Outdoor photovoltaic support system based on inclination angle dynamic adjustment

Abstract

The invention discloses an outdoor photovoltaic support system based on inclination angle dynamic adjustment, and relates to the technical field of outdoor photovoltaic support angle adjustment, and the system specifically comprises a photovoltaic adjustment support, the top of the photovoltaic adjustment support is fixedly connected with a communicating pipe, the communicating pipe is sleeved with a top bracing frame, and the side wall of the photovoltaic adjustment support is rotatably connected with an electric push rod through a bearing. Rollers are mounted at the ends of the electric push rods; through the innovative design of double-shaft driving and deflection angle limitation and the combination of real-time monitoring, path planning and an intelligent control strategy of a calibration module, the problems of complex structure, frequent maintenance and insufficient stability in the prior art are solved while the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel is improved, and meanwhile, through the electric push rod and photovoltaic self-powered design, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel is improved. The energy consumption is further reduced, and the failure rate is remarkably reduced while the generating capacity gain is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of outdoor photovoltaic bracket angle adjustment, and specifically to an outdoor photovoltaic bracket system based on dynamic inclination angle adjustment. Background Art

[0002] The inclination angle adjustment technology of photovoltaic brackets is one of the core directions to improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. The current mainstream adjustment methods can be divided into fixed inclination angle brackets, single-axis tracking brackets, and dual-axis tracking brackets. However, the existing technologies still have significant deficiencies in aspects such as dynamic adjustment accuracy, structural stability, and operation and maintenance costs.

[0003] Attempts have been made to improve the tracking efficiency by optimizing the drive mode. For example, a polar-axis dual-axis drive is used to achieve full-angle tracking, but the contradiction between structural complexity and stability has not been solved. There is also a single-axis drive combined with an inclination angle sensor to achieve dynamic adjustment, but limited by one-dimensional tracking, it cannot fully cope with the change of the solar azimuth angle. Therefore, how to achieve efficient dual-axis angle adjustment through intelligent control while ensuring the operation stability of the bracket and reducing the maintenance cost has become a key problem in the current technical field of outdoor photovoltaic brackets; For example, the utility model patent with the publication number CN222802789U uses components such as mounting sleeves, support columns, drive shafts, and gears to adjust the angle of the bracket without power, with a certain emergency adjustment ability. However, its adjustment structure is relatively complex, and multiple components work together, increasing the probability of failure. Moreover, it also lacks the design of horizontal direction angle adjustment and cannot fully adapt to the change of the solar position. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an outdoor photovoltaic bracket system based on dynamic inclination angle adjustment to solve the problems mentioned in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An outdoor photovoltaic bracket system based on dynamic inclination angle adjustment, including a photovoltaic adjustment bracket. A connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the top of the photovoltaic adjustment bracket. A top support frame is sleeved on the connecting pipe. An electric push rod is rotatably connected to the side wall of the photovoltaic adjustment bracket through a bearing. A roller is installed at the end of the electric push rod, and the roller is in rolling connection with the hanging bracket at the bottom of the top support frame; A cantilever platform is movably connected to the top of the top support frame, a placement rack is sleeved and fixed on the cantilever platform, a guide wheel disc is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the connecting pipe, a control box is installed on the photovoltaic adjusting support frame, and the control box includes a real-time monitoring module, a path planning module, a positioning and steering module and a calibration module. The real-time monitoring module includes an inclination sensor and an irradiance sensor installed on both sides of the top support rod. A fixed monitoring period and the corresponding deflection angle of the placement rack are set, and the photovoltaic panel power generation power signal collected at the corresponding deflection angle of the placement rack at each time period within the monitoring period is obtained and sent to the path planning module; The path planning module is used for dynamically comparing, calculating and processing the photovoltaic panel power generation power signals collected at the corresponding deflection angles of the placement rack at each time period within the monitoring period, generating a series adjustment signal and sending it to the positioning and steering module. The positioning and steering module is used for adjusting the deflection direction of the guide wheel disc. The calibration module is used for obtaining and comparing the photovoltaic panel power generation power collected at the corresponding deflection angles of the placement rack at random time periods after the deflection of the guide wheel disc, and generating a feedback signal for correcting the deflection angle.

[0006] Furthermore, the dynamic comparison and calculation processing of the path planning module includes: Division of the monitoring period and the deflection angle of the placement rack. The monitoring period is divided into four time periods, and the duration of each time period is the same. Then, according to the solar position algorithm SPA of NREL, the longitude, latitude, time and altitude are input, the solar position for 24 hours is calculated, and a continuous and smooth path within the monitoring period is generated according to the predicted solar trajectory. The included angle with the horizontal plane is calculated from the smooth path and the coordinate connection line of the horizontal placement plate, and the complementary angle thereof is the deflection angle of the placement rack; Comparison of monitoring data with thresholds. The four time periods within the detection period are further divided into equal-duration intervals, the photovoltaic panel power generation power collected by the irradiance sensor at each time interval within the divided time period is obtained, a rectangular coordinate system is generated and the corresponding point positions are marked. The photovoltaic panel power generation power within each time interval collected when the deflection angle of the placement rack is 0° is compared with the photovoltaic panel power generation power at the corresponding point positions, with the middle two time periods as the reference objects, the difference is calculated, and the sum of the differences in the photovoltaic panel power generation power is compared with the deviation threshold. If it is less than or equal to the deviation threshold, a first-level adjustment signal is generated. If it is greater than the deviation threshold, a second-level adjustment signal is generated.

[0007] Furthermore, a steering ring is sleeved and fixed at the end of the cantilever platform, and a steering block is sleeved and slidably connected to the side wall of the steering ring.

[0008] Furthermore, limiting grooves are formed in the inner walls on both sides of the guide wheel disc, and the protrusions on the side wall of the steering block are abutted against the limiting grooves.

[0009] Further, a plurality of limiting sleeves are evenly and slidably connected to the inner wall channel of the connecting pipe on the extended side of the guiding wheel disc. A lead screw is installed in the connecting pipe, and one end of the lead screw penetrates through the limiting sleeve and is threadedly connected to the limiting sleeve. A motor is installed on the side of the control box and is connected to the lead screw.

[0010] Further, when the positioning and steering module receives a primary adjustment signal, it maintains the deflection angle of the placement rack. When the positioning and steering module receives a secondary adjustment signal, the motor on the control box drives the lead screw to rotate. When the limiting sleeve on the lead screw contacts the guiding wheel disc, it drives the guiding wheel disc to deflect.

[0011] Further, the method for the calibration module to correct the deflection angle is as follows: When the power generation power of the photovoltaic panel collected within the same time period after adjusting the deflection angle is greater than the power generation power of the photovoltaic panel without adjusting the deflection angle, a positive feedback signal is generated and sent to the directional steering module to keep the existing deflection angle unchanged. On the contrary, a negative feedback signal is generated, and the directional steering module controls the motor to drive the guiding wheel disc to rotate in the reverse direction and deflect in the reverse direction by twice the original deflection angle.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. In the present invention, through the dual-axis drive adjustment and the dynamic path planning module, the tracking of the sun's trajectory is realized. The path planning module divides the monitoring period into multiple time periods, generates adjustment signals through difference calculation and threshold comparison, ensures that the photovoltaic panel is always at the optimal inclination angle, and the feedback correction mechanism of the calibration module further optimizes the deflection angle, avoiding efficiency losses caused by environmental changes. Compared with traditional single-axis or fixed brackets, this system significantly improves the energy capture efficiency of the photovoltaic panel through dynamic adjustment and self-correction capabilities. Especially when the solar radiation is the strongest in the middle time period, the power generation power difference summation and threshold comparison mechanism effectively guarantees high-efficiency power generation; 2. In the present invention, a limit type dual-axis tracking design is adopted. Through the mechanical constraints of the guiding wheel disc and the limiting groove, and the synchronous movement of the lead screw driving the limiting sleeve, the excessive deflection of the photovoltaic panel is restricted, avoiding the need for frequent lubrication and additional counterweights. The sliding connection structure of the cantilever platform and the steering ring simplifies the transmission mechanism and reduces the mechanical complexity. In addition, the modular design of the control box realizes automatic control and reduces manual intervention. Compared with the traditional polar axis type dual-axis system, sacrificing some steering freedom in exchange for higher structural stability, and at the same time, through the electric push rod and photovoltaic self-power supply design, further reducing energy consumption and maintenance costs, while ensuring power generation gain, the failure rate is significantly reduced, and the long-term operation economy is better. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the outdoor photovoltaic bracket combined structure based on the dynamic adjustment of the inclination angle of the present invention; Figure 2Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the outdoor photovoltaic bracket based on dynamic inclination adjustment of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the top support frame sleeved on the connecting pipe of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the limit sleeve sleeved on the lead screw in the connecting pipe of the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the movement of the steering block when the top support frame rotates in the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the steering block at the bottom of the steering ring in the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure in which the steering block drives the steering ring to rotate when the guide wheel disc deflects in the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the limit sleeve in the connecting pipe of the present invention.

[0014] In the figure: 1. Photovoltaic adjustment bracket; 2. Electric push rod; 3. Top support frame; 4. Cantilever platform; 5. Placing rack; 6. Control box; 7. Connecting pipe; 8. Lead screw; 9. Limit sleeve; 10. Guide wheel disc; 11. Limit groove; 12. Steering ring; 13. Steering block. Detailed implementation mode

[0015] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0016] Please refer to Figure 1-8 , the present invention provides a technical solution: Embodiment 1: The coverage area of the photovoltaic bracket adjustment system driven by a single axis is limited. The photovoltaic panel rotates around a single horizontal axis, east-west direction, to adjust the inclination angle. It is most common to set the electric push rod 2 or the stepper motor to drive. However, the present invention adopts a dual-axis drive, and the photovoltaic panel rotates around two orthogonal axes, adjusting the horizontal and vertical directions at the same time to achieve full-angle tracking. However, different from the axial adjustment with high degrees of freedom, the present invention limits the deflection angle, without the need to frequently lubricate the bearings or set additional weights and locking mechanisms, sacrificing part of the steering freedom to enhance the stability of the bracket operation, and at the same time ensuring that the power generation gain is greater than that of the traditional single-axis tracking; As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the photovoltaic adjustment brackets 1 are horizontally connected through the connecting pipe 7, and a control box 6 is arranged at the head of the photovoltaic adjustment bracket 1 to realize the overall control of the single-disk photovoltaic adjustment bracket 1; The deflection angle is relatively common. An electric push rod 2 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the photovoltaic adjustment bracket 1. Using the power generation of the photovoltaic system itself, the electric push rod 2 is driven without additional energy supply. The top of the photovoltaic adjustment bracket 1 is rotatably connected to a top support frame 3. The end of the electric push rod 2 is equipped with a roller that is in rolling connection with the bottom of the top support frame 3. The telescopic control of the electric push rod 2 makes the top support frame 3 rotate on the connecting pipe 7, realizing the control of the deflection angle of the top support frame 3; An overhanging platform 4 is movably connected to the top of the top support frame 3. A steering ring 12 is sleeved and fixed at the end of the overhanging platform 4. The placement rack 5 for fixing the photovoltaic panel is installed on the overhanging platform 4 and moves synchronously with the rotation and position adjustment of the overhanging platform 4 for adjusting the rotation angle of the central axis of the overhanging platform 4; As Figure 3 shown, a steering block 13 is clamped and slid at the bottom of the steering ring 12 at its end. A guide wheel disc 10 is arranged on the connecting pipe and between the corresponding photovoltaic adjustment brackets 1. The guide wheel disc 10 is not sleeved on the connecting pipe but has a space from the guide wheel disc 10. The guide wheel disc 10 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the connecting pipe 7. Therefore, with the connecting pipe 7 fixed, the guide wheel disc 10 can swing left and right on the connecting pipe 7. Limiting grooves 11 are opened on the inner walls on both sides of the guide wheel disc 10; As Figure 6 shown, the outer protrusion of the steering block 13 is clamped with the inner wall groove of the guide wheel disc 10. As the top support frame 3 rotates, as Figure 5 shown, at this time, the steering block 13 on the top support frame 3 abuts and rotates with the inner limiting groove 11 of the guide wheel disc 10. When the entire guide wheel disc 10 rotates and deflects, as Figure 7 shown, at this time, the steering block 13 moves downward and is constrained by the guide wheel disc 10 to drive the entire steering ring 12 to deflect, thus realizing the rotation of the placement rack 5 on the entire overhanging platform 4 and completing the angle deflection of the photovoltaic module on the placement board; For the fixed deflection angle of the guide wheel disc 10, as Figure 8 shown, the inner wall cylinder at the bottom of the guide turntable enters from the bottom through groove of the connecting pipe 7 and is clamped with the limiting sleeve 9 sleeved on the lead screw 8. As the motor in the control box 6 rotates, the rotating lead screw 8 drives multiple groups of limiting sleeves 9 to move synchronously. After contacting the guide turntable, it drives the whole to deflect, thus realizing the adjustment of the placement angle of the entire guide turntable. The higher the movement towards the top of the guide turntable, the greater the deflection angle of the entire steering ring 12, and then it gradually decreases; While driving the top support frame 3 to flip through the electric push rod 2, the placement rack 5 on the rotating arm platform is automatically deflected at multiple angles. There is no need to install a driving mechanism anymore. The structure is simple and stable, with low cost and no need for additional counterweight locking, while improving the overall power generation of the photovoltaic panel.

[0017] Embodiment 2: Since the guide wheel disc 10 on the photovoltaic adjustment bracket 1 restricts the follow-up movement of the photovoltaic panel on the placement rack 5 along the rotation trajectory of the sun, compared with the traditional polar-axis dual-axis drive tracking, its own tracking trajectory is relatively fixed, sacrificing some steering flexibility to improve the overall stability of the bracket. At the same time, the movement trajectory of the photovoltaic panel is limited within a short time, avoiding the problem of increased maintenance frequency caused by frequent angle adjustment of the bracket; For the entire limit-type dual-axis tracking adjustment, it comes with a deflection trajectory positioning system with maximum benefits. A control box 6 is installed on the side of the photovoltaic adjustment bracket 1. The control box 6 includes a real-time monitoring module, a path planning module, a positioning and steering module, and a calibration module; The real-time monitoring module includes inclination sensors and irradiance sensors installed on both sides of the top support rod. At the initial stage of the movement of the photovoltaic panel, a fixed monitoring period and the corresponding deflection angle of the placement rack 5 are set, and the photovoltaic panel power generation signal collected at the corresponding deflection angle of the placement rack 5 in each time period within the monitoring period is sent to the path planning module; Regarding the division of the monitoring period and the deflection angle of the placement rack 5, the monitoring period is artificially divided into four time periods, usually 12 hours of monitoring during the day, which can be adjusted according to different regions. Each time period has the same duration, that is, a single time period is 3 hours. Then, according to the Solar Position Algorithm SPA of NREL, inputting longitude, latitude, time, and altitude, calculate the solar position for 24 hours, generate a continuous smooth path within the monitoring period according to the predicted solar trajectory, and then calculate the angle with the horizontal plane based on the connection line between the smooth path and the coordinates of the horizontal placement board. Its complementary angle is the deflection angle of the placement rack 5; The path planning module is used to perform dynamic comparison calculation and processing on the photovoltaic panel power generation signals collected at the corresponding deflection angles of the placement rack 5 in each time period within the monitoring period, generate a series adjustment signal and send it to the positioning and steering module, and then divide the four time periods within the detection period into equal time intervals, usually 10 - 15 minutes; Obtain the photovoltaic panel power generation collected by the irradiance sensors at each time interval within the divided time period. The abscissa is the equal time interval, and the ordinate is the corresponding photovoltaic panel power generation. Compare the photovoltaic panel power generation within each time interval collected when the deflection angle of the placement rack 5 is 0° with the photovoltaic panel power generation at the corresponding point, that is, the photovoltaic panel power generation under the perfect condition of rotating vertically around the sun. This curve is above each collection point; To perform the optimal adjustment of the photovoltaic panel deflection angle, take the middle two time periods within the four time periods as the specific comparison objects, calculate the difference in the photovoltaic panel power generation collected at the same time interval, sum the differences in the photovoltaic panel power generation, and compare it with the deviation threshold. If it is less than or equal to the deviation threshold, generate a first-level adjustment signal. If it is greater than the deviation threshold, generate a second-level adjustment signal; When the positioning steering module receives the first-level adjustment signal, it maintains the deflection angle of the placement rack 5, indicating that the movement trajectory of the photovoltaic panel formed by the constraint of the guide wheel disc 10 at this time meets the trajectory tracking standard, and there is no need to adjust the position of the guide wheel disc 10. When receiving the second-level adjustment signal, the motor on the control box 6 drives the lead screw 8 to rotate. While the limit sleeve 9 on the lead screw 8 contacts the guide wheel disc 10, it drives the guide wheel disc 10 to deflect. At this time, the deflection direction is not fixed, so the calibration module needs to correct the deflection angle; That is, compare the power generation power of the photovoltaic panel after adjustment with that before adjustment. If the power generation power of the photovoltaic panel collected within the same time period after adjusting the deflection angle is greater than that of the photovoltaic panel with the unadjusted deflection angle, a positive feedback signal is generated and sent to the directional steering module to keep the existing deflection angle unchanged. On the contrary, a negative feedback signal is generated, and the directional steering module controls the motor to drive the guide wheel disc 10 to rotate in the reverse direction and deflect in the reverse direction by twice the original deflection angle; The guide wheel disc 10 swings to limit the tracking trajectory and deflection angle of the photovoltaic panel on the placement rack 5, providing the most stable and efficient light energy collection path. Although it cannot be as flexible and comprehensive as the polar-axis type in terms of the biaxial deflection angle, the overall deflection adjustment is simple, the structure is stable, and the power generation power of the photovoltaic panel is significantly improved compared with the fixed bracket or single-axis tracking, and the operation is more stable.

[0018] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the present invention to only the specific implementation manners. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. These embodiments are selected and specifically described in this specification to better explain the principle and practical application of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art in the relevant technical field can understand and utilize the present invention well. The present invention is only limited by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. An outdoor photovoltaic support system based on dynamic inclination angle adjustment, comprising a photovoltaic adjustment support (1), characterized in that, A connecting pipe (7) is fixedly connected to the top of the photovoltaic adjusting bracket (1). A top support frame (3) is sleeved on the connecting pipe (7). An electric push rod (2) is rotatably connected to the side wall of the photovoltaic adjusting bracket (1) through a bearing. A roller is installed at the end of the electric push rod (2), and the roller is in rolling connection with a hanging bracket at the bottom of the top support frame (3). A cantilever platform (4) is movably connected to the top of the top support frame (3). A placement rack (5) is sleeved and fixed on the cantilever platform (4). A guiding wheel disc (10) is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the connecting pipe (7). A control box (6) is installed on the photovoltaic adjusting bracket (1). The control box (6) includes a real-time monitoring module, a path planning module, a positioning and steering module, and a calibration module. The real-time monitoring module includes an inclination sensor and an irradiance sensor installed on both sides of the top support frame (3). A fixed monitoring period and the corresponding deflection angle of the placement rack (5) are set, and the photovoltaic panel power generation signal collected at the corresponding deflection angle of the placement rack (5) in each time period within the monitoring period is obtained and sent to the path planning module. The path planning module is used for dynamic comparison, calculation and processing of the photovoltaic panel power generation signals collected at the corresponding deflection angles of the placement rack (5) in each time period within the monitoring period, and generates a series adjustment signal and sends it to the positioning and steering module. The positioning and steering module is used for adjusting the deflection direction of the guiding wheel disc (10). The calibration module is used for obtaining and comparing the photovoltaic panel power generation at the corresponding deflection angle of the placement rack (5) in a random time period after the guiding wheel disc (10) deflects, and generates a feedback signal for correcting the deflection angle.

2. The outdoor photovoltaic bracket system based on dynamic inclination angle adjustment according to claim 1, wherein The dynamic comparison, calculation and processing of the path planning module includes: Division of the monitoring period and the deflection angle of the placement rack (5). The monitoring period is divided into four time periods, each time period has the same duration. Then, according to the solar position algorithm SPA of NREL, the longitude, latitude, time and altitude are input to calculate the solar position in 24 hours. A continuous and smooth path within the monitoring period is generated according to the predicted solar trajectory. The included angle with the horizontal plane is calculated based on the smooth path and the coordinate connection line of the horizontal placement plate, and its complementary angle is the deflection angle of the placement rack (5). Comparison of monitoring data with thresholds. The four time periods within the detection period are further divided into equal-duration intervals. The photovoltaic panel power generation collected by the irradiance sensor at each time interval within the divided time period is obtained, a rectangular coordinate system is generated and the corresponding point positions are marked. The photovoltaic panel power generation within each time interval collected when the deflection angle of the placement rack (5) is 0° is compared with the photovoltaic panel power generation at the corresponding point positions. Taking the middle two time periods as reference objects, the difference is calculated, and the sum of the photovoltaic panel power generation differences is compared with the deviation threshold. If it is less than or equal to the deviation threshold, a first-level adjustment signal is generated. If it is greater than the deviation threshold, a second-level adjustment signal is generated.

3. The outdoor photovoltaic support system based on dynamic inclination angle adjustment according to claim 2, characterized in that, A steering ring (12) is sleeved and fixed at the end of the cantilever platform (4). A steering block (13) is sleeved and slidably connected to the side wall of the steering ring (12).

4. The outdoor photovoltaic support system based on dynamic inclination angle adjustment according to claim 3, wherein, Limiting grooves (11) are provided on the inner walls on both sides of the guiding wheel disc (10). The protrusions on the side wall of the steering block (13) are abutted against the limiting grooves (11).

5. The outdoor photovoltaic support system based on dynamic inclination angle adjustment according to claim 4, characterized in that, On the inner wall groove of the connecting pipe (7) and on the extension side of the guide wheel disc (10), a limiting sleeve (9) is evenly and slidably connected. A lead screw (8) is installed in the connecting pipe (7), and one end of the lead screw (8) penetrates through the limiting sleeve (9) and is threadedly connected to the limiting sleeve (9). A motor is installed on the side of the control box (6) and is connected to the lead screw (8).

6. The outdoor photovoltaic support system based on dynamic inclination adjustment according to claim 1, wherein When the positioning and steering module receives a primary adjustment signal, it maintains the deflection angle of the placement rack (5). When the positioning and steering module receives a secondary adjustment signal, the motor on the control box (6) drives the lead screw (8) to rotate. When the limiting sleeve (9) on the lead screw (8) contacts the guide wheel disc (10), it drives the guide wheel disc (10) to deflect simultaneously.

7. The outdoor photovoltaic support system based on dynamic inclination adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that The method for the calibration module to correct the deflection angle is as follows: When the power generation power of the photovoltaic panel collected within the same time period after adjusting the deflection angle is greater than that of the photovoltaic panel without adjusting the deflection angle, a positive feedback signal is generated and sent to the directional steering module to keep the existing deflection angle unchanged. On the contrary, a negative feedback signal is generated, and the directional steering module controls the motor to drive the guide wheel disc (10) to rotate in the reverse direction and deflect in the reverse direction by twice the original deflection angle.

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