Efficient sweet cherry breeding method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of breeding, and particularly relates to an efficient breeding method for sweet cherries. According to the method, the cherry trees are protected through the isolation shed, the self-fruitful variety is selected, and efficient breeding of the sweet cherries is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of breeding, and particularly relates to an efficient breeding method for sweet cherries. Background Art

[0002] Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is an important economic fruit tree, and its breeding technology has always been a hot topic in agricultural research. At present, the breeding methods of sweet cherries mainly include traditional breeding, molecular breeding, biotechnology breeding and mutagenesis breeding.

[0003] Traditional breeding methods mainly include cross-breeding and seedling selection. Cross-breeding selects excellent parents for hybridization and screens out offspring with excellent traits. Seedling selection is to select excellent individuals from natural seedlings for reproduction. However, traditional breeding methods have the following defects:

[0004] Long cycle: It takes a long time from hybridization to the stability of the variety. Low efficiency: It depends on phenotypic selection, and the screening efficiency is low.

[0005] Molecular breeding methods include marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS). Marker-assisted selection uses molecular markers to screen individuals with target traits, while genomic selection screens excellent individuals through a whole-genome prediction model. However, molecular breeding methods have the following defects: High cost: The cost of molecular marker development and genome sequencing is relatively high. Technologically complex: Professional technology and equipment support are required.

[0006] Biotechnology breeding methods include gene editing (CRISPR / Cas9) and transgenic technology. Gene editing uses gene editing technology to directionally improve target traits, while transgenic technology is to introduce foreign genes into the sweet cherry genome to obtain new traits. However, biotechnology breeding methods have the following defects: Regulatory restrictions: Genetically modified and gene-edited crops face strict regulatory restrictions. Low public acceptance: The public acceptance of genetically modified crops is relatively low. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides an efficient breeding method for sweet cherries, including the following steps:

[0008] (1) Seed selection: Select two sweet cherry varieties with different S genotypes and plant them adjacent to each other;

[0009] (2) Construction of a hybridization isolation shed: Build a hybridization isolation shed outside the sweet cherry tree to be hybridized; Cover the isolation material when the flower buds enter the early flowering stage, and remove the isolation material in time after the flowering period ends and replace it with an isolation net;

[0010] (3) Pollination: Use bees to assist in pollination;

[0011] (4) Hybrid variety treatment: For hybrid varieties with a female parent fruit growth period within 50 days, embryo rescue is carried out. The fruits are collected during the fruit color-changing period, placed in test tubes, and promoted to fully develop and germinate into seedlings. For hybrid varieties with a female parent fruit growth period over 50 days, the fruits can be harvested when mature, and then subjected to cold storage and hormone treatment to promote their germination into seedlings.

[0012] Further, the hybrid isolation shed described in step (2) is 4 - 6 meters long, 3 - 4 meters wide, and 4 meters high.

[0013] Further, the time for covering the isolation material in step (2) is 7 - 10 days.

[0014] Further, the isolation material described in step (2) is a 350 - mesh nylon net.

[0015] Further, the method of bee-assisted pollination in step (3) is to place a box of bees in the isolation shed during the flowering period for pollination.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: By combining the method of self-pollination and hybrid isolation shed, the breeding efficiency of sweet cherries is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 The breeding site diagram in the embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] The various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. Unless otherwise specified, the methods in the embodiments are all conventional methods, and the reagents, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional commercially available reagents or reagents prepared by conventional methods. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics, and implementation schemes of the present invention.

[0020] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments and are not used to limit the present invention. Additionally, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0021] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Although this invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of this invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to those documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0022] Without departing from the scope or spirit of this invention, various improvements and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the specification of this invention, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments obtained from the specification of this invention are obvious to those skilled in the art. The specification and examples of this invention are merely exemplary.

[0023] Regarding the use of "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. herein, they are all open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] Breeding steps:

[0026] 1 Selection of sweet cherry varieties: Select two sweet cherry varieties with different S genotypes and plant them adjacent to each other. They can be planted in the ground or in pots.

[0027] 2 Construction of the hybridization isolation shed: Build a hybridization isolation shed outside the sweet cherry trees to be hybridized.

[0028] (1) The steel frame is movable (the base is connected to the ground anchor with a sleeve), and the shed size can be adjusted according to the size of the tree body, with a length of 4 - 6 meters, a width of 3 - 4 meters, and a height of 4 meters.

[0029] (2) Covering material for the isolation shed: Select 350 - mesh nylon net. On the one hand, external cherry pollen will not invade the shed, and on the other hand, it can ensure air circulation inside the shed and control the appropriate temperature.

[0030] (3) Covering time of the isolation material: Cover the isolation material when the flower buds enter the early flowering stage for 7 - 10 days, and remove the isolation material in time after the flowering period ends and replace it with an isolation net.

[0031] 3 Pollination: Use bees for assisted pollination. Place a box of bees inside the isolation shed during the flowering period for pollination.

[0032] 4 Hybrid Seed Treatment: For hybrids with a female parent fruit growth period of within 50 days, embryo rescue should be carried out. Collect the fruits at the fruit color-changing stage, place them in test tubes, promote their full development, and germinate into seedlings. For hybrids with a female parent fruit growth period of over 50 days, the fruits can be harvested when mature, refrigerated, and treated with hormones to promote their germination into seedlings.

[0033] 5 Cultivation and Management of Hybrid Seedlings

[0034] 6 Seed Selection.

[0035] (1) For the selection of self-fruitful varieties, the leaves of the seedlings can be collected at the seedling stage for molecular marker detection to determine whether they are self-fruitful varieties.

[0036] For the selection of varieties with excellent fruit quality, conventional breeding methods can be used for selection.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] In 2023, two adjacent sweet cherry varieties, Stella and Hongdeng, were selected. A pollination isolation shed with a length of 4 meters, a width of 3 meters, and a height of 4 meters was built. In early April, at the initial flowering stage, a 350-mesh nylon net was covered for isolation, and a box of bees was placed for assisted pollination. Ten days later, the nylon net was removed and replaced with an ordinary isolation net with a 1-cm aperture. In late May, the color-changing fruits were collected for embryo rescue, and artificial assistance was provided to promote the full development and germination of the hybrid seeds into seedlings. 2,452 hybrid fruits and 2,206 hybrid seeds of Stella and Hongdeng were obtained.

[0039] The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient breeding method for sweet cherries, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Seed selection: Select two sweet cherry varieties with different S genotypes and plant them adjacent to each other; (2) Construction of hybridization isolation shed: Build a hybridization isolation shed outside the sweet cherry trees to be hybridized; Cover the isolation material when the flower buds enter the early flowering stage, and remove the isolation material in time after the flowering period ends and replace it with an isolation net; (3) Pollination: Use bees for assisted pollination; (4) Treatment of hybrid seeds: For hybrid seeds with a maternal fruit growth period of less than 50 days, conduct embryo rescue. Collect the fruits at the fruit color-changing stage, put them into test tubes, promote their complete development, and germinate into seedlings; For hybrid seeds with a maternal fruit growth period of more than 50 days, the fruits can be harvested when they are mature, and refrigerated and treated with hormones to promote their germination into seedlings.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the hybridization isolation shed is 4 - 6 meters long, 3 - 4 meters wide, and 4 meters high.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the time for covering the isolation material is 7 - 10 days.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the isolation material is a 350-mesh nylon net.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step (3), the method of using bees for assisted pollination is to place a box of bees in the isolation shed during the flowering period for pollination.

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