

[0015] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program implements the steps of any one of the above quantum computing service methods when executed by at least one processor, or implements the functions of any one of the above computer devices.

[0016] The quantum computing server end, the quantum computing service method, the quantum framework system, the computer device, and the computer-readable storage medium provided by the present application, through the introduction of the quantum computing server end, not only simplify the kernel design of the quantum operating system and are convenient for maintenance; moreover, improve the kernel operation stability of the quantum operating system; in addition, services can be extended in the quantum computing server end without affecting the quantum operating system kernel. If there is a bottleneck in the kernel host performance of the quantum operating system, the computing service can be entrusted to other hosts, thereby improving the ability of the quantum operating system kernel to handle a large number of tasks. Description of the Drawings

[0017] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings in the specification and the specific embodiments.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of a quantum computing service provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic flowchart of a quantum computing service method provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a structural block diagram of a quantum framework system provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the topological structure of an uncoupled quantum framework system provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the topological structure of a decoupled quantum framework system provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Figure 6 is Figure 5 a partial enlarged view of the quantum computing server in

[0024] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the topological structure of a quantum framework system provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure 8 It is a structural block diagram of a computer device provided by an embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0026] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0027] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0028] A quantum computing device can run a quantum program to implement quantum computing. A quantum program is a series of instruction sequences written in a quantum language such as the QRunes language that can run on a quantum computing device, which supports operations on quantum logic gates and ultimately realizes quantum computing. Specifically, a quantum program is a series of instruction sequences that operate quantum logic gates in a certain time sequence.

[0029] As a manifestation of quantum programs, quantum circuits, also known as quantum logic circuits, are the most commonly used general quantum computing models, representing circuits that operate on qubits under abstract concepts. Their components include qubits, circuits (timelines), and various quantum logic gates. Finally, the results are often read out through quantum measurement operations.

[0030] Different from traditional circuits that are connected by metal wires to transmit voltage signals or current signals, in quantum circuits, the circuits can be regarded as connected by time. That is, the states of qubits evolve naturally over time and are operated according to the instructions of the Hamiltonian operator until they encounter quantum logic gates.

[0031] It should be noted that in classical computing, the most basic unit is the bit, and the most basic control mode is the logic gate. The purpose of the circuit can be achieved through the combination of logic gates. Similarly, the way to process qubits is the quantum logic gate (i.e., quantum gate). Using quantum logic gates can evolve quantum states. Quantum logic gates are the basis for constructing quantum circuits. Quantum logic gates include: single-bit quantum logic gates, such as the Hadamard gate (H gate, Hadamard gate), Pauli-X gate (X gate), Pauli-Y gate (Y gate), Pauli-Z gate (Z gate), RX gate, RY gate, RZ gate, etc.; multi-bit quantum logic gates, such as the CNOT gate, CR gate, iSWAP gate, TOFFOLI gate, etc. Quantum logic gates are generally represented by unitary matrices, and unitary matrices are not only in matrix form but also a kind of operation and transformation. Generally, the action of a quantum logic gate on a quantum state is calculated by left-multiplying the unitary matrix by the matrix corresponding to the quantum state right vector.

[0032] Noise Learning is a process in quantum computing used to identify and understand the noise characteristics in quantum computing devices. Noise, as one of the main obstacles in quantum computing, can be introduced through various sources, such as the inherent instability of qubits, interference from the external environment, or operation errors.

[0033] Error Mitigation is a technique in quantum computing used to reduce or eliminate the impact of errors during the computing process. The purpose of Error Mitigation is to reduce the impact of these errors on the computing results and improve the accuracy and reliability of the results by applying specific techniques and strategies.

[0034] Expectation Value Calculation is used in quantum computing to determine the expectation value. The expectation value is a property of a quantum state, representing the average value of a certain quantum observable. In quantum mechanics, the expectation value of a quantum observable (such as the position or momentum of a particle) provides relevant information about the properties of the quantum state. The calculation of the expectation value involves a series of measurements on the quantum system, and then estimating the average value of a specific quantum observable based on these measurement results. In quantum computing, this may involve operating on multiple qubits and performing repeated measurements to obtain sufficient data to accurately estimate the expectation value.

[0035] Quantum State Tomography (QST) is a technique used to fully characterize a quantum state. The aim is to determine the complete state of a quantum system through a series of measurements. Performing quantum state tomography involves making various different measurements on the quantum system to collect sufficient data to reconstruct the quantum state. This process requires the quantum system to be measured multiple times in different bases, with each measurement providing partial information about the quantum state. By combining all the measurement results, the complete quantum state can be reconstructed. The QST fidelity is an indicator that measures the similarity between the reconstructed quantum state and the actual quantum state. A high fidelity indicates that the reconstructed quantum state accurately reflects the properties of the actual quantum state. Calculating the QST fidelity is a step in quantum state tomography used to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of the tomography process.

[0036] A quantum operating system (e.g., the SiNan operating system, also known as SiNan OS) is used to implement functions such as scheduling of quantum tasks, quantum computing resource management, user management, and circuit compilation. The quantum circuit submitted by the user through the application layer is passed to the quantum operating system. Inside the quantum operating system, various preprocessing and compilation operations are performed on the user-submitted quantum circuit to generate a specific instruction set of single and double gates supported by the quantum chip, and then it is passed to the computing backend through the backend service of the quantum operating system to obtain the calculation result. The ultimate goal of various quantum circuits and operations is to perform measurements on qubits. Before the user-submitted quantum circuit reaches the quantum computing system, it needs to go through various preprocessing. After obtaining the measurement result of the quantum computing system, post-processing also needs to be done to obtain the calculation result required by the user.

[0037] In the related art, various circuit operations (the preprocessing and postprocessing mentioned above) of the quantum operating system are all placed in the kernel layer (i.e., the kernel layer) of the quantum operating system with extremely high requirements for stability and performance, which poses a great threat to the stability, scalability, and maintainability of the kernel layer. The present application provides a quantum computing server, a quantum computing service method, a quantum framework system, a computer device, and a computer-readable storage medium to improve the related art. By extracting the business logic from the kernel as the quantum computing server, the present application simplifies the kernel design of the quantum operating system and improves its stability, maintainability, and scalability.

[0038] It should be noted that although the present application takes error mitigation computing as an example, the present application can be applied to other quantum computing, such as expectation computing, quantum state tomography, etc., and the present application does not limit this.

[0039] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 which is a schematic flowchart of a quantum computing service provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] An embodiment of the present application provides a quantum computing server, which is configured to execute a preprocessing operation including a generation operation of a quantum circuit and / or a postprocessing operation including a data processing operation of a measurement result, so as to implement that the quantum computing server and the quantum operating system jointly execute the preprocessing operation and the postprocessing operation.

[0041] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the preprocessing operation. In addition to the generation operation of the quantum circuit, the preprocessing operation may further include one or more operations such as optimizing the quantum circuit, error correction coding, allocation of quantum resources, and decomposition of quantum gates. Optimizing the quantum circuit is, for example, optimizing the order of quantum gates in the quantum circuit to reduce the total number of gate operations and the accumulation of errors. Error correction coding is, for example, integrating an error correction scheme into the quantum circuit to improve the fault tolerance of quantum bits. Allocation of quantum resources is, for example, determining the number and type of quantum bits required for the quantum circuit, as well as the configuration of other quantum resources (such as auxiliary quantum bits). Decomposition of quantum gates is, for example, decomposing complex quantum gate operations into basic gate operations that can be implemented by the hardware.

[0042] In the embodiments of the present application, the data processing operations of the measurement results may include operations such as formatting. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the post-processing operations. In addition to the data processing operations of the measurement results, the post-processing operations may also include one or more operations such as statistical analysis of data, error correction of results, decoding of quantum data, result visualization, and subsequent processing of results. Statistical analysis of data is, for example, performing statistical processing on the measurement results, including calculating probability distributions, mean values, standard deviations, etc. Error correction of results is, for example, correcting the measurement results based on a pre-established noise model. Decoding of quantum data is, for example, decoding the quantum data that has been error-corrected encoded to obtain the original quantum information. Result visualization is, for example, converting the calculation results into a visual form, such as a graph or a table, for easy analysis and understanding by the user. Subsequent processing of results is, for example, further processing the calculation results according to the specific application of the calculation, such as subsequent steps of a quantum algorithm or combination with classical data.

[0043] The quantum computing server and the quantum operating system jointly execute preprocessing operations and postprocessing operations, corresponding to multiple implementation manners. For example, for the preprocessing operations, all operations can be executed on the quantum computing server, all operations can be executed on the quantum operating system, or some operations can be executed on the quantum computing server and some operations can be executed on the quantum operating system. Similarly, for the postprocessing operations, all operations can be executed on the quantum computing server, all operations can be executed on the quantum operating system, or some operations can be executed on the quantum computing server and some operations can be executed on the quantum operating system. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the manner in which the quantum computing server and the quantum operating system jointly execute preprocessing operations and postprocessing operations, as long as at least some of the preprocessing operations and / or at least some of the postprocessing operations are executed on the quantum computing server.

[0044] In the embodiments of the present application, by introducing the quantum computing server, not only the kernel design of the quantum operating system is simplified and easy to maintain, but also the kernel operation stability of the quantum operating system is improved. In addition, the services can be infinitely extended in the quantum computing server. One is to extend the logic of the original computing service (such as EMC), and the other is to add new computing services such as QST (Quantum State Tomography) and Expectation (Expectation Calculation); and these extensions do not affect the kernel of the quantum operating system. If there is a bottleneck in the kernel host performance of the quantum operating system, the computing service can be entrusted to other hosts, and different hosts can communicate through methods such as TCP or ZMQ, thereby improving the ability of the quantum operating system kernel to handle a large number of tasks.

[0045] Specifically, at least partially replacing (or sharing) the preprocessing operations and postprocessing operations that were originally all executed on the quantum operating system by the quantum computing server can accelerate the processing speed, reduce the burden on the quantum operating system, and make the entire quantum computing process more rapid and efficient. Allowing the quantum computing server to execute at least part of the preprocessing operations and postprocessing operations provides more flexible resource management and scheduling capabilities. According to the current load of the quantum operating system and resource availability, the task allocation can be dynamically adjusted to optimize the overall performance. Since at least part of the preprocessing operations and postprocessing operations are transferred to the quantum computing server, the quantum operating system becomes less busy, thereby reducing the quantum operating system latency and improving the response speed. Executing at least part of the preprocessing and postprocessing operations on the quantum computing server can utilize specialized algorithms and techniques to optimize these steps, providing more opportunities for customization and optimization, enabling specific types of computing tasks to be optimized through specific preprocessing and postprocessing methods, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the final calculation results. This mode is more suitable for scalable quantum computing environments, allowing for easier addition or adjustment of computing resources to adapt to different scales of computing requirements.

[0046] As Figure 1 shown, in some embodiments, when the number of preprocessed quantum circuits is greater than a preset number, the quantum computing server can also be configured to: perform a splitting operation on the quantum circuits after executing the preprocessing operation; and / or, perform a merging operation on the measurement results before executing the postprocessing operation. The quantum computing server and the quantum operating system jointly perform the splitting operation on the quantum circuits and the merging operation on the measurement results.

[0047] The embodiments of the present application do not limit the preset number, which can be, for example, the threshold of the number of circuits that the quantum computing system allows to calculate. Specifically, the preset number can be, for example, 10, 100, 500, 1000, 2000, 10000, 100000, etc. In some embodiments, the threshold of the number of circuits that the measurement and control integrated machine in the quantum computing system can receive for a single task can be used as the preset number.

[0048] The quantum computing server can perform the splitting operation of quantum circuits, that is, split the overall computing task after preprocessing, and split the original overall computing task into individual subtasks. The quantum circuits corresponding to each subtask are reduced to meet the circuit number limit of the quantum computing system. The quantum operating system receives the subtasks from the quantum computing server, performs the compilation operation corresponding to each subtask, obtains the quantum circuit instruction set corresponding to each subtask, and sequentially transmits the quantum circuit instruction set corresponding to the subtask to the quantum computing system. The quantum computing system performs the quantum computing corresponding to each subtask and obtains the measurement result corresponding to each subtask. The quantum operating system receives the measurement results corresponding to each subtask from the quantum computing system and provides them to the quantum computing server.

[0049] The quantum computing server can perform the merging operation of measurement results, that is, merge the measurement results corresponding to each subtask from the quantum operating system to obtain the overall measurement result, which is convenient for performing corresponding post-processing on the overall measurement result, such as formatting, visualization, etc.

[0050] In the embodiments of the present application, after performing the splitting operation of quantum circuits, the number of quantum circuits corresponding to each of the split subtasks may be the same or different. As an example, the number of quantum circuits after preprocessing is 1200. Assuming that the threshold of the number of circuits allowed to be calculated by the quantum computing system is 1000, the quantum circuits after preprocessing can be split into 2 subtasks. The first subtask corresponds to 1000 quantum circuits, and the second subtask corresponds to 200 quantum circuits. Alternatively, the quantum circuits after preprocessing can also be split into 2 subtasks, and the number of quantum circuits corresponding to both the first subtask and the second subtask is 600.

[0051] The quantum computing server and the quantum operating system jointly perform the splitting operation of quantum circuits and the merging operation of measurement results, corresponding to multiple implementation manners. For example, for the splitting operation, all operations can be performed on the quantum computing server, all operations can be performed on the quantum operating system, or some operations can be performed on the quantum computing server and some operations can be performed on the quantum operating system. Similarly, for the merging operation, all operations can be performed on the quantum computing server, all operations can be performed on the quantum operating system, or some operations can be performed on the quantum computing server and some operations can be performed on the quantum operating system. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the manner in which the quantum computing server and the quantum operating system jointly perform the splitting operation and the merging operation, as long as at least some of the splitting operations and / or at least some of the merging operations are performed on the quantum computing server.

[0052] In the embodiments of the present application, by performing the splitting operation of quantum circuits on the quantum computing server side, large-scale quantum computing tasks are split into smaller subtasks, which can adapt to the limitation of the number of circuits in the quantum computing system. Even when facing complex computing tasks with a large number of quantum circuits, the quantum framework system can effectively process them. This provides a flexible method to handle quantum computing tasks of different scales, making the quantum framework system more adaptable to different sizes of computing requirements. When performing the merging operation, the quantum computing server can merge the measurement results corresponding to multiple subtasks, thereby evaluating and analyzing the overall computing task. After the measurement results of the subtasks are merged, unified post-processing, such as formatting and visualization, can be performed to improve the accuracy and usability of the final computing results. Splitting quantum circuits helps to better identify and manage errors. If a specific subtask fails, the subtask can be recalculated without restarting the entire quantum computing task.

[0053] In some embodiments, for the generation operation of quantum circuits, the generated quantum circuits may include noise learning quantum circuits; or, the generated quantum circuits may include noise learning quantum circuits and error mitigation quantum circuits; or, the generated quantum circuits may include expected calculation quantum circuits; or, the generated quantum circuits may include quantum state tomography quantum circuits.

[0054] In noise learning, the quantum circuits generated by the quantum computing server may include noise learning quantum circuits. For example, the quantum computing server may call a noise learning quantum circuit generation script or functional module (function, class, etc.) to generate one or more noise learning quantum circuits.

[0055] In error mitigation calculation, the quantum circuits generated by the quantum computing server may include noise learning quantum circuits and error mitigation quantum circuits. For example, the quantum computing server may call a noise learning quantum circuit generation script or functional module to generate one or more noise learning quantum circuits, and the quantum computing server may call an error mitigation quantum circuit generation script or functional module to generate one or more error mitigation quantum circuits.

[0056] In expected calculation, the quantum circuits generated by the quantum computing server may include expected calculation quantum circuits. For example, the quantum computing server may call an expected calculation quantum circuit generation script or functional module to generate one or more expected calculation quantum circuits.

[0057] In expected calculation, the quantum circuits generated by the quantum computing server may include expected calculation quantum circuits. For example, the quantum computing server may call a quantum state tomography quantum circuit generation script or functional module to generate one or more quantum state tomography quantum circuits.

[0058] See Figure 2 ,Figure 2 It is a schematic flowchart of a quantum computing service method provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0059] An embodiment of the present application also provides a quantum computing service method, which is applied to a quantum computing server. The method includes: performing a preprocessing operation including a generation operation of quantum circuits, and / or a postprocessing operation including a data processing operation of measurement results, so as to implement the quantum computing server and the quantum operating system to jointly perform the preprocessing operation and the postprocessing operation.

[0060] In some embodiments, the method may further include: when the number of preprocessed quantum circuits is greater than a preset number: performing a splitting operation of the quantum circuits after performing the preprocessing operation; and / or performing a merging operation of the measurement results before performing the postprocessing operation.

[0061] As Figure 2 shown, in a specific application scenario, an embodiment of the present application also provides a quantum computing service method, which is applied to a quantum computing server. The method includes steps S101 to S104.

[0062] Step S101: Perform a preprocessing operation including a generation operation of quantum circuits.

[0063] Step S102: When the number of preprocessed quantum circuits is greater than a preset number, perform a splitting operation of the quantum circuits.

[0064] Step S103: Perform a merging operation of the measurement results.

[0065] Step S104: Perform a postprocessing operation including a data processing operation of the measurement results.

[0066] In some embodiments, in error mitigation calculation, the generated quantum circuits may include noise learning quantum circuits and error mitigation quantum circuits. The process of performing the preprocessing operation may include: performing a generation operation of the noise learning quantum circuits; and performing a generation operation of the error mitigation quantum circuits according to the noise learning calculation results obtained from the postprocessing operation. The process of performing the postprocessing operation may include: receiving the noise learning measurement results corresponding to the noise learning quantum circuits to perform a data processing operation of the noise learning measurement results to obtain the noise learning calculation results; and receiving the error mitigation measurement results corresponding to the error mitigation quantum circuits to perform a data processing operation of the error mitigation measurement results to obtain the error mitigation calculation results.

[0067] By performing the generation operation of the noise learning quantum circuit, obtaining the noise learning measurement result and the noise learning calculation result corresponding to the noise learning quantum circuit, relevant information about the noise in the quantum computing system can be effectively collected, which helps to accurately identify and understand the noise characteristics in the system, providing key data for subsequent error mitigation. Generating an error mitigation quantum circuit according to the noise learning calculation result can perform error mitigation operations more targeted. This customized error mitigation strategy based on actual noise data improves the accuracy and effectiveness of the mitigation effect. Combining noise learning with error mitigation can significantly improve the accuracy of the quantum computing result, effectively reduce the impact of noise on the computing result, and thus provide a more reliable computing output. Integrating the generation processes of the noise learning and error mitigation quantum circuits into the quantum computing server, the quantum computing server can support the execution of more complex quantum algorithms, including advanced quantum computing tasks that require fine noise processing and error mitigation, can utilize computing resources more effectively, and improve the overall computing efficiency.

[0068] See Figure 3 , Figure 3 is a structural block diagram of a quantum framework system provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0069] An embodiment of the present application further provides a quantum framework system, including an application terminal, a quantum computing server, a quantum operating system, and a quantum computing system.

[0070] The application terminal is configured to receive the type instruction and task information of the user, and obtain the task type corresponding to the type instruction; in the case that the task type is any one of the preset types, generate the first quantum circuit information corresponding to the task information; and receive the first calculation result from the quantum computing server. The quantum computing server is configured to receive the first quantum circuit information to perform a preprocessing operation including the generation operation of the quantum circuit; and receive the first measurement result from the quantum operating system to perform a postprocessing operation including the data processing operation of the first measurement result to obtain the first calculation result. The quantum operating system is configured to receive and compile the preprocessed quantum circuit to obtain the first quantum circuit instruction set; and receive the first measurement result from the quantum computing system. The quantum computing system is configured to receive and execute the first quantum circuit instruction set to obtain the first measurement result.

[0071] In some embodiments, the application side is further configured to generate second quantum circuit information corresponding to the task information when the task type is not a preset type; and receive a second calculation result from the quantum computing server side. The quantum operating system is further configured to receive and compile the second quantum circuit information to obtain a second quantum circuit instruction set; and receive a second measurement result from the quantum computing system. The quantum computing system is further configured to receive and execute the second quantum circuit instruction set to obtain a second measurement result.

[0072] In some embodiments, the preset type includes one or more of noise learning, error mitigation, expectation calculation, and quantum state tomography.

[0073] Embodiments of the present application do not limit the application side, which may be, for example, a cloud computing application side, a local application side, etc. Among them, the cloud computing application side may also be referred to as a cloud computing server side, and may include, for example, a user call layer, a cloud platform, etc. The user call layer may include, for example, an application layer, and the application layer provides a graphical user interface to receive the type instruction of the user, so as to enable the corresponding calculation method according to the task type specified by the user. The cloud platform is, for example, the Simons Cloud Platform, and may also be referred to as the Simons Cloud Service.

[0074] Embodiments of the present application do not limit the quantum computing system, which may include, for example, a measurement and control integrated machine and a quantum computing device, and the quantum computing device includes one or more of a quantum chip, a quantum computer, and a quantum computing simulation device. Among them, the measurement and control integrated machine is used to perform control operations and measurement operations on the quantum computing device. The quantum computer may be a local computer or a cloud computer, and the quantum computing simulation device may be, for example, a cluster simulation computing platform or a simulation computing end, and the simulation computing end may perform quantum computing simulation operations by creating virtual machines, for example.

[0075] That is to say, the quantum framework system supports two calculation methods, and the specific calculation method is determined by the type instruction input by the user. When the task type specified by the user is any one of the preset types (for example, noise learning, error mitigation, expectation calculation, quantum state tomography, etc.), the first calculation method is adopted, and when the task type specified by the user is not a preset type, the second calculation method is adopted.

[0076] In the first calculation method, the calculation is jointly executed by the application side, the quantum computing server side, the quantum operating system, and the quantum computing system. Specifically, the application side receives the task information of the user and generates the first quantum circuit information corresponding to the task information. The first quantum circuit information includes, for example, one or more quantum circuits. The quantum computing server side receives the first quantum circuit information and performs a preprocessing operation. The preprocessing operation includes the generation operation of the quantum circuit. For example, the quantum computing server side can expand the quantum circuits in the first quantum circuit information to generate more quantum circuits. After the preprocessing is completed, the quantum computing server side can use a sending function to transfer the preprocessed quantum circuit to the quantum operating system, and can also bind a callback function at the same time to facilitate the quantum computing server side to obtain the measurement result. The quantum operating system receives the preprocessed quantum circuit from the quantum computing server side and compiles the preprocessed quantum circuit to obtain the first quantum circuit instruction set. The quantum computing system receives and executes the first quantum circuit instruction set, and measures the qubits to obtain the first measurement result, completing the quantum calculation. After the calculation is completed, the quantum operating system receives the first measurement result and triggers the callback function, enabling the quantum computing server side to receive the first measurement result. The quantum computing server side performs a postprocessing operation. The postprocessing operation includes the data processing operation of the first measurement result, such as formatting the first measurement result and other data processing to obtain the first calculation result. The application side receives the first calculation result and completes the calculation task. Among them, the preprocessing operation and the postprocessing operation can be executed on the quantum computing server side, or on the quantum operating system, or some operations can be executed on the quantum computing server side and some operations can be executed on the quantum operating system. When the number of preprocessed quantum circuits is greater than the preset number, it also involves the splitting operation of the quantum circuit and the merging operation of the measurement result. Similar to the preprocessing operation and the postprocessing operation, the splitting operation and the merging operation can be executed on the quantum computing server side, or on the quantum operating system, or some operations can be executed on the quantum computing server side and some operations can be executed on the quantum operating system. That is, the quantum computing server side and the quantum operating system jointly execute all the preprocessing operations, postprocessing operations, splitting operations, and merging operations.

[0077] In the second calculation method, the application side, the quantum operating system, and the quantum computing system jointly execute the calculation. Specifically, the application side receives the task information of the user and generates second quantum circuit information corresponding to the task information. The second quantum circuit information includes, for example, one or more quantum circuits. The quantum operating system receives the second quantum circuit information and compiles the second quantum circuit information to obtain a second quantum circuit instruction set. The quantum computing system receives and executes the second quantum circuit instruction set, and measures the quantum bits to obtain a second measurement result, completing the quantum calculation. After the calculation is completed, the quantum operating system receives the second measurement result and performs data processing operations on the second measurement result, such as formatting the second measurement result and other data processing, to obtain a second calculation result. The application side receives the second calculation result and completes the calculation task.

[0078] In the above two calculation methods, the user can input a type instruction in the application side to determine the task type of the current calculation. In the case where the task type is a preset type, all the preprocessing operations, postprocessing operations, splitting operations, and merging operations can be jointly executed by the quantum computing server and the quantum operating system. If the task type specified by the user is a preset type and involves complex business logic, the first calculation method can be adopted. In the first calculation method, the quantum computing server and the quantum operating system jointly execute the preprocessing operations, postprocessing operations, splitting operations, and merging operations to handle complex business logic and large-scale quantum circuit processing requirements. If the task type specified by the user is not a preset type, the second calculation method can be adopted. The second calculation method corresponds to a non-preset type and does not require complex business logic, only simple calculations are needed. Therefore, the computing server can be bypassed, and only the application side, the quantum operating system, and the quantum computing system jointly execute the calculation.

[0079] The embodiments of this application do not limit the way for the user to input the type instruction. For example, it can be through a command-line interface, a graphical user interface, or API calls, etc. The quantum framework system can determine the task type through the type instruction input by the user, and then select the calculation method. This diverse calculation method provides higher flexibility and efficiency, facilitating the system to select a suitable calculation method according to the calculation requirements and resource limitations of different tasks.

[0080] It can be seen that in the embodiment of the present application, the business logic is decoupled from the kernel layer of the quantum operating system as the quantum computing server. After various preprocessings are performed on the quantum circuit at the quantum computing server, it is sent to the quantum operating system kernel, and the quantum operating system kernel only needs to perform ordinary Measure operations (i.e., measurement operations) without caring whether the current task is an expected calculation or an error mitigation calculation, etc. The embodiment of the present application simplifies the design of the quantum operating system kernel, facilitating maintenance; improves the stability of the quantum operating system kernel, minimizing the impact of crashes caused by bugs on subsequent tasks; improves the scalability of the quantum operating system services with minimal changes to the quantum operating system kernel code; and can delegate the computing service to other hosts, further enhancing the kernel processing ability of the quantum operating system.

[0081] See Figures 4 to 6 , Figure 4 is a schematic topological structure diagram of an undecoupled quantum framework system provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 is a schematic topological structure diagram of a decoupled quantum framework system provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 is Figure 5 a partial enlarged view of the quantum computing server in

[0082] Taking EMC (EM calculation) as an example, as Figure 4 shown, the EMC calculation is realized explicitly in the undecoupled quantum framework system.

[0083] Noise learning: The user inputs type instructions and task information at the user call layer. The quantum circuit information corresponding to the task information reaches the OSServer service of the quantum operating system kernel through the cloud platform and sys_call. The kernel first needs to call noise learning in the compilation service to generate a circuit script, expand the original circuit, generate and compile multiple noise learning quantum circuits, and send them to the backend service in batches, and then send them to the measurement and control integrated machine and wait for the noise learning measurement results. After obtaining the noise learning measurement results, the backend service can perform result merging and post-processing to obtain the noise learning calculation results. Among them, the measurement and control integrated machine can send the quantum circuit instruction set to a real quantum chip or a quantum computing simulation device, and perform quantum computing through the real quantum chip or the quantum computing simulation device to obtain the measurement results.

[0084] EM compute (Error Mitigation): The noise learning calculation results obtained by the kernel can generate circuit scripts for error mitigation in the backend service call, generating Qem (Error Mitigation) quantum circuits. Then, the error mitigation quantum circuits are compiled again and sent to the measurement and control integrated machine, waiting for the error mitigation measurement results. After the backend service merges the measurement results of all batches of the error mitigation quantum circuits and performs post-processing, the error mitigation calculation results are returned to the user.

[0085] It is assumed that the measurement and control integrated machine can receive at most 1000 quantum circuits in one task at a time. For example, if there are 1200 quantum circuits, they need to be split into two frames and sent to the measurement and control integrated machine. After obtaining all the measurement results of these two frames, the two frames of measurement results also need to be merged into a complete result. That is to say, the noise learning process and the error mitigation calculation process in the above text may involve the splitting and merging of circuits during the calculation.

[0086] The measurement operation is a basic function of the quantum operating system. However, in related technologies, for some business-level logics, the kernel of the quantum operating system also makes processing. These operations of generating noise learning quantum circuits and error mitigation quantum circuits, as well as the splitting operation of quantum circuits and the merging operation of measurement results do not belong to the calculation itself, but belong to business logics. These operations add many unstable characteristics to the quantum operating system. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application decouple the logics outside the core functions of the calculation and place the decoupled quantum computing server between the cloud platform and the sys_call layer to obtain a new topological structure of the decoupled quantum framework system, as Figure 5 shown. It can be seen that the compilation service and the general logic of the backend service in EMC are respectively incorporated into the compilation service and the backend service in the kernel of the quantum operating system, while the non-general business logics in EMC, including the generation of noise learning quantum circuits, the generation of error mitigation quantum circuits, the splitting of quantum circuits, and the merging of measurement results, are all liberated from the kernel of the quantum operating system and executed by the quantum computing server, as Figure 6 shown. For the kernel of the quantum operating system, its function is only to receive the existing quantum circuits, and there is no need to perform secondary processing on the quantum circuits in the kernel anymore, which greatly simplifies the design of the kernel and reduces the maintenance cost. It should be noted that the secondary processing here does not include the general logics of the compilation service and the backend service, and the general operations such as multi-control gate decomposition, circuit mapping, and circuit optimization corresponding to the general logics are still executed by the kernel.

[0087] See Figure 7 , Figure 7 which is a schematic diagram of the topological structure of a quantum framework system provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0088] As Figure 7As shown in the figure, the business layer is abstracted. Since this quantum framework system is applicable to task types such as EMC, expectation calculation, and QST fidelity calculation, EMC, expectation calculation, QST fidelity calculation, etc. can be regarded as a sub-module / function of the quantum computing server. Whether it is EMC, expectation calculation, or QST fidelity calculation, circuit generation operations need to be performed on the basis of the original circuit, and all of these can be placed in Figure 7 the "preprocessing" sub-module in Figure 7 . After all the preparation operations are ready, use "task splitting" to split the circuit to meet the kernel's limit on the number of batch circuits. "Result merging" is the restoration of "task splitting" and is the integration of measurement results. The final measurement result obtained is completed by "post-processing" to generate the final calculation result.

[0089] For the impact of high traffic, the load during kernel processing will be very high. At this time, if the business logic also occupies memory and CPU resources, it will surely affect the efficiency of pure calculation (and the compilation process attached to the calculation process). Among them, ZMQ can be used for communication between the cloud platform and the quantum computing server to transfer tasks from the cloud platform to the quantum computing server. Similarly, sys_call used for communication between the quantum computing server and the kernel can also be based on ZMQ. This means that the above two communication processes can use inter-process communication between the same host or cross-host communication, bringing flexibility to the deployment method. This flexibility allows the quantum computing server to be deployed to other hosts. Such a deployment method not only reduces the load on the kernel but also greatly improves its scalability, realizing collaborative computing of multiple hosts.

[0090] This quantum framework system simplifies the design of the quantum operating system kernel, facilitating maintenance; improves the running stability of the quantum operating system kernel; the business can be infinitely extended in the quantum computing server, facilitating the extension of the original computing service (such as EMC) logic, and new computing services such as QST and Expectation can also be added, and such an extension will not affect the original quantum operating system kernel; if there are bottlenecks in the host performance of the quantum operating system kernel, the computing service can be entrusted to other hosts, and different hosts can communicate through TCP, improving the ability of the quantum operating system kernel to handle a large number of tasks.

[0091] ZMQ communication is a communication method based on the ZeroMQ communication library. The ZeroMQ communication library is a multi-threaded network library based on message queues that abstracts the underlying details of socket types, connection handling, frames, and even routing, provides sockets across multiple transport protocols, and supports multiple communication environments (intra-process, cross-process, cross-host). ZeroMQ is a lightweight and fast messaging library with low latency and high throughput characteristics, thus enabling efficient communication performance. ZeroMQ can be used in a variety of operating systems and programming languages, thereby improving the cross-platform compatibility and portability of the system.

[0092] The embodiments of this application also provide a computer device, and its specific implementation manners are similar to those described in the above method embodiments and achieve similar technical effects, and some contents will not be elaborated here.

[0093] The computer device includes a memory and at least one processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the at least one processor is configured to execute the computer program to implement the steps of any of the above quantum computing service methods.

[0094] See Figure 8 , Figure 8 which is a structural block diagram of a computer device provided by the embodiments of this application.

[0095] The embodiments of this application do not limit the computer device, and it can be, for example, a local computer device, a cloud computer device, a distributed computer device, etc.

[0096] As Figure 6 shown, the computer device may include: a memory 110, a processor 120, and a communication interface 130. Among them, the memory 110, the processor 120, and the communication interface 130 are connected through an internal connection path.

[0097] The memory 110 is used to store a computer program. In some implementation manners, the computer program may include code for implementing the method of the embodiments of this application.

[0098] The processor 120 is used to execute the computer program stored in the memory 110 to control the communication interface 130 to receive input data and information and output operation result data, etc. In some implementation manners, when implementing the solution of the embodiments of this application through software or firmware, the computer program for implementing the solution of the embodiments of this application may be stored in the processor 120 and executed by the processor 120.

[0099] The memory 110 can be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or can include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory can be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory can be a random access memory (RAM). It should be noted that the memory 110 described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, any of these and other suitable types of memories. As an example, the memory 110 includes a random access memory (RAM), a cache memory, and a read-only memory (ROM). Among them, the memory 110 stores a computer program, and the computer program can be executed by the processor 120, so that the processor 120 implements the steps of any of the above methods.

[0100] The processor 120 can be a central processing unit (CPU), and the processor 120 can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or, the processor 120 can also be any conventional processor, etc.

[0101] In the implementation process, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuit in the hardware of the processor 120 or the instructions in the form of software. The method disclosed in combination with the embodiments of the present application can be directly embodied as being executed and completed by the hardware processor, or can be executed and completed by the combination of the hardware and software modules in the processor 120. The software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the art such as a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, etc. This storage medium is located in the memory 110, and the processor 120 reads the information in the memory 110 and combines its hardware to complete the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.

[0102] In some implementations, in addition to the hardware units described above, a computer device may further include software modules. Among them, software modules may be, for example, an operating system, a Basic Input Output System (BIOS), application software, etc.

[0103] The operating system is used to manage the hardware and / or software resources of a computer device and is the core and foundation of the computer device. The operating system needs to handle basic tasks such as managing and configuring memory, determining the priority order of system resource supply and demand, controlling input and output devices, operating the network, and managing the file system. To facilitate user operation, most operating systems provide a user interface for the user to interact with the system.

[0104] The BIOS is used to run hardware initialization during the power-on boot phase and provide runtime services for the operating system and application programs. In some implementations, the BIOS can also monitor the display processor temperature and perform functions such as adjusting the temperature protection strategy.

[0105] Application software, also known as an application program, can be understood as software written for a specific application purpose of the user and is one of the main classifications of computer software. For example, application software can be a program for achieving purposes such as power control and temperature management.

[0106] The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, and its specific implementation manners are similar to those described in the above method embodiments and the achieved technical effects. Some contents will not be elaborated again.

[0107] The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by at least one processor, it implements the steps of any one of the above quantum computing service methods or implements the functions of any one of the above computer devices.

[0108] The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, and its specific implementation manners are similar to those described in the above method embodiments and the achieved technical effects. Some contents will not be elaborated again.

[0109] The computer program product includes a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by at least one processor, it implements the steps of any one of the above methods or implements the functions of any one of the above computer devices.

[0110] A computer program product can be in the form of a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) and include program code, and can run on a terminal device such as a personal computer. However, the computer program product of this application is not limited to this, and the computer program product can adopt any combination of one or more computer-readable media.

[0111] In multiple embodiments of this specification, the user information or user account information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data for analysis, stored data, etc.) involved are all information and data that have been authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties. And the collection, use, and processing of relevant data need to comply with the relevant laws and regulations and standards of relevant countries and regions, and corresponding instruction entry points are provided for users to choose to authorize or reject.

[0112] It can be understood that the specific examples in this specification are only for helping those skilled in the art better understand the embodiments of this application, rather than limiting the protection scope of this application.

[0113] It can be understood that in various embodiments of this specification, the magnitudes of the sequence numbers of the various processes do not mean the order of execution. The order of execution of the various processes should be determined by their functions and internal logics, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of this application.

[0114] It can be understood that the various embodiments described in this specification can be implemented alone or in combination, and this application does not limit this.

[0115] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field of this specification. The terms used in this specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of this specification. The term "and / or" used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items. The singular forms of "a", "above", and "the" used in this specification and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0116] Those of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or by a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed in a hardware or software manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional technicians can use different methods for each specific application to implement the described functions, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of this specification.

[0117] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and conciseness of description, the specific working processes of the above-described embodiments can refer to the corresponding processes in other embodiments and will not be elaborated herein.

[0118] In several embodiments provided in this specification, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed couplings or direct couplings or communication connections to each other can be through some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections of devices or units can be in electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0119] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they can be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the technical solution of this application.

[0120] In addition, in each embodiment of this specification, the functional units can be integrated in a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit.

[0121] If the function is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this specification, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in each embodiment of this specification. The foregoing storage medium includes: USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), magnetic disks, or optical discs, etc., which can store program codes.

[0122] The above are only the specific embodiments of this specification, but the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this specification and should be covered by the protection scope of this specification. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A quantum computing server, characterized in that, The quantum computing server is configured to perform a preprocessing operation including a generation operation of a quantum circuit, and / or a postprocessing operation including a data processing operation of measurement results, so as to implement the joint execution of the preprocessing operation and the postprocessing operation by the quantum computing server and the quantum operating system.

2. The quantum computing server according to claim 1, wherein When the number of preprocessed quantum circuits is greater than a preset number, the quantum computing server is further configured to: perform a splitting operation of quantum circuits after performing the preprocessing operation; and / or, perform a merging operation of measurement results before performing the postprocessing operation.

3. The quantum computing server according to claim 1, wherein The generated quantum circuits include noise learning quantum circuits; or, The generated quantum circuits include noise learning quantum circuits and error mitigation quantum circuits; or, The generated quantum circuits include desired calculation quantum circuits; or, The generated quantum circuits include quantum state tomography quantum circuits.

4. A quantum computing service method, characterized in that, Applied to a quantum computing server, the method includes: performing a preprocessing operation including a generation operation of a quantum circuit, and / or a postprocessing operation including a data processing operation of measurement results, so as to implement the joint execution of the preprocessing operation and the postprocessing operation by the quantum computing server and the quantum operating system.

5. The quantum computing service method according to claim 4, wherein The method further includes: when the number of preprocessed quantum circuits is greater than a preset number: performing a splitting operation of quantum circuits after performing the preprocessing operation; and / or, performing a merging operation of measurement results before performing the postprocessing operation.

6. The quantum computing service method according to claim 4, wherein In error mitigation calculation, the generated quantum circuits include noise learning quantum circuits and error mitigation quantum circuits; The process of performing the preprocessing operation includes: performing a generation operation of the noise learning quantum circuits; and, according to the noise learning calculation results obtained from the postprocessing operation, performing a generation operation of the error mitigation quantum circuits; The process of performing the postprocessing operation includes: receiving the noise learning measurement results corresponding to the noise learning quantum circuits to perform a data processing operation of the noise learning measurement results to obtain the noise learning calculation results; and, receiving the error mitigation measurement results corresponding to the error mitigation quantum circuits to perform a data processing operation of the error mitigation measurement results to obtain error mitigation calculation results.

7. A quantum framework system, characterized in that, Including an application terminal, a quantum computing server, a quantum operating system, and a quantum computing system; The application terminal is configured to receive a type instruction and task information of a user to obtain a task type corresponding to the type instruction; When the task type is any one of the preset types, generating first quantum circuit information corresponding to the task information; and, receiving a first calculation result from the quantum computing server; The quantum computing server is configured to receive the first quantum circuit information to perform a preprocessing operation including a generation operation of a quantum circuit; and, receiving a first measurement result from the quantum operating system to perform a postprocessing operation including a data processing operation of the first measurement result to obtain a first calculation result; The quantum operating system is configured to receive and compile the preprocessed quantum circuits to obtain a first quantum circuit instruction set; And receiving a first measurement result from the quantum computing system; The quantum computing system is configured to receive and execute the first quantum circuit instruction set to obtain a first measurement result.

8. The quantum framework system according to claim 7, wherein The application side is further configured to generate second quantum circuit information corresponding to the task information when the task type is not a preset type; And receiving a second calculation result from the quantum computing server; The quantum operating system is further configured to receive and compile the second quantum circuit information to obtain a second quantum circuit instruction set; and receive a second measurement result from the quantum computing system; The quantum computing system is further configured to receive and execute the second quantum circuit instruction set to obtain a second measurement result.

9. The quantum framework system according to claim 7, wherein The preset type includes one or more of noise learning, error mitigation, expectation calculation, and quantum state tomography.

10. A computer device, characterized in that, The computer device includes a memory and at least one processor, the memory stores a computer program, and the at least one processor is configured to execute the computer program to implement the steps of the quantum computing service method according to any one of claims 4-6.

11. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by at least one processor, it implements the steps of the quantum computing service method according to any one of claims 4-6, or implements the functions of the computer device according to claim 10.

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