Detachable mortise and tenon structure tool and application and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bogie assembly, in particular to a detachable mortise and tenon structure tool and application and a using method thereof. The overall structure comprises a cross beam supporting part, the two sides of the cross beam supporting part are each provided with a side frame supporting part, the cross beam supporting part is connected with the side frame supporting parts on the two sides through connecting parts, the mortise and tenon structure design is adopted, the stability is good, the assembling precision is high, and it is ensured that the planeness of a reference plane can be controlled within 1 mm in the using process; a positioning datum line is engraved on the plane of the tool, so that the length difference of central diagonal lines of the four guide frame seats can be controlled within 1.5 mm, and meanwhile, the central symmetry and the parallelism are also ensured; the assembling precision of the mortise and tenon structure is high, so that the machining workload of the tool is saved, and the manufacturing cost of the tool is reduced; the tool adopts a detachable structural design, so that the storage and arrangement space of the tool is greatly saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to, in particular to, a detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling, an application thereof and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an important part of train operation, bogies are related to train driving safety. With the continuous progress of modern manufacturing industry, welded bogies are gradually replacing cast bogies, which puts higher requirements on assembly process. In the context of railway operation speeding up, the assembly quality of bogies is particularly important.

[0003] We have always used simple butt joints, lap joints, T-joints, etc. to connect sheet steel structures. These connection methods are inseparable from manual marking, support platforms, process supports, and the use of many other auxiliary tools. They have low production efficiency, high labor intensity, and require more than two people to work together. In addition, this connection method is not only easy to deform after welding, but also difficult to guarantee the size. It often requires subsequent machining to meet the use requirements. Not only is the production cycle long, but the production cost is also high. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned defects and provides a detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling, its application and its using method.

[0005] In order to overcome the defects in the background technology, the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: the overall structure of the detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling includes a crossbeam support part, a side frame support part is provided on each side of the crossbeam support part, and the crossbeam support part is connected to the side frame support parts on both sides through a connecting part; The connecting portion is in the shape of an “I”; The side frame support part includes a side frame base, a side frame support seat connected to each end of the side frame base through a mortise and tenon structure, and two tightening mechanisms fixedly connected to each side frame support seat; The crossbeam support part includes a crossbeam base, a crossbeam support seat located above the crossbeam base, and crossbeam height limit blocks connected to both sides of the crossbeam base. A limit block cushion is provided above the crossbeam height limit blocks. Crossbeam side blocks are provided on both sides of the crossbeam support seat, a crossbeam positioning pin is provided at the center of the upper end surface, a crossbeam positioning tenon is provided on the lower end surface of the crossbeam support seat, and an operation hole is further provided on one side of the crossbeam support seat. The crossbeam positioning tenon is in fit connection with a mortise hole provided on the crossbeam base, and the mortise-tenon fit clearance is 0.3 mm. A screw jacking mechanism is also connected between the crossbeam support seat and the crossbeam base. The screw jacking mechanism includes a crossbeam positioning sleeve welded to the upper end surface inside the crossbeam support seat, a nut welded to the upper end surface inside the crossbeam base. A screw is connected to the crossbeam positioning sleeve, the nut is connected to the screw, and a handwheel is further connected to the screw and is located inside the crossbeam support seat. The handwheel is operated through the operation hole; The side frame support seat includes two parts, a cube and a cuboid. The cuboid is located at the upper center position of the cube and is an integrally formed structure, forming a "convex" shape as a whole. Sliding positioning blocks are provided above the cube and on both sides of the cuboid. A positioning reference structure is provided on the side frame support seat.

[0006] According to another embodiment of the present invention, it further includes that the included angle between the two jacking mechanisms is 90 degrees after being fixed on the side frame support seat.

[0007] According to another embodiment of the present invention, it further includes that the side frame base is provided with a mortise hole for connecting the side frame support seat, and the lower end of the side frame support seat is provided with a tenon for fit connection with the mortise hole, and the fit clearance is 0.2 mm.

[0008] According to another embodiment of the present invention, it further includes that a positioning block handle is provided on one side of the sliding positioning block, a positioning block tenon is provided below the sliding positioning block body, and positioning reference notches are provided on the upper and lower end surfaces of the sliding positioning block body. The positioning block tenon is connected to a side frame support seat chute provided on the side frame support seat, and the fit clearance is 0.3 mm.

[0009] According to another embodiment of the present invention, it further includes that the side frame base is provided with a side frame base connection groove for connecting the connection part. The shape of the side frame base connection groove is the same as the shape of the connection part at the connection, and the fit clearance is 0.2 mm. The side frame base is further provided with a center positioning reference notch four and a center positioning reference notch three.

[0010] According to another embodiment of the present invention, it further includes that connection grooves for connecting the connection part are provided at the left and right ends of the crossbeam base. The shape of the crossbeam base connection grooves is the same as the shape of the connection part at the connection, and the fit clearance is 0.2 mm. The crossbeam base is further provided with a demolding opening for the crossbeam height limit block.

[0011] According to another embodiment of the present invention, it further includes that the positioning reference structure is a center line formed by drawing one horizontal line and one vertical line on the upper end surface of the cuboid part.

[0012] According to another embodiment of the present invention, it further includes that the positioning reference structure is the center positioning reference notches arranged around the upper plane of the cuboid Set central positioning reference notch and edge positioning reference notch and around the upper and lower planes of the cube.

[0013] The application of this detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling is used in the general assembly of the welded structure bogie.

[0014] The using method of this detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling is characterized in that the using method includes: The first step: Assemble the detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling: a. Place the crossbeam base and the side frame support parts on both sides of the crossbeam base in appropriate positions. After leveling their upper planes, insert the two ends of the connecting part into the crossbeam base connecting groove and the side frame base connecting groove provided on the crossbeam base and the side frame support part respectively to connect the three into an integral whole; b. Assemble the side frame support part. Insert the tenon at the lower end of the side frame support seat into the mortise of the side frame base, and insert the positioning tenon at the lower end of the sliding positioning stopper into the side frame support seat chute on the side frame support seat; c. Assemble the crossbeam support seat. Insert the crossbeam positioning tenon at the lower end of the crossbeam support seat into the mortise on the crossbeam base; The second step: Assemble the welded structure bogie with the mortise and tenon structure tooling: a. Lift the crossbeam on the bogie and place it on the crossbeam support seat, and insert the crossbeam positioning pin at the center of the upper plane of the crossbeam support seat into the lower plate pin hole on the crossbeam. At the same time, there are four crossbeam side stoppers on both sides of the lower edge of the crossbeam lower cover plate to control it inside. At this time, the crossbeam center line coincides with the tooling center line position; b. Straddle the two crossbeam height limit stoppers on both sides of the crossbeam center. Manually adjust the handwheel to make the screw jacking mechanism slowly lift the crossbeam support seat, the crossbeam, the crossbeam height limit stopper, and the limit stopper pad together horizontally until the lower hook of the crossbeam height limit stopper just hooks the upper cover plate of the crossbeam support seat; c. Lift the side frame on the bogie and place it on the side frame support seat, making the reference plane of the side frame contact the plane of the side frame support seat. Adjust the longitudinal tightening mechanism, and slowly push it forward along the longitudinal center line direction under the action of the tightening mechanism. Make the transverse center line of the side frame coincide with the transverse center line of the tooling side frame. At the same time, it can be seen that the two side edges of the lower cover plate of the side frame are aligned with the reference of the reserved notch on the side frame support seat surface. In addition, it is also necessary to adjust the longitudinal center line of the side frame to coincide with the longitudinal center line of the tooling side frame under the action of the transverse tightening mechanism to ensure the accurate positioning of the side frame, ensure that the center distance between the two side frames is 1956 mm, the flatness of its four reference planes is less than 1.5 mm, the difference between the diagonals is ≤ 1.5 mm, and the height difference between the upper plane of the cross beam and the reference plane is 20 mm. Spot weld the cross beam and the side frame for fixation; d. Assemble the guide frame seat and the wedge seat on the bogie. Before assembly, first move the sliding positioning block forward, so that the positioning tenon of the positioning block slides to the end of the chute of the side frame support seat. At this time, the positioning reference notch on the sliding positioning block is aligned with the transverse center line of the transverse side frame support seat Upper and the outer sides of the two sliding positioning blocks are parallel and the distance is 290 ± 0.5 mm. At this time, place the wedge seat and the guide frame seat at the specified positions respectively and fix them by spot welding to complete all the assembly; e. After the spot welding fixation, perform demolding. First, move the sliding positioning block backward. Secondly, first remove the limit block cushion, then move the cross beam height limit block to the height limit block demolding port on the cross beam base and take out the cross beam height limit block. Then manually rotate the screw rod lifting mechanism to lower the cross beam support seat to the base, and then demolding can be carried out.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Since this tooling adopts a mortise and tenon structure, the positions of the mortise and tenon are reasonably arranged, and the fit clearance of the mortise and tenon is carefully designed, so that the tooling has good stability and high assembly accuracy after assembly and welding. Since the tooling adopts a front assembly design and uses the self-weight (about 1.2 t) of the bogie for positioning, it can better control the assembly quality and reduce the ineffective labor in the assembly process, making it easier to control the dimensions during the bogie assembly process, ensuring that the flatness of the reference plane A can be controlled within 1 mm, and the positioning reference line engraved on the upper plane of the tooling can control the difference in the center diagonal length of the four guide frame seats within 1.5 mm, and at the same time, it also ensures the central symmetry and parallelism; 2. Since both the component tooling and the total assembly tooling adopt a mortise and tenon structure, and the adjacent plates are all connected by mortise and tenon, the assembly accuracy is high, saving the machining workload of the tooling, thus reducing the manufacturing cost of the tooling; 3. This total assembly tooling adopts a detachable structure design. After disassembly, it is divided into three parts, which can greatly save the storage and sorting space of the tooling. In addition, due to the reasonable structure design and simple operation, the labor intensity of employees is greatly reduced, and the production efficiency is significantly improved. Description of the Drawings

[0016] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention; Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic structural view of the side frame support part in the middle; Figure 3 is Figure 2 a schematic structural view of the side frame base in the middle; Figure 4 is Figure 2 a schematic structural view of the side frame support seat in the middle; Figure 5 is Figure 2 a schematic structural view of the sliding positioning stop in the middle; Figure 6 is Figure 2 a schematic structural view of the jacking mechanism in the middle; Figure 7 is Figure 1 a schematic structural view of the crossbeam support part in the middle; Figure 8 is Figure 7 a schematic structural view of the crossbeam support seat in the middle; Figure 9 is Figure 7 a schematic structural view of the screw rod lifting mechanism in the middle; Figure 10 is Figure 1 a schematic structural view of the cross-section view of the crossbeam support part in the middle; Figure 11 is a schematic structural view of the three-dimensional view of the application of the present invention; Figure 12 is a schematic structural view of the front view of the application of the present invention; Figure 13 is a schematic structural view of the top view of the application of the present invention; Figure 14 is a schematic structural view of the side view of the application of the present invention; Figure 15 is a schematic structural view of the top view of the present invention; Among them: 1. Connection part; 2. Side frame support part; 3. Tightening mechanism; 4. Cross beam support seat; 5. Cross beam support part; 6. Demolding port; 7. Operation hole; 8. Cross beam base; 9. Cross beam height limit stop; 10. Limit stop cushion block; 11. Cross beam side stop; 12. Cross beam base connection groove; 13. Sliding positioning stop; 14. Center line; 15. Side frame support seat; 16. Side frame base; 17. Center positioning reference notch four; 18. Mortise hole; 19. Center positioning reference notch three; 20. Side frame base connection groove; 21. Positioning reference notch; 22. Positioning stop handle; 23. Positioning stop tenon; 24. Tenon; 25. Side frame support seat chute; 26. Cross beam positioning pin; 27. Cross beam positioning tenon; 28. Cross beam positioning sleeve; 29. Nut; 30. Lead screw; 31. Hand wheel; 32. Edge positioning reference notch; 33. Center positioning reference notch one; 34. Center positioning reference notch two; 35. Side frame lateral center line; 36. Lateral center line; 37. Another side frame lateral center line; 38. Longitudinal center line; 39. Wedge seat; 40. Guide frame seat; 41. Side frame; 42. Cross beam. Specific implementation mode

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will combine the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments in the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Due to the maturity of modern laser cutting technology, its blanking accuracy can reach 0.03 - 0.05 mm. The ancient mortise and tenon structure parts have the advantages of high assembly accuracy, strong anti-deformation ability, easy disassembly, etc. The overall structure combines the two skillfully, so as to meet the requirements of reducing production costs and improving assembly accuracy. Therefore, according to the technical requirements of the bogie, the mortise and tenon structure parts have the advantages of high accuracy, good stability, low production cost, detachable, etc., and a mortise and tenon structure design scheme is adopted for the bogie assembly tooling.

[0020] Such as Figure 1-10As shown in the figure, it is the structural diagram of a detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling. Its overall structure includes a crossbeam support part 5, with a side frame support part 2 provided on each side of the crossbeam support part 5. The crossbeam support part 5 is connected to the side frame support parts 2 on both sides through a connecting part 1. When designing the tooling, it is divided into three major parts and several individual designs, which can not only meet the usage requirements but also ensure the flexibility of the tooling. In order to ensure the accuracy requirements of the tooling, a mortise and tenon structure design is adopted. During the entire manufacturing process, only the tenon needs to be inserted into the corresponding mortise hole, and finally, only a small amount of welding is required for the tooling, which can avoid manufacturing errors and welding deformation. In order to ensure that the manufactured tooling can meet the usage requirements, first, the most reasonable control is made on the fit clearance and position between the mortise and tenon, so as to ensure the stability of the tooling; the fit clearance of the moving part is controlled within 0.3 mm, which can not only ensure the flexibility of the function but also ensure that the dimensions are within the controllable range.

[0021] As Figure 1 It can be seen from the figure that the connecting part 1 is in the shape of a "gong" character. When designing, in order to ensure that the dimension of the reference center line reaches the design requirements after the assembly of the three bases, the connecting part is designed in the shape of a "gong" character, and its mortise and tenon clearance is controlled within 0.2 mm, so as to ensure the overall stability of the base. Through close contact, the error of the reference center line after the connection assembly reaches 0.4 mm, and the diagonal difference is less than 1 mm.

[0022] As Figure 2-6 It is the structural schematic diagram of the side frame support part 2. In the figure, the side frame support part 2 includes a side frame base 16, with a side frame support seat 15 connected to each end of the side frame base 16 through a mortise and tenon structure, and two tightening mechanisms 3 fixedly connected to each side frame support seat 15. The tenon on the lower plane of the side frame support seat 15 is inserted into the mortise hole of the side frame base 16, and its fit clearance is 0.2 mm, which can completely prevent the side frame support seat from displacing and keep it in close contact with the side frame base 16.

[0023] As Figure 7-10Figure 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of the crossbeam support part 5. In the figure, the crossbeam support part 5 includes a crossbeam base 8, a crossbeam support seat 4 located above the crossbeam base 8, and crossbeam height limit stops 9 connected to both sides of the crossbeam base 8. A limit stop cushion block 10 is provided above the crossbeam height limit stop 9. The limit stop cushion block 10 is a freely movable part, which is set up to facilitate the demolding of the height limit stop. Crossbeam side stops 11 are provided on both sides of the crossbeam support seat 4, a crossbeam positioning pin 26 is provided at the center of the upper end face, and a crossbeam positioning tenon 27 is provided on the lower end face of the crossbeam support seat 4. An operation hole 7 is also provided on one side of the crossbeam support seat 4. The crossbeam positioning tenon 27 is connected to the mortise hole provided on the crossbeam base 8, and the mortise and tenon fit clearance is 0.3 mm. Since the crossbeam support seat needs to move up and down by 30 mm during operation, the mortise and tenon fit clearance is set to 0.3 mm. In this way, it can not only effectively play a guiding role but also well control the change value of the support seat in the spatial position. A screw rod lifting mechanism is also connected between the crossbeam support seat 4 and the crossbeam base 8. The screw rod lifting mechanism is used to lift the crossbeam support seat so that the vertical height between the upper plane of the crossbeam and the side frame reference plane is controlled within 20 mm under the control of the two crossbeam height limit stops. The screw rod lifting mechanism includes a crossbeam positioning sleeve 28 welded to the upper end face inside the crossbeam support seat 4, a nut 29 welded to the upper end face inside the crossbeam base 8. The screw rod 30 is connected to the crossbeam positioning sleeve 28, the nut 29 is connected to the screw rod 30, and a handwheel 31 is also connected to the screw rod 30 and is located inside the crossbeam support seat 4. The handwheel 31 is operated through the operation hole 7; As Figure 4 shown, the side frame support seat 15 consists of two parts, a cube and a cuboid. The cuboid is located at the upper center position of the cube and is an integrally formed structure. Sliding positioning stops 13 are provided above the cube and on both sides of the cuboid. The functions of the sliding positioning stops 13 are: one is to provide a support positioning surface for assembling the guide frame seat and the wedge seat, the second is to control the distance and central symmetry between the guide frame seat and the wedge seat, and the third is to facilitate the demolding of the bogie when moving backward. A positioning reference structure is provided on the side frame support seat 15. In order to enable the product to be smoothly assembled and conveniently inspected during use, a positioning reference structure is set up, including: a center line 14 formed by drawing one horizontal line and one vertical line on the upper end face of the cuboid part; a center positioning reference notch one 33, an edge positioning reference notch 32 are provided on the peripheral edge of the upper plane of the cuboid part, and a center positioning reference notch two 34 is provided on the peripheral edge of the upper and lower planes of the cube part. Its function is to check the center line, and the edge of the side frame lower cover plate is aligned with it for easy inspection during assembly. At the same time, it can also facilitate the acceptance inspection after the tooling is made.

[0024] After the two tightening mechanisms 3 are fixed on the side frame support seat 15, the included angle between them is 90 degrees, forming a tightening mechanism 3 in the longitudinal direction and a tightening mechanism 3 in the transverse direction.

[0025] The side frame base 16 is provided with mortise holes 18 for connecting the side frame support seat 15. The lower end of the side frame support seat 15 is provided with tenons 24 that are connected in cooperation with the mortise holes 18, and the fitting clearance is 0.2 mm, as Figure 3 shown.

[0026] As Figure 5 shown, one side of the sliding positioning stop 13 is provided with a positioning stop handle 22. Below the main body of the sliding positioning stop 13 is provided with a positioning stop tenon 23. And on the upper and lower end faces of the main body of the sliding positioning stop 13 are provided with positioning reference notches 21. The positioning stop tenon 23 is connected in a side frame support seat chute 25 provided on the side frame support seat 15, and the fitting clearance is 0.3 mm, which just meets the requirement of its front-back sliding function and can well control the dimensional requirements at the same time.

[0027] As Figure 3 shown, the side frame base 16 is provided with a side frame base connection groove 20 for connecting the connecting part 1. The shape of the side frame base connection groove 20 is the same as the shape of the connection part of the connecting part 1, and the fitting clearance is 0.2 mm. The side frame base 16 is also provided with a center positioning reference notch four 17 and a center positioning reference notch three 19. When the side frame support seat 15 is connected to the side frame base 16 by mortise and tenon, the center positioning reference notch two 34 on the side frame support seat 15 corresponds to the center positioning reference notch three 19.

[0028] The left and right ends of the crossbeam base 8 are provided with crossbeam base connection grooves 12 for connecting the connecting part 1. The shape of the crossbeam base connection grooves 12 is the same as the shape of the connection part of the connecting part 1, and the fitting clearance is 0.2 mm. Therefore, the crossbeam base 8 is also provided with a demolding port 6 for the crossbeam height limiting stop 9.

[0029] As Figure 11-15 shown, the above-mentioned detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling is mainly used in the overall assembly of the welded structure bogie, where Figure 15 the corresponding reference lines are marked for the following applications.

[0030] The usage method of the detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling in the overall assembly of the welded structure bogie includes: The first step is to assemble the detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling: a. Place the crossbeam base 8 and the side frame support parts 2 on both sides of the crossbeam base 8 in appropriate positions, and after horizontal calibration of the upper planes, insert the two ends of the connecting part 1 into the crossbeam base connecting grooves 12 and the side frame base connecting grooves 20 provided on the crossbeam base 8 and the side frame support parts 2, respectively, so that the three are connected as a whole. In order to ensure that the reference centerline size of the three bases meets the design requirements after assembly, the connecting part is designed to be an I-shaped, and the mortise and tenon gap is controlled within 0.2mm, so as to ensure the overall stability of the base. Through close contact, the reference centerline after connection and assembly reaches an error of 0.4mm, and the diagonal difference is less than 1mm; b. Assemble the side frame support part 2. Insert the tenon 24 at the lower end of the side frame support seat 15 into the mortise 18 of the side frame base 16. The matching clearance is 0.2mm, which can completely prevent the support seat from moving and keep it in close contact with the base. Insert the positioning stop tenon 23 at the lower end of the sliding positioning stop 13 into the side frame support seat slide groove 25 on the side frame support seat 15. The designed clearance is 0.3mm, which just meets the needs of its forward and backward sliding function and can well control the size requirements; c. Assemble the beam support seat 4, insert the beam positioning tenon 27 at the lower end of the beam support seat 4 into the mortise on the beam base 8. Since the beam support seat needs to move up and down 30mm during operation, the mortise and tenon matching clearance is set to 0.3mm, which can not only effectively play a guiding role, but also well control the change value of the support seat in the space position. In addition, a manual spiral lifting mechanism is provided inside the support seat to lift the beam support seat, so that the vertical height of the upper plane of the beam and the reference plane of the side frame is controlled at 20mm under the control of the two beam height limit stops; The second step is to install the welded structure bogie to the mortise and tenon structure tooling. Before assembly, the side frame and crossbeam of the bogie have been corrected and heat treated, laying the foundation for subsequent general assembly quality control: a. Hang the crossbeam 42 on the bogie on the crossbeam support seat 4, and insert the crossbeam positioning pin 26 at the center of the plane on the crossbeam support seat 4 into the lower plate pin hole on the crossbeam 42. At the same time, there are four crossbeam side stops on both sides of the crossbeam lower cover plate to control the inside. In this way, the position freedom of the crossbeam 42 on the support seat is locked, and the center line of the crossbeam coincides with the longitudinal center line 38 at this time; b. Place two crossbeam height limit stops 9 on both sides of the center of the crossbeam, and manually adjust the hand wheel 31 so that the screw lifting mechanism slowly and horizontally lifts the crossbeam support seat 4, the crossbeam, the crossbeam height limit stop 9, and the limit stop pad 10 together, so that the lower hook of the crossbeam height limit stop 9 just hooks the upper cover plate of the crossbeam support seat 4. During the movement, since the lower plane tenon of the crossbeam support seat always slides along the mortise hole of the crossbeam base, the support seat only moves up and down, and its center line will not have position deviation; c. Hang the side frame 41 on the bogie on the side frame support seat 15 so that the reference plane of the side frame 41 contacts the plane of the side frame support seat 15. Since the bogie structure is that the end of the crossbeam is inserted into the hole of the side frame web, adjust the longitudinal tightening mechanism 3 and slowly push forward along the longitudinal center line under the force of the tightening mechanism 3 so that the transverse center line of the side frame coincides with the transverse center line of the tooling side frame. At the same time, it can be seen that the edges on both sides of the side frame lower cover plate are aligned with the reserved notch reference of the side frame support seat 15. In addition, it is necessary to adjust the longitudinal center line of the side frame to coincide with the longitudinal center line of the tooling side frame under the force of the transverse tightening mechanism 3 to ensure that the side frame is accurately positioned, and the center distance of the two side frames is ensured to be 1956mm, the flatness of the four reference planes is less than 1.5mm, the difference between the diagonal lines is ≦1.5mm, and the height difference between the upper plane of the crossbeam and the reference plane is 20mm. At this point, all data can meet the requirements of the drawing, and the crossbeam and the side frame are spot welded and fixed; d. Assemble the guide frame seat 40 and the wedge seat 39 on the bogie. Before assembly, move the sliding stopper 13 forward so that the positioning stopper tenon 23 slides to the end of the side frame support seat slot 25. At this time, the positioning reference notch 21 on the sliding stopper 13 is aligned with the lateral side frame support seat 15. Upper The transverse center line 14 is aligned, and the outer side surfaces of the sliding positioning blocks 13 on both sides are parallel and the spacing is 290±0.5mm. At this time, the inclined wedge seat and the guide frame seat are placed in the specified position, and the whole assembly is completed by spot welding. Since the inner contact surface of the inclined wedge seat and the guide frame seat is a rectangular plane, the outer side surface of the sliding positioning block is equal to this surface during tooling design, that is, the two surfaces are fitted, the edges on both sides are aligned, and the lower edge is supported on the support seat surface. In this way, the transverse center line of the inclined wedge seat and the guide frame seat coincides with the transverse center line of the side frame at the V-plane position, meeting the design requirement that the position deviation is less than 2.5mm; e. After welding is completed, demoulding is performed. First, move the sliding positioning stop 13 backward, then remove the limit stop pad 10, and then move the beam height limit stop 9 to the height limit stop demoulding port 6 on the beam base 8 and remove the beam height limit stop 9, then manually rotate the screw lifting mechanism to move the beam support seat down to the base, and then demoulding can be performed.

[0031] After assembly, the bogie is inspected to achieve the following: 1. The deviation between the center plane of the guide frame seat and the wedge seat of the same frame and the measured transverse center plane is 2.1mm, and the side dimensions of the 1st and 2nd positions of the same frame are between 2091.5 and 2092.3; 2. The flatness value of the four reference planes is 1.3mm; 3. The difference between the center diagonals of the four guide frame seats is 1.4mm; 4. The center distance between the two side frames is 1957mm, the two wheelbases are 1801mm, the distance between the inclined wedge seat and the guide frame seat is between 289 and 291, and the difference between the reference plane A and the upper plane of the beam is 20mm.

[0032] All of the above data results can meet the design requirements, and have received unanimous praise from leaders and employees. Moreover, the positive assembly operation has the advantages of simple operation, easy size control, high production efficiency, and low manufacturing cost.

[0033] As mentioned above, the above is only the preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling, characterized in that: The overall structure includes a crossbeam support part (5), and there is a side frame support part (2) on each side of the crossbeam support part (5). The crossbeam support part (5) is connected to the side frame support parts (2) on both sides through a connecting part (1); The connecting part (1) is in an "I" shape; The side frame support part (2) includes a side frame base (16), a side frame support seat (15) connected to each end of the side frame base (16) through a mortise and tenon structure, and two jacking mechanisms (3) fixedly connected to each side frame support seat (15); The crossbeam support part (5) includes a crossbeam base (8), a crossbeam support seat (4) located above the crossbeam base (8), and crossbeam height limit stops (9) connected to both sides of the crossbeam base (8). There is a limit stop cushion block (10) above the crossbeam height limit stops (9). Crossbeam side stops (11) are provided on both sides of the crossbeam support seat (4), a crossbeam positioning pin (26) is provided at the center of the upper end face, a crossbeam positioning tenon (27) is provided on the lower end face of the crossbeam support seat (4). An operation hole (7) is also provided on one side of the crossbeam support seat (4). The crossbeam positioning tenon (27) is in mating connection with a mortise hole provided on the crossbeam base (8), and the mortise and tenon mating clearance is 0.3 mm. A screw rod lifting mechanism is also connected between the crossbeam support seat (4) and the crossbeam base (8). The screw rod lifting mechanism includes a crossbeam positioning sleeve (28) welded to the upper end face inside the crossbeam support seat (4), a nut (29) welded to the upper end face inside the crossbeam base (8). A screw rod (30) is connected to the crossbeam positioning sleeve (28), the nut (29) is connected to the screw rod (30), a handwheel (31) is also connected to the screw rod (30) and is located inside the crossbeam support seat (4), and the handwheel (31) is operated through the operation hole (7); The side frame support seat (15) includes two parts, a cube and a cuboid. The cuboid is located at the upper center position of the cube and is an integrally formed structure, forming a "convex" shape as a whole. Sliding positioning stops (13) are provided above the cube and on both sides of the cuboid. The side frame support seat (15) is provided with a positioning reference structure.

2. The detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the two jacking mechanisms (3) are fixed on the side frame support seat (15), the included angle between them is 90 degrees.

3. The detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: Mortise holes (18) for connecting the side frame support seat (15) are provided on the side frame base (16), and a tenon (24) mating with the mortise holes (18) is provided at the lower end of the side frame support seat (15), and the mating clearance is 0.2 mm.

4. The detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: A positioning stop handle (22) is provided on one side of the sliding positioning stop (13), a positioning stop tenon (23) is provided below the main body of the sliding positioning stop (13), and positioning reference notches (21) are provided on the upper and lower end faces of the main body of the sliding positioning stop (13). The positioning stop tenon (23) is connected to a side frame support seat chute (25) provided on the side frame support seat (15), and the mating clearance is 0.3 mm.

5. The detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side frame base (16) is provided with a side frame base connection groove (20) for connecting the connection part (1). The shape of the side frame base connection groove (20) is consistent with the shape of the connection part (1) at the connection, and its fitting clearance is 0.2 mm. The side frame base (16) is also provided with a central positioning reference notch four (17) and a central positioning reference notch three (19).

6. The detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left and right ends of the crossbeam base (8) are provided with crossbeam base connection grooves (12) for connecting the connection part (1). The shape of the crossbeam base connection groove (12) is consistent with the shape of the connection part (1) at the connection, and its fitting clearance is 0.2 mm. The crossbeam base (8) is also provided with a demolding port (6) for the crossbeam height limiting block (9).

7. The detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the upper end face of the cuboid part of the positioning reference structure, a center line (14) formed by drawing one horizontal line and one vertical line is provided.

8. The detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning reference structure is provided with a central positioning reference notch one (33) around the upper plane of the cuboid part, an edge positioning reference notch (32), and a central positioning reference notch two (34) around the upper and lower planes of the cube part.

9. Application of the detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: For application in the general assembly of a welded structure bogie.

10. The usage method of the detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, This usage method includes: The first step: Assemble the detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling: a. Place the crossbeam base (8) and the side frame support parts (2) on both sides of the crossbeam base (8) in appropriate positions. After leveling their upper planes, insert the two ends of the connection part (2) into the crossbeam base connection grooves (12) and the side frame base connection grooves (20) provided on the crossbeam base (8) and the side frame support parts (2) respectively to connect the three into a whole; b. Assemble the side frame support part (2). Insert the tenon (24) at the lower end of the side frame support seat (15) into the mortise hole (18) of the side frame base (16), and insert the positioning tenon (23) at the lower end of the sliding positioning block (13) into the side frame support seat chute (25) on the side frame support seat (15); c. Assemble the crossbeam support seat (4). Insert the crossbeam positioning tenon (27) at the lower end of the crossbeam support seat (4) into the mortise hole on the crossbeam base (8); The second step: Assemble the welded structure bogie with the mortise and tenon structure tooling: a. Lift the crossbeam (42) on the bogie and place it on the crossbeam support seat (4). Insert the crossbeam positioning pin (26) at the center of the upper plane of the crossbeam support seat (4) into the lower plate pin hole on the crossbeam (42). At the same time, the two side edges of the lower cover plate of the crossbeam are controlled by four crossbeam side blocks. At this time, the center line of the crossbeam (42) coincides with the longitudinal center line (38); b. Straddle the two crossbeam height limiting blocks (9) on both sides of the center of the crossbeam (42). Manually adjust the handwheel (31) to slowly lift the crossbeam support seat (4), the crossbeam (42), the crossbeam height limiting block (9), and the limiting block cushion block (10) horizontally together by the screw jacking mechanism until the lower hook of the crossbeam height limiting block (9) just hooks the upper cover plate of the crossbeam support seat (4); c. Lift the side frame (41) on the bogie and place it on the side frame support seat (15), making the reference plane of the side frame contact the plane of the side frame support seat (15). Adjust the longitudinal tightening mechanism (3), and slowly push it forward along the longitudinal center line direction under the action of the tightening mechanism (3), so that the transverse center line of the side frame (41) coincides with the transverse center line of the side frame on the side frame support seat (15). At the same time, it can be seen that the two side edges of the lower cover plate of the side frame are aligned with the reserved edge positioning reference notch (32) on the surface of the side frame support seat (15). In addition, it is also necessary to adjust the longitudinal center line of the side frame to coincide with the longitudinal center line on the side frame support seat (15) under the action of the tightening mechanism (3) at both ends of the transverse side frame to ensure the accurate positioning of the side frame. Ensure that the center distance between the two side frames is 1956 mm, the flatness of its four reference planes is less than 1.5 mm, the difference between the diagonals is ≤ 1.5 mm, and the height difference between the upper plane of the cross beam and the reference plane is 20 mm. Spot-weld the cross beam and the side frame for fixation; d. Assemble the guide frame seat (40) and the inclined wedge seat (39) on the bogie. Before assembly, first move the sliding positioning stop (13) forward so that the positioning stop tenon (23) slides to the end of the side frame support seat chute (25). At this time, the positioning reference notch (21) on the sliding positioning stop (13) is aligned with the Upper transverse center line (14) of the transverse side frame support seat (15). At the same time, the outer sides of the two sliding positioning stops (13) are parallel and the distance is 290 ± 0.5 mm. At this time, place the inclined wedge seat and the guide frame seat in the specified positions respectively, and complete all the assembly by spot welding; e. After the spot-welding fixation is completed, demoulding is carried out. First, move the sliding positioning block (13) backward. Secondly, first remove the limit block cushion (10), then move the cross beam height limit block (9) to the height limit block demoulding opening (6) on the cross beam base (8) and take out the cross beam height limit block (9). Then manually rotate the screw rod lifting mechanism to lower the cross beam support seat to the base, and then demoulding can be carried out.

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