Vegetation complex for indoor formaldehyde removal

Abstract

The invention discloses a vegetation complex for indoor formaldehyde removal. The plant growing complex comprises plants capable of purifying formaldehyde, a cultivation medium and a cultivation container, the cultivation container is filled with the cultivation medium, the cultivation medium is of a double-layer structure design and comprises an upper adsorption layer and a lower degradation layer, vent holes are formed in the side wall of the cultivation container (a waterproof breathable film is arranged in the side wall to prevent water leakage), and a water storage layer is arranged at the bottom of the cultivation container. Through a three-stage synergistic mechanism of physical adsorption, biodegradation and plant metabolism and construction of a fungus-plant symbiotic system (wormcast and fungus residues provide slow-release nutrients for plants, and the survival time of a fungicide is prolonged to 180 days), efficient removal of formaldehyde is achieved, and the formaldehyde removal rate is larger than or equal to 92% through modular design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental governance, and particularly relates to a phytocomposite for removing formaldehyde indoors. Background Art

[0002] After indoor decoration, formaldehyde will be in an excessive state. Long-term exposure to formaldehyde can cause harm such as itchy eyes, tearing, dry and itchy throat, memory loss, etc. In severe cases, it can even cause leukemia. Therefore, in order to ensure personal safety, formaldehyde removal treatment should be carried out before moving in. Indoor formaldehyde mainly comes from decoration materials (the formaldehyde release amount of laminate flooring can reach 0.12mg / m 3 ) as shown by the detection of GB 18580-2017 standard. Therefore, it is very important to remove formaldehyde from decoration materials.

[0003] Traditional methods for purifying indoor formaldehyde include: 1) Physical adsorption method, such as activated carbon, etc. Activated carbon has a strong ability to adsorb formaldehyde due to its porous structure; 2) Chemical decomposition method, that is, under the catalysis of a catalyst (such as photocatalyst), formaldehyde reacts with oxygen in the air to generate carbon dioxide, etc.; 3) Plant purification method, such as Epipremnum aureum, Opuntia, Chlorophytum comosum, Aloe vera, Clivia miniata, etc. have a certain ability to purify the air; 4) Bioreactor method, that is, microorganisms in the reactor convert formaldehyde into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide through the action of enzymes. In addition, other methods include strengthening ventilation and using air purifiers. The traditional physical adsorption method (activated carbon, etc.) has problems such as fast saturation failure and the need for regular replacement; the chemical decomposition method may cause secondary pollution; the purification efficiency of simple plants is low (only 0.1-0.2mg / m 3 .h), and the existing bioreactor method has problems such as difficulty in symbiosis between bacteria agents and plants and high maintenance costs. Therefore, an environmentally friendly and efficient indoor formaldehyde treatment method is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a phytocomposite for removing formaldehyde indoors. The phytocomposite of the present invention includes plants for purifying formaldehyde, a cultivation substrate, and a cultivation container. The cultivation container is filled with the cultivation substrate. The cultivation substrate is designed with a double-layer structure, including an upper adsorption layer and a lower degradation layer. The side wall of the cultivation container is provided with ventilation holes (a waterproof and breathable membrane is added inside the side wall to prevent water leakage), and a water storage layer is provided at the bottom. The present invention realizes the efficient removal of formaldehyde through a three-level collaborative mechanism of "physical adsorption - biological degradation - plant metabolism" and the construction of a bacteria-plant symbiotic system (vermicast and bacterial residues provide slow-release nutrients for plants, and the survival period of the bacteria agent is extended to 180 days), and the modular design realizes a formaldehyde removal rate of ≥92%.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a phytocomposite for indoor formaldehyde removal, which is characterized by comprising formaldehyde-purifying plants, a cultivation substrate, and a cultivation container. The cultivation container is filled with the cultivation substrate. The cultivation substrate is designed with a double-layer structure, including an upper adsorption layer and a lower degradation layer. The side wall of the cultivation container is provided with ventilation holes (a waterproof and breathable membrane is added inside the side wall to prevent water leakage), and a water storage layer is provided at the bottom.

[0006] Specifically as follows:

[0007] 1) Formaldehyde-purifying plants

[0008] Formaldehyde-purifying plants, such as: Epipremnum aureum, Monstera deliciosa, Sansevieria trifasciata, etc.;

[0009] 2) Cultivation substrate (double-layer structure design)

[0010] Upper layer (adsorption layer): Modified biomass carbon with a specific surface area ≥ 800 m 2 / g, having strong adsorption capacity, preferably rice husk hydrothermal carbon; thickness: 3 - 5 cm, porosity > 85%;

[0011] Lower layer (degradation layer): A fermentation product containing composite bacteria and organic matter obtained by simply stacking and fermenting earthworm manure and edible mushroom residues with a composite bacterium agent (methylotrophic bacteria and white rot fungi); thickness: 15 - 25 cm.

[0012] 3) Cultivation container

[0013] The cultivation container is: Porous clay (pore diameter 50 - 200 μm) incorporated with 8 - 12% bamboo charcoal particles, the side wall is provided with honeycomb-shaped ventilation holes (a waterproof and breathable membrane is added inside the side wall to prevent water leakage), and a water storage layer is provided at the bottom.

[0014] Further, the side wall of the cultivation container is provided with ventilation holes with a pore diameter of 2 - 3 mm; the number of ventilation holes is 12 - 15 holes (circular, hexagonal, etc.) / cm 2 .

[0015] Further, the effective height of the bottom water storage layer (including a water level induction alarm device) is 8 - 12 mm, including a capacitive water level sensor (detection accuracy ±0.5 mm).

[0016] Further, the surface of the cultivation container is coated with a nano-TiO2 photocatalytic coating with a thickness of 150 ± 20 nm.

[0017] Further, the composite bacterium agent is compounded from methylotrophic bacteria and white rot fungi in a mass ratio of (2.5 - 3.5):(6.5 - 7.5), wherein the viable count of methylotrophic bacteria ≥ 1×10 9 CFU / g, and the spore count of white rot fungi ≥ 5×10 7 spores / g.

[0018] Furthermore, (vermicast + mushroom residue): microbial agent = 100:0.5 - 2.0 (w / w), preferably 100:1; the weight ratio of vermicast to edible mushroom residue is 6 - 7:3 - 4. The edible mushroom residue is common mushroom residues such as Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes, and Flammulina velutipes residues, etc., which are rich in cellulose.

[0019] The technical effect of the present invention is that the present invention firstly creates a three - level synergistic mechanism of "physical adsorption - biological degradation - plant metabolism". The construction of a fungus - plant symbiotic system (vermicast and mushroom residue provide slow - release nutrients for plants, and the survival period of the microbial agent is extended to 180 days), and modular design enables the formaldehyde removal rate to be ≥92% (test for 28 days, initial concentration 1.0 mg / m 3 ). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the phytocomposite for indoor formaldehyde removal of the present invention; wherein, 1 is the plant for purifying formaldehyde, 2 is the upper adsorption layer of the cultivation substrate, 3 is the lower degradation layer of the cultivation substrate, 4 is the cultivation container, and 5 is the bottom water storage layer of the cultivation container. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0021] The following is to illustrate its effect in combination with embodiments and the drawings.

[0022] Example 1:

[0023] The present invention provides a phytocomposite for indoor formaldehyde removal, whose structure is as Figure 1 shown, including: the plant 1 for purifying formaldehyde, a cultivation substrate, and a cultivation container 4. The cultivation container 4 is filled with a cultivation substrate. The cultivation substrate is designed with a double - layer structure, including an upper adsorption layer 2 and a lower degradation layer 3. The side wall of the cultivation container is provided with ventilation holes (honeycomb - shaped or circular), a waterproof and breathable membrane is added inside the side wall to prevent water leakage, and a water storage layer 5 is provided at the bottom.

[0024] Specifically as follows:

[0025] 1) The plant for purifying formaldehyde

[0026] The plants for purifying formaldehyde, such as: Epipremnum aureum, Monstera deliciosa, Sansevieria trifasciata, etc.;

[0027] Planting density: selected according to the size of the container and the type of plant, the same as the existing conventional planting method;

[0028] Formaldehyde purification mechanism: plant stomatal adsorption (accounting for about 40%) + transpiration promoting air flow;

[0029] 2) Cultivation substrate (double-layer structure design):

[0030] Upper layer (adsorption layer): Modified biomass carbon with a specific surface area ≥ 800 m 2 / g, in this embodiment, rice husk hydrothermal carbon is used (hydrothermal reaction at 300 °C for 6 h, and then activated with 1 mol / L KOH solution); thickness: 3 - 5 cm, porosity > 85%.

[0031] Lower layer (degradation layer): A fermentation product obtained by adding a composite microbial agent (methylotrophic bacteria and white rot fungi) to earthworm manure and edible mushroom residue (organic matter content ≥ 60%) through simple windrow fermentation. Thickness of the lower layer (degradation layer): 15 - 25 cm; The composite microbial agent: Composed of methylotrophic bacteria (Methylobacterium extorquens) and white rot fungi (Phanerochaete chrysosporium) in a mass ratio of 3:7, where the viable count of methylotrophic bacteria ≥ 1×10 9 CFU / g, and the spore count of white rot fungi ≥ 5×10 7 spores / g; Ratio: (earthworm manure + mushroom residue): microbial agent = 100:1 (w / w); The weight ratio of earthworm manure to mushroom residue is 7:3. Fermentation method: Simple windrow fermentation, specifically including: 1) Raw material crushing: The oyster mushroom residue is crushed to a particle size ≤ 5 mm, and the earthworm manure is sieved through a 10-mesh sieve and mixed; 2) C / N ratio adjustment: The C / N ratio of the mixture reaches 25 - 30; 3) Moisture control: Adjust the water content to 55 - 60% (it forms a ball when held in the hand and no water seeps out between the fingers); 3) Add 0.5% of the composite microbial agent for windrow fermentation; Among them, the width of the pile is 2 m, the height is 1.5 m, and it is turned over once every 3 - 7 days, with the temperature greater than 50 °C for at least 7 days, and fermented for 20 - 30 days until it is decomposed.

[0032] Function: Inorganic-organic composite substrate, which can microbially degrade formaldehyde, and at the same time, earthworm manure and mushroom residue provide nutrients for plant growth. Under the conditions of 25 °C and 50% relative humidity, the degradation rate of formaldehyde with an initial concentration of 1.0 mg / m 3 formaldehyde ≥ 0.5 mg HCHO / (h·kg dry weight of microbial agent), determined according to the method in Appendix C of GB / T 18883-2022.

[0033] Proved by experiments: Methylotrophic bacteria are used to decompose formaldehyde, and white rot fungi destroy the organic matter structure, improving the degradation efficiency of formaldehyde and organic matter.

[0034] 3) Cultivation container

[0035] Material: Porous clay (pore diameter 100 μm) incorporated with 10% bamboo charcoal particles;

[0036] Structural design: Honeycomb-shaped ventilation holes are provided on the side walls (a waterproof and breathable membrane is added inside the side walls to prevent water leakage), with a pore diameter of 2 - 3 mm; the number of ventilation holes is 12 - 15 holes (hexagonal) / cm 2 , and the pore wall thickness is ≥ 0.8 mm. A water storage layer (water level induction alarm device) is provided at the bottom; the effective height of the bottom water storage layer is 10 mm, including a capacitive water level sensor (detection accuracy ±0.5 mm).

[0037] Furthermore, based on this embodiment, the surface of the culture container is coated with a nano-TiO2 photocatalytic coating (Kronos vlp7000 from Germany); the thickness is 150 nm.

[0038] The following combines experimental data to illustrate its effects.

[0039] 1. Verification of the effect of formaldehyde removal indoors

[0040] Test time: 28 days;

[0041] Indoor area: 30 m 3 , initial concentration: 1.0 mg / m 3 ;

[0042] The dosage, source, and test results of each treatment group are shown in Table 1 below.

[0043] Table 1 Experimental design and effect verification of each treatment group for formaldehyde removal indoors

[0044]

[0045] It can be seen from Table 1 that: The present invention first creates a three-level collaborative mechanism of "physical adsorption - biodegradation - plant metabolism", constructs a bacteria-plant symbiotic system (vermicompost and bacterial residues provide slow-release nutrients for plant growth, and the survival period of the bacterial agent is extended to 180 days), and the modular design achieves a formaldehyde removal rate of ≥ 92%, and there is no secondary pollution using this method.

Claims

1. A phytocomposite for indoor formaldehyde removal, characterized in that It includes plants for purifying formaldehyde, a cultivation substrate, and a cultivation container. The cultivation container is filled with the cultivation substrate. The cultivation substrate is designed with a double-layer structure, including an upper adsorption layer and a lower degradation layer. Ventilation holes are provided on the side wall of the cultivation container, and a waterproof and breathable membrane is added inside the side wall to prevent water leakage. A water storage layer is provided at the bottom; Specifically as follows: 1) Plants for purifying formaldehyde 2) Cultivation substrate with a double-layer structure Upper adsorption layer: modified biomass carbon with specific surface area ≥ 800 m 2 / g; Lower degradation layer: A fermentation product containing composite bacteria and organic matter obtained by simply stacking and fermenting earthworm manure and edible mushroom residues with a composite bacterium agent composed of methylotrophic bacteria and white rot fungi; 3) Culture container The culture container is: Porous clay with a pore size of 50 - 200 μm is mixed with 8 - 12% bamboo charcoal particles. Honeycomb-shaped ventilation holes are provided on the side wall, a waterproof and breathable membrane is added inside the side wall to prevent water leakage, and a water storage layer is provided at the bottom.

2. The phytocomposite for indoor formaldehyde removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side wall of the culture vessel is provided with ventilation holes with a pore diameter of 2-3 mm; the number of ventilation holes is 12-15 holes / cm 2 .

3. The phytocomposite for indoor formaldehyde removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The effective height of the bottom water storage layer is 8 - 12 mm and it includes a capacitive water level sensor.

4. A phytocomposite for indoor formaldehyde removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the culture container is coated with a nano-TiO2 photocatalytic coating with a thickness of 150 ± 20 nm.

5. The phytocomposite for indoor formaldehyde removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plants for purifying formaldehyde are Epipremnum aureum, Monstera deliciosa or Sansevieria trifasciata.

6. The phytocomposite for indoor formaldehyde removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modified biomass carbon is rice husk hydrothermal carbon with a porosity > 85%.

7. A phytocomposite for indoor formaldehyde removal as claimed in claim 1, wherein The thickness of the upper adsorption layer: 3 - 5 cm, and the thickness of the lower degradation layer: 15 - 25 cm.

8. The phytocomposite for indoor formaldehyde removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite microbial agent is prepared by compounding methylotrophic bacteria and white rot fungi in a mass ratio of (2.5 - 3.5):(6.5 - 7.5), wherein the viable count of methylotrophic bacteria ≥ 1×10 9 CFU / g, and the spore count of white rot fungi ≥ 5×10 7 spores / g.

9. A phytocomposite for indoor formaldehyde removal as described in claim 1, characterized in that, By weight ratio, (earthworm manure + mushroom residue): bacterium agent = 100:0.5 - 2.0; the weight ratio of earthworm manure to edible mushroom residue is 6 - 7:3 - 4.

10. A phytocomposite for indoor formaldehyde removal according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The edible mushroom residue is Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes or Flammulina velutipes residue.

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