Ecological restoration structure and method suitable for river bank prone to landslide

Abstract

The invention relates to an ecological restoration structure and method suitable for a river bank prone to landslide. Comprising a river bank slope surface, a retaining wall located at the bottom of the river bank slope surface, a slope bottom plant buffer zone arranged between the retaining wall and the river bank slope surface, a near-shore plant buffer zone arranged between a river bank and the retaining wall and a slope top plant buffer zone arranged at the top of the river bank slope surface, climbing plants are planted between the ends of the adjacent inner pulling anchor rods. By adopting a vertical internal pulling anchor rod-transverse ecological seedling culture groove-vertical buffer strip three-dimensional combination mode, the river bank slope is reinforced, surrounding non-point source pollution is intercepted, the landscape ornamental effect is improved, compared with a river bank treatment mode of single anchor rod reinforcement, the ecological function is higher, the river pollution load intercepting capacity and the ornamental value are greatly improved, and the ecological effect is better. The method is more suitable for the working conditions of large slope angles and easy landslide of river banks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of river ecological restoration, and particularly to an ecological restoration structure and method for river banks prone to landslides. Background Art

[0002] River ecological restoration refers to using the principles of ecological systems and adopting various methods to repair the biological groups and structures of damaged water body ecological systems, reconstruct a healthy aquatic ecological system, repair and strengthen the main functions of the water body ecological system, and enable the ecological system to achieve a virtuous cycle of overall coordination, self-maintenance, and self-succession. A river bank refers to the edge or coastal area of a river, which is the transitional area between the river and the land. Usually, it refers to the boundary line where the river water contacts the surrounding land, or it can also refer to the land on both sides of the river. River banks are formed by the scouring, erosion, and sedimentation of river water and will change continuously due to the change of river water level. The topography and characteristics of river banks depend on factors such as the speed of the river, water volume, and the nature of bottom sediments. River banks can be steep cliffs or gentle beaches or river flats. A landslide is a sliding phenomenon that occurs when slope rock and soil masses move along a continuous shear failure surface. The mechanism of a landslide is that the shear stress on a certain sliding surface exceeds the shear strength of this surface.

[0003] The ecological restoration of river banks is mainly greatly affected by human activities, including river flood control, water conservancy regulation, agricultural irrigation, etc. The main problems faced in the process of river bank slope restoration include: 1. Poor protection of river bank slopes, resulting in slope instability and collapse; 2. Insufficient ecological measures in the process of river protection; 3. Less ecological vegetation on the river bank line, with poor protection and filtering effects on surface runoff; 4. Insufficient vertical ecological protection in the restoration process of easily collapsible sections during the restoration of natural river banks. Therefore, in view of the existing problems of the river situation, it is very necessary to carry out ecological restoration of river banks.

[0004] In China, the work on river bank ecological restoration research lags behind that of developed countries in terms of theory and technology, but it has developed rapidly in recent years. Some measures for river bank ecological restoration have been continuously summarized and improved in the actual production process. Regarding the ecologicalization during the slope restoration process, ensuring slope safety is the primary condition, and at the same time, ecological functions are taken into account, forming certain scientific and technological achievements. In recent years, with the in-depth promotion of the country's river ecological governance work, river bank slopes have also been extensively treated and restored, especially in urban rivers, where obvious improvements have been made.

[0005] However, the inventors of the present application have discovered that the above-mentioned technology still has the following problems: the lack of ecological restoration measures for riverbanks prone to landslides during the river slope management process, the poor ecology during the restoration process when the river slope height difference is large or the slope is steep, and the lack of pollution load reduction function in river slope restoration. For example, the interception efficiency in the process of dealing with agricultural non-point source pollution entering the river is poor, and the ecology is poor during the management of slopes prone to landslides. These problems have resulted in poor river ecological restoration effects. Current technologies focus on safety protection, lack ecology and ornamental features, have weak purification functions for non-point source water bodies, and cannot reduce the pollution load entering the river. Therefore, further research and development on the above-mentioned technical problems is of great practical significance for supplementing river ecological management methods, promoting river ecological restoration, and reducing pollution entering the river. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a river bank ecological restoration structure and method suitable for landslide-prone river banks.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A riverbank ecological restoration structure suitable for landslide-prone riverbanks comprises a riverbank slope, a retaining wall at the bottom of the riverbank slope, a slope bottom plant buffer zone between the retaining wall and the riverbank slope, and a nearshore plant buffer zone between the riverbank and the retaining wall. The riverbank slope is provided with a plurality of inner pull anchor rods from bottom to top, and climbing plants are planted between the ends of adjacent inner pull anchor rods.

[0009] According to the above technical scheme, preferably, a planting blanket is laid on the river bank slope, and the interior of the planting blanket includes a net and plant fibers, which serve as a force and water supply for the climbing plants. An ecological seedling trough is arranged between the ends of adjacent inner pull anchor rods, and the ecological seedling trough is filled with plant planting nutrient soil, and the climbing plants are planted on the plant planting nutrient soil.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, preferably, the depth of the inner-pull anchor rod driven into the river bank slope needs to reach the medium-weathered rock layer, the spacing between adjacent inner-pull anchor rods is 2-5m, the inner-pull anchor rod is a hot-rolled ribbed steel bar with a reverse hook welded on the outer side, and the end of the inner-pull anchor rod is connected to the ecological seedling trough by concrete pouring.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, preferably, the climbing plant includes one or more combinations of Parthenocissus, Parthenocissus trifoliatus, Parthenocissus quinquefolius, and Parthenocissus microphylla of the genus Parthenocissus of the Vitaceae family.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, preferably, planting soil is backfilled between the retaining wall and the river bank slope, a drainage pipe is set at the bottom of the planting soil, which is connected to the river surface through the drainage pipe, and plants are planted on the planting soil to form the plant buffer zone at the bottom of the slope.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, preferably, a sand filtration and planting layer is arranged between the retaining wall and the river bank. The sand filtration and planting layer includes a sand filtration layer, a gravel layer, and a pebble layer arranged from top to bottom. Plants are planted on the sand filtration and planting layer to form the near-shore plant buffer zone.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, preferably, a drainage ditch is arranged at the top of the river bank slope, and plants are planted beside the drainage ditch to form the slope-top plant buffer zone.

[0015] The present application also discloses an ecological restoration method for a river bank prone to landslides. Based on the above ecological restoration structure for a river bank prone to landslides, the method includes the following steps:

[0016] S1. Conduct a river channel ecological survey, which includes systematically surveying the natural conditions of the geological structure, stability, hydrological characteristics, plant community, and ecological characteristics of the river channel slope to determine the planting varieties of the slope-top plant buffer zone, slope-bottom plant buffer zone, near-shore plant buffer zone, and climbing plants.

[0017] S2. Determine the length and layout spacing of the internal tension anchors, select the corresponding anchor size and drilling depth, drill pre-embedded holes on the slope, the depth of the pre-embedded holes should reach the moderately weathered rock layer, place the welded internal tension anchors into the pre-embedded holes, and inject slightly expanded concrete.

[0018] S3. Determine the vertical interval and horizontal spacing distance of each layer of the ecological seedling cultivation tank, lay the planting blanket, and pour concrete into the ecological seedling cultivation tank between the ends of two adjacent internal tension anchors. After the concrete of the ecological seedling cultivation tank is formed, fill the tank with planting soil and plant the climbing plants.

[0019] S4. Set a retaining wall at the bottom of the river channel slope, backfill the planting soil between the bottom of the river channel slope and the retaining wall, and arrange a sand filtration layer and lay a drainage pipe between the retaining wall and the river channel.

[0020] S5. Arrange a drainage ditch at the top of the river channel slope by means of concrete pouring.

[0021] S6. Plant plants at the positions of the slope-top plant buffer zone, slope-bottom plant buffer zone, and near-shore plant buffer zone.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] The present invention adopts a three-dimensional combination method of longitudinal internal tension anchor rods - transverse ecological seedling-raising troughs - vertical buffer zones to reinforce the riverbank slopes, intercept surrounding non-point source pollution, and enhance the landscape viewing effect. Compared with the single-anchor rod reinforcement method for riverbank treatment, it has stronger ecological functions, significantly improves the ability to intercept the pollution load entering the river, and greatly enhances the ornamental value. It is more suitable for working conditions with large slope angles and easily landslide riverbanks.

[0024] Meanwhile, the plants selected in the planting troughs of the present invention are climbing plants, which have characteristics such as being tolerant of barrenness, shade tolerance, strong adaptability, high ornamental value, and strong slope protection ability. The plants in the buffer zones have well-developed roots, strong filtering ability, and can improve the ability of the riverbank buffer zones to remove pollution load, purifying the non-point source pollution on both sides of the riverbank. In addition, drainage ditches are arranged upstream of the riverbank, and after collection, they are discharged centrally to reduce the infiltration of rainwater causing slopes. The sand filtration layer downstream of the riverbank further filters the pollution entering the river. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 is the front view structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 is the partial structural schematic diagram of the internal tension anchor rod part of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure: 1, internal tension anchor rod; 101, reverse hook; 102, embedded hole; 103, external anchor head; 2, ecological seedling-raising trough; 3, plant planting nutrient soil; 4, climbing plant; 5, planting blanket; 6, retaining wall; 7, drain pipe; 8, slope bottom plant buffer zone; 801, near-shore plant buffer zone; 802, slope top plant buffer zone; 9, sand filtration planting layer; 10, drainage ditch. Detailed Embodiments

[0028] In order to enable those skilled in the art of the present technology to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following further detailed description of the present invention is made in conjunction with the drawings and the best embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0029] In the description of the invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention.

[0030] In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "setting", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] Embodiment 1: As shown in the figure, the present invention includes a riverbank slope surface, a retaining wall 6 located at the bottom of the riverbank slope surface, a bottom slope plant buffer zone 8 provided between the retaining wall 6 and the riverbank slope surface, and a near-shore plant buffer zone 801 provided between the riverbank and the retaining wall 6. A plurality of internal tension anchors 1 are arranged on the riverbank slope surface from bottom to top, and the number is determined according to the height of the riverbank. Climbing plants 4 are planted between the ends of adjacent internal tension anchors 1.

[0032] Among them, the depth of the internal tension anchor 1 driven into the riverbank slope surface needs to reach the moderately weathered rock stratum. The spacing between adjacent internal tension anchors 1 is 2-5 m, and they are arranged in a plum blossom shape. The length of the anchor is 6-8 m, and the diameter is 20 mm. The internal tension anchor 1 is a hot-rolled ribbed steel bar, and a reverse hook 101 is welded on its outer side. The reverse hooks 101 on the internal tension anchor 1 are arranged at intervals and are non-coplanar. The interval between adjacent two reverse hooks 101 is 1 m, and the included angle is 120°. The reverse hook 101 is made of a hot-rolled ribbed steel bar with a diameter of 6 mm.

[0033] A planting blanket 5 is laid on the river channel bank slope. The interior of the planting blanket 5 includes a net and plant fibers, and no plant seeds are provided. It serves as the force application and water supply for the climbing plants 4. Its width is 2 m, and its length is determined according to the height of the slope surface. An ecological seedling raising tank 2 is arranged between the ends (outer anchor heads 103) of adjacent internal tension anchors 1. The depth inside the tank is 0.2 m, and it is arranged perpendicular to the slope surface. In this example, the outer anchor head 103 of the internal tension anchor 1 is connected to the ecological seedling raising tank 2 by means of concrete pouring. The ecological seedling raising tank 2 is filled with plant planting nutrient soil 3, and the climbing plants 4 are planted on the plant planting nutrient soil 3. In this example, the climbing plants 4 include one or a combination of multiple species such as Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Parthenocissus semicordata, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, and Parthenocissus chinensis in the genus Parthenocissus of the Vitaceae family.

[0034] Backfill planting soil between the retaining wall 6 and the riverbank slope. A drain pipe 7 is arranged at the bottom of the planting soil and connected to the river surface through the drain pipe 7. Plants are planted on the planting soil to form the slope-bottom plant buffer zone 8. A sand filtration planting layer 9 is arranged between the retaining wall 6 and the riverbank, with a width of 0.5 m. The sand filtration planting layer 9 includes a sand filtration layer, a gravel layer, and a pebble layer arranged from top to bottom. Plants are planted on the sand filtration planting layer 9 to form the near-shore plant buffer zone 801. A drain ditch 10 is arranged at the top of the riverbank slope, and plants are planted beside the drain ditch 10 to form the slope-top plant buffer zone 802. In this example, preferably for the near-shore plant buffer zone 801, the slope-bottom plant buffer zone 8, and the slope-top plant buffer zone 802, the plant buffer zones are successively submersed plants, floating-leaved plants, emergent plants, hygrophytic plants, herbs, shrubs, and arbors from the water surface to the land, in one or more combinations.

[0035] Embodiment 2: The present application also discloses an ecological restoration method suitable for a landslide-prone riverbank. Based on the above ecological restoration structure suitable for a landslide-prone riverbank, it includes the following steps:

[0036] S1. Conduct a river ecological survey, which includes systematically investigating the natural conditions such as the geological structure, stability, hydrological characteristics, plant community, and ecological characteristics of the riverbank slope, and designing slope protection according to the survey results.

[0037] Determine the planting varieties of the slope-top plant buffer zone 802, the slope-bottom plant buffer zone 8, the near-shore plant buffer zone 801, and the climbing plants 4 to ensure the suitability of the plant buffer zones and the climbing plants 4.

[0038] S2. Determine the length and layout spacing of the internal tension anchor rods 1, select the corresponding anchor rod size and drilling depth, drill pre-embedded holes 102 on the slope, the depth of the pre-embedded holes 102 should reach the moderately weathered rock layer, place the welded internal tension anchor rods 1 into the pre-embedded holes 102, and inject slightly expanded concrete.

[0039] S3. Determine the vertical interval and horizontal spacing distance of each layer of the ecological seedling-raising troughs 2 to protect the slope protection safety and ensure the structural parameters required for stabilizing the slope.

[0040] Sort out the easily collapsible slope to make the slope flat, which is convenient for laying the planting carpet 5 while ensuring stability, prevent the planting carpet 5 from being punctured by sharp protrusions on the slope, lay the planting carpet 5, lay it from top to bottom along the slope, lay it at the bottom of the drain ditch 10 upstream for fixation, overlap the slope in the same direction, and fix it with soil nails after laying.

[0041] Concrete is poured into the ecological seedling-raising troughs 2 between the ends of adjacent internal tension anchor rods 1 and cured. After the concrete of the ecological seedling-raising troughs 2 is formed, fill the troughs with 20 cm of planting soil and plant the climbing plants 4.

[0042] S4. A retaining wall 6 is provided at the bottom of the riverbank slope. Backfill planting soil between the bottom of the riverbank slope and the retaining wall 6, and arrange a sand filter layer between the retaining wall 6 and the river, and lay a drain pipe 7.

[0043] S5. A drainage ditch 10 is arranged at the top of the riverbank slope by means of concrete pouring.

[0044] S6. Plant plants at the positions of the slope-top plant buffer zone 802, the slope-bottom plant buffer zone 8, and the near-shore plant buffer zone 801. Among them, the slope-bottom plant buffer zone 8 is planted mainly with herbaceous plants, shrubs, and arbor plants with developed roots. The near-shore plant buffer zone 801 is planted mainly with emergent plants and hygrophytic plants. The slope-top plant buffer zone 802 selects herbaceous plants, shrubs, and arbor plants with a sewage interception function. The plant combination is one or more combinations, determined according to the size of the site. For example, submerged plants and floating-leaved plants are planted in the river, emergent plants are planted on the riverbank slope, shrubs are planted in the sand filter layer, and a combination of herbaceous plants and arbors and shrubs is planted on the slope top.

[0045] After the plant planting is completed, timely maintenance is carried out. Water is poured daily for the first 7 days, every other day for the next 7 days, and once a week for the next half month, and maintenance work such as weeding and pest control is done well.

[0046] In summary, the present application provides a three-dimensional protection structure form of "underwater - shore - riverbank slope - both sides of the riverbank", forming an ecological restoration measure and method applicable to easily landslide riverbanks. By using the three-layer buffer structures of the near-shore, slope-bottom, and slope-top combined with the three-layer water filtration structures, the ecological restoration of the slope is realized; the vertical stability form of combining internal tension anchor rods with ecological seedling cultivation grooves is adopted to reinforce the riverbank, which is more ecological than the single anchor rod reinforcement in the current technology and is more applicable to various riverbanks in need of ecological restoration such as those with large slope angles and easily landslide riverbanks, and has important practical significance for supplementing river ecological governance means, promoting river ecological restoration, and reducing river pollution.

[0047] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can still be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration structure suitable for the riverbank prone to landslides, characterized in that, It includes a riverbank slope, a retaining wall (6) located at the bottom of the riverbank slope, a slope-bottom plant buffer zone (8) provided between the retaining wall (6) and the riverbank slope, and a near-shore plant buffer zone (801) provided between the riverbank and the retaining wall (6). A plurality of internal tension bolts (1) are arranged on the riverbank slope from bottom to top, and climbing plants (4) are planted between the ends of adjacent internal tension bolts (1).

2. The ecological restoration structure for a landslide-prone riverbank according to claim 1, wherein A planting blanket (5) is laid on the river channel bank slope. The interior of the planting blanket (5) includes a net and plant fibers, which serve as the support and water supply for the climbing plants (4). An ecological seedling cultivation groove (2) is arranged between the ends of adjacent internal tension bolts (1). The ecological seedling cultivation groove (2) is filled with plant planting nutrient soil (3), and the climbing plants (4) are planted on the plant planting nutrient soil (3).

3. The ecological restoration structure for a landslide-prone riverbank according to claim 2, characterized in that, The depth of the internal tension bolt (1) driven into the riverbank slope needs to reach the moderately weathered rock stratum. The internal tension bolt (1) is a hot-rolled ribbed steel bar, and an inverted hook (101) is welded on its outer side. The end of the internal tension bolt (1) is connected to the ecological seedling cultivation groove (2) by means of concrete pouring.

4. The ecological restoration structure for a landslide-prone riverbank according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that The climbing plants (4) include one or more combinations of Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Parthenocissus semicordata, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, and Parthenocissus chinensis in the genus Parthenocissus of the Vitaceae family.

5. The ecological restoration structure for a bank prone to landslides according to claim 3, characterized in that The spacing between adjacent internal tension bolts (1) is 2 - 5 m.

6. The ecological restoration structure for a landslide-prone riverbank according to claim 1, wherein Backfill planting soil between the retaining wall (6) and the riverbank slope. A drain pipe (7) is arranged at the bottom of the planting soil and is connected to the river surface through the drain pipe (7). Plants are planted on the planting soil to form the slope-bottom plant buffer zone (8).

7. The ecological restoration structure applicable to the easily landslide riverbank according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, A sand filtration planting layer (9) is arranged between the retaining wall (6) and the riverbank. Plants are planted on the sand filtration planting layer (9) to form the near-shore plant buffer zone (801).

8. The ecological restoration structure for a bank prone to landslides according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sand filtration planting layer (9) includes a sand filtration layer, a gravel layer, and a pebble layer arranged from top to bottom.

9. The ecological restoration structure for a landslide-prone riverbank according to claim 1, wherein, A drain ditch (10) is arranged at the top of the riverbank slope, and plants are planted beside the drain ditch (10) to form a slope-top plant buffer zone (802).

10. A method for ecological restoration of riverbanks prone to landslides, based on the ecological restoration structure for riverbanks prone to landslides described in claims 1-9, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Conduct a river channel ecological survey. The river channel ecological survey includes systematically investigating the natural conditions such as the geological structure, stability, hydrological characteristics, plant community, and ecological characteristics of the river channel slope, and determining the planting varieties of the slope-top plant buffer zone (802), slope-bottom plant buffer zone (8), near-shore plant buffer zone (801), and climbing plants (4). S2. Determine the length and layout spacing of the internal tension bolts (1), select the corresponding bolt size and drilling depth, drill pre-embedded holes (102) on the slope. The depth of the pre-embedded holes (102) needs to reach the moderately weathered rock stratum. Place the welded internal tension bolts (1) into the pre-embedded holes (102) and inject slightly expanding concrete. S3. Determine the vertical interval and horizontal spacing distance of each layer of the ecological seedling cultivation grooves (2), lay the planting blanket (5), and conduct concrete pouring for the ecological seedling cultivation grooves (2) between the ends of adjacent internal tension bolts (1). After the concrete of the ecological seedling cultivation grooves (2) is formed, fill the grooves with planting soil and plant the climbing plants (4). S4. A retaining wall (6) is provided at the bottom of the river channel slope. Backfill planting soil is carried out between the bottom of the river channel slope and the retaining wall (6), and a sand filter layer is arranged between the retaining wall (6) and the river channel, and a drain pipe (7) is laid; S5. A drainage ditch (10) is arranged at the top of the river channel slope by means of concrete pouring; S6. Plants are planted at the positions of the slope top plant buffer zone (802), the slope bottom plant buffer zone (8), and the near-shore plant buffer zone (801).

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