Facility cucumber secondary salinization restoration method using pine bud shells to return to field

Abstract

The invention discloses a facility cucumber secondary salinization restoration method using loose bud shells to return to the field. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, pulling seedlings and cleaning a garden; step 2, soil disinfection; step 3, crushing the pine bud shells, and then returning the organic material to the field: material treatment: crushing the pine bud shells, applying the crushed pine bud shells as the returning organic material, and applying chicken manure; 4, deep plowing and deep ploughing; 5, base fertilizer application; step 6, ridging and field planting; step 7, management after field planting: water regulation: adopting a drip irrigation system, irrigating for multiple times in a small amount, and topdressing; and step 8, harvesting. In greenhouse soil with secondary salinization obstacles (the EC value is larger than 0.8), smashed pine bud shells are independently used, or the smashed pine bud shells and smashed bagasse are mixed and then subjected to organic material returning to the field; the fertility of the soil is ensured to the maximum extent while the soil acidification is relieved and the salinization risk is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of planting and horticulture, and specifically relates to a method for repairing secondary salinization of greenhouse cucumbers by returning pine cone husks to the field. Background Art

[0002] As the core component of protected agriculture, the area of protected vegetables in China has reached more than 35 million mu at present, playing a huge role in solving the year-round balanced supply of vegetables and promoting farmers' income increase. Although China's protected horticulture industry has achieved great achievements in the past 30 years, it still faces many problems in aspects such as facility structure, supporting equipment, environmental control, production management, and water, fertilizer, medicine, and soil. In particular, the semi-closed environment in the facility causes the soil to lack rain leaching for a long time, with high temperature, high humidity, and poor ventilation. Coupled with the characteristics of high intensification, high multiple cropping index, and large fertilizer input in protected cultivation, problems such as nutrient accumulation and imbalance in the soil, secondary salinization of the soil, and soil acidification frequently occur. Soil obstacles have become the bottleneck restricting the production of protected vegetables, seriously restricting their sustainable production. Therefore, finding scientific and green technologies for repairing protected soil is the key to ensuring the sustainable use of protected agricultural soil and the high-yield, high-quality, and safe production of protected vegetables.

[0003] Secondary salinization of the soil is a common technical problem in protected cultivation. Secondary salinization of the soil for protected vegetables refers to the increase in the salt content of the protected soil, especially the increase in nitrate content, during the production process of protected vegetable crops due to factors such as unreasonable fertilizer use, improper cultivation management measures, and rising groundwater, resulting in the growth and development of cultivated vegetable crops being inhibited and the yield and quality being reduced.

[0004] The research results of the applicant in Midu County, Yunnan Province show that the secondary salinization of the soil in greenhouse cucumber fields seriously restricts the sustainable production of cucumbers in greenhouse vegetable fields and is one of the main factors leading to soil obstacles. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method of returning agricultural waste (pine cone husks, bagasse) with local characteristics to the field to solve the problem of severe secondary salinization of the soil for greenhouse cucumbers in Yunnan Province, construct a soil repair technology and green production model with local characteristics for greenhouse cucumbers, and finally establish an integrated technical model for repairing secondary salinization of protected agricultural soil mainly based on greenhouse cucumbers, providing technical support for the green and efficient production of greenhouse cucumbers. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the background art, the present invention provides a method for repairing secondary salinization of greenhouse cucumbers by returning pine cone husks to the field. The technical solution includes:

[0006] Step 1: Pull out the vines and clean the garden;

[0007] Step 2: Disinfect the soil;

[0008] Step 3: Loosen and crush the bract husks, and then return the organic materials to the field:

[0009] Material treatment: Crush the bract husks of pineapples and apply them as organic materials for returning to the field.

[0010] Apply chicken manure in combination;

[0011] Step 4: Deep plow and till deeply;

[0012] Step 5: Apply basal fertilizer;

[0013] Step 6: Ridge and transplant;

[0014] Step 7: Management after transplanting:

[0015] Water regulation: Adopt a drip irrigation system and irrigate in small amounts but multiple times.

[0016] Topdress;

[0017] Step 8: Carry out the harvest.

[0018] In Step 3, crush the bagasse and use it together with the crushed bract husks of pineapples as organic materials for returning to the field.

[0019] The ratio of bagasse to bract husks of pineapples is 1:1.

[0020] The application rate of the organic materials for returning to the field is 3 tons per mu.

[0021] The said Step 2 includes: Chemically disinfect with metam-sodium and cover with film to seal the shed for 7 - 10 days.

[0022] The application of chicken manure in Step 3 is as follows: Add 200 kg of decomposed chicken manure per mu, evenly spread it and then deeply plow it into the 20 - 30 cm soil layer together with the organic materials to promote decomposition.

[0023] The said Step 4 includes: Conduct deep plowing 3 times within 1 month before transplanting, combined with irrigating to leach salts, ensuring the soil is loose and the salts move downward;

[0024] The said Step 5 includes: 7 days before transplanting, spread compound fertilizer per mu and turn it into the 0 - 30 cm soil layer to avoid salt damage caused by concentrated fertilizer;

[0025] The said Step 6 includes: Adopt ridge cultivation with a ridge height of 20 - 25 cm and cover with black plastic film.

[0026] Topdressing includes: During the growth period, topdress amino acid or fulvic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 5 - 8 kg per mu per time, to relieve salt stress and promote root development.

[0027] After harvesting cucumbers in Step 8, conduct detection.

[0028] The said Step 1 selects severely secondary salinized greenhouse rooms with 7-year continuous cucumber cropping.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0030] 1. In facility soil with secondary salinization obstacles (EC value greater than 0.8), crushed pine cone husks are used alone, or crushed pine cone husks are mixed with crushed sugarcane bagasse and then returned to the field as organic materials; while alleviating soil acidification and reducing the risk of salinization, the soil fertility is guaranteed to the greatest extent.

[0031] 2. A comprehensive and in-depth planting, research and detection of the obstacle soil conditions of facility vegetables has been carried out. Innovatively, Yunnan characteristic agricultural organic wastes, such as pine cone husks and sugarcane bagasse, are used as the core raw materials; the EC value of the soil in the demonstration area has been reduced by 30%-50%, and the average yield of crops has increased by more than 8.4%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for repairing secondary salinization of greenhouse cucumbers using pine cone husks returned to the field according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a comparison chart of cucumber yields in each embodiment;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a comparison chart of soluble sugar contents in each embodiment;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a comparison chart of cucumber plant heights in each embodiment;

[0036] Figure 5 It is a comparison chart of soil pH values in each embodiment;

[0037] Figure 6 It is a comparison chart of soil EC values in each embodiment;

[0038] Figure 7 It is a comparison chart of soil total carbon in each embodiment;

[0039] Figure 8 It is a comparison chart of soil total nitrogen in each embodiment;

[0040] Figure 9 It is a comparison chart of soil C / N indices in each embodiment;

[0041] Figure 10 It is a comparison chart of soil total phosphorus in each embodiment;

[0042] Figure 11 It is a comparison chart of soil total potassium in each embodiment;

[0043] Figure 12 It is a comparison chart of Chao indices in each embodiment;

[0044] Figure 13 Distribution comparison chart of soil bacterial community structure for each embodiment. Detailed implementation manners

[0045] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] As Figure 1 shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the general situation of the test plot in the embodiment is as follows: The test was carried out in the High - quality Agricultural Industry Incubation and Demonstration Base in Midu County, Yunnan Province. A severely secondary salinized greenhouse with 7 - year continuous cucumber cropping (soil EC value 2 - 3 mS / cm) was selected. This greenhouse adopted a two - crop cucumber planting mode per year. Spring crop: Transplanting in mid - January and pulling out the plants in mid - June; Autumn crop: Transplanting in mid - July and pulling out the plants at the beginning of December.

[0047] The method for planting facility cucumbers using pine cone husks as organic material residues and simultaneously carrying out secondary salinization remediation includes:

[0048] Step 1. Pull out the plants and clean the garden:

[0049] After the previous crop of cucumbers is pulled out, thoroughly remove the residual plants, diseased leaves and weeds to reduce the residues of pathogenic bacteria, eggs and salts.

[0050] Step 2. Soil disinfection

[0051] Aiming at the serious problem of soil - borne diseases, metam - sodium (30 kg / mu) is used for chemical disinfection, and the film is covered to seal the greenhouse for 7 - 10 days to effectively reduce the harmful biological load in the soil.

[0052] Step 3. Crush the pine cone husks, and then return the organic materials to the field alone or in combination with crushed bagasse

[0053] Material treatment: Crush the pine cone husks and bagasse to 3 - 5 cm and apply them according to the following plan:

[0054] Single - application treatment group: Single application of pine cone husks (SK, 3 tons / mu)

[0055] Mixed - application treatment group: Mixed application of pine cone husks and bagasse (G + S, where the ratio of bagasse to pine cone husks is 1:1, specifically 1.5 tons / mu of bagasse + 1.5 tons / mu of pine cone husks)

[0056] Control group 1: No organic material return to the field (CK)

[0057] Control group 2: Single application of bagasse (GZ, 3 tons / mu)

[0058] Application of chicken manure: All treatments are added with decomposed chicken manure (200 kg / mu), evenly spread and deeply plowed into the soil at 20 - 30 cm together with the organic materials to promote decomposition.

[0059] Step 4: Deep plowing and subsoiling

[0060] Three deep plowings (30 cm) are carried out within 1 month before planting, combined with irrigation to leach salts, ensuring soil looseness and downward movement of salts.

[0061] Step 5: Application of base fertilizer

[0062] Seven days before planting, compound fertilizer (Sakfuf 16:16:16, 80 kg) is evenly spread per mu and incorporated into the 0 - 30 cm soil layer to avoid salt damage caused by concentrated fertilizer.

[0063] Step 6: Ridging and planting

[0064] High - ridging cultivation (ridge height 20 - 25 cm) is adopted, covered with black plastic film to inhibit evaporation and salt return, and increase soil temperature.

[0065] Step 7: Management after planting

[0066] Water regulation: Drip irrigation system is adopted for irrigation in small amounts but multiple times;

[0067] Topdressing: During the growth period, amino acid or fulvic acid water - soluble fertilizer is topdressed (5 - 8 kg / mu / time) to relieve salt stress and promote root development.

[0068] Step 8: Harvesting and detection

[0069] After harvesting cucumbers, detection is carried out, and the detection results are divided into:

[0070] Both the single - application treatment group (SK) and the mixed - application treatment group (G + S) are better than control group 1 (CK) and control group 2 (GZ). And the better detection results of SK are: cucumber yield, soluble sugar content, cucumber plant height, soil total carbon content, soil total nitrogen content (G + S is slightly lower than GZ), soil EC value (the closer to 800 from below, the better), soil total phosphorus and soil total potassium;

[0071] Both the single - application treatment group (SK) and the mixed - application treatment group (G + S) are better than control group 1 (CK) and control group 2 (GZ). And the better detection results of G + S are: soil pH value, soil C / N and Chao index.

[0072] The specific detection results are as follows:

[0073] Such as Figures 2 to 4The effects of returning organic material residues to the field on various indicators of cucumbers are shown. It can be seen that the quality of cucumber yield will increase significantly. Compared with the CK treatment, the yields of the GZ, SK, and G+S treatments increased by 1.86%, 8.14%, and 3.87% respectively. Among them, the SK treatment had the highest yield, increasing by 4.11% - 8.14% compared with other treatments. At the same time, returning organic material residues to the field also improved the quality of cucumbers in terms of soluble sugar content and nitrate content. Compared with the CK treatment, the SK treatment and the G+S treatment increased the soluble sugar content by 2.16% and 0.96% respectively. Returning organic material residues to the field also promoted the growth and development of cucumber plants. During the entire measurement period, the plant heights of the GZ, SK, and G+S treatments were all higher than those of the CK treatment, and the SK treatment had a significant increase. These results indicate that returning organic materials to the field effectively improved the fruit nutritional quality while increasing the yield.

[0074] As Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown in the soil pH and EC test results, returning organic material residues to the field significantly increased the soil pH value and decreased the soil EC value. Compared with the CK treatment, the soil pH values of the GZ, SK, and G+S treatments increased by 0.49, 0.59, and 0.74 respectively, but there was no significant difference among the organic material treatments. Compared with 1086 of the CK treatment, the soil EC values of the GZ, SK, and G+S treatments were 472, 751, and 568 respectively, decreasing by 56.54%, 30.85%, and 47.70% respectively. Among them, the soil EC value of the SK treatment was closest to the boundary value of 800 for secondary salinization, indicating that the SK treatment not only reduced the salinization risk but also ensured the soil fertility.

[0075] As Figures 7 to 9 shown in the soil total carbon, total nitrogen content, and C / N test results, returning organic material residues to the field increased the soil total carbon and total nitrogen content. Compared with the CK treatment, the soil total carbon contents of the GZ, SK, and G+S treatments increased by 12.40%, 20.16%, and 14.90% respectively. Among them, the soil total carbon content of the SK treatment was the highest, but there was no significant difference between the GZ and G+S treatments. At the same time, the bagasse and pine cone shell treatments increased the soil total nitrogen content. Compared with the CK treatment, the soil total nitrogen contents of the GZ, SK, and G+S treatments increased by 9.08%, 15.43%, and 7.25% respectively. Among them, the soil total nitrogen content of the SK treatment was the highest. Returning organic material residues to the field also increased the soil C / N. The soil C / N of the GZ, SK, and G+S treatments increased by 2.98%, 4.06%, and 7.09% respectively compared with the CK treatment. It shows that the decomposition of organic matter promoted the co-transformation of carbon and nitrogen, which is beneficial to the improvement of soil fertility.

[0076] As Figure 10 and Figure 11As shown in the detection results of total phosphorus and total potassium contents in the soil, the return of organic material residues to the field had no significant effect on the total phosphorus and total potassium contents in the soil. Compared with the CK treatment, the total phosphorus content in the soil of the SK and G+S treatments increased slightly, but there was no significant difference among the treatments. The total potassium content in the soil of the SK treatment was significantly higher than that of the CK and GZ treatments, and the total potassium content in the SK treatment increased by 9.38% compared with the CK treatment.

[0077] As Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown in the detection results of bacterial diversity, composition and differential microorganisms, the return of organic material residues to the field increased the richness and diversity of soil bacteria. Compared with the CK treatment, the Chao indices of the GZ, SK and G+S treatments increased by 2.49%, 5.42% and 8.10%, respectively. At the same time, compared with the CK treatment, the soil bacterial community structures of the GZ, SK and G+S treatments were significantly different, and there were also significant differences in the soil bacterial community structures between the GZ and SK treatments.

Claims

1. A method for repairing secondary salinization of greenhouse cucumber using pine cone husks returned to the field, characterized in that, Including: Step 1: Pull out the plants and clean the garden; Step 2: Disinfect the soil; Step 3: Crush the pine cone husks and then return the organic materials to the field: Material treatment: Crush the pine cone husks and apply them as the organic materials for returning to the field, Apply chicken manure in combination; Step 4: Deep plow and till deeply; Step 5: Apply base fertilizer; Step 6: Ridge and plant; Step 7: Management after planting: Water regulation: Adopt a drip irrigation system and irrigate in small amounts but multiple times, Topdress; Step 8: Harvest.

2. A method for repairing secondary salinization of greenhouse cucumber using pine cone husks returned to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 3, crush the bagasse and use it together with the crushed pine cone husks as the organic materials for returning to the field.

3. A method for repairing secondary salinization of greenhouse cucumber using pine cone husks returned to the field according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ratio of bagasse to pine cone husks is 1:

1.

4. A method for repairing secondary salinization of greenhouse cucumber using pine cone husks returned to the field according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The application rate of the organic materials for returning to the field is 3 tons per mu.

5. A method for restoring secondary salinization of greenhouse cucumber using pine cone husks returned to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The said Step 2 includes: Chemically disinfect with metam-sodium and cover the film to seal the shed for 7 - 10 days.

6. A method for repairing secondary salinization of greenhouse cucumber using pine cone husk returned to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application of chicken manure in combination in the said Step 3 is: Add 200 kg of decomposed chicken manure per mu, evenly spread it and then deeply plow it into the organic materials to a depth of 20 - 30 cm to promote decomposition.

7. A method for repairing secondary salinization of greenhouse cucumber using pine cone husks returned to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The said Step 4 includes: Conduct deep plowing 3 times within 1 month before planting, combined with irrigating to leach salts, to ensure the soil is loose and the salts move downward; The said Step 5 includes: 7 days before planting, spread compound fertilizer per mu and turn it into the 0 - 30 cm soil layer to avoid salt damage caused by concentrated fertilizer; The said Step 6 includes: Adopt ridge cultivation with a ridge height of 20 - 25 cm and cover with black plastic film.

8. A method for restoring secondary salinization of greenhouse cucumber using pine cone husk returned to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that, Topdressing includes: During the growth period, topdress amino acid or fulvic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 5 - 8 kg per mu per time, to relieve salt stress and promote root development.

9. A method for repairing secondary salinization of greenhouse cucumber using pine cone husk returned to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that, After harvesting cucumbers in Step 8, conduct detection.

10. A method for repairing secondary salinization of greenhouse cucumber using pine cone husk returning to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The said Step 1 selects severely secondary salinized greenhouses with 7 consecutive years of cucumber cropping.

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