Preparation and use method of flue-cured tobacco field ripening potassium-extracting composition

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation of tobaccos, and discloses a preparation and use method of a flue-cured tobacco field ripening and potassium extracting composition. After the product is applied, the maturity of upper tobacco leaves is improved, the color value and chromatic value of the leaves are obviously improved, the oil content of the leaves is increased, and the overall score is higher than that of conventional production. The potassium content of the tobacco leaves in China at present is generally about 1-2%, and the requirement of industrial raw materials for the potassium content of the tobacco leaves is larger than or equal to 2.5%. By using the product provided by the invention, the potassium content of the tobacco leaves is maximally increased to 2.6-2.8%. The proportion of first-class tobaccos is increased by 9-12% and the income is increased by 0.6-0.9 ten thousand yuan / hm < 2 > after the tobacco is baked by using the product disclosed by the invention. The rice transplanting period of the later-crop rice in the tobacco-rice rotation planting area is advanced by 5-7 days, and the rice planting benefit is indirectly improved (the rice planting period is advanced). According to the invention, through the specific ratio of the sugar alcohol potassium, the plant source growth regulator and the phosphorus potassium, and through the synergistic effect, the tobacco leaf production problems of low tobacco leaf maturity and low potassium content are systematically solved, and the product has universality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of tobacco agricultural cultivation technology products, but is not limited to the field of tobacco cultivation technology products, and particularly relates to a preparation and use method of a composition for promoting the ripening and potassium uptake of flue-cured tobacco in the field. Background Art

[0002] The mature harvesting period of tobacco leaves is the production link with the most intensive labor input, the greatest labor intensity, and the longest labor input time. Under the current background of labor shortage, the goal of simplified cultivation production with reduced harvesting times is put forward in tobacco agricultural production, thus posing higher requirements for the concentrated ripening and yellowing of tobacco leaves and shortening the maturity period.

[0003] Currently, the phenomenon that the yellowing process of tobacco leaves during the maturity period is slow, the growth period is prolonged, the production cost is increased, the quality of tobacco leaves is decreased, and the planting efficiency of tobacco leaves is difficult to be guaranteed due to excessive nitrogen absorption is still relatively common. The reasons for this phenomenon are relatively complex, and it is closely related to the field water and fertilizer conditions. In some tobacco-growing areas, due to drought and lack of rain in the early stage of tobacco plant growth and development and relatively dense rainfall in the later stage, the fertilizers applied in the field are supplied in excess in the later stage, resulting in late maturity of tobacco plants; in addition, in some tobacco-growing areas, affected by relatively dense rainfall in the early stage, in order to avoid leaching and fertilizer loss, a large amount of topdressing is likely to cause late maturity of tobacco plants in the later stage. Although corresponding fertilization methods have been formulated according to the respective ecological conditions in different production areas, affected by the differences in climate conditions between years, there are still a large number of tobacco plants with delayed maturity every year.

[0004] In the northern tobacco-growing areas, the maturity period of tobacco leaves is too long, which easily leads to more difficult yellowing of leaves at low temperatures in the later stage. Especially for the upper tobacco leaves, which account for 30% - 40% of the total tobacco plant yield, the reduction and loss of production are relatively serious; in the southern tobacco-growing areas, the tobacco-rice rotation planting mode is mostly adopted. The extension of the maturity period is likely to cause food crops to miss the normal planting period. Therefore, for such tobacco fields, how to accelerate the maturity process of tobacco leaves, improve the quality of tobacco leaves, and ensure the stable supply of tobacco leaf raw materials is an important issue that urgently needs to be solved in current production.

[0005] The potassium content of tobacco leaves is not only an important index of the quality of tobacco leaves but also a key index for measuring the maturity of tobacco leaves. For tobacco leaves with a high potassium content, the field maturity level is high, the elasticity and flexibility of the leaves become better, the baking resistance and easy baking performance of tobacco leaves are improved, the chemical components of the baked tobacco leaves are coordinated, the aroma amount is sufficient, and at the same time, the safety of tobacco leaves is improved. However, the low potassium content of tobacco leaves is still the main problem in current tobacco leaf production in China.

[0006] The reasons for potassium deficiency in tobacco leaves are relatively complex. Among them, potassium efflux is the main reason for potassium loss in tobacco leaves. A large number of studies have shown that the absorption and accumulation of potassium in flue-cured tobacco are relatively large in the early growth stage, but the potassium content in leaves decreases significantly in the late maturity stage. The potassium content is mostly lower leaves > middle leaves > upper leaves, and the root-stem ratio shows an upward trend. The main reason for this situation is that in the late maturity stage of tobacco leaves, the ability of potassium to be transported from roots and stems to leaves weakens, and potassium efflux occurs. At the same time, mechanical damage such as topping causes changes in hormones in the body, resulting in potassium being excreted from the body through the roots and reducing the potassium content; all nitrogen sources also cause an increase in the efflux of K + from the root system. At the same time, when the rainfall is too much and the root system lacks oxygen, the cell membrane permeability of the root system increases, resulting in the efflux of K + from the root system, and the leaves are washed and leached, and potassium overflows from the leaves.

[0007] Currently, there are many studies on how to improve the maturity of tobacco leaves, which are mainly carried out from the following aspects.

[0008] (1) Water and fertilizer regulation cultivation technical measures:

[0009] Some scholars have improved the maturity of tobacco leaves through field water and fertilizer regulation, by planting early in a timely manner and strengthening water and fertilizer management to achieve early growth and rapid development of tobacco leaves and extend the maturity period of tobacco leaves. This method is greatly affected by ecological conditions and is difficult to be applied and promoted in different production areas.

[0010] (2) Physical regulation technology: Some scholars use the technology of girdling and phloem stripping of the tobacco plant stem to block the continuous supply of underground nutrients and promote the maturity of tobacco leaves. This method requires adding an operation link and corresponding operation tools in production, increasing the production cost and labor input. For production areas lacking labor, it is difficult to increase the manual operation link during the mature harvesting period.

[0011] (3) Chemical regulation technology: Some scholars use chemical product regulation methods. Among them, spraying glufosinate and potassium bicarbonate solutions on the leaf surface can slow down the nitrogen element synthesis metabolism by inhibiting the activities of nitrate reductase and GS enzymes in the nitrogen element metabolism process in tobacco leaves, so as to achieve the purpose of promoting the maturity of tobacco leaves. In addition, for the common main chemical regulation technical measures, some scholars accelerate the senescence of tobacco leaves by applying chemical regulators such as 12,4-D, thiosulfate, and sodium bicarbonate. There are also those who accelerate the senescence process of leaves by spraying hormones such as ABA, ethylene, and jasmonic acid potassium ester on the leaves. In the application of these hormones, it is often difficult to accurately control the dosage, so it is difficult to be promoted in production.

[0012] Regarding increasing the potassium content in tobacco leaves, currently, mainly measures such as variety selection, optimized fertilization, physical regulation, and chemical regulation are adopted.

[0013] (1) Cultivation of high-potassium genotype varieties: By cultivating varieties resistant to low-potassium stress, solve the problem of low potassium content in tobacco leaves caused by potassium deficiency.

[0014] (2) Optimization of fertilization measures: Improve the one-time basal application of potassium fertilizer to a fertilization mode of multiple applications of potassium fertilizer to prevent insufficient potassium supply in the soil during the late growth stage of tobacco plants.

[0015] (3) Application of organic fertilizers: Improve the physical and chemical environment of the soil through organic fertilizers, and the combination of exogenous carbon sources and chemical potassium is more conducive to potassium absorption by tobacco leaves.

[0016] (4) After topping the tobacco plants, cutting off the lateral roots of the tobacco leaves or girdling the phloem can effectively prevent potassium outflow and maintain the potassium content in the tobacco leaves.

[0017] Currently, the technical methods for improving the maturity and potassium content of tobacco leaves are mostly single technical products. The maturity and potassium content of tobacco leaves are affected by multiple factors such as varieties, climate, and soil conditions, and the effect of a single method is limited. Some maturity regulation measures are not conducive to the improvement of the potassium content of tobacco leaves. Simply topdressing potassium fertilizer has a limited effect on increasing the potassium content of tobacco leaves, and improper application is instead not conducive to the yellowing and maturity of tobacco leaves.

[0018] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects existing in the prior art:

[0019] (1) In production, the production regulation of maturity and potassium content of tobacco leaves through variety screening, cultivation technical measures, etc. is affected by the ecological conditions in different regions and the differences in climate conditions between years. The manifestation of variety characteristics and the variability of the effects of cultivation regulation measures are relatively large. Every year, a large amount of tobacco leaves in each production area have problems such as a decrease in tobacco leaf grade due to maturity problems and low industrial usability.

[0020] (2) Currently, the application of chemical and hormone products through foliar spraying has a good effect in promoting the yellowing and maturity of tobacco leaves. However, when the current hormone products are applied in production, due to the impossibility of completely consistent maturity of fresh tobacco leaves in the field, it is difficult to master the accuracy of hormone dosage, thus affecting the consistency of the ripening effect. At the same time, the effect of chemical regulation measures is relatively single, and there is no application and promotion of technical products in production.

[0021] (3) When the maturity regulation and potassium content improvement measures are superimposed and applied in current tobacco leaf production, it is easy to cause a technical mutual exclusion effect: The ripening means may inhibit root activity or intensify nutrient competition, weakening the potassium absorption efficiency; while excessive application of potassium fertilizer is likely to cause nutritional imbalance or delay maturity, reducing the uniformity of tobacco leaf quality. The difficulty in their synergy lies in systematic limitations such as soil potassium fixation, ion antagonism, and carbon-potassium metabolism conflict, making it difficult to achieve the simultaneous improvement of maturity and potassium content. Summary of the Invention

[0022] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing and using a composition for promoting ripening and increasing potassium in flue-cured tobacco fields.

[0023] The present invention is implemented as follows. A composition for promoting ripening and increasing potassium in flue-cured tobacco fields, characterized in that, by volume ratio and weight ratio, it consists of a sugar alcohol chelated liquid potassium fertilizer with an effective ingredient of K2O ≥ 550 g / L and sugar alcohol ≥ 100 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer, chlormequat chloride (effective ingredient 50%), and 14-hydroxy brassinolide (effective ingredient 0.0075%);

[0024] The ratio is: (1) the dosage of sugar alcohol potassium is 6.67 mL / L; (2) potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 4.67 g / L; (3) 14-hydroxy brassinolide is 1.67 mL / L; (4) chlormequat chloride is 6.67 mL / L, and the balance is a water solvent.

[0025] Furthermore, the sugar alcohol potassium is a polymerization product of three sugar alcohols, erythritol, mannitol, and xylitol, chelating high-quality mineral potassium. The specific ratio is less restricted in application conditions compared to single sugar alcohol potassium; K2O ≥ 550 g / L;

[0026] For the erythritol, mannitol, and xylitol, the effective ingredient is not less than 100 g per liter;

[0027] The chlormequat chloride is a plant growth regulator widely used in current tobacco and other crop agricultural production, without environmental accumulation hazards;

[0028] The 14-hydroxy brassinolide belongs to an endogenous growth regulator extracted from plants, which is green and pollution-free. The dosage and frequency should meet the growth and development requirements of tobacco plants;

[0029] The potassium dihydrogen phosphate belongs to a commonly used potassium fertilizer in current tobacco leaf planting, and the weight ratio is 4.67 g / L.

[0030] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing and using a composition for promoting ripening and increasing potassium in flue-cured tobacco fields. The method specifically includes:

[0031] S1: The capacity of the product packaging bag is designed according to the current agricultural conventional sprayer (15 L). According to the dosage ratio: 100 mL of sugar alcohol potassium, 100 mL of chlormequat chloride, and 25 mL of 14-hydroxy brassinolide are filled into plastic sub-packaging bags respectively. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is not designed to be in the packaging bag.

[0032] S2: When using the product, tear open the packaging bag along the incision on one side of the packaging bag. After opening the sealing strip, pour the three liquids into a mixing container, add 1 / 2 volume of water and mix evenly, then weigh 70 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and add it to the solution, and mix well for standby. The solution needs to be prepared and applied immediately.

[0033] S3: The product is applied to the tobacco fields with late-maturing and excessive vegetative growth. Select tobacco fields where it is difficult for the tobacco leaves to turn yellow and mature or where there is a serious physiological potassium deficiency. Use a spraying device to evenly spray the solution on the leaves, ensuring that the liquid evenly adheres to the leaves and keeps them moist.

[0034] S4: Spraying the product 2 - 3 times can achieve the desired effect, with an interval of about 7 days between each spraying. When spraying on the leaves, choose the evening or early morning on sunny days and avoid the high-temperature period of direct sunlight at noon. If it rains after spraying, make up the spraying in a timely manner.

[0035] Furthermore, the product is designed in a packaging mode of 3 chambers in 1 bag, and a packaging bag made of PET material is used to make a partitioned and sub-packed bag.

[0036] Furthermore, in S1, according to the dosage ratio dissolved in 15L of water, 100 mL of potassium sugar alcohol, 100 mL of chlormequat chloride, and 25 mL of 14 - hydroxy brassinolide are separately packed into three independent spaces and then sealed.

[0037] Furthermore, the sealing opening of the packaging bag is designed with 2 sealing lines. The inner side is designed with a groove pressing sealing method, and the outer side is designed with a high-temperature adhesion sealing mode;

[0038] Furthermore, the packaging bag is designed for light - proof storage; a tear - opening is designed on one side of the sealing opening of the packaging bag for easy tearing and opening in the field.

[0039] The present invention also provides a multi - chamber sub - packed promoting - ripening and potassium - enhancing agent set for flue - cured tobacco, including each liquid component of the above - mentioned composition sub - packed in at least two independent compartments;

[0040] The outer packaging bag of the compartment is provided with a shear - easy - tear opening;

[0041] The set is accompanied by an instruction manual, indicating on - site preparation according to the method and application according to the above - mentioned plan.

[0042] Furthermore, the outer packaging bag adopts a light - proof coating structure with a light transmittance ≤5% to improve the stability of the included growth regulator.

[0043] The present invention also provides an instant preparation system for promoting ripening and enhancing potassium in flue - cured tobacco fields, which is provided with a detachable multi - chamber liquid storage bladder containing each liquid component of the above - mentioned composition);

[0044] A quantitative injection module, an on - line stirring module, and a spraying output module connected to the liquid storage bladder;

[0045] The control terminal sets the water volume and stirring time to achieve on - site one - time automatic liquid preparation and leaf surface application.

[0046] Combined with the above - mentioned technical solutions and the solved technical problems, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solution to be protected by the present invention are:

[0047] Aiming at the key technical problems in the field of promoting the ripening and increasing potassium content of flue-cured tobacco in the field, through innovative component formulation and application method design, the following breakthrough technical effects are achieved:

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention further include:

[0049] 1. The synergistic effect improves the comprehensive effect, improves the quality of tobacco leaves while reducing the operation links and lowering the production cost.

[0050] Traditional methods mostly adopt single regulation means. In tobacco production, the method of increasing the potassium content of tobacco leaves mainly relies on single application of potassium fertilizer. Wang Fengcheng et al. (2024) carried out research on increasing the potassium content of tobacco leaves by spraying various types of potassium fertilizers on the leaf surface. The results showed that the potassium content of tobacco leaves was increased to 1.5%, which did not meet the minimum standard requirement of 2.0% in the industry, and there was an even greater gap from the 2.5% content of high-quality tobacco leaves. At present, the low potassium content of tobacco leaves is still the main problem existing in the quality of tobacco leaves in China.

[0051] The current products for promoting the ripening of tobacco leaves mainly include the following categories: (1) Chemical ripening promoters (ethephon, methyl jasmonate + sodium bicarbonate + salicylic acid compound, etc.), such products have poor stability and are easily interfered by the environment; microbial inoculants, such products have slow effects and are restricted by soil conditions; (2) Ethylene synthesis gene regulation, such products have high technical thresholds and great difficulties in promotion; (3) Cultivation technical measures (such as film mulching, water and fertilizer regulation, topping, etc.), such technologies mostly rely on experience and have poor universality in different regions. From the current research status, the effect stability of the products for promoting ripening is relatively poor, especially the application of single products, and it is difficult to truly improve the maturity of tobacco leaves.

[0052] The present invention makes technical improvements from the following paths:

[0053] Potassium gluconate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are used as potassium fertilizer supplement sources, and are proportioned with chlormequat chloride and 14-hydroxy brassinolide to regulate the ripening and yellowing of tobacco plants, and achieve the synergistic effect of promoting ripening and increasing potassium.

[0054] (1) Select potassium gluconate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate as potassium fertilizer supplement sources.

[0055] First, sugar alcohols are natural components in the phloem sap of plants. Different sugar alcohols can carry potassium elements and transport them through the dual channels of phloem and xylem, improving the potassium absorption efficiency. Spraying potassium sugar alcohol during the maturity period of tobacco leaves can significantly increase the potassium content in tobacco leaves. In this invention, three sugar alcohols, erythritol, mannitol, and xylitol, are selected to chelate mineral potassium in a specific ratio. Relevant research shows that mannitol, as a non-reducing sugar, is transported upward from the roots through the xylem and has the function of long-distance transporting minerals to the sink organs; erythritol does not directly participate in the transport of potassium. It mainly has high water solubility (61 g / 100 g water). By changing the osmotic pressure inside and outside the cells, it promotes the transmembrane transport of potassium ions, and at the same time, its metabolites can regulate the utilization of potassium elements; xylitol regulates and changes the osmotic pressure inside and outside the cells, its metabolites promote the transmembrane transport of potassium ions, and by stabilizing the cell membrane structure, it reduces the leakage of potassium to improve the potassium absorption efficiency.

[0056] Potassium sugar alcohol chelate (K2O ≥ 550 g / L), while supplementing potassium, sugar alcohol can achieve dual-channel transport through phloem and xylem, improve potassium absorption efficiency, and reduce potassium excretion during the maturity period.

[0057] Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a commonly used source of potassium fertilizer in tobacco agricultural production. It acts synergistically with potassium sugar alcohol to achieve double potassium supplementation. Sugar alcohol is used as a carrier to transport potassium ions, making up for the limitation of potassium dihydrogen phosphate only being transported through the xylem. At the same time, the chelation effect of sugar alcohol can reduce the fixation of potassium ions, improve the mobility of potassium and the leaf surface absorption rate. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate provides quick-acting K + and phosphorus (P), which forms a complement with the slow-release effect of potassium sugar alcohol. The permeability of sugar alcohol can briefly open the stomata and cell membrane channels of tobacco leaves, promoting the simultaneous entry of H2PO4 - and K + into the cells, avoiding competitive ion absorption. The energy generated by sugar alcohol metabolism can drive the active transport of phosphorus and potassium.

[0058] The potassium fertilizer formulated in a specific ratio, while providing immediate external phosphorus supply, potassium sugar alcohol can extend the effective period and reduce leaching caused by rainfall and other factors.

[0059] (2) Chlorocholine chloride, as a regulatory product for inhibiting plant excessive growth, is widely used in production. In the application research of cotton, wheat, etc., it is found that using chlorocholine chloride can inhibit the excessive growth of stems and leaves, reduce the competitive consumption of potassium by new leaves. At the same time, an appropriate amount of chlorocholine chloride can enhance root vitality and improve the utilization efficiency of nutrients such as potassium. The research by Wu Shoufang (2021), Chen Xi (2022), etc. shows that chlorocholine chloride can effectively inhibit the apical growth of tobacco plants and improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. Its mechanism of action, as an antagonist of gibberellin, mainly inhibits the elongation of stem and leaf cells.

[0060] 14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid (0.0075%) has the function of regulating the balance of endogenous hormones. In agricultural production, 14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid is often used in combination with fertilizers (potassium fertilizers) or other regulators (such as cytokines) to enhance the root system's ability to absorb fertilizer and nutrient conversion efficiency through synergistic effects. In 2023, a comparative test showed that the potassium content of the upper leaves of the treatment group increased by 12 percentage points compared with the blank control.

[0061] 2. Usability optimization and improved operation convenience

[0062] The "three-chamber one bag" packaging (potassium sulphatide, chlormequat chloride, and brassinolide sterols are packaged separately) is pre-mixed in 15L water standard units, which not only reduces the dosage error (error rate <0.5%), but also facilitates transportation and storage. It is easy to use and operate, and can be ripened by spraying the leaves 2 to 3 times, which reduces labor input by 35% compared with traditional physical control (such as ring cutting).

[0063] 3. Improved industrial availability and economic benefits

[0064] The upper tobacco leaves are not mature enough, especially in some production areas where the upper tobacco leaves are prone to low temperature and rainy weather during the maturity period, making it difficult for the leaves to mature, especially in tobacco fields with excessive nitrogen absorption. As a core factor of quality, the maturity of tobacco leaves directly affects the industrial availability of tobacco leaves.

[0065] Currently, the upper tobacco leaves are still the key to the high availability of industrial raw materials due to insufficient maturity and low potassium content. Through the application of the invention patent, the potassium content of the upper tobacco leaves is significantly improved, and the maturity of the tobacco leaves is significantly improved.

[0066] (1) Improvement of upper leaf quality

[0067] Improved maturity: The application of this patented product improves the maturity of the upper tobacco leaves, the color value and chroma value of the leaves are significantly improved, the oil content of the leaves is increased, and the overall score is higher than conventional production.

[0068] Increased potassium content in tobacco leaves: The potassium content in tobacco leaves in my country is generally around 1% to 2%, and the demand for potassium content in tobacco leaves from industrial raw materials is ≥ 2.5%. Using this patented product, the potassium content in tobacco leaves can be increased to 2.6-2.8% at most.

[0069] (2) Significant improvement in economic benefits

[0070] The proportion of high-quality tobacco leaves after flue-curing with the patented product increased by 9-12 percentage points, and the income increased by 6,000-9,000 yuan / hm2. 2 .

[0071] In tobacco-rice rotation planting areas, the transplanting period of the next rice crop is advanced by 5 to 7 days, which indirectly improves the efficiency of rice planting (the rice planting period is advanced).

[0072] Through the specific ratio of potassium sugar alcohol, plant-derived growth regulators, and phosphorus and potassium, and through their synergistic effect, the present invention systematically solves the problems in tobacco leaf production, such as low maturity and low potassium content of tobacco leaves, and the product has universality.

[0073] Second, as the creative auxiliary evidence of the claims of the present invention, it is also reflected in the following important aspects:

[0074] 1. The expected benefits and commercial value after the transformation of the technical solution of the present invention are:

[0075] (1) Improvement in economic benefits:

[0076] The upper tobacco leaves mature and turn yellow concentratedly, and the number of harvests is reduced from the conventional 5-6 times to 3-4 times. The labor cost per hectare for harvesting is reduced by about 3,000 yuan (taking the current 15 mu as one furnace, and the labor cost for each furnace is about 1,500 yuan). The proportion of high-quality tobacco increases, and the average price and output value per mu of tobacco leaf planting are both increased.

[0077] (2) Industrial chain value:

[0078] The transplanting period is advanced, and the yield of the subsequent rice in the tobacco-rice rotation area increases by about 8%, realizing the compound benefit of "stable tobacco and increased grain".

[0079] 2. The technical solution of the present invention preferably solves the technical problems in the domestic industry

[0080] (1) Currently, there is no product that can preferably promote ripening and increase potassium at the same time and be applied and promoted in production

[0081] The technical solution of the present invention solves the problems existing in the current tobacco leaf production. The technical core is to coordinately solve the maturity and maturity process of the current upper tobacco leaves and the improvement of the potassium content of tobacco leaves by combining different potassium sources with a specific proportion of plant-derived growth regulators, and solves the contradiction between the maturity process of tobacco leaves and the retention of potassium in the leaves.

[0082] In traditional technologies, products for promoting the maturity of tobacco leaves are mostly chemical ripening products (such as ethephon, etc.). During the process of promoting the maturity of tobacco leaves, it is easy to cause the external discharge of potassium elements inside the leaves, resulting in a low potassium content in the cured tobacco. At the same time, in the current tobacco leaf production, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is generally sprayed to increase the potassium content of tobacco leaves. However, from the current potassium supplementation effect, the utilization efficiency of potassium fertilizer is low, and the potassium content of tobacco leaves has not really been improved. Moreover, this single method of spraying foliar potassium fertilizer is prone to delaying the maturity process of tobacco leaves when the dosage is improper.

[0083] The present invention coordinately regulates the two goals of "promoting ripening" and "increasing potassium in tobacco leaves", and preferably breaks through the limitations of existing single technical products for improving the maturity of tobacco leaves and increasing potassium content. By constructing a foliar potassium fertilizer technology based on a double carrier of sugar alcohol-phosphate and combining with plant-derived growth regulators, while effectively controlling the maturity process of tobacco leaves, the potassium absorption efficiency of tobacco leaves is increased to the greatest extent.

[0084] The solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0085] ① Dual-channel potassium transport: The sugar alcohols include mannitol, erythritol, and xylitol. The potassium chelated by sugar alcohols has the characteristics of dual-channel transport in the phloem and xylem, which solves the problem that the single-channel application of potassium fertilizer in current tobacco leaf production affects the absorption efficiency. At the same time, the addition of these 3 sugar alcohols directly or indirectly affects leaf penetration, enhances membrane permeability and cell membrane integrity. Appropriate addition in the foliar spray solution can improve the penetration efficiency of potassium, especially suitable for the upper tobacco leaves with a relatively thick cuticle, thereby improving the potassium absorption of tobacco plants and alleviating stress.

[0086] ② Metabolic regulation: Adding the plant growth regulator chlormequat chloride can inhibit the growth of new leaves and reduce the competitive consumption of potassium in the leaves. The research by Huajing (2017) shows that the application of chlormequat chloride can delay the growth of the above-ground part, improve the growth of the underground part, inhibit the above-ground part and promote the underground part, promote root development, and reduce the exudation of nutrients. The research by Pan Ruichi (1996), Sun Jixia (2013), and Wang Huiqun (2007) shows that chlormequat chloride reduces the synthesis of gibberellin, lowers the plant height, not only inhibits the vegetative growth of the above-ground part but also promotes the absorption of phosphorus and other elements. The research by (Annunziata Maria Grazia, 2019) shows that 14-hydroxybrassinolide can activate senescence-related genes such as NtSNG12 and accelerate chlorophyll degradation.

[0087] (2) Balance between synergistic effect and safety

[0088] Traditional multi-component foliar fertilizers are prone to component antagonism. For example, the mixture of chlormequat chloride and brassinolide will cause phytotoxicity and damage plants. The risk of chemical regulator residues is high, which restricts the technology promotion. Chlormequat chloride (water-soluble quaternary ammonium salt) and brassinolide (lipid-soluble sterol) are prone to phase separation or precipitation due to polarity differences, affecting the product effect.

[0089] The solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0090] ① Improve the physiological activity and environmental friendliness of the compound product.

[0091] The selected 14-hydroxybrassinolide does not contain a lactone ring and is a natural plant endogenous hormone extracted from rapeseed pollen. It is more favored in agricultural production due to its high activity and low risk.

[0092] Erythritol and mannitol form a dynamic three-dimensional network structure through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, encapsulating chlormequat chloride and brassinolide in independent microdomains. Through the application of stable technologies such as steric hindrance effect and water activity regulation of the sugar alcohol carrier, the problem of component mutual exclusion is solved.

[0093] ② Green dose threshold control:

[0094] The application rate of chlormequat chloride is controlled at 0.33 g / hm 2 , which is only 1 / 3 of the conventional application rate; 14-brassinolide is used at an ultra-low concentration of 0.0075%, which activates the endogenous hormone system but has no risk of exogenous pollution.

[0095] 3. Improvement of the maturity of upper leaves and industrial usability

[0096] Industry problem: The upper leaves, which account for 30% - 40% of the output, are often industrially discarded due to insufficient maturity and low potassium content, resulting in significant losses.

[0097] (1) Product top regulation technology

[0098] The synergistic effect of chlormequat chloride and 14-brassinolide achieves the effects of controlling plant growth, promoting strong growth, and balancing growth. Chlormequat chloride inhibits vegetative growth, reduces the nutrient consumption of ineffective leaves, and promotes the transport of photosynthetic products to tobacco leaves. 14-brassinolide provides a material basis for the maturity of tobacco leaves by increasing the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency, and accelerating the synthesis and accumulation of carbohydrates.

[0099] (2) Product technology for regulating carbon and nitrogen metabolism, promoting chlorophyll decomposition, and promoting the ripening and yellowing of tobacco leaves

[0100] As an efficient supplement of potassium element, potassium gluconate can significantly promote the ripening and yellowing of tobacco leaves through mechanisms such as regulating carbon and nitrogen metabolism and promoting chlorophyll decomposition. The potassium ions in potassium gluconate can activate the enzymes related to chlorophyll degradation (such as magnesium-dechelation enzyme), accelerate chlorophyll decomposition, make yellow pigments such as carotenoids appear, and promote the transformation of tobacco leaves from green to yellow. At the same time, the synergistic effect of phosphorus and potassium can reduce the nitrogen supply required for chlorophyll synthesis, further promoting leaf yellowing.

[0101] Effective potassium element supply promotes the transport and transformation of photosynthetic products, increases the accumulation of carbohydrates in tobacco leaves, improves the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N), accelerates ripening, and at the same time improves the coordination of chemical components in tobacco leaves.

[0102] Potassium gluconate can increase the activities of polypeptide synthetase and aminotransferase in tobacco leaves, promote protein decomposition and the conversion of nitrogen to amino acids to reduce the content of free nitrogen in leaves and avoid late maturity.

[0103] Industrial verification results:

[0104] The upper tobacco leaves using the product are rolled, and the sensory quality is evaluated by a professional industrial sensory evaluation expert group. The evaluation results show that the aroma quality and aroma quantity of the upper tobacco leaves using this product are significantly better than those of the control and other treatments, the irritation and miscellaneous odors are improved, the remaining leaves in the mouth are comfortable, and the total score is the highest.

[0105] 3. The technical solution of the present invention overcomes technical prejudice:

[0106] (1) Construction of compounding of plant growth regulators and dose-effect relationship

[0107] ① Breaking through the limitations of the hormone antagonism theory: The traditional view is that there is an antagonistic effect between chlormequat chloride (growth inhibitor) and brassinolide (growth promoter), making it difficult to stably compound. Through the sugar alcohol three-dimensional network encapsulation technology, this invention realizes spatial isolation, forms dynamic microdomains by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, overcomes the mutual exclusion problem of substances with different polarities, and thus realizes the safe co-melting of two types of hormones with opposite effects.

[0108] ② Breaking the orientation of carrier selection: Synthetic polymers are generally used as slow-release carriers in the industry, which poses a risk of environmental residue. This invention innovatively selects the natural sugar alcohol system of erythritol - mannitol, realizes precise controlled release through water activity regulation and steric hindrance effect, and opens up a new path for green carriers.

[0109] ③ Challenging the industry convention of "high dose = high effect": The dosage of chlormequat chloride is reduced to 1 / 3 of the conventional dosage (0.33 g / hm 2 ), and the ultra-low concentration of 0.0075% of brassinolide is used. Through targeted delivery and hormone cascade amplification effect, it proves the new paradigm of "trace activation of the endogenous system > exogenous high-dose intervention".

[0110] (2) Breaking through the problem of regulating the maturity of upper tobacco leaves

[0111] ① By inhibiting the activity and gene expression of the key enzymes (GA3-oxidase / GA20-oxidase) of gibberellin synthesis with chlormequat chloride, and synergistically activating photosynthetic genes (RBCS, PEPC) through the BZR1 signaling pathway of brassinolide, it realizes the spatio-temporal complementarity of apical growth inhibition and photosynthetic energy production improvement, and achieves the physiological balance of "controlling growth without rigidity and promoting growth without excessive growth".

[0112] ② Nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) constitute the core regulatory axis of nitrogen assimilation metabolism. Potassium promotes nitrate reduction and protein synthesis by activating the activities of NR and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. Potassium sugar alcohol transports through the xylem / phloem double channels, synergistically provides energy with the sugar alcohol carbon skeleton and optimizes the carbon-nitrogen distribution of potassium ions. By reducing nitrate accumulation and enhancing carbon metabolic flux, it alleviates the problem of late maturity and excessive vegetative growth of tobacco leaves.

[0113] ③ The quality of upper tobacco leaves has been significantly improved, realizing the improvement of the industrial usability of upper tobacco leaves.

[0114] This patent systematically solves the long-term technical biases in the fields of compounding of plant growth regulators, micro-precision regulation, and apical physiology coordination through theoretical innovation, technical reconstruction, and empirical breakthrough. Description of the Drawings

[0115] Figure 1It is a flowchart of the preparation method provided by the embodiments of the present invention for promoting the maturity of tobacco leaves and increasing the potassium content of tobacco leaves.

[0116] Figure 2 It is a packaging design diagram of the product with three rooms in the same package provided by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0117] Figure 3 It is a diagram of the application scenario of the product and technology for regulating the maturity of field tobacco leaves (Henan test plot) provided by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0118] Figure 4 It is a diagram of the maturity and yellowing situation of field tobacco leaves after applying different products of technology for promoting maturity and yellowing provided by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0119] Figure 5 It is a diagram of the quality status of flue-cured tobacco leaves after applying different products of technology for promoting maturity and yellowing (Henan test plot) provided by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0120] Figure 6 It is a comparison diagram of the maturity and yellowing process of tobacco leaves between the blank control and after applying the patented product provided by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0121] Figure 7 It is a diagram of the maturity status of harvested tobacco leaves after applying different products for promoting ripening provided by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0122] Figure 8 It is a diagram of randomly selecting single leaves of different treatments for image acquisition provided by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0123] Figure 9 It is a diagram of randomly selecting whole-stem tobacco of different treatments for image acquisition provided by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0124] Figure 10 It is a diagram of the operation scenario for evaluating and screening the plant growth regulation efficacy provided by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0125] In the figure: 1. PET light-proof packaging bag with compartments; 2. Pressing line for separating three independent spaces; 3. Sealing strip; 4. Convenient opening (cut); 5. Groove for sealing strip; 6. Convex embedded strip for sealing strip; 7. Appearance and growth of tobacco fields where ripening-promoting products will be implemented; 8. Working scene of spraying the patented product in the field; 9. Application scene of tobacco stalk girdling technology during the same period; 10. The maturity of tobacco leaves in the blank control is the worst; 11. The maturity and uniformity of tobacco leaves after being treated with the present invention patent product are the highest; 12. The field maturity is relatively high after being treated with a certain ripening-promoting product; 13. The maturity of tobacco leaves with girdled tobacco stalks is relatively high and the uniformity is slightly poor; 14. There are more green and miscellaneous leaves in the cured tobacco leaves (blank control); 15. The maturity of the cured tobacco leaves has been significantly improved (the present invention patent product); 16. The maturity is relatively high but the color is relatively light (phloem girdling of tobacco stalks); 17. There are more greenish-yellow cured tobacco leaves (a certain ripening-promoting product); 18. On the left is the conventional fertilization mode without applying any regulation products, and the tobacco leaves have not been harvested yet; 19. On the right is the conventional fertilization mode, and the tobacco leaves in the tobacco field treated with the present invention patent have been maturely harvested; 20. The maturity of the tobacco leaves in the blank control treatment is the worst; 21. The maturity of the tobacco leaves treated with a certain ripening-promoting product is relatively poor; 22. The maturity of the tobacco leaves treated with the present invention patent product is the best; 23. The maturity of the tobacco leaves in the blank control treatment is poor; 24. The maturity of the tobacco leaves treated with a certain ripening-promoting product is relatively poor; 25. The maturity of the tobacco leaves treated with the present invention patent product is the best; 26. The maturity of the cured tobacco leaves of the present invention patent is the highest and the color is pure; 27. The maturity of the cured tobacco of a certain ripening-promoting product is relatively poor, with green veins and variegated colors; 29. The maturity of the cured tobacco leaves in the blank control is the worst, with greenish-yellow tobacco leaves; 30. Operation site of field application of plant growth regulator; 31, 32. Plant growth regulator products. Detailed implementation manners

[0126] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0127] The difficulty in solving the technical problems and defects of the existing technology is:

[0128] Determine the composition of the formula components and the appropriate proportions of each component to ensure that the formula product can promote the ripening and yellowing process of tobacco leaves with the least amount of use, and can achieve the effect of overall uniform yellowing without precise application.

[0129] The formula product not only regulates the nitrogen element metabolism in tobacco leaves, prevents the slow yellowing of leaves caused by excessive nitrogen-containing compounds in the leaves, but also regulates the coordination of internal chemical components in tobacco leaves, promotes the conversion of internal substances in tobacco leaves into the baking and modulation standards of high-quality tobacco leaves, increases the potassium content of tobacco leaves, and breaks through the technical problem that it is difficult to increase the potassium content of tobacco leaves by basal application of potassium fertilizer and single application of foliar potassium fertilizer.

[0130] For the plant growth regulators added to the formulated product, the product should be a green product that is harmless to plants, the environment, and soil microorganisms, and the dosage and usage method should be such that it can achieve the effect of a tobacco plant growth regulator without causing a reduction or loss in plant production due to improper dosage or usage. This is the key issue addressed by this formulation.

[0131] Potassium dihydrogen phosphate used in the formulation is a commonly used foliar potassium fertilizer in current tobacco leaf production. However, its single use has poor effects and there is no unified standard for dosage.

[0132] The significance of solving the above problems and defects is as follows:

[0133] After the tobacco leaves reach physiological maturity in the field and the accumulation of internal macromolecular substances reaches its peak, when entering the technological maturity stage (senescence and maturity stage), chlorophyll gradually degrades, causing the leaves to turn from green to yellow. This stage is accompanied by a significant biochemical transformation process: macromolecular substances such as photosynthetic product starch are decomposed into low-molecular compounds such as total sugar and reducing sugar; nitrogen-containing macromolecules such as proteins are degraded into small-molecular substances such as amino acids, promoting the improvement of the coordination of tobacco leaf chemical components. This shows that the regulation of mature yellowing needs to take into account both the change in appearance color and the optimization of internal quality, including promoting potassium accumulation and the balance of sugar-nitrogen metabolism. At the same time, attention is also paid to the practicality and economy of technical measures to achieve the simultaneous improvement of tobacco leaf maturity, internal quality, and production efficiency.

[0134] The embodiment of the present invention provides a composition for promoting the ripening and potassium uptake of flue-cured tobacco in the field. This product, calculated by volume ratio and weight ratio, is composed of a sugar alcohol chelated liquid potassium fertilizer (effective ingredient K2O ≥ 550 g / L, sugar alcohol ≥ 100 g / L), potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer, chlormequat chloride (effective ingredient 50%), and 14-hydroxy brassinolide (effective ingredient 0.0075%);

[0135] The ratio is: (1) the dosage of sugar alcohol potassium is 6.67 mL / L; (2) potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 4.67 g / L; (3) 14-hydroxy brassinolide is 1.67 mL / L; (4) chlormequat chloride is 6.67 mL / L, and the balance is a water solvent.

[0136] Furthermore, the sugar alcohol potassium is a polymerization product of chelating high-quality mineral potassium by three kinds of sugar alcohols, erythritol, mannitol, and xylitol, in a specific ratio. Compared with single sugar alcohol potassium, its application conditions are less restricted; K2O ≥ 550 g / L;

[0137] For the erythritol, mannitol, and xylitol, the effective ingredient is not less than 100 g per liter;

[0138] The chlormequat chloride is a plant growth regulator widely used in current agricultural production of tobacco and other crops, without environmental accumulation hazards;

[0139] The 14-hydroxy brassinolide belongs to an endogenous growth regulator extracted from plants, is green and pollution-free, and the dosage and frequency should meet the growth and development requirements of tobacco plants;

[0140] The potassium dihydrogen phosphate has a weight ratio of 4.67 g / L.

[0141] Such as Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a preparation and use method based on the tobacco field ripening and potassium-promoting composition, and the method specifically includes:

[0142] S1: The capacity of the product packaging bag is designed according to the current agricultural conventional sprayer (15L). According to the dosage ratio: 100 mL of potassium glyoxylate, 100 mL of chlormequat chloride, and 25 mL of 14-hydroxy brassinolide are separately filled into plastic sub-packaging bags. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is not designed to be included in the packaging bag.

[0143] S2: When using the product, tear open the packaging bag along the cut on one side of the packaging bag. After opening the sealing strip, pour the three liquids into a mixing container, add 1 / 2 volume of water and mix well, then weigh 70 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and add it to the solution, and mix well for use. The solution needs to be prepared and applied immediately.

[0144] S3: The product is applied to tobacco fields with late-maturing and overgrown plants. Select tobacco fields with difficult maturity and yellowing or serious physiological potassium deficiency. Use a spraying device to evenly spray the solution on the leaves, and it is appropriate that the liquid is evenly attached to the leaves with moisture.

[0145] S4: Spraying the product 2 - 3 times can achieve the expected effect, and the interval between each spraying is about 7 days. When spraying on the leaves, choose the evening or early morning on a sunny day, and avoid the high-temperature period of direct sunlight at noon. If it rains after spraying on the leaves, make up the spraying in time.

[0146] The product is designed in a 3-chamber and 1-bag packaging mode, and a packaging bag made of PET material is used for interval sub-packaging.

[0147] In S1, according to the dosage ratio dissolved in 15 L of water, 100 mL of potassium glyoxylate, 100 mL of chlormequat chloride, and 25 mL of 14-hydroxy brassinolide are separately filled into three independent spaces and then sealed.

[0148] The sealing opening of the packaging bag is designed with 2 sealing lines. The inner side is designed with a groove pressing sealing method, and the outer side is designed with a high-temperature adhesion sealing mode;

[0149] The packaging bag is designed for light-proof storage; a cut is designed on one side of the sealing opening of the packaging bag for easy tearing and opening in the field.

[0150] I. The specific application field or related products of the present invention

[0151] The product was tested and verified in the tobacco-growing area of Sanmenxia, Henan Province in 2023.

[0152] The precipitation distribution in this production area is uneven throughout the year, and it is also characterized by "nine droughts in ten years" between years. The precipitation is less in the early and middle stages of the flue-cured tobacco growth period. Generally, the general rule is as follows: Root-extending stage (April - May): The monthly precipitation required is 80 - 100 mm. In recent years, the precipitation in this stage has shown an increasing trend, but the spatial and temporal distribution is uneven, and there is still a drought risk in some areas; Rapid growth stage (June - July): 100 - 200 mm of precipitation is required, but the actual precipitation shows a decreasing trend, which is likely to cause insufficient moisture in tobacco plants; Maturity stage (August - September): About 100 mm of precipitation is required, but the actual precipitation is generally insufficient. Affected by the combined action of multiple factors such as the northward shift of the subtropical high, the active westerly belt, and the topography and landforms, local heavy rainfall and continuous precipitation are likely to form in the tobacco-growing area in September.

[0153] The temperature change range in this production area also occurs after September. From early September to mid-September, the temperature is stable at 18 - 25 °C. The temperature gradually drops in late September, and the lowest temperature can drop to 12 - 15 °C at the end of September to early October. After mid-late October, the temperature drops further.

[0154] Affected by the climate and ecological conditions in the tobacco-growing area, it is relatively dry in the early stage of flue-cured tobacco growth, the absorption and utilization of nutrients are insufficient, and the growth and development of tobacco plants are relatively slow. After the middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco are harvested, generally in mid-September, affected by the increase in rainfall, the excessive absorption of nutrients by tobacco plants leads to the late maturity of the upper leaves. In the production area, after the middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco are maturely harvested, baking needs to be stopped for about 2 weeks, and then baking can start after the upper leaves are mature. The harvesting and baking time is extended. With the continuous decrease of rainfall and temperature, it is difficult to improve the maturity level of the upper leaves well. The superposition of these two main factors severely restricts the improvement of the maturity and quality of the upper leaves. At the same time, the increase in the potassium content of tobacco leaves has always been the key point that the production area is trying to overcome.

[0155] Based on this, the main tobacco-growing area of Sanmenxia was selected for the experimental verification of promoting ripening and increasing potassium of the patented product. On this basis, further experimental verification of plot demonstration production was carried out.

[0156] Through the investigation of the yellowing degree of field leaves (represented by the SPAD value of the same leaf position), the appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves after baking (maturity, color, texture, tissue structure, oil content, chroma), the grade composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves after baking (the proportion of upper, middle, lower and low-grade tobacco leaves), the analysis of economic traits (average price of upper tobacco leaves), the conventional chemical components of tobacco leaves and their coordination (total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, nicotine, chlorine, potassium and derived values: ratio of two sugars, potassium-chlorine ratio, sugar-alkali ratio), and industrial usability (sensory quality evaluation results), through the above comprehensive analysis, the effects of the patented product on promoting ripening and increasing potassium were clarified.

[0157] 1. Experimental design

[0158] 1.1 Test site and time

[0159] The plot comparison tests were carried out in Sanmenxia, Henan in 2023, and the plot demonstration verification was carried out in 2024.

[0160] Design of plot test treatments and method steps: Treatment 1, the product of this invention patent; Treatment 2, a certain ripening-promoting product, with the conventional production mode as the blank control. The plot comparison test was designed with 3 replicates, and the plots were arranged in a randomized block design. Select tobacco fields where it is difficult for the upper leaves to mature and turn yellow. After dividing the plots according to the treatments, apply the regulatory products respectively, and spray clear water as the blank control.

[0161] Plot demonstration: The field production verification of the patent product, with the conventional production mode as the control, to further verify the application effect of the patent product.

[0162] 2. Analysis of test results

[0163] 2.1 The application of the patent product has a significant effect on promoting the ripening of upper leaves

[0164] The SPAD value of tobacco leaves has a significant positive correlation with the leaf maturity. As can be seen from the following table, in the plot comparison test in 2023, when measuring the SPAD value of the upper leaves 10 days after spraying the ripening-promoting product (after spraying once), the highest degree of yellowing was shown by the product of this invention patent. In the plot demonstration production verification in 2024, it can be seen that after spraying the product of this invention patent twice, the maturity level of the upper leaves is significantly better than that of the conventional control. From the analysis of the results of the two years, spraying the patent product has a significant effect on promoting the ripening of upper leaves.

[0165] Table 1 Changes in SPAD value of leaves in plot comparison test (2023)

[0166]

[0167] Note: Lowercase letters indicate a difference at the 0.05 level, and the same applies hereinafter.

[0168] Table 2 Changes in SPAD value of leaves in plot demonstration (2024)

[0169]

[0170]

[0171] 2.2 The application of the patent product has a significant effect on increasing the output value of upper leaves

[0172] After baking, the tobacco leaves are strictly graded according to the national standard for flue-cured tobacco grading. After the grade is determined, the output value is calculated according to the annual purchase price. As can be seen from the results in the following table, in the test results of 2023 and 2024, the proportion of first-class upper tobacco leaves, the average price and the output value of the patented product are the highest. In 2024, the difference in the proportion of first-class upper tobacco leaves between the patented product and the conventional control reaches a significant level. From the above results, it can be seen that spraying the patented product can significantly improve the grade of first-class upper tobacco leaves and economic benefits.

[0173] Table 3 Composition of upper tobacco leaf grades in plot comparison test (2023)

[0174]

[0175] Table 4 Composition of upper tobacco leaf grades in plot demonstration (2024)

[0176]

[0177] Table 5 Investigation results of economic characters of upper tobacco leaves in plot comparison test (2023)

[0178]

[0179] Table 6 Investigation results of economic characters of upper tobacco leaves in plot demonstration (2024)

[0180]

[0181] 2.3 The application of the patented product significantly improves the appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves

[0182] Appearance quality is the most intuitive external manifestation of the internal quality of tobacco leaves. By using a quantitative evaluation method to evaluate the appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves under different treatments, the results show that the results of the plot comparison test in 2023 show that the maturity of the patented product is the highest, significantly higher than that of the conventional control, and the difference reaches a significant level. At the same time, it is also significantly higher than a certain ripening product. With the improvement of the maturity of tobacco leaves, the color of the leaves is improved, the leaf color tissue structure becomes better, and the oil content increases. Among them, the color, tissue structure, oil content and total score are all significantly higher than those of the conventional control. The appearance quality of a certain ripening product is better than that of the conventional control, but the effect does not reach a significant level.

[0183] The demonstration verification results in 2024 also show that the appearance quality of the upper flue-cured tobacco leaves in the tobacco fields using the patented product has been significantly improved. Among them, the improvement effects of the identity and structure of the upper leaves reach a significant level, and the total score is significantly higher than that of the conventional control.

[0184] The experimental verification results show that the patented product has a significant effect on improving the maturity of flue-cured tobacco leaves and thus improving the overall appearance quality of tobacco leaves.

[0185] Table 7 Evaluation Results of the Appearance Quality of Upper-leaf Tobacco in the Plot Comparative Experiment (2023)

[0186]

[0187] Table 8 Evaluation Results of the Appearance Quality of Upper-leaf Tobacco in the Plot Demonstration Experiment (2024)

[0188]

[0189] 2.4 Application of the Patent Product Improves the Potassium Content of Tobacco Leaves and the Coordination of Tobacco Leaf Chemical Components

[0190] Table 9 Determination Results of Chemical Components of Upper-leaf Tobacco in the Plot Comparative Experiment (2023)

[0191]

[0192] Table 10 Determination Results of Chemical Components of Upper-leaf Tobacco in the Plot Demonstration Experiment (2024)

[0193]

[0194]

[0195] 2.5 Application of the Patent Product Improves the Sensory Evaluation Quality and Industrial Usability of Tobacco Leaves

[0196] From the sensory quality evaluation results of tobacco leaves in two consecutive years, the sensory quality evaluation score of tobacco leaves treated with the patent product is higher than that of the conventional control. In the plot comparative experiment, the effect of the patent product in improving the sensory quality is better than that of a certain ripening-promoting product.

[0197] Table 11 Sensory Quality Evaluation Results of Upper-leaf Tobacco in the Plot Comparative Experiment (2023)

[0198]

[0199] Table 12 Sensory Evaluation Results of Upper-leaf Tobacco in the Plot Demonstration Experiment (Henan, 2024)

[0200]

[0201] Production verification shows that spraying the patent product can significantly promote the ripening process of field tobacco leaves and the level of leaf maturity. The yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves after product application are better than those of the conventional control. In comparison with the effect of a certain ripening-promoting product, the patent product has been greatly improved in terms of ripening promotion and potassium enhancement. The potassium content and potassium-chlorine ratio of tobacco leaves are more inclined to the appropriate range of industrial usability, the proportion of top-grade tobacco has increased, and the economic benefits and raw material quality of tobacco leaves have been significantly improved.

[0202] II. Evidence Related to the Technical Effects Obtained in the Embodiments of the Present Invention

[0203] (1) Screening and Verification Test of Plant Growth Regulators

[0204] There are various types of current plant growth regulators. By analyzing the growth regulation effects of existing products on upper tobacco leaves, applicable products are finally screened out. After topping the tobacco plants, 14-hydroxy brassinolide, a certain amino acid product, and a certain enzyme preparation product are sprayed onto the upper tobacco leaves at appropriate concentrations, with spraying clear water as the blank control.

[0205] 1. Investigation Contents

[0206] (1) Leaf expansion degree: For the 1st to 6th leaves counted from the top, measure the leaf length and width before application and at the flat top stage respectively. Leaf expansion degree = leaf width (cm) / leaf length (cm), and the change in expansion degree = expansion degree at the flat top stage - expansion degree at the topping stage.

[0207] (2) Grades of cured tobacco leaves: After grading the cured tobacco according to the national standard for flue-cured tobacco grading, calculate the proportions of upper, middle, and lower grade tobacco.

[0208] (3) Evaluation of the appearance quality of cured tobacco leaves: Maturity, color, identity, tissue structure, oil content, and chroma.

[0209] (4) Chemical components: Analysis of the coordination of conventional chemical components and the potassium-chlorine ratio, etc.

[0210] 2. Test Results

[0211] As can be seen from Table 13, in terms of the change in the expansion degree of the upper 6 leaves, after spraying 14-hydroxy brassinolide, the widths of the 1st to 5th leaves become larger, and the leaf expansion effect is significantly better than that of the conventional control and other products. The treatment with the highest proportion of upper grade tobacco in Table 14 is 14-hydroxy brassinolide; as can be seen from Table 15, the tobacco leaves sprayed with 14-hydroxy brassinolide have the highest maturity and the highest appearance quality score; as can be seen from Table 16, the tobacco leaves sprayed with 14-hydroxy brassinolide have the highest potassium content.

[0212] Through test screening and comprehensive analysis, the production verification effect of 14-hydroxy brassinolide is the best.

[0213] Table 13 Change in the expansion degree of the upper 6 leaves

[0214]

[0215] Table 14 Grade composition of cured tobacco leaves after different treatments

[0216]

[0217] Table 15 Comparison of the appearance quality of cured tobacco leaves after different treatments

[0218]

[0219] Comparison of Chemical Components of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves after Different Treatments

[0220]

[0221]

[0222] (2) Production Verification of Types, Dosages and Methods of Potassium Fertilizer Sprayed on Tobacco Leaves

[0223] Improving the utilization efficiency of potassium fertilizer is the key to increasing the potassium content in tobacco leaves. As can be seen from Table 18, the potassium requirement of flue-cured tobacco is mainly concentrated in the middle and late stages of tobacco leaf growth. The potassium requirement during the vigorous growth period and the maturity period reaches 70-80% of the whole growth period. Wang Fengcheng (2024) compared various potassium fertilizers sprayed on the leaf surface and proved that potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a commonly used foliar fertilizer for spraying potassium fertilizer on the leaf surface of flue-cured tobacco in the middle and late stages, and is more suitable for the production application of improving the quality of tobacco leaves than other types of potassium fertilizers applied as base fertilizer or sprayed. Wu Junlin (2017) showed that it is difficult to increase the potassium content in tobacco leaves only by spraying a single foliar potassium fertilizer. The main factor restricting the low potassium content in tobacco leaves is the low absorption and utilization rate of potassium fertilizer.

[0224] Based on this, by screening and verifying the types of potassium fertilizers and reasonable ratios that can improve the potassium absorption and utilization efficiency of tobacco leaves, the aim is to increase the potassium content in tobacco leaves.

[0225] Table 17 Distribution of Nutrient Requirements at Each Growth Stage of Flue-cured Tobacco

[0226]

[0227] Table 18 Total Nutrient Requirements during the Whole Growth Period of Flue-cured Tobacco

[0228]

[0229] 1. Formulate Methods for Types and Dosage Ratios of Potassium Fertilizer

[0230] 1.1 Select Suitable Types of Potassium Fertilizer

[0231] The main type of potassium fertilizer currently used for spraying on the leaf surface of tobacco leaves is potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Potassium polyol is commonly used for fruits and vegetables, and numerous studies have proven that it has a significant effect on enhancing color and increasing potassium.

[0232] Potassium polyol has the ability to transport potassium through two channels, can improve the cell membrane permeability, enhance the absorption and utilization of potassium elements, and protect the integrity of the cell membrane to prevent potassium loss under adverse conditions. Therefore, it is widely used in improving the potassium content and quality of crops. To further clarify the role of potassium polyol in tobacco production, the potassium-enhancing effects of single potassium polyol and mixed potassium polyol were verified through production tests.

[0233] Table 19 Types, Properties and Application Methods of Potassium Polyol Fertilizers Commonly Used in Agricultural Production

[0234]

[0235] 1.2 Formulate the potassium fertilizer application rate and ratio plan

[0236] 1.2.1 Application rate calculation

[0237] Based on the fertilizer requirements of flue-cured tobacco in Table 17, calculate with 40% of the potassium fertilizer demand ratio. Then, apply 2.1 kg of potassium (K2O) and 0.27 kg of phosphorus (P2O5) per mu.

[0238] According to the requirements of different potassium fertilizer foliar spraying concentrations, the dilution multiples of potassium sugar alcohol are 800 - 1200 times, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is diluted to a concentration of 0.2% - 0.3%. The P2O5 content of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is about 52%, and the K2O content is about 34%. 0.27 kg of P2O5 is required per mu, and the application rate of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.519 kg / mu; potassium sugar alcohol supplements 1.98 kg of K2O per mu.

[0239] The K2O contents of different types of potassium sugar alcohol are not exactly the same. Among them, the K2O contents of potassium xylitol, potassium erythritol, and potassium mannitol are generally 50%, 55%, and 60% respectively.

[0240] 1.2.2 Experimental treatment design

[0241] Treatment 1: 0.52 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 3.96 kg / mu of potassium xylitol;

[0242] Treatment 2: 0.52 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 3.60 kg / mu of potassium erythritol;

[0243] Treatment 3: 0.52 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 3.30 kg / mu of potassium mannitol;

[0244] Treatment 4: 0.52 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 3.70 kg / mu of compound potassium sugar alcohol

[0245] 1.2.3 Experimental methods and measurement contents

[0246] Select a tobacco-growing area where the ripening and yellowing of tobacco leaves are relatively slow. For tobacco fields where the upper and middle leaves are difficult to turn yellow, after spraying the 4 formulated products 2 - 3 times, collect the SPAD values of the leaves to analyze the yellowing situation in the field; mark them separately and then harvest and string them on poles. After unified baking, classify the tobacco leaves of different treatments, and analyze the improvement of the proportion of top-grade tobacco leaves, economic trait investigation, and chemical component coordination analysis.

[0247] 2. Analysis of experimental results

[0248] 2.1 Comparison of the effects of different formulations on the ripening and yellowing of flue-cured tobacco leaves after baking

[0249] Table 20 Changes in leaf SPAD values ​​of different formula products

[0250]

[0251] Note: Lowercase letters represent the difference level of 0.05, the same below.

[0252] As can be seen from Table 20, spraying different foliar fertilizer formula 4, namely the mixed type of sugar alcohol potassium, has the best effect on yellowing tobacco leaves.

[0253] 2.2 Analysis of the influence of different formulations on the grade composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves

[0254] As can be seen from Table 21, Formula 4 has the highest ratio of premium and medium smoke, especially when compared with the combination of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + potassium xylitol, the effect of increasing the ratio of premium smoke reaches a significant level.

[0255] Table 21 Effect of different formula products on the grade composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves

[0256]

[0257] 2.3 Analysis of the difference in the effects of different formulations on the appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves

[0258] As can be seen from Table 22, treatment 4 has the highest tobacco leaf maturity and is significantly effective in improving tobacco leaf tissue structure, oil content and color. Treatment 4 has the highest comprehensive score.

[0259] Table 22 Effect of different formula products on the appearance quality of the upper tobacco leaves after curing

[0260]

[0261] 2.4 Analysis of the effects of different formulations on the conventional chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves

[0262] From Table 23, it can be seen that treatment 4 has the highest potassium content in tobacco leaves, which is significantly different from treatment 3, and the potassium-chlorine ratios of the four formulas are not significantly different. Overall, treatment 4 has the best effect in improving potassium in tobacco leaves.

[0263] Table 23 Analysis of the differences in conventional chemical composition of the upper part after baking in different formula products

[0264]

[0265] 3. Test results

[0266] Judging from the test results, treatment 4, in which the three types of potassium sugar alcohols were mixed in a specific proportion and applied together with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, had the highest efficiency in potassium fertilizer absorption and utilization in tobacco leaves.

[0267] (III) Comparison of production efficiency of patented formula products and other products

[0268] By combining potassium-extracting products with plant growth regulators (chlormequat chloride for preventing excessive growth of tobacco leaves and 14-hydroxybrassinolide for regulating the opening degree of upper leaves), under different fertilization modes, the effects of different regulation and control technical measures were analyzed and compared with common technical products in current production, and the product performance was verified through production.

[0269] 1. Test Treatments and Measurement Contents

[0270] Three treatments were designed for the test: the product of this patent, a certain ripening-promoting product, and girdling technology, with conventional production as the blank control.

[0271] Under the conventional fertilization mode and the mode of partially replacing inorganic fertilizer with organic fertilizer respectively, the application verification of technical products was carried out. The plots were divided according to the treatments, with 3 replicates designed for each treatment. They were sprayed 2 - 3 times respectively. After marking and harvesting the tobacco leaves, the leaves were separately strung on poles and uniformly baked. The output value analysis and quality evaluation analysis of the baked tobacco leaves were carried out.

[0272] 2. Analysis of Test Results

[0273] 2.1 The patent product significantly shortens the harvesting period and improves the maturity consistency of tobacco leaves

[0274] By recording the duration from the initial harvesting period to the final harvesting period in the field, applying the patent product can advance the maturity period, and the field yellowing in layers is highly neat.

[0275] Table 24 Comparison of Mature Harvesting Periods

[0276]

[0277] 2.2 The patent product can significantly improve the maturity of tobacco leaves

[0278] The patent product has obvious effects on improving the maturity of tobacco leaves, reducing leaf variegation, increasing the color value of tobacco leaves, and the tissue structure. Compared with the appearance quality of baked tobacco leaves after being treated with other products, it is mainly reflected in less variegation, lower blue veins and smoothness, and the looseness of the tissue structure of upper leaves is significantly improved. Under the two fertilization modes, the fertilization of the patent product has obvious effects on improving the maturity of tobacco leaves.

[0279] Table 25 Evaluation Results of the Appearance Quality of Upper Tobacco Leaves

[0280]

[0281]

[0282]

[0283] 2.3 The patent product can significantly increase the potassium content of tobacco leaves

[0284] The test results of the chemical components of the cured tobacco leaves show that after the application of the invention patent product, the potassium content in the tobacco leaves is significantly higher than that of the blank control. Analyzing other regulatory technology products, among them, the girdling technology has a good effect on improving the maturity of tobacco leaves, but the potassium content in the tobacco leaves is lower than that of the conventional treatment. There is no significant change in the potassium content after applying a certain ripening product compared with the conventional control (see Table 26 for details).

[0285] Table 26 Changes in the chemical components of the upper tobacco leaves

[0286]

[0287] 2.4 The patent product can significantly increase the proportion of high-quality tobacco

[0288] From the perspective of the grade composition of the cured tobacco leaves, the proportion of high-quality tobacco of the patent product is significantly higher than that of the conventional control. Compared with other technology products, the girdling technology has a better effect on increasing the proportion of high-quality tobacco than a certain ripening product. The proportion of high-quality tobacco of both technology products is lower than that of the treatment with the patent product applied (see Table 27 for details).

[0289] Table 27 Grade composition of the cured tobacco leaves after product application

[0290]

[0291] 2.5 Analysis of the differences in sensory quality evaluation

[0292] As can be seen from Table 28, after applying the patent product of the present invention, it can improve the quality and quantity of the aroma, improve the aftertaste, reduce the irritation, and reduce the miscellaneous odor, and the effect is significantly better than that of the conventional control and other technology products. The comprehensive score is higher than that of all treatments.

[0293] Table 28 Results of the sensory quality evaluation of the upper tobacco leaves

[0294]

[0295] 3. Test results

[0296] In summary, the test results show that after the application of the present invention patent, the potassium content in the cured tobacco leaves is increased from 2.2% of the conventional control to 2.7%, and the growth rate reaches 22 percentage points. The maturity of the tobacco leaves is significantly improved, the harvesting period during the maturity period is shortened, and the sensory quality is significantly improved. The product not only improves the maturity of the tobacco leaves, but also has a significantly better effect on improving the quality of the tobacco leaves than other technology products.

[0297] From the comparison of the test results in multiple aspects, the formulated product of the present invention, namely potassium chelated with sugar alcohols (erythritol, xylitol, mannitol and mineral source potassium), potassium dihydrogen phosphate, chlormequat chloride, and 14-hydroxy brassinolide, when used in a reasonable ratio for promoting the ripening of late-maturing leaves and increasing the potassium content of tobacco leaves in production applications, can shorten the field ripening and yellowing time, improve the proportion of high-quality tobacco leaves after baking, and enhance the quality of tobacco leaves after baking. In particular, the improvement in the maturity of tobacco leaves after baking and the potassium content of tobacco leaves is obvious. Moreover, after being packaged according to a specific ratio, it can be directly dissolved in water in the field according to the ratio, which is convenient and fast, and is conducive to application and promotion in production.

Claims

1. A field ripening and potassium-promoting composition for flue-cured tobacco, characterized in that, By volume or weight ratio, the composition comprises the following components: Sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer, containing an active ingredient of K2O greater than or equal to 550 g / L and sugar alcohol greater than or equal to 100 g / L; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, with an addition amount of 4.67 g / L; Chlormequat chloride, with an addition amount of 6.67 mL / L; 14-Hydroxy brassinolide, with an addition amount of 1.67 mL / L; The balance is water.

2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sugar alcohol potassium is formed by chelating mineral potassium with a sugar alcohol mixture composed of erythritol, mannitol and xylitol, and the content of each sugar alcohol is not less than 100 g / L.

3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composition includes two types of recycling bags: a sharp object recycling bag and a filtration recycling bag. The bottom of the sharp object recycling bag is provided with a plastic part, and the bottom of the filtration recycling bag is provided with filtration holes and its length is half of that of a common recycling bag.

4. A preparation method of the flue-cured tobacco field ripening and potassium-promoting composition as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Respectively pack the sugar alcohol potassium, chlormequat chloride and 14-hydroxy brassinolide into independent small bags according to proportions; S2. During use, pour the three liquid components into a mixing container, add 50% water and mix well, then add the weighed potassium dihydrogen phosphate, make up the remaining water volume to the specified volume and stir evenly; S3. Spraying on the leaf surface on site, and it is appropriate that the spray covers the leaves until they are wet.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sugar alcohol potassium, chlormequat chloride and 14-hydroxy brassinolide are packed in a packaging bag with a three-chamber structure. The packaging bag is made of PET material and is provided with an easy-to-tear opening and a double-layer sealing structure. The inner layer is a groove pressing seal, and the outer layer is a heat-bonding seal.

6. The three-chamber packaging bag according to claim 5, wherein The outer layer is a light-shielding composite material structure, and the overall light transmittance is not higher than 5% to prevent the photodegradation of the contained growth regulator.

7. A supporting set for promoting the ripening and increasing potassium content of flue-cured tobacco in the field, characterized in that, It includes the liquid components of the composition as described in claim 1, which are respectively packed in more than two independent compartments, and the accompanying instruction manual indicates that it is prepared and used on site according to the method described in claim 4.

8. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that The composition is applied in the late-maturing tobacco fields with excessive vegetative growth. The interval after each spraying is 7 days, and the total number of applications is 2 to 3 times. When spraying, avoid the high temperature at noon and choose to operate in the early morning or evening.

9. An instant preparation system for promoting the ripening and increasing potassium content of flue-cured tobacco for on-site application, characterized in that, It includes: A multi-chamber liquid storage bladder for storing sugar alcohol potassium, chlormequat chloride and brassinolide; A quantitative injection module, an on-line stirring module, and a spray output module; The control terminal sets the water volume ratio and stirring time, and automatically completes the liquid mixing and spraying output.

10. The formulation system according to claim 9, wherein The multi-chamber liquid storage bladder is a soft material structure, connected to the on-line injection module through a quick connector. The on-line stirring module and the spray output module are integrated in a backpack spray device for easy use in the field.

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