Air liquefaction and energy comprehensive utilization system

Abstract

The invention discloses an air liquefaction and energy comprehensive utilization system, which relates to the technical field of air liquefaction and utilization, and comprises an air compression unit, an air liquefaction unit, a liquid air energy storage unit, an energy release power generation unit, a heat storage unit, a cold storage unit and an optimization control unit, the air compression unit sucks and compresses ambient air, and then cools the air. Through close cooperation and efficient operation of all the units, the system achieves efficient compression, liquefaction, storage and energy release of air, the utilization efficiency of energy is greatly improved, the storage and energy release process of liquid air provides flexible energy dispatching capacity for the system, stable power output can be provided at the demand peak, and meanwhile, the system has the advantages that the energy utilization efficiency is improved. Due to the arrangement of the heat storage unit and the cold storage unit, the energy comprehensive utilization efficiency of the system is further improved, waste heat in the compression process and the cooling capacity in the liquefied air gasification process are recycled and reused, energy waste is reduced, and the operation cost of the system is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of air liquefaction and utilization, and particularly to an air liquefaction and energy comprehensive utilization system. Background Technique

[0002] With the expansion of the scale of new energy power generation, the uncertainty of new energy power generation in time and space poses challenges to the new power system. Traditional energy storage technologies such as pumped-storage energy storage, large-capacity battery energy storage, and compressed air energy storage have problems such as geographical conditions limitations, economy, safety, cycle life, and environmental protection. As an emerging long-term energy storage technology, liquid air energy storage technology has the advantages of large scale, long energy storage time, clean, low-carbon, safe, long life, and no geographical conditions limitations, and has broad application prospects in the fields of renewable energy consumption, power grid peak shaving and frequency modulation, black start, distributed energy, microgrid, and integrated energy services;

[0003] However, traditional air liquefaction systems have high energy consumption, and the liquefied air is mainly used in industrial or medical fields, and its energy value cannot be fully realized. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an air liquefaction and energy comprehensive utilization system that combines air liquefaction technology with energy conversion, storage, and utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an air liquefaction and energy comprehensive utilization system to solve the problems raised in the above background technique.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An air liquefaction and energy comprehensive utilization system, including an air compression unit, an air liquefaction unit, a liquid air energy storage unit, an energy release power generation unit, a heat storage unit, a cold storage unit, and an optimization control unit;

[0006] The air compression unit sucks and compresses ambient air, and then cools it.

[0007] The air liquefaction unit gradually cools the high-pressure air cooled in the air compression unit, then reduces the pressure of the high-pressure and low-temperature air, and further reduces the temperature to liquefy the air, and then separates the liquid air from the gaseous air.

[0008] The liquid air energy storage unit stores the liquid air separated in the air liquefaction unit, pressurizes the liquid air, and real-time detects the liquid level and pressure of the liquid air.

[0009] Energy release power generation unit, which extracts the stored liquid air, vaporizes the liquid air to a high-pressure normal temperature state, then heats the air, expands and does work on the heated high-pressure air to generate mechanical energy, and then converts it into electrical energy;

[0010] Heat storage unit, which stores the excess heat generated during the compression of air in the air compression unit and uses the stored heat to heat the air in the energy release power generation unit;

[0011] Cold storage unit, which stores the cold energy released during the vaporization of liquid air in the energy release power generation unit and transfers the stored cold energy to the high-pressure air in the air liquefaction unit to reduce its temperature to the liquefaction point;

[0012] Optimization control unit, which monitors the operating states of the air compression unit, air liquefaction unit, liquid air energy storage unit, energy release power generation unit, heat storage unit and cold storage unit in real time and conducts intelligent scheduling.

[0013] Preferably, the air compression unit includes a compression module, a cooling module and a control module. The compression module sucks in ambient air through a compression device and then compresses it to a high-pressure state to provide pressure conditions for the subsequent liquefaction process. The compression device used by the compression module consists of several compressors and an inter-stage heat exchanger. The cooling module preliminarily cools the high-temperature and high-pressure air discharged from the compression module in the compression module through a cooling device. The control module monitors the operating states of the compressors in the compression module in real time, including the pressure, temperature and flow rate of the compressed air, and adjusts the working parameters of the compressors according to a preset control strategy. The control module transmits the real-time monitored data to the optimization control unit.

[0014] Preferably, the air liquefaction unit includes a cold box heat exchange module, a throttling module and a gas-liquid separation module. The cold box heat exchange module includes a cold box heat exchanger, which receives the high-pressure air cooled by the cooling module through the cold box heat exchanger and cools it step by step to lower the temperature of the high-pressure air below the liquefaction point to complete the liquefaction of the air. The throttling module includes a throttle valve, which reduces the pressure of the high-pressure and low-temperature air processed by the cold box heat exchange module during the liquefaction process through the throttle valve. The gas-liquid separation module includes a gas-liquid separation device, which separates the liquefied liquid air from the unliquefied low-temperature gas through the gas-liquid separation device.

[0015] Preferably, the liquid air energy storage unit includes a storage module and a detection module. The storage module includes a liquid air storage tank, which stores the liquid air separated by the gas-liquid separation module through the liquid air storage tank to keep it in a low-temperature state and reduce energy loss. The detection module monitors the liquid level and pressure of the storage tank in the storage module in real time and transmits the data to the optimization control unit.

[0016] Preferably, the energy-releasing power generation unit includes a low-temperature maintenance module, an evaporation module, a heating module, an expansion module, and an energy conversion module. The low-temperature maintenance module includes a cryogenic pump, which pumps liquid air from the storage module, pressurizes it, and maintains its low-temperature state. The evaporation module includes an evaporator, which uses the heat in the ambient temperature to vaporize the liquid air to a high-pressure normal-temperature state through the evaporator. The heating module includes a heater, which transfers the heat stored in the cold storage unit to the heater, and heats the vaporized air through the heater. The expansion module includes an expander, which expands and does work on the heated high-pressure air through the expander, converting the internal energy into mechanical energy. The energy conversion module includes a generator, which is driven by the mechanical energy generated by the expansion module, and converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy for output through the generator.

[0017] Preferably, the heat storage unit includes a heat storage module, a heat transfer module, and a heat storage circulation module. The heat storage module includes a heat storage device, which stores the excess heat generated during the air compression process in the air compression unit through the heat storage device. The heat transfer module includes a heat exchanger, which transfers and recovers heat during the energy storage and energy release stages. During the energy storage stage, the excess heat generated in the air compression unit is transferred to the heat storage device in the heat storage module. During the energy release stage, the heat in the heat storage device in the air compression unit is transferred to the heater in the heating module to heat the vaporized air. The heat storage circulation module includes a heat transfer device, which circulates and transports the heat storage medium between the heat storage module and the heat transfer module to achieve heat transfer and recovery.

[0018] Preferably, the cold storage unit includes a cold storage module, a cold quantity transfer module, and a cold storage circulation module. The cold storage module includes a cold storage device, which stores the cold quantity generated during the vaporization of liquid air in the energy-releasing power generation unit through the cold storage device. The cold quantity transfer module includes a cold quantity exchanger, which transfers and recovers cold quantity during the liquefaction and energy release stages. During the liquefaction stage, the cold quantity stored in the cold storage module is transferred to the high-pressure air in the air liquefaction unit to lower its temperature to the liquefaction point. During the energy release stage, the cold quantity released during the vaporization of the liquefied air in the energy-releasing power generation unit is transferred to the cold storage module for storage. The cold storage circulation module includes a cold quantity transfer device, which circulates and transports the cold storage medium between the cold storage module and the cold quantity transfer module to achieve cold quantity transfer and recovery.

[0019] Preferably, the optimization control unit includes a monitoring module, a control module, a communication module, and a data processing and analysis module. The monitoring module includes several sensors, including a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a flow sensor, and a liquid level sensor. Several groups of sensors are arranged in each unit to monitor the operating state of the system in real time. The control module formulates and executes an optimization control strategy based on the data provided by the monitoring module, and adjusts the operating parameters of the system. The communication module realizes the communication between the control module and each unit. The data processing and analysis module processes and analyzes the sensor data collected by the monitoring module, and provides a basis for the control module to formulate an optimization control strategy. The air liquefaction capacity is evaluated in real time through the air liquefaction rate algorithm to adjust the intake air flow and the liquid gas flow of the system;

[0020] The air liquefaction rate algorithm is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] In the formula, Y transient is the instantaneous liquefaction rate, which represents the ratio of the mass flow rate of the liquid air to the mass flow rate of the inhaled air. m LA,ch and m air,ch respectively represent the mass flow rates of the liquid air generated during the energy release process and the air inhaled by the system;

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, Y average is the average air liquefaction rate, which represents the mass ratio of the total liquid air generated in a cycle to the total inhaled air controlled.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] Through the close cooperation and efficient operation of each unit, the system of the present invention realizes the efficient compression, liquefaction, storage, and energy release of air, greatly improving the energy utilization efficiency. The storage and energy release process of liquid air provides the system with flexible energy scheduling capabilities, and can provide stable power output during peak demand. At the same time, the setting of the heat storage and cold storage units further improves the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system. By recovering and reusing the waste heat during the compression process and the cold energy during the gasification of liquid air, energy waste is reduced and the system operation cost is lowered. The introduction of the optimization control unit realizes the real-time monitoring and intelligent scheduling of each part of the system, ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the system. In summary, the air liquefaction and comprehensive energy utilization system provides strong support for the efficient, clean, and sustainable utilization of energy, and has broad application prospects and important promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1Block diagram of the air liquefaction and energy comprehensive utilization system provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 Block diagram of the air compression unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 Block diagram of the air liquefaction unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 Block diagram of the liquid air energy storage unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 Block diagram of the energy release power generation unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 Block diagram of the heat storage unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 Block diagram of the cold storage unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 Block diagram of the optimization control unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 , the present invention provides a technical solution: an air liquefaction and energy comprehensive utilization system, including an air compression unit 1, an air liquefaction unit 2, a liquid air energy storage unit 3, an energy release power generation unit 4, a heat storage unit 5, a cold storage unit 6 and an optimization control unit 7;

[0037] The air compression unit 1 sucks and compresses ambient air, and then cools it;

[0038] The air liquefaction unit 2 cools the cooled high-pressure air in the air compression unit 1 step by step, then reduces the pressure of the high-pressure low-temperature air and further reduces the temperature to liquefy the air, and then separates the liquid air from the gaseous air;

[0039] The liquid air energy storage unit 3 stores the liquid air separated in the air liquefaction unit 2, pressurizes the liquid air, and real-time detects the liquid level and pressure of the liquid air;

[0040] The energy - releasing power generation unit 4 extracts the stored liquid air, vaporizes the liquid air to the high - pressure normal - temperature state, then heats the air, expands and does work on the heated high - pressure air to generate mechanical energy, and then converts it into electrical energy;

[0041] The heat storage unit 5 stores the excess heat generated during the compression of the compressed air in the air compression unit 1, and uses the stored heat to heat the air in the energy - releasing power generation unit 4;

[0042] The cold storage unit 6 stores the cold energy released during the vaporization of the liquid air in the energy - releasing power generation unit 4, and transfers the stored cold energy to the high - pressure air in the air liquefaction unit 2 to reduce its temperature to the liquefaction point;

[0043] The optimization control unit 7 monitors the operating states of the air compression unit 1, air liquefaction unit 2, liquid - air energy storage unit 3, energy - releasing power generation unit 4, heat storage unit 5, and cold storage unit 6 in real - time and conducts intelligent scheduling.

[0044] The air compression unit 1 includes a compression module 101, a cooling module 102, and a control module 103. The compression module 101 sucks in ambient air through a compression device and then compresses it to a high - pressure state to provide pressure conditions for the subsequent liquefaction process. The compression device used in the compression module 101 consists of several compressors and inter - stage heat exchangers. The cooling module 102 preliminarily cools the high - temperature and high - pressure air discharged from the compression module 101 through a cooling device. The control module 103 monitors the operating state of the compressors in the compression module 101 in real - time, including the pressure, temperature, and flow rate of the compressed air, and adjusts the working parameters of the compressors according to a preset control strategy. The real - time monitoring data of the control module 103 is transmitted to the optimization control unit 7. By using the compression module 101, it avoids the risk of high compression ratio and high temperature borne by the equipment caused by using a single - stage compressor when high pressure is required. By using the cooling module 102, the energy consumption in the subsequent liquefaction process is reduced;

[0045] The air liquefaction unit 2 includes a cold box heat exchange module 201, a throttling module 202 and a gas-liquid separation module 203. The cold box heat exchange module 201 includes a cold box heat exchanger, which receives the high-pressure air cooled by the cooling module 102 through the cold box heat exchanger and cools it step by step to lower the temperature of the high-pressure air below the liquefaction point, completing the liquefaction of the air. The throttling module 202 includes a throttle valve, which reduces the pressure of the high-pressure low-temperature air processed by the cold box heat exchange module 201 during the liquefaction process through the throttle valve. The gas-liquid separation module 203 includes a gas-liquid separation device, which separates the liquefied liquid air from the unliquefied low-temperature gas through the gas-liquid separation device; by arranging multiple cold box heat exchangers in the cold box heat exchange module 201 and cooling the air step by step in a recirculation manner, and through the throttling module 202, the temperature of the high-pressure low-temperature air is further reduced to promote air liquefaction, and through the gas-liquid separation module 203, the quality and purity of the liquid air are ensured;

[0046] The liquid air energy storage unit 3 includes a storage module 301 and a detection module 302. The storage module 301 includes a liquid air storage tank, which stores the liquid air separated by the gas-liquid separation module 203 through the liquid air storage tank to keep it in a low-temperature state and reduce energy loss. The detection module 302 monitors the liquid level and pressure of the storage tank in the storage module 301 in real time and transmits the data to the optimization control unit 7; through the detection module 302, the safe storage and stable supply of the liquid air are ensured;

[0047] The energy release power generation unit 4 includes a low-temperature maintenance module 401, an evaporation module 402, a heating module 403, an expansion module 404 and an energy conversion module 405. The low-temperature maintenance module 401 includes a cryogenic pump, which pumps out and pressurizes the liquid air from the storage module 301 through the cryogenic pump and maintains its low-temperature state. The evaporation module 402 includes an evaporator, which vaporizes the liquid air to a high-pressure normal-temperature state by using the heat in the ambient temperature through the evaporator. The heating module 403 includes a heater, which transfers the heat stored in the cold energy storage unit 6 to the heater, and heats the vaporized air through the heater. The expansion module 404 includes an expander, which expands the heated high-pressure air through the expander to do work and converts the internal energy into mechanical energy. The energy conversion module 405 includes a generator, which drives the generator by the mechanical energy generated by the expansion module 404, and converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy for output through the generator; through the low-temperature maintenance module 401, the liquid air is pumped out, pressurized and maintained at a low temperature so as to release energy in the subsequent evaporation and expansion processes, and by adopting multi-stage expansion in the expansion module 404, the heat in the heat storage module 501 is fully utilized while increasing the work done;

[0048] The heat storage unit 5 includes a heat storage module 501, a heat transfer module 502 and a heat storage circulation module 503. The heat storage module 501 includes a heat storage device, which stores the excess heat generated during the air compression process in the air compression unit 1. The heat transfer module 502 includes a heat exchanger, which transfers and recovers heat during the energy storage and energy release stages. During the energy storage stage, the excess heat generated in the air compression unit 1 is transferred to the heat storage device in the heat storage module 501. During the energy release stage, the heat in the heat storage device in the air compression unit 1 is transferred to the heater in the heating module 403 to heat the vaporized air. The heat storage circulation module 503 includes a heat transfer device, which circulates and transports the heat storage medium between the heat storage module 501 and the heat transfer module 502 to achieve heat transfer and recovery; the heat is stored through the heat storage medium in the heat storage module 501, and the heat storage medium is circulated and transported through the heat storage circulation module 503 to achieve heat transfer;

[0049] The cold storage unit 6 includes a cold storage module 601, a cold transfer module 602 and a cold storage circulation module 603. The cold storage module 601 includes a cold storage device, which stores the cold generated during the gasification of liquid air in the energy release power generation unit 4. The cold transfer module 602 includes a cold exchanger, which transfers and recovers cold during the liquefaction and energy release stages. During the liquefaction stage, the cold stored in the cold storage module 601 is transferred to the high-pressure air in the air liquefaction unit 2 to lower its temperature to the liquefaction point. During the energy release stage, the cold released during the gasification of the liquefied air in the energy release power generation unit 4 is transferred to the cold storage module 601 for storage. The cold storage circulation module 603 includes a cold transfer device, which circulates and transports the cold storage medium between the cold storage module 601 and the cold transfer module 602 to achieve cold transfer and recovery; the cold is stored through the cold storage medium in the cold storage module 601, and the cold storage medium is circulated and transported through the cold storage circulation module 603 to achieve cold transfer;

[0050] The optimization control unit 7 includes a monitoring module 701, a control module 702, a communication module 703, and a data processing and analysis module 704. The monitoring module 701 includes several sensors, including a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a flow sensor, and a liquid level sensor. Several groups of sensors are set in each unit to monitor the operating state of the system in real time. The control module 702 formulates and executes an optimization control strategy based on the data provided by the monitoring module 701, and adjusts the working parameters of the system. The communication module 703 realizes the communication between the control module 702 and each unit. The data processing and analysis module 704 processes and analyzes the sensor data collected by the monitoring module 701, and provides a basis for the control module 702 to formulate an optimization control strategy, and evaluates the air liquefaction ability in real time through the air liquefaction rate algorithm to adjust the intake air flow and the liquid gas flow of the system;

[0051] The air liquefaction rate algorithm is as follows:

[0052]

[0053] In the formula, Y transient is the instantaneous liquefaction rate, which represents the ratio of the mass flow rate of the liquid air to the mass flow rate of the inhaled air. m LA,ch and m air,ch respectively represent the mass flow rates of the liquid air generated during the energy release process and the inhaled air of the system;

[0054]

[0055] In the formula, Y average is the average air liquefaction rate, which represents the mass ratio of the total liquid air generated in a cycle to the total inhaled control; The control command is transmitted to each unit through the communication module 703, and each unit adjusts the working parameters according to the received control command to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the system.

[0056] Working principle: When the present invention is in use, the compression module 101 of the air compression unit 1 sucks in ambient air and compresses it to a high-pressure state. Meanwhile, the cooling module 102 preliminarily cools the compressed high-temperature and high-pressure air, and the control module 103 monitors the operating state of the compressor in real time and adjusts the working parameters. Then, the cold box heat exchange module 201 of the air liquefaction unit 2 gradually cools the cooled high-pressure air to below the liquefaction point, the throttling module 202 reduces the pressure of the high-pressure and low-temperature air, and the gas-liquid separation module 203 separates the liquefied liquid air from the unliquefied low-temperature gas. The liquid air energy storage unit 3 uses the storage module 301 to store the separated liquid air in a liquid air storage tank and maintains a low-temperature state, and the detection module 302 monitors the liquid level and pressure of the storage tank in real time. The energy release and power generation unit 4 extracts and pressurizes the liquid air through the low-temperature maintenance module 401, the evaporation module 402 vaporizes the liquid air to a high-pressure and normal-temperature state using the heat in the ambient temperature, the heating module 403 heats the vaporized air using the heat from the heat storage unit, the expansion module 404 makes the heated high-pressure air expand and do work to convert the internal energy into mechanical energy, and the energy conversion module 405 converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy for output. The heat storage unit 5 uses the heat storage module 501 to store the excess heat generated during the air compression process, the heat transfer module 502 transfers and recovers the heat during the energy storage and energy release stages, and the heat storage circulation module 503 circulates and transports the heat storage medium between the heat storage module and the heat transfer module. The cold storage unit 6 stores the cold generated during the vaporization of the liquid air in the energy release and power generation unit through the cold storage module 601, the cold transfer module 602 transfers and recovers the cold during the liquefaction and energy release stages, and the cold storage circulation module 603 circulates and transports the cold storage medium between the cold storage module and the cold transfer module. The optimization control unit 7 sets sensors through the monitoring module 701 to monitor the operating state of the system in real time. The control module 702 formulates and executes an optimization control strategy based on the monitoring data to adjust the working parameters of the system. The communication module 703 realizes the communication between the control module 702 and each unit, and the data processing and analysis module 704 processes and analyzes the sensor data to provide a basis for the control module to formulate an optimization control strategy.

[0057] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0058] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An air liquefaction and energy comprehensive utilization system, comprising an air compression unit (1), an air liquefaction unit (2), a liquid air energy storage unit (3), an energy release power generation unit (4), a heat storage unit (5), a cold storage unit (6) and an optimization control unit (7), characterized in that: The air compression unit (1), the air compression unit (1) sucks and compresses ambient air and then cools it; The air liquefaction unit (2), the air liquefaction unit (2) gradually cools the cooled high-pressure air in the air compression unit (1), then reduces the pressure of the high-pressure low-temperature air and further reduces the temperature to liquefy the air, and then separates the liquid air from the gaseous air; The liquid air energy storage unit (3), the liquid air energy storage unit (3) stores the liquid air separated in the air liquefaction unit (2), pressurizes the liquid air, and real-time detects the liquid level and pressure of the liquid air; The energy release power generation unit (4), the energy release power generation unit (4) extracts the stored liquid air, vaporizes the liquid air to a high-pressure normal temperature state, then heats the air, expands and does work on the heated high-pressure air to generate mechanical energy, and then converts it into electrical energy; The heat storage unit (5), the heat storage unit (5) stores the excess heat generated during the compression of the compressed air in the air compression unit (1) and uses the stored heat to heat the air in the energy release power generation unit (4); The cold storage unit (6), the cold storage unit (6) stores the cold released during the vaporization of the liquid air in the energy release power generation unit (4) and transfers the stored cold to the high-pressure air in the air liquefaction unit (2) to reduce its temperature to the liquefaction point; The optimization control unit (7), the optimization control unit (7) monitors the operating states of the air compression unit (1), the air liquefaction unit (2), the liquid air energy storage unit (3), the energy release power generation unit (4), the heat storage unit (5) and the cold storage unit (6) in real time and performs intelligent scheduling.

2. The air liquefaction and energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, wherein: The air compression unit (1) includes a compression module (101), a cooling module (102) and a control module (103). The compression module (101) sucks ambient air through a compression device and then compresses it to a high-pressure state to provide pressure conditions for the subsequent liquefaction process. The compression device used in the compression module (101) consists of several compressors and an inter-stage heat exchanger. The cooling module (102) preliminarily cools the high-temperature and high-pressure air discharged from the compression module (101) through a cooling device. The control module (103) monitors the operating states of the compressors in the compression module (101) in real time, including the pressure, temperature and flow rate of the compressed air, and adjusts the working parameters of the compressors according to a preset control strategy. The real-time monitoring data of the control module (103) is transmitted to the optimization control unit (7).

3. An air liquefaction and energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air liquefaction unit (2) includes a cold box heat exchange module (201), a throttling module (202) and a gas-liquid separation module (203). The cold box heat exchange module (201) includes a cold box heat exchanger, which receives the high-pressure air cooled by the cooling module (102) through the cold box heat exchanger and cools it step by step to lower the temperature of the high-pressure air below the liquefaction point to complete the liquefaction of the air. The throttling module (202) includes a throttle valve, which reduces the pressure of the high-pressure low-temperature air processed by the cold box heat exchange module (201) during the liquefaction process through the throttle valve. The gas-liquid separation module (203) includes a gas-liquid separation device, which separates the liquefied liquid air from the unliquefied low-temperature gas through the gas-liquid separation device.

4. The air liquefaction and energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The liquid air energy storage unit (3) includes a storage module (301) and a detection module (302). The storage module (301) includes a liquid air storage tank, which stores the liquid air separated by the gas-liquid separation module (203) through the liquid air storage tank to keep it in a low-temperature state and reduce energy loss. The detection module (302) monitors the liquid level and pressure of the storage tank in the storage module (301) in real time and transmits the data to the optimization control unit (7).

5. An air liquefaction and energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The energy release and power generation unit (4) includes a low-temperature maintenance module (401), an evaporation module (402), a heating module (403), an expansion module (404) and an energy conversion module (405). The low-temperature maintenance module (401) includes a cryogenic pump, which pumps the liquid air out of the storage module (301) and pressurizes it through the cryogenic pump and maintains its low-temperature state. The evaporation module (402) includes an evaporator, which vaporizes the liquid air to a high-pressure normal temperature state by using the heat in the ambient temperature through the evaporator. The heating module (403) includes a heater, which transfers the heat stored in the cold energy storage unit (6) to the heater, and heats the vaporized air through the heater. The expansion module (404) includes an expander, which expands the heated high-pressure air through the expander to do work and converts the internal energy into mechanical energy. The energy conversion module (405) includes a generator, which is driven by the mechanical energy generated by the expansion module (404) through the generator to convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy for output.

6. An air liquefaction and energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat storage unit (5) includes a heat storage module (501), a heat transfer module (502), and a heat storage circulation module (503). The heat storage module (501) includes a heat storage device, which stores the excess heat generated during the air compression process in the air compression unit (1). The heat transfer module (502) includes a heat exchanger, which transfers and recovers heat during the energy storage and energy release stages. During the energy storage stage, the excess heat generated in the air compression unit (1) is transferred to the heat storage device in the heat storage module (501). During the energy release stage, the heat in the heat storage device in the air compression unit (1) is transferred to the heater in the heating module (403) to heat the vaporized air. The heat storage circulation module (503) includes a heat transfer device, which circulates and transports the heat storage medium between the heat storage module (501) and the heat transfer module (502) to achieve heat transfer and recovery.

7. The air liquefaction and energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cold storage unit (6) includes a cold storage module (601), a cold transfer module (602), and a cold storage circulation module (603). The cold storage module (601) includes a cold storage device, which stores the cold generated during the vaporization of liquid air in the energy release power generation unit (4). The cold transfer module (602) includes a cold exchanger, which transfers and recovers cold during the liquefaction and energy release stages. During the liquefaction stage, the cold stored in the cold storage module (601) is transferred to the high-pressure air in the air liquefaction unit (2) to lower its temperature to the liquefaction point. During the energy release stage, the cold released during the vaporization of liquid air in the energy release power generation unit (4) is transferred to the cold storage module (601) for storage. The cold storage circulation module (603) includes a cold transfer device, which circulates and transports the cold storage medium between the cold storage module (601) and the cold transfer module (602) to achieve cold transfer and recovery.

8. An air liquefaction and energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The optimization control unit (7) includes a monitoring module (701), a control module (702), a communication module (703), and a data processing and analysis module (704). The monitoring module (701) includes several sensors, including pressure sensors, temperature sensors, flow sensors, and liquid level sensors. Several groups of sensors are set in each unit to monitor the operating state of the system in real time. The control module (702) formulates and executes an optimization control strategy based on the data provided by the monitoring module (701) and adjusts the operating parameters of the system. The communication module (703) realizes the communication between the control module (702) and each unit. The data processing and analysis module (704) processes and analyzes the sensor data collected by the monitoring module (701) and provides a basis for the control module (702) to formulate an optimization control strategy. The air liquefaction capacity is evaluated in real time through the air liquefaction rate algorithm to adjust the intake air flow and liquid gas flow of the system.

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