Single oil nozzle multi-port injection dynamic mixing transient switching control system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a single oil nozzle multi-port injection dynamic mixing transient switching control system and method, and relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines. An oil injector body is connected with an oil inlet connector, and an armature, an electromagnetic coil, a spring and an ejector pin are arranged in the oil injector body; the auxiliary fuel channel is added on the basis of a traditional single-fuel oil injector, and the auxiliary fuel channel and the main fuel are injected and mixed in a crossed mode at an angle on the oil injection nozzle, so that the main fuel and the auxiliary fuel are fully mixed and atomized. A main fuel channel and an auxiliary fuel channel of the fuel injector are both connected to the electric control system, and in the operation process of the power system, the electric control system adjusts the main fuel injection proportion and the auxiliary fuel injection proportion under different requirements of high-load operation and low-load operation of an automobile through accelerator feedback so as to achieve soot regulation and control under different power outputs. And the purpose of dynamically reducing the use of fossil fuel is achieved on the premise of meeting the power requirement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines, and particularly to a single injector multi-orifice injection dynamic mixing transient switching control system and method. Background Art

[0002] As the core power in the fields of transportation, industrial production, etc., internal combustion engines are widely used, but they are facing the dual challenges of energy and environment. Traditional internal combustion engines mostly adopt single fuel injection and combustion methods, such as gasoline and diesel engines. Fossil fuels are non-renewable and their reserves are decreasing. Single fuel combustion is likely to produce a large amount of harmful pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, soot particles, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons, etc., which seriously harm the environment and human health.

[0003] Although some dual-fuel technologies have been applied, most of them use two injectors to inject two fuels respectively, which have the problems of complex structure and high cost. The fuel mixing uniformity is poor, the combustion is incomplete, the thermal efficiency is low, and it is difficult to effectively reduce the soot and nitrogen oxide emissions. Moreover, the combustion mode switching is not flexible, and it cannot be dynamically adjusted according to different engine operating conditions, making it difficult to achieve the best matching of fuel, fuel supply, injection, and combustion methods.

[0004] Traditional fuel injection strategies are fixed and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to real-time operating conditions, which cannot meet the performance requirements of the engine under different operating conditions, resulting in insufficient power and increased fuel consumption. At the same time, the lack of real-time monitoring and feedback adjustment of the combustion process affects the engine performance and emission levels.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for innovative internal combustion engine single injector multi-orifice injection dynamic mixing transient switching control systems and methods to improve engine performance, reduce energy consumption and emissions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a single injector multi-orifice injection dynamic mixing transient switching control system and method, which solves the technical problems in the background art.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, a single injector multi-orifice injection dynamic mixing transient switching control system provided by the present invention includes: an injector body, an oil inlet joint is connected to the injector body, an armature, an electromagnetic coil, a spring, and a thimble are respectively arranged inside the injector body, the armature is within the magnetic field action range of the electromagnetic coil, and the armature is connected to the thimble;

[0008] The injector body is also respectively provided with a first high-pressure connecting pipe, a main fuel nozzle, and an auxiliary fuel nozzle. The inlet of the auxiliary fuel nozzle is communicated with the first high-pressure connecting pipe, and the inlet of the main fuel nozzle is communicated with the oil inlet joint;

[0009] The thimble is movably installed in the main fuel nozzle for controlling the ejection of the main fuel.

[0010] When the electromagnetic coil is energized to generate a magnetic field, the armature will drive the thimble to move under the action of the magnetic force; when the electromagnetic coil is de-energized and the magnetic field disappears, the armature and the thimble will reset under the action of the spring; the first high-pressure connecting pipe is connected to the supply port of the auxiliary fuel through a first solenoid valve, and the spraying of the auxiliary fuel is controlled by the on-off of the first solenoid valve.

[0011] In some embodiments, the auxiliary fuel injection nozzles include a first auxiliary nozzle, a second auxiliary nozzle, a third auxiliary nozzle, and a fourth auxiliary nozzle. The inlets of the first auxiliary nozzle, the second auxiliary nozzle, the third auxiliary nozzle, and the fourth auxiliary nozzle are all connected to the first high-pressure connecting pipe; a first solenoid valve is provided on the first high-pressure connecting pipe to control the on-off of the auxiliary fuel.

[0012] In some embodiments, the outlets of the first auxiliary nozzle, the second auxiliary nozzle, the third auxiliary nozzle, and the fourth auxiliary nozzle are respectively inclined at different angles with the main fuel nozzle to form cross-mixed injection.

[0013] In some embodiments, the inclination angles of the outlets of the first auxiliary nozzle, the second auxiliary nozzle, the third auxiliary nozzle, and the fourth auxiliary nozzle with the main fuel nozzle are 60°, 65°, 70°, and 75° respectively, and the auxiliary nozzles are evenly distributed around the main fuel nozzle.

[0014] In some embodiments, the main fuel sprayed by the main fuel nozzle is gasoline.

[0015] In some embodiments, the auxiliary fuel sprayed by the auxiliary fuel nozzle is a carbon-neutral fuel, and the carbon-neutral fuel includes one or a mixture of ammonia, ethanol, and 2,5-dimethylfuran.

[0016] In some embodiments, a second high-pressure connecting pipe is further provided on the injector body. The second high-pressure connecting pipe is connected to a spraying device, and a fuel additive for optimizing and cleaning combustion is provided in the spraying device. The second high-pressure connecting pipe is connected to the inlet of the auxiliary fuel nozzle; a second solenoid valve is provided on the second high-pressure connecting pipe to control the on-off of the fuel additive.

[0017] The present invention also provides a control method for a single injector multi-port injection dynamic mixing transient switching control system, including the following steps:

[0018] S100: Real-time obtain the engine operation parameters and relevant parameters of the combustion chamber combustion condition;

[0019] S200: Select a dual-fuel mode or a single-fuel mode according to the engine operation parameters and the combustion chamber combustion condition;

[0020] S300: When the dual-fuel mode triggering conditions are met, perform the following sub-steps:

[0021] S301: Inject the main fuel through the main fuel nozzle;

[0022] S302: Inject the auxiliary fuel through the auxiliary fuel nozzle;

[0023] S303: Control the movement of the thimble and the on-off of the first high-pressure connecting pipe through the electromagnetic coil to dynamically adjust the injection time of the two fuels;

[0024] S400: When the dual-fuel mode triggering conditions are not met, perform the following sub-steps:

[0025] S401: Only supply fuel through the main fuel nozzle;

[0026] S402: Implement a multi-stage injection strategy, and the strategy includes 2-5 fuel injection actions.

[0027] In some embodiments, the dual-fuel mode triggering conditions include at least one of the following:

[0028] The engine speed exceeds 60% of the maximum speed;

[0029] The detected value of the combustion chamber temperature sensor is higher than 120 °C;

[0030] The concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust system exceeds 150 ppm or the particulate matter concentration > 5 mg / m 3 ;

[0031] The throttle opening change rate ≥ 200 ° / s and lasts for more than 0.5 seconds;

[0032] The turbocharger pressure ratio > 2.5:1;

[0033] The feedback signal intensity of the knock sensor reaches more than 80% of the critical value;

[0034] A fuel demand mutation event is triggered, including that the fuel injection amount request increases by ≥ 40% within 0.3 seconds.

[0035] In some embodiments, the multi-stage injection strategy includes:

[0036] Pre-injection stage: Inject 5%-10% of the total fuel amount during the intake stroke;

[0037] Main injection stage: Inject 70%-80% of the total fuel amount during the compression stroke;

[0038] Post-injection stage: Inject the remaining fuel amount within the crankshaft angle range of 50°-80° after top dead center.

[0039] Compared with related technologies, a single fuel injector multi-port injection dynamic hybrid transient switching control system and method provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0040] The present invention provides a single fuel injector multi-port injection dynamic hybrid transient switching control system and method. By integrating a main fuel nozzle and multiple auxiliary fuel nozzles in a single fuel injector, dynamic hybrid injection of gasoline and carbon-neutral fuel is achieved. Based on parameters such as the engine speed, combustion chamber temperature, and emission data monitored in real time, the main fuel nozzle and the auxiliary fuel nozzles cross-inject to form a swirling mixed spray, and the fuel ratio is optimized by adjusting the injection duration. Under low-load and normal operating conditions, a multi-stage gasoline injection strategy is adopted, and the combustion efficiency is improved through the timing control of pre-injection, main injection, and post-injection.

[0041] The present invention provides a single fuel injector multi-port injection dynamic hybrid transient switching control system and method, which can be directly adapted to existing traditional engines, and fuel upgrading can be achieved without complex structural modification. Through the coordinated operation of the main and auxiliary nozzles, the combustion process is significantly accelerated when mixing fuels, enabling the vehicle to obtain a more agile power response during rapid acceleration. The environmental performance is particularly outstanding, which can greatly reduce the emissions of harmful substances in the exhaust gas, while maintaining wide compatibility with conventional gasoline and biofuels, facilitating the flexible selection of fuel types in different regions. The built-in switching mechanism of the system can also automatically optimize the fuel combination according to driving requirements, taking into account both power performance and environmental requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the engine fuel injector of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the nozzle position of the fuel injector.

[0044] Reference numerals in the figure: 1, fuel inlet joint; 2, armature; 3, electromagnetic coil; 4, spring; 5, fuel injector body; 6, thimble; 7, first high-pressure connecting pipe; 8, second high-pressure connecting pipe; 9, first auxiliary nozzle; 10, second auxiliary nozzle; 11, main fuel nozzle; 12, third auxiliary nozzle; 13, fourth auxiliary nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0045] Embodiment 1

[0046] As Figure 1-2As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a single injector multi-port injection dynamic mixing transient switching system, which includes: an injector body 5, an oil inlet joint 1 is connected to the injector body 5, and an armature 2, an electromagnetic coil 3, a spring 4, and a thimble 6 are respectively arranged inside the injector body 5. The armature 2 is within the magnetic field range of the electromagnetic coil 3, and the armature 2 is fixedly connected to the thimble 6. When the electromagnetic coil 3 is energized to generate a magnetic field, the armature 2 will drive the thimble 6 to move under the action of the magnetic field force. When the electromagnetic coil 3 is de-energized and the magnetic field disappears, the armature 2 and the thimble 6 will reset under the action of the spring 4.

[0047] A first high-pressure connecting pipe 7 is further provided on the injector body 5. The first high-pressure connecting pipe 7 is communicated with the supply port of the auxiliary fuel through a first solenoid valve. A main fuel injection port 11 and an auxiliary fuel injection port are respectively arranged at the front end of the injector body 5, and the auxiliary fuel injection port is communicated with the first high-pressure connecting pipe 7.

[0048] The thimble 6 is movably installed in the main fuel injection port 11. The spraying of the main fuel is controlled by controlling the movement of the thimble 6, and the spraying of the auxiliary fuel is controlled by the on-off of the first solenoid valve.

[0049] The auxiliary fuel injection port includes a first auxiliary injection port 9, a second auxiliary injection port 10, a third auxiliary injection port 12, and a fourth auxiliary injection port 13. The inlets of the first auxiliary injection port 9, the second auxiliary injection port 10, the third auxiliary injection port 12, and the fourth auxiliary injection port 13 are all communicated with the first high-pressure connecting pipe 7.

[0050] As Figure 2 shown, the outlets of the first auxiliary injection port 9, the second auxiliary injection port 10, the third auxiliary injection port 12, and the fourth auxiliary injection port 13 are respectively inclined at 60°, 65°, 70°, and 75° to the main fuel injection port 11 to form cross-mixing injection. The arrangement of these injection ports enables the fuel to be sprayed into the internal combustion engine combustion chamber at an appropriate angle and direction, conform to the combustion chamber contour, form a swirl field, achieve good fuel mixing and combustion effects, achieve complete combustion, and improve combustion efficiency.

[0051] Among them, the inclination angle between the auxiliary injection port and the main fuel injection port 11 is 60°-80°, which can make the generated oil mist conform to the contour of common combustion chambers (such as shallow dish-shaped or roof-shaped), and multi-angle injection can avoid over-concentration or insufficient diffusion of the spray.

[0052] The main fuel injection port 11 injects gasoline, and the auxiliary fuel injection port injects carbon-neutral fuel, and the carbon-neutral fuel includes one or a mixture of ammonia, ethanol, and 2,5-dimethylfuran.

[0053] A second high-pressure connecting pipe 8 is further provided on the injector body 5. The second high-pressure connecting pipe 8 is connected to an injection device through a second solenoid valve. A fuel additive for optimizing and cleaning combustion is provided in the injection device. The second high-pressure connecting pipe 8 is communicated with the inlet of the auxiliary fuel injection port. The first high-pressure connecting pipe 7 and the second high-pressure connecting pipe 8 share the auxiliary fuel injection port. When the engine is cold-started, the oxygen-containing fuel additive is mixed with gasoline for combustion, which can reduce pollution and carbon emissions.

[0054] This embodiment also provides a control method for a single injector multi-port injection dynamic mixing transient switching system, including the following steps:

[0055] S100: Obtain the engine operating parameters and the combustion chamber combustion conditions in real time;

[0056] S200: Select the dual-fuel mode or the single-fuel mode according to the engine operating parameters and the combustion chamber combustion conditions;

[0057] S300: When the dual-fuel mode trigger condition is met, perform the following steps:

[0058] S301: Inject the main fuel through the main fuel injection port;

[0059] S302: Inject the auxiliary fuel through the auxiliary fuel injection port;

[0060] S303: Control the movement of the thimble and the on / off of the first high-pressure connecting pipe through the electromagnetic coil to dynamically adjust the injection time of the two fuels;

[0061] S400: When the dual-fuel mode trigger condition is not met, perform the following steps:

[0062] S401: Only supply fuel through the main fuel injection port;

[0063] S402: Implement a multi-stage injection strategy, and the strategy includes 2-5 fuel injection actions.

[0064] The dual-fuel mode trigger condition includes at least one of the following:

[0065] The engine speed exceeds 60% of the maximum speed;

[0066] The detection value of the combustion chamber temperature sensor is higher than 120 °C;

[0067] The concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust system exceeds 150 ppm or the particulate matter concentration > 5 mg / m 3 ;

[0068] The throttle opening change rate ≥ 200 ° / s and lasts for more than 0.5 seconds;

[0069] The turbocharger pressure ratio > 2.5:1;

[0070] The intensity of the knock sensor feedback signal reaches more than 80% of the critical value;

[0071] A fuel demand mutation event is triggered, including that the increase in fuel injection quantity request is ≥ 40% within 0.3 seconds.

[0072] The multi-stage injection strategy includes:

[0073] Pre-injection stage: Inject 5%-10% of the total fuel quantity in the middle of the intake stroke;

[0074] Main injection stage: Inject 70%-80% of the total fuel quantity at the beginning of the compression stroke;

[0075] Post-injection stage: Inject the remaining fuel quantity within the crankshaft angle range of 50°-80° after top dead center.

[0076] The multi-fuel scheme adopts a multi-injection strategy, using pre-injection of traditional diesel and gasoline fuels to ignite, the main injection provides most of the power, and the post-injection provides capabilities such as particulate filter regeneration and combustion optimization.

[0077] Embodiment 2

[0078] The system provided in this embodiment can inject fuel at any time within the range from the intake stroke to the compression stroke, so as to achieve injection combinations of fuels with different characteristics and concentrations, and can also achieve injection combinations of the same blended fuel with different concentrations, and perform auxiliary fuel injection through the auxiliary fuel nozzles.

[0079] The main fuel nozzle 11 injects the main fuel as gasoline, which is the main automotive fuel currently used in the market, and has the characteristics of wide application range and currently cannot be replaced, and is injected as the main body of the mixed gas fuel. The first auxiliary nozzle 9, the second auxiliary nozzle 10, the third auxiliary nozzle 12 and the fourth auxiliary nozzle 13 inject carbon-neutral fuels to meet the current carbon emission reduction requirements.

[0080] By mixing through the four nozzles, the carbon-neutral fuel and the main fuel gasoline can be fully mixed. According to actual tests, when doping one or a mixture of carbon-neutral fuels such as ammonia, ethanol and 2,5-dimethylfuran, the soot concentration is significantly reduced, meeting the requirements of carbon emission reduction.

[0081] The operating conditions of the engine can be divided into idle speed (600 - 1000 RPM), starting (1000 - 2000 RPM), light load (1500 - 2500 RPM), medium load (2500 - 4000 RPM), and heavy load / full load (4000 - 6000 RPM). During the cycle of the cylinder, the controller takes different injection frequencies, fuel injection amounts, and injection time ranges for each auxiliary fuel nozzle according to the engine's different load operating conditions, and controls the amount of gasoline injected through the main fuel nozzle 11.

[0082] According to the above various load conditions of the engine, by injecting auxiliary fuel, the soot particulate emissions generated during engine operation can be reduced.

[0083] Other embodiments are the same as Embodiment 1.

[0084] Embodiment 3

[0085] The main fuel nozzle 11 injects the main fuel, which is gasoline. Gasoline is the main fuel currently used in the market. It has the characteristics of a wide range of applications and cannot be replaced at present. It is injected as the main body of the mixed gas fuel. The first auxiliary nozzle 9, the second auxiliary nozzle 10, the third auxiliary nozzle 12, and the fourth auxiliary nozzle 13 inject carbon-neutral fuel to meet the current demand for carbon emission reduction.

[0086] Through mixing with four nozzles, the carbon-neutral fuel and the main fuel gasoline can be fully mixed. According to actual tests, when ammonia, ethanol, and 2,5-dimethylfuran, which are carbon-neutral fuels, are blended, the soot concentration is significantly reduced, meeting the requirements for carbon emission reduction. In this embodiment, ammonia fuel is used as the auxiliary fuel, and ammonia fuel is injected through the first auxiliary nozzle 9, the second auxiliary nozzle 10, the third auxiliary nozzle 12, and the fourth auxiliary nozzle 13 and fully combusts after being mixed with the main fuel gasoline injected by the main fuel nozzle 11.

[0087] In this embodiment, ammonia fuel is mixed and injected with gasoline at a mass fraction of 40%. This can significantly reduce the generation of soot particles, reduce the mass of particulate emissions by about 83%, reduce the particle size of soot particle emissions by about 4%, reduce the graphitization degree of the emitted soot particles, make them more easily catalytically oxidized, reduce the load of the post-treatment device, and relieve the regeneration pressure of the particulate filter.

[0088] Other embodiments are the same as Embodiment 1.

[0089] This system achieves the purpose of fully mixing multiple fuels and making them burn fully by the coordinated injection of main and auxiliary nozzles. It can significantly reduce the emissions of harmful substances in the exhaust gas, correspondingly relieve the regeneration load of the particulate filter, achieve the goal of carbon reduction and pollution reduction, and take into account the power performance at the same time.

[0090] This system can directly adapt to existing traditional engines, enabling fuel upgrading without complex structural modifications. Through the coordinated operation of the main and auxiliary nozzles, the combustion process is significantly accelerated during fuel mixing, allowing the vehicle to achieve a more agile power response during rapid acceleration. Its environmental performance is particularly outstanding, capable of significantly reducing the emissions of harmful substances in the exhaust gas, while maintaining broad compatibility with conventional gasoline and biofuels, facilitating flexible selection of fuel types in different regions. The built-in switching mechanism of the system can also automatically optimize the fuel combination according to driving requirements, taking into account both power performance and environmental requirements.

Claims

1. A single fuel injector multi-port injection dynamic mixing transient switching control system, characterized in that, Comprising: An injector body, an inlet joint is connected to the injector body. Inside the injector body, there are respectively an armature, an electromagnetic coil, a spring and a thimble. The armature is within the magnetic field range of the electromagnetic coil, and the armature is connected to the thimble. The injector body is also respectively provided with a first high-pressure connecting pipe, a main fuel nozzle and an auxiliary fuel nozzle. The inlet of the auxiliary fuel nozzle is communicated with the first high-pressure connecting pipe, and the inlet of the main fuel nozzle is communicated with the inlet joint. The thimble is movably installed in the main fuel nozzle to control the ejection of the main fuel.

2. The single fuel injector multi-port injection dynamic mixing transient switching control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary fuel nozzle includes a first auxiliary nozzle, a second auxiliary nozzle, a third auxiliary nozzle and a fourth auxiliary nozzle. The inlets of the first auxiliary nozzle, the second auxiliary nozzle, the third auxiliary nozzle and the fourth auxiliary nozzle are all communicated with the first high-pressure connecting pipe. The first high-pressure connecting pipe is connected with a first solenoid valve.

3. The single fuel injector multi-port injection dynamic mixing transient switching control system according to claim 2, wherein The outlets of the first auxiliary nozzle, the second auxiliary nozzle, the third auxiliary nozzle and the fourth auxiliary nozzle are respectively inclined at different angles with respect to the main fuel nozzle to form cross-mixed injection.

4. The single fuel injector multi-port injection dynamic mixing transient switching control system according to claim 3, wherein, The inclination angles of the outlets of the first auxiliary nozzle, the second auxiliary nozzle, the third auxiliary nozzle and the fourth auxiliary nozzle with respect to the main fuel nozzle are 60°, 65°, 70° and 75° respectively, and each auxiliary nozzle is evenly distributed around the main fuel nozzle.

5. The single fuel injector multi-port injection dynamic mixing transient switching control system according to claim 1, wherein, The main fuel ejected from the main fuel nozzle is gasoline.

6. The single fuel injector multi-port injection dynamic mixing transient switching control system according to claim 4, characterized in that The auxiliary fuel ejected from the auxiliary fuel nozzle is a carbon-neutral fuel, and the carbon-neutral fuel includes one or a mixture of ammonia, ethanol, 2,5-dimethylfuran.

7. The single fuel injector multi-port injection dynamic mixing transient switching control system according to claim 1, characterized in that The injector body is also provided with a second high-pressure connecting pipe. The second high-pressure connecting pipe is connected with an injection device, and a fuel additive is provided in the injection device. The second high-pressure connecting pipe is communicated with the inlet of the auxiliary fuel nozzle. The second high-pressure connecting pipe is connected with a second solenoid valve.

8. The control method of the single fuel injector multi-port injection dynamic mixing transient switching control system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S100: Obtain the relevant parameters of the engine operating parameters and the combustion chamber combustion condition in real time; S200: Select a dual-fuel mode or a single-fuel mode according to the engine operating parameters and the combustion chamber combustion condition; S300: When the dual-fuel mode trigger condition is met, perform the following steps: S301: Inject the main fuel through the main fuel nozzle; S302: Inject the auxiliary fuel through the auxiliary fuel nozzle; S303: Control the movement of the thimble and the on-off of the first high-pressure connecting pipe through the electromagnetic coil to dynamically adjust the injection time of the two fuels; S400: When the dual-fuel mode trigger condition is not met, perform the following steps: S401: Only supply fuel through the main fuel nozzle; S402: Implement a multi-stage injection strategy, and the strategy includes 2-5 fuel injection actions.

9. The single injector multi-port injection dynamic mixing transient switching control method according to claim 8, characterized in that The dual-fuel mode trigger condition includes at least one of the following: The engine speed exceeds 60% of the maximum speed; The detected value of the combustion chamber temperature sensor is higher than 120 °C; The nitrogen oxide concentration in the exhaust system exceeds 150 ppm or the particulate matter concentration > 5 mg / m 3 ; The throttle opening change rate ≥ 200 ° / s and lasts for more than 0.5 seconds; The turbocharger pressure ratio > 2.5:1; The feedback signal intensity of the knock sensor reaches more than 80% of the critical value; A fuel demand mutation event is triggered, including that the fuel injection amount request increase rate ≥ 40% within 0.3 seconds.

10. The single fuel injector multi-port injection dynamic mixing transient switching control method according to claim 8, characterized in that The multi-stage injection strategy includes: Pre-injection stage: Inject 5%-10% of the total fuel quantity during the intake stroke; Main injection stage: Inject 70%-80% of the total fuel quantity during the compression stroke; Post-injection stage: Inject the remaining fuel quantity within the crankshaft angle range of 50°-80° after top dead center.

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