Feed for reducing feed conversion ratio and liver index of weever and preparation method thereof

Abstract

According to the feed for reducing the feed conversion ratio and the liver body index of the weever and the preparation method of the feed, the boettcherisca peregrina pupa powder is used for replacing fish meal, the growth state of the weever is changed without influencing the survival rate of the weever, the feed conversion ratio and the liver body index of the obtained finished weever are remarkably reduced, and the obtained weever is higher in nutritive value and meat quality and better in taste. The feeding cost is lower, and harmless circulation of protein in an ecological chain can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of breeding, and particularly relates to a feed for reducing the feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index of perch and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the global aquaculture industry, perch, as a farmed fish with high nutritional value, has an increasing market demand year by year and has become a fish variety with high economic value. However, in the traditional farming mode, perch feed often focuses on rapidly increasing weight by increasing the content of fish meal to quickly reach the market, so as to reduce the farming time and obtain objective value returns. However, this method will result in a relatively high proportion of protein and fat in the finished fish, leading to excessive intake of nutrients or unbalanced nutrient components in the fish, thus reducing the feed conversion efficiency of perch, with a relatively high feed conversion ratio (FCR). At the same time, due to the unscientific feed formula or unbalanced nutrient components, it may also lead to an increased burden on the perch liver, resulting in fat deposition in the perch liver and a relatively high hepatosomatic index (HSI). Furthermore, it may cause health problems such as metabolic disorders and fatty liver, reducing the disease resistance and survival rate of the fish and increasing the farming cost. During the perch farming process, the feed cost accounts for about 50% to 70% of the total farming cost. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new feed with a new component combination to change the low feed conversion rate of traditional farming, reduce the feed cost, and improve the farming efficiency.

[0003] Meat and bone meal in traditional feed has a relatively high protein content and can indeed partially replace fish meal in aquaculture feed in some feeds, but there are some limiting factors, such as: due to different sources, its quality varies greatly; the content of essential amino acids is relatively low; there is a risk of transmitting pathogens such as mad cow disease. The so-called essential amino acids are those that organisms cannot synthesize by themselves and must be ingested through food. For fish, the essential amino acids are: arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine; for chickens, the essential amino acids are: methionine, lysine, isoleucine, tryptophan, threonine, phenylalanine, valine, leucine. In addition, for chicks, there are also histidine, arginine, glycine, cystine, and tyrosine; especially for perch, its required protein components are higher, so the requirements for feed raw materials as protein sources are more stringent. The present invention plans to find better substitutes for protein sources, which are cheap and easily available, have a higher protein content, meet the current farming protein demand, and will not affect the edibility of the feed after canceling the addition of fish meal. More importantly, it will not disrupt normal farming, such as survival and growth, and solve the problem of the quality of fish grown under traditional farming schemes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides a feed for reducing the feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index of bass.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A feed for reducing the feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index of bass, by weight, comprises the following components:

[0007] 10-15 parts of meat and bone meal, 12-16 parts of soybean meal, 5-7 parts of gluten meal, 5-8 parts of wheat bran, 3-5 parts of cottonseed cake meal, 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2-0.5 parts of choline chloride, 1.5-2.0 parts of vitamin and mineral mixture, 2-4 parts of starch, 40-60 parts of sarcophaga peregrina pupa powder.

[0008] The meat and bone meal is the meat and bone meal after completely removing high-risk tissues such as brain, spinal cord and eyes.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solutions, the defects existing in general meat and bone meal are avoided, and the safety and reliability of raw materials are ensured; the sarcophaga peregrina pupa powder selected to replace fish meal is from maggots transformed from pig manure. Such maggots can reduce the environmental pollution caused by pig manure while converting the residual nutrients in pig manure into insect protein, which is a good resource cycle; sarcophaga peregrina larvae can not only quickly process pig manure in about 4 days, that is to say, the protein accumulation of sarcophaga peregrina larvae is fast and the cost is low. Compared with the general way of obtaining fish meal, it is more convenient and easier to obtain; and the obtained maggot pupa powder has a higher protein content and a balanced amino acid composition, which can meet the protein source for aquaculture or livestock and poultry breeding.

[0010] Preferably, the sarcophaga peregrina pupa powder comprises the following preparation method:

[0011] S1. Spread poultry manure in the wild environment as bait to trap flies, and screen the manure piles with a considerable amount of fly catch for further laboratory subculture. Compare the survival rate of fly larvae, substrate degradation rate, and nutritional composition of larvae and pupae in the manure piles under laboratory conditions, and finally select sarcophaga peregrina larvae;

[0012] S2. Raise sarcophaga peregrina larvae with poultry manure at 25 °C until pupation;

[0013] S3. After the sarcophaga peregrina larvae pupate, separate them from the culture medium and wash them with clean water;

[0014] S4. Place the washed sarcophaga peregrina pupae on absorbent cloth, remove the moisture on the surface of the pupae and dry them in an oven;

[0015] S5. Take out the dried pupae in step S2, place them in a crusher for crushing to obtain the sarcophaga peregrina pupa powder.

[0016] Preferably, the aperture of the sieve for the dried and pulverized Musca sorbens pupae powder in step S3 is 100 mesh.

[0017] Preferably, the temperature for drying the pupae in step S2 is 60 - 80 °C.

[0018] Preferably, the number of cleaning times in step S1 is 5 - 10 times.

[0019] Adopting the above technical solution, the survival rate, substrate degradation rate, and nutritional composition of larvae and pupae of the obtained Musca sorbens pupae powder have obvious quality advantages compared with other flies that feed on poultry manure. It has a high protein content and has the advantage of replacing fish meal in the feed.

[0020] Preferably, the minerals in the mixture include KCl, KI, CoCl2·6H2O, CuSO4·5H2O, FeSO4·H2O, ZnSO4·H2O, MnSO4·H2O, Na2SeO3·5H2O, MgSO4·H2O, zeolite powder; the vitamins in the mixture include vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 , vitamin K3, vitamin H, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin C,, inositol, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid 5.

[0021] Preferably, the mixture contains 200 mg of KCl, 60 mg of KI, 50 mg of CoCl2·6H2O, 30 mg of CuSO4·5H2O30mg, 400 mg of FeSO4·H2O, 400 mg of ZnSO4·H2O, 150 mg of MnSO4·H2O, 65 mg of Na2SeO3·5H2O, 2000 mg of MgSO4·H2O, 3645.85 mg of zeolite powder, 12 mg of vitamin B112mg, 12 mg of vitamin B212mg, 8 mg of vitamin B68mg, vitamin B 12 0.05 mg, 8 mg of vitamin K3, 100 mg of inositol, 40 mg of pantothenic acid, 50 mg of niacin, 5 mg of folic acid, 0.8 mg of vitamin H, 25 mg of vitamin A, 5 mg of vitamin D35mg, 50 mg of vitamin E, 100 mg of vitamin C, 150 mg of ethoxyquin, and the balance is an acceptable carrier required for preparing the feed.

[0022] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the feed, comprising the following steps:

[0023] 1) Respectively pulverize and sieve meat and bone meal, gluten meal, wheat bran, cottonseed cake meal, calcium hydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, vitamin and mineral mixture, starch, and Musca sorbens pupae. The sieve mesh specification is 80 - 100 mesh. After sieving, mix the components in a mixing box and then at m组分 :m 水 Add purified water in a ratio of 2:1, and fully stir and mix the materials and water to obtain a premix;

[0024] 2) Put the premix in step 1) into a granulator to make uniformly sized particles;

[0025] 3) Use an oven to dry the particles prepared in step 2), control the drying temperature at 60 - 80 °C, and stop drying when the moisture content of the feed particles is measured to be less than 5% to obtain the feed.

[0026] Preferably, the size of the particles in step 2) is 1 - 5 mm

[0027] The present invention also discloses the application of a feed for reducing the feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index of perch in the feeding of poultry.

[0028] Advantages of the present invention:

[0029] 1) Reduce costs. Since the source of the sarcophagid fly pupae powder, the maggots, can be obtained by converting pig manure, the cost is relatively low; the obtained sarcophagid fly pupae powder has a high protein content, can meet the growth requirements of perch, and the essential amino acids are balanced. Such a protein source enables the perch to grow more evenly and gain weight at a uniform speed. Therefore, the hepatosomatic index of perch can be reduced, and the risk of fat accumulation in the perch liver and getting fatty liver can be reduced;

[0030] 2) Harmless recycling of proteins in the ecological chain, resulting in better-quality perch meat;

[0031] 3) After the feed is put into feeding, the mortality rate of perch is basically 0, that is, the modified feed does not affect the normal growth of fish. Description of the Drawings

[0032] Figure 1 Schematic diagrams of the ash, crude fat, and crude protein contents of each feed;

[0033] Figure 2 Schematic diagrams of the feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index;

[0034] Figure 3 Schematic diagrams of the activities of gastric lipase and intestinal lipase;

[0035] Figure 4 Schematic diagrams of the ash, crude fat, and crude protein contents of perch fed with the feed of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0036] The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments, but it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The components involved in the following embodiments are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0037] Experimental method:

[0038] ① Select 240 juvenile largemouth bass with a body weight of 1 - 2 g, randomly divide them into four groups, with 3 replicates in each group and 20 juvenile largemouth bass in each replicate. Raise them in a 50 - L glass fish tank, feed them at 8:00 am and 6:00 pm every day until all fish stop eating, and record the feeding amount; clean the feces in the fish tank and replace about 10 L of aerated water 2 hours after feeding; conduct feeding at room temperature, with a preliminary test period of 10 d and a formal test period of 80 d. After the test, weigh the total body weight of the fish in each tank; randomly select 10 fish from each of the three replicates in each group, weigh them and then dissect them, take out the liver and weigh the liver weight. Use the statistical software SPSS 27.0 to analyze and statistically process the experimental data.

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] The specific composition of the feed in this example is as follows: meat and bone meal 13.2 parts, soybean meal 15.3 parts, wheat gluten meal 6.8 parts, wheat bran 7.4 parts, cottonseed cake meal 3 parts, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1 part, choline chloride 0.2 part, vitamin and mineral mixture 1.5 parts, starch 2 parts, Sarcophaga peregrina pupa powder 49.6 parts.

[0041] The specific composition of the vitamin and mineral mixture is per kilogram containing: KCl 200 mg; KI 60 mg; CoCl 2· 6H2O 50 mg; CuSO4·5H2O 30 mg; FeSO4·H2O 400 mg; ZnSO4·H2O 400 mg; MnSO4·H2O 150 mg; Na2SeO3·5H2O 65 mg; MgSO4·H2O 2000 mg; zeolite powder 3645.85 mg; vitamin B1 12 mg; vitamin B2 12 mg; vitamin B6 8 mg; vitamin B 12 0.05 mg; vitamin K3 8 mg; inositol 100 mg; pantothenic acid 40 mg; niacin 50 mg; folic acid 5 mg; vitamin H 0.8 mg; vitamin A 25 mg; vitamin D3 5 mg; vitamin E 50 mg; vitamin C 100 mg; ethoxyquin 150 mg; the balance is an acceptable carrier required for preparing the feed.

[0042] It is prepared according to the following method:

[0043] 1) Crush and sieve the meat and bone meal, wheat gluten meal, wheat bran, cottonseed cake meal, calcium hydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, vitamin and mineral mixture, starch, and Sarcophaga peregrina pupa through a sieve with a mesh size of 100 mesh. After sieving, mix the components in a mixing box and then at m 组分 :m 水Add pure water in a ratio of 2:1, and stir the ingredients and water thoroughly to obtain a premix;

[0044] 2) Put the premix in step 1) into a granulator to make uniformly sized granules;

[0045] 3) Use an oven to dry the granules prepared in step 2). Control the drying temperature at 60 °C. Stop drying when the moisture content of the feed granules is measured to be less than 5% to obtain the feed.

[0046] The size of the granules in step 2) is 3 mm.

[0047] Example 2:

[0048] The specific composition of the feed in this example is as follows: meat and bone meal 10.2 parts, soybean meal 12.3 parts, gluten meal 5.2 parts, wheat bran 5.5 parts, cottonseed cake meal 3 parts, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.8 part, choline chloride 0.2 part, vitamin and mineral mixture 1.5 parts, starch 2 parts, Sarcophaga peregrina pupae powder 59.3 parts.

[0049] Except that in step 1) of the preparation method, the sieve mesh specification for sieving is 80 mesh; in step 2), the size of the granules is 5 mm; in step 3), the drying temperature is controlled at 80 °C; the rest of the unchanged conditions will not be elaborated.

[0050] Example 3:

[0051] The specific composition of the feed in this example is as follows: meat and bone meal 14.8 parts, soybean meal 15.9 parts, gluten meal 6.5 parts, wheat bran 7.6 parts, cottonseed cake meal 5 parts, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.2 parts, choline chloride 0.5 part, vitamin and mineral mixture 1.8 parts, starch 4 parts, Sarcophaga peregrina pupae powder 42.7 parts.

[0052] Except that in step 1) of the preparation method, the sieve mesh specification for sieving is 90 mesh; in step 2), the size of the granules is 1 mm; in step 3), the drying temperature is controlled at 70 °C; the rest of the unchanged conditions will not be elaborated.

[0053] Comparative Example 1:

[0054] The specific composition of the feed in this example is as follows: fish meal 43.0 parts, meat and bone meal 13.2 parts, soybean meal 15.3 parts, gluten meal 6.8 parts, wheat bran 7.7 parts, fish oil 6.3 parts, cottonseed cake meal 3 parts, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1 part, choline chloride 0.2 part, vitamin and mineral mixture 1.5 parts, starch 2 parts.

[0055] The specific composition of the vitamin and mineral mixture is per kilogram: KCl 200 mg; KI 60 mg; CoCl 2·6H2O 50 mg; CuSO4·5H2O 30 mg; FeSO4·H2O 400 mg; ZnSO4·H2O 400 mg; MnSO4·H2O 150 mg; Na2SeO3·5H2O 65 mg; MgSO4·H2O 2000 mg; zeolite powder 3645.85 mg; vitamin B1 12 mg; vitamin B2 12 mg; vitamin B6 8 mg; vitamin B 12 0.05 mg; vitamin K3 8 mg; inositol 100 mg; pantothenic acid 40 mg; niacin 50 mg; folic acid 5 mg; vitamin H 0.8 mg; vitamin A 25 mg; vitamin D3 5 mg; vitamin E 50 mg; vitamin C 100 mg; ethoxyquin 150 mg; the balance is carrier.

[0056] The preparation method steps are the same as those in Example 1 and will not be elaborated.

[0057] Comparative Example 2:

[0058] The specific composition of the feed in this example is as follows: fish meal 21.5 parts, meat and bone meal 13.2 parts, soybean meal 15.3 parts, wheat gluten meal 6.8 parts, wheat bran 7 parts, cottonseed cake meal 3 parts, fish oil 5 parts, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1 part, choline chloride 0.2 part, vitamin and mineral mixture 1.5 parts, starch 2 parts, Sarcophaga peregrina pupae powder 23.5 parts.

[0059] The specific components of the vitamin and mineral mixture are per kilogram containing: KCl 200 mg; KI 60 mg; CoCl 2· 6H2O 50 mg; CuSO4·5H2O 30 mg; FeSO4·H2O 400 mg; ZnSO4·H2O 400 mg; MnSO4·H2O 150 mg; Na2SeO3·5H2O 65 mg; MgSO4·H2O 2000 mg; zeolite powder 3645.85 mg; vitamin B1 12 mg; vitamin B2 12 mg; vitamin B6 8 mg; vitamin B 12 0.05 mg; vitamin K3 8 mg; inositol 100 mg; pantothenic acid 40 mg; niacin 50 mg; folic acid 5 mg; vitamin H 0.8 mg; vitamin A 25 mg; vitamin D3 5 mg; vitamin E 50 mg; vitamin C 100 mg; ethoxyquin 150 mg; the balance is carrier.

[0060] The preparation method steps are the same as those in Comparative Example 1 and will not be elaborated.

[0061] Comparative Example 3:

[0062] The specific composition of the feed in this example is as follows: 15.3 parts of soybean meal, 6.8 parts of gluten meal, 5 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 1 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2 part of choline chloride, 1.5 parts of vitamin and mineral mixture, 2 parts of starch, and 65.2 parts of Sarcophaga peregrina pupa powder.

[0063] The specific components of the vitamin and mineral mixture are as follows per kilogram: 200 mg of KCl; 60 mg of KI; 50 mg of CoCl 2· 6H2O; 30 mg of CuSO4·5H2O; 400 mg of FeSO4·H2O; 400 mg of ZnSO4·H2O; 150 mg of MnSO4·H2O; 65 mg of Na2SeO3·5H2O; 2000 mg of MgSO4·H2O; 3645.85 mg of zeolite powder; 12 mg of vitamin B1; 12 mg of vitamin B2; 8 mg of vitamin B6; 0.05 mg of vitamin B 12 0; 8 mg of vitamin K3; 100 mg of inositol; 40 mg of pantothenic acid; 50 mg of niacin; 5 mg of folic acid; 0.8 mg of vitamin H; 25 mg of vitamin A; 5 mg of vitamin D3; 50 mg of vitamin E; 100 mg of vitamin C; 150 mg of ethoxyquin; and the balance is carrier.

[0064] For the crude protein, crude fat, and ash contents of the feeds in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3, see the appendix Figure 1 . The feed-to-meat ratio, hepatosomatic index, liver fat content, and visceral index were characterized according to Experimental Method ①, and the test results are shown in the appendix Figure 2 .

[0065] From the data in the appendix Figure 1 it can be seen that there were no significant differences in the crude protein, crude fat, and ash contents of the feeds in each group. From the appendix Figure 2 it can be seen that there were no significant differences in the feed-to-meat ratio and hepatosomatic index between Comparative Examples 1 and 2; however, the feed-to-meat ratio and hepatosomatic index in Examples and Comparative Example 3 were significantly lower than those in Comparative Example 1. The above results indicate that Examples and Comparative Example 3 can significantly reduce the feed-to-meat ratio and hepatosomatic index during the cultivation of perch. From the appendix Figure 3 it can be seen that the activities of gastric lipase and intestinal lipase in the examples were significantly lower than those in Comparative Example 1.

Claims

1. A feed for reducing the feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index of bass, characterized in that, By weight, it comprises the following components: 10-15 parts of meat and bone meal, 12-16 parts of soybean meal, 5-7 parts of gluten meal, 5-8 parts of wheat bran, 3-5 parts of cottonseed cake meal, 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2-0.5 parts of choline chloride, 1.5-2.0 parts of vitamin and mineral mixture, 2-4 parts of starch, 40-60 parts of sarcophaga peregrina pupae powder.

2. The feed for reducing the feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index of bass according to claim 1, wherein The sarcophaga peregrina pupae powder comprises the following preparation method: S1. Use a trapping cage with fresh poultry manure as bait and place it in the wild environment to trap flies. Screen the manure piles with a considerable amount of trapped flies. Under laboratory conditions, screen and compare the survival rate of fly larvae, substrate degradation rate, and nutritional composition indexes of larvae and pupae in poultry manure. Finally, select sarcophaga peregrina larvae. S2. Raise sarcophaga peregrina larvae with poultry manure at 25 °C until pupation. S3. After the sarcophaga peregrina larvae pupate, separate them from the culture medium and wash them with clean water. S4. Place the washed sarcophaga peregrina pupae on absorbent cloth, remove the moisture on the surface of the pupae, and then dry them in an oven. S5. Take out the dried pupae in step S2, place them in a pulverizer and pulverize them to obtain the sarcophaga peregrina pupae powder.

3. A feed for reducing the feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index of perch, characterized in that, The minerals in the mixture include KCl, KI, CoCl2·6H2O, CuSO4·5H2O, FeSO4·H2O, ZnSO4·H2O, MnSO4·H2O, Na2SeO3·5H2O, MgSO4·H2O, zeolite powder; the vitamins in the mixture include vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 , vitamin K3, vitamin H, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin C, inositol, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid.

4. A feed for reducing the feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index of perch, characterized in that The mixture contains 200 mg of KCl, 60 mg of KI, 50 mg of CoCl₂·6H₂O, 30 mg of CuSO₄·5H₂O, 400 mg of FeSO₄·H₂O, 400 mg of ZnSO₄·H₂O, 150 mg of MnSO₄·H₂O, 65 mg of Na₂SeO₃·5H₂O, 2000 mg of MgSO₄·H₂O, 3645.85 mg of zeolite powder, 12 mg of vitamin B1, 12 mg of vitamin B2, 8 mg of vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 0.05 mg, 8 mg of vitamin K3, 100 mg of inositol, 40 mg of pantothenic acid, 50 mg of niacin, 5 mg of folic acid, 0.8 mg of vitamin H, 25 mg of vitamin A, 5 mg of vitamin D3, 50 mg of vitamin E, 100 mg of vitamin C, 150 mg of ethoxyquin, and the balance is an acceptable carrier required for preparing the feed.

5. A feed for reducing the feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index of perch according to claim 2, characterized in that, The aperture of the sieve for the dried and pulverized sarcophaga peregrina pupae powder in step S3 is 100 mesh.

6. The feed for reducing the feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index of sea bass according to claim 5, wherein The drying temperature of the pupae in step S2 is 60-80 °C.

7. A feed for reducing the feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index of perch according to claim 6, characterized in that, The number of washing times in step S1 is 5-10 times.

8. A method for preparing a feed for reducing the feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index of sea bass as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: 1) Crush and sieve meat and bone meal, gluten meal, wheat bran, cottonseed meal, calcium hydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, vitamin and mineral mixture, starch, and brown-tailed sarcophagus pupa respectively, with the mesh size of 80-100 mesh, mix the sieved components in a mixing box and mix them at m 组分 :m 水 Add purified water in a ratio of 2:1, and fully stir and mix the material and water to obtain a premix; 2) Put the premix in step 1) into a granulator to make uniformly sized particles. 3) Use an oven to dry the particles prepared in step 2). Control the drying temperature at 60-80 °C. Stop drying when the moisture content of the feed particles is measured to be less than 5% to obtain the feed.

9. The preparation method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The size of the particles in step 2) is 1-5 mm.

10. Application of a feed for reducing the feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index of perch in poultry feeding.

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