Transformer mechanical fault positioning method, system and equipment based on vibration vector difference

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a transformer mechanical fault positioning method based on a vibration vector difference, and the method comprises the steps: setting a plurality of measurement points on the surface of a transformer oil tank, and determining the coordinate information of the plurality of measurement points; vibration signals at the measurement points are obtained, the vibration signals of any two measurement points are compared, and the vibration vector difference between the measurement points is obtained; determining a global space autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of the two adjacent measurement points according to the vibration vector difference; and determining a mechanical fault point of the transformer according to the global space autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals. According to the method, the multiple measurement points are arranged on the surface of the transformer oil tank, the vibration signals of all the points are obtained, the vibration vector difference between any two points is calculated, then the vibration vector difference is analyzed through the global space autocorrelation coefficient, the transformer mechanical fault point is positioned, only the vibration signals need to be analyzed, the calculation efficiency is high, and the method is easy to implement. The method is suitable for positioning various mechanical faults.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of transformer fault detection, and particularly to a method, system and device for locating mechanical faults of a transformer based on vibration vector difference. Background Art

[0002] As an important device in the power system, the operating state of a transformer is directly related to the stability and safety of the power system. However, during operation, a transformer is affected by transient overvoltage or high short-circuit current, which can easily lead to a decrease in its short-circuit resistance ability of the mechanical state, and even cause major accidents. Therefore, effective monitoring and fault diagnosis of the mechanical state of a transformer are crucial for ensuring the safe operation of the power system.

[0003] Traditional methods for detecting mechanical state faults of transformers mainly include short-circuit impedance method, frequency response method, low-voltage pulse method, etc. These methods often require power-off detection, have a long detection period, and require testers to have a high test level, which brings great inconvenience to the operation and maintenance of transformers. These methods cannot achieve online monitoring, cannot detect potential faults of transformers in a timely manner, and there are certain safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to propose a method for locating mechanical faults of a transformer based on vibration vector difference for the above problems.

[0005] A method for locating mechanical faults of a transformer based on vibration vector difference, the method includes the following steps:

[0006] Set a plurality of measurement points on the surface of the transformer tank, and determine the coordinate information of the plurality of measurement points;

[0007] Obtain the vibration signals at the measurement points, compare the vibration signals of any two measurement points, and obtain the vibration vector difference between the measurement points;

[0008] Determine the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of two adjacent measurement points according to the vibration vector difference;

[0009] Determine the mechanical fault point of the transformer according to the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals.

[0010] In the above solution, after obtaining the vibration signals at the measurement points, the method further includes:

[0011] Extract signals of different frequencies from the vibration signals of the plurality of measurement points, and obtain the respective frequency signal components of the vibration signals at each measurement point;

[0012] Normalize each frequency signal component of the vibration signal of the origin measurement point into a signal component with an amplitude of 1 and a phase of 0;

[0013] Normalize each frequency signal component of the vibration signal at the non-origin measurement point with the corresponding frequency signal at the origin measurement point.

[0014] In the above solution, comparing the vibration signals of any two measurement points to obtain the vibration vector difference between the measurement points specifically includes:

[0015] Calculate the vibration vector difference VVD between any two measurement points according to the following formula i :

[0016]

[0017] where v’ i,f is the vibration amplitude after normalization at the f frequency of the i-th measurement point, and φ’ i,f is the phase value after normalization at the f frequency of the i-th measurement point, and xi, yi are the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the i-th measurement point.

[0018] In the above solution, determining the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of two adjacent measurement points according to the vibration vector difference specifically includes:

[0019] Calculate the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of two adjacent measurement points according to the following formula:

[0020]

[0021] where G i,j is the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of the measurement point with the abscissa i and the ordinate j, N is the total number of measurement points, and VVD ij is the vibration vector difference of the measurement point with the abscissa i and the ordinate j.

[0022] In the above solution, determining the mechanical fault point of the transformer according to the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals specifically includes:

[0023] Set the fault threshold range;

[0024] In the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals, query the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient outside the fault threshold range, and determine the measurement point corresponding to the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient as the mechanical fault point of the transformer.

[0025] In the above solution, obtaining the vibration signal at the measurement point specifically includes:

[0026] Set the number N of vibration sensors to be installed and the installation positions of the vibration sensors according to the size and vibration distribution of the transformer oil tank, and obtain the vibration signal at the measurement point.

[0027] This application also proposes a system for locating mechanical faults in transformers based on the vibration vector difference. The system includes: a measurement point information acquisition unit, a vibration signal acquisition unit, a calculation unit, and a fault point determination unit;

[0028] The measurement point information acquisition unit is used to set a number of measurement points on the surface of the transformer oil tank and determine the coordinate information of the number of measurement points;

[0029] The vibration signal acquisition unit is used to obtain the vibration signals at the measurement points;

[0030] The calculation unit is used to compare the vibration signals of any two measurement points to obtain the vibration vector difference between the measurement points; and is used to determine the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of the two measurement points according to the vibration vector difference;

[0031] The fault point determination unit is used to determine the mechanical fault point of the transformer according to the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals.

[0032] In the above solution, the system further includes:

[0033] A data storage unit for storing the vibration signals and calculation results;

[0034] A user interface unit for displaying the fault diagnosis results and fault location information;

[0035] A remote monitoring unit for remotely transmitting the fault diagnosis results and fault location information to the monitoring center.

[0036] This application also proposes a readable storage medium storing a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor performs the following steps:

[0037] Set a number of measurement points on the surface of the transformer oil tank and determine the coordinate information of the number of measurement points;

[0038] Obtain the vibration signals at the measurement points, compare the vibration signals of any two measurement points, and obtain the vibration vector difference between the measurement points;

[0039] Determine the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of adjacent two measurement points according to the vibration vector difference;

[0040] Determine the mechanical fault point of the transformer according to the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals.

[0041] This application also proposes a computer device including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by the processor as follows:

[0042] Set a number of measurement points on the surface of the transformer oil tank and determine the coordinate information of the measurement points;

[0043] Obtain the vibration signals at the measurement points, compare the vibration signals of any two measurement points, and obtain the vibration vector difference between the measurement points;

[0044] Determine the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of two adjacent measurement points according to the vibration vector difference;

[0045] Determine the mechanical fault point of the transformer according to the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals.

[0046] Adopting the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Set a number of measurement points on the surface of the transformer oil tank and determine the coordinate information of the measurement points; Obtain the vibration signals at the measurement points, compare the vibration signals of any two measurement points, and obtain the vibration vector difference between the measurement points; Determine the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of two adjacent measurement points according to the vibration vector difference; Determine the mechanical fault point of the transformer according to the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals. By setting multiple measurement points on the surface of the transformer oil tank, obtaining the vibration signals of each point, and calculating the vibration vector difference between any two points, and then analyzing the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient of the vibration vector difference, the mechanical fault point of the transformer can be effectively located. This method only needs to analyze the vibration signals, which is beneficial to improving the recognition efficiency of transformer mechanical faults. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0048] Among them:

[0049] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of a method for locating mechanical faults of a transformer based on vibration vector difference in an embodiment. Detailed Embodiment

[0050] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments; Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] In the following description, numerous specific details are given to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention; however, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these details; in other instances, to avoid obscuring the present invention, some well-known technical features are not described. It should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments presented herein; on the contrary, providing these embodiments will make the disclosure thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0052] The purpose of the terms used herein is only to describe specific embodiments and is not a limitation of the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms "comprising" and / or "including", when used in this specification, specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of the related listed items.

[0053] In the field of on-line monitoring of electrical equipment, especially for the mechanical state monitoring of transformers, traditional mechanical state fault detection methods, such as short-circuit impedance method, frequency response method and low-voltage pulse method, etc., mostly need to be carried out under the state of transformer outage. This not only prolongs the outage period, affects the normal operation of the power system, but also brings many inconveniences to the operation and maintenance work of the transformer.

[0054] The short-circuit impedance method evaluates the mechanical state by measuring the impedance change of the transformer during short circuit, but this method has low sensitivity to minor faults and is complex to operate, making it difficult to be widely applied in actual operation and maintenance. The frequency response method detects faults by analyzing the frequency response characteristics of the transformer to external excitation. However, this method also requires the transformer to be in a non-operating state, and the accuracy of the detection result is easily affected by environmental noise and interference, resulting in misjudgment and missed judgment from time to time. The low-voltage pulse method is a method of detecting faults by applying a low-voltage pulse signal to the transformer and observing its reflected wave. Although this method can achieve the location of internal faults of the transformer to a certain extent, its location accuracy is limited and its ability to distinguish different types of faults is insufficient, making it difficult to meet the requirements of actual operation and maintenance work.

[0055] Therefore, the prior art requires a method capable of locating mechanical faults during the live operation of transformers to improve the operation and maintenance efficiency and ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system. Based on this demand, the present invention proposes a method for locating transformer mechanical faults based on vibration vector difference, achieving online monitoring of the mechanical state of transformers and precise fault location.

[0056] To thoroughly understand the present invention, detailed structures will be presented in the following description to illustrate the technical solutions proposed by the present invention; the optional embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. However, in addition to these detailed descriptions, the present invention may also have other implementation manners.

[0057] As Figure 1 shown, in one embodiment, a method for locating transformer mechanical faults based on vibration vector difference is provided. The method for locating transformer mechanical faults based on vibration vector difference includes steps S101 to S104, which are described in detail as follows:

[0058] S101. Set a plurality of measurement points on the surface of the transformer oil tank and determine the coordinate information of the plurality of measurement points;

[0059] By setting measurement points on the surface of the transformer oil tank and determining their coordinate information, a basis is provided for subsequent acquisition and analysis of vibration signals. This step ensures that the vibration conditions on the surface of the transformer oil tank can be comprehensively and accurately monitored, providing necessary data support for fault location.

[0060] Specifically, the number and position of the measurement points need to be selected according to the specific structure of the transformer and the expected accuracy. By setting multiple measurement points, vibration signals at different positions on the surface of the transformer oil tank can be obtained, thereby obtaining more comprehensive fault information.

[0061] Preferably, taking the center position on the surface of the transformer oil tank as the origin, a Cartesian coordinate system is established to mark the coordinate information of each measurement point.

[0062] S102. Obtain the vibration signals at the measurement points, compare the vibration signals of any two measurement points, and obtain the vibration vector difference between the measurement points;

[0063] By collecting the vibration signals of each measurement point, the vibration conditions on the surface of the transformer oil tank during operation can be obtained. These vibration signals contain important information about the internal mechanical state of the transformer and are important bases for subsequent analysis of the fault location and cause.

[0064] Specifically, the vibration signals at each measurement point are collected, and the difference between the vibration signals at any two measurement points is calculated, that is, the vibration vector difference. The vibration vector difference reflects the degree of difference between the vibration signals at two measurement points, contains the fault propagation direction and path information. By calculating the vibration vector difference, the difference between the vibration signals at different measurement points can be highlighted, thereby helping to identify the direction and path of fault propagation. The degree of difference between the vibration signals at measurement points is an important basis for judging whether the internal mechanical state of the transformer has changed.

[0065] In some embodiments, obtaining the vibration signal at the measurement point specifically includes:

[0066] According to the size and vibration distribution of the transformer oil tank, the number N of vibration sensors to be installed and the installation positions of the vibration sensors are set, and the vibration signals at the measurement points are obtained.

[0067] Specifically, vibration sensors are installed at positions on the oil tank surface where the vibration is significant. A total of N sensors are installed, and the sensor installed at the center position of the oil tank surface is denoted as the 0th sensor, and the other sensors are numbered in sequence.

[0068] In some embodiments, after obtaining the vibration signal at the measurement point, the method further includes:

[0069] Extract signals of different frequencies from the vibration signals at several measurement points to obtain the respective frequency signal components of the vibration signals at each measurement point;

[0070] All the frequency signal components of the vibration signal at the origin measurement point are normalized to signal components with an amplitude of 1 and a phase of 0;

[0071] The respective frequency signal components of the vibration signal at the non-origin measurement point are normalized with respect to the corresponding frequency signal at the origin measurement point.

[0072] Preferably, the vibration signal of each measurement point is subjected to a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to convert it into the frequency domain, and the frequency domain signal is decomposed into signal components of different frequencies. Since the vibration signals of the transformer core and the body are mainly 100HZ and its harmonic components, a band-pass filter is used to filter out the signal components with frequencies of 100Hz, 200Hz, 300Hz, 400Hz, and 500Hz in the vibration signals at each measurement point.

[0073] For each frequency signal component of the vibration signal at the origin measurement point (assumed to be measurement point 1), it is normalized to a signal component with an amplitude of 1 and a phase of 0. The vibration signal at the origin measurement point can be used as a reference signal. For each frequency signal component of the vibration signals at non-origin measurement points (measurement points 2, 3, …, N), normalization is performed using the corresponding frequency signal at the origin measurement point, so that the vibration signals at different measurement points can be compared with the vibration signal at the origin measurement point to analyze their relative differences.

[0074] Further, taking the normalization of the 100 Hz frequency component at measurement point m as an example, each frequency component of the vibration signal at the origin measurement point is normalized to a signal with an amplitude of 1 and a phase of 0, and the vibration signal components at other measurement points are normalized using the corresponding frequency signals at the origin measurement point:

[0075]

[0076] In the formula, is the vibration vector signal at the 100 Hz frequency of the mth measurement point, and v’ O,100Hz is the vibration vector signal at the 100 Hz frequency of the origin measurement point.

[0077] In some embodiments, by comparing the vibration signals of any two measurement points, the vibration vector difference between the measurement points is obtained, which specifically includes:

[0078] Calculate the vibration vector difference VVD between any two measurement points according to the following formula i :

[0079]

[0080] where v’ i,f is the normalized vibration amplitude at the f frequency of the ith measurement point, φ’ i,f is the normalized phase value at the f frequency of the ith measurement point, and xi, yi are the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the ith measurement point.

[0081] When the mechanical structure of the power transformer is normal, the vibration phase relationship and amplitude relationship between any two measurement points should remain relatively stable. However, if the mechanical structure fails, there are significant differences in the phase and amplitude relationships between the vibration signals obtained from two measurement points that are relatively close and those from two measurement points that are far apart. Therefore, obtaining the vibration vector difference between any two measurement points is convenient for subsequent confirmation of the signal change trend of the measurement points.

[0082] S103. Determine the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of two adjacent measurement points according to the vibration vector difference;

[0083] Calculating the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient using the vibration vector difference can further analyze the spatial correlation of vibration signals between each measurement point. The global spatial autocorrelation coefficient can reflect the time delay and waveform similarity between two vibration signals, as well as the distribution law and change trend in space, which helps to accurately judge the location and degree of mechanical faults inside the transformer. By analyzing the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient, the propagation direction and path of vibration signals between adjacent measurement points can be determined, thereby narrowing the search range of the fault point.

[0084] In some embodiments, determining the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of two adjacent measurement points according to the vibration vector difference specifically includes:

[0085] Calculating the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of two adjacent measurement points according to the following formula:

[0086]

[0087] where G i,j is the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of the measurement point with abscissa i and ordinate j, N is the total number of measurement points, and VVD ij is the vibration vector difference of the measurement point with abscissa i and ordinate j.

[0088] Specifically, performing global spatial autocorrelation coefficient analysis on the normalized vibration signals can determine the fault propagation direction and path, and then determine the fault point location according to the fault propagation path.

[0089] S104. Determining the mechanical fault point of the transformer according to the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals.

[0090] By comparing the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient with the preset fault threshold, it can be determined which vibration signals between measurement points have large differences, thereby inferring the location of the mechanical fault inside the transformer. This step realizes the precise positioning of the mechanical fault of the transformer by comprehensively analyzing the vibration vector difference, the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient, and the measurement point position information, providing strong support for subsequent fault handling and maintenance.

[0091] In some embodiments, determining the mechanical fault point of the transformer according to the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals specifically includes:

[0092] Setting the fault threshold range;

[0093] In the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals, querying the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient outside the fault threshold range, and determining the measurement point corresponding to the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient as the mechanical fault point of the transformer.

[0094] Preferably, according to experience or historical data, set the fault threshold range of the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient. This range can be a fixed value or a value dynamically adjusted according to factors such as transformer type, load condition, and operating status. Among the global spatial autocorrelation coefficients between vibration signals, query the global spatial autocorrelation coefficients outside the fault threshold range. These coefficients correspond to abnormal vibration signals, which may indicate the existence of a fault. Finally, determine the measurement points corresponding to the global spatial autocorrelation coefficients outside the fault threshold range and mark them as transformer mechanical fault points.

[0095] In some embodiments, set the fault threshold range to be greater than 1. When the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient is less than or equal to 1, it indicates that the correlation between the measurement point corresponding to this global spatial autocorrelation coefficient and its adjacent measurement points is very weak, and the transformer may have a mechanical fault. By setting the fault threshold range, normal vibration signals and fault vibration signals can be distinguished, thus more accurately locating the fault point.

[0096] Furthermore, different types of faults may produce different vibration signal characteristics. Therefore, an appropriate threshold range can be selected according to the fault type.

[0097] In summary, when the mechanical structure of the transformer remains stable, the vibration distribution at each position on the transformer tank wall remains basically unchanged. However, when the transformer winding is subjected to a short-circuit impact, the internal mechanical structure may deteriorate, resulting in a change in the vibration distribution of the tank wall. This application monitors the internal mechanical state of the box by comparing the differences between the vibration signals of each measurement point on the transformer tank surface, thereby being able to quickly determine the location of the transformer mechanical fault.

[0098] This application also proposes a system for a transformer mechanical fault location method based on the vibration vector difference. The system includes: a measurement point information acquisition unit, a vibration signal acquisition unit, a calculation unit, and a fault point determination unit;

[0099] The measurement point information acquisition unit is used to set a number of measurement points on the transformer tank surface and determine the coordinate information of the number of measurement points;

[0100] The vibration signal acquisition unit is used to acquire the vibration signals at the measurement points;

[0101] The calculation unit is used to compare the vibration signals of any two measurement points to obtain the vibration vector difference between the measurement points; and is used to determine the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of the two measurement points according to the vibration vector difference;

[0102] The fault point determination unit is used to determine the transformer mechanical fault point according to the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals.

[0103] In some embodiments, the system further includes:

[0104] A data storage unit for storing vibration signals and calculation results;

[0105] A user interface unit for displaying fault diagnosis results and fault location information;

[0106] A remote monitoring unit for remotely transmitting fault diagnosis results and fault location information to a monitoring center.

[0107] This application also proposes a readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the following steps:

[0108] Set a plurality of measurement points on the surface of the transformer tank and determine the coordinate information of the plurality of measurement points;

[0109] Obtain the vibration signals at the measurement points, compare the vibration signals of any two measurement points, and obtain the vibration vector difference between the measurement points;

[0110] Determine the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of two adjacent measurement points according to the vibration vector difference;

[0111] Determine the mechanical fault point of the transformer according to the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals.

[0112] This application also proposes a computer device including a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the computer program being executed by the processor as follows:

[0113] Set a plurality of measurement points on the surface of the transformer tank and determine the coordinate information of the plurality of measurement points;

[0114] Obtain the vibration signals at the measurement points, compare the vibration signals of any two measurement points, and obtain the vibration vector difference between the measurement points;

[0115] Determine the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of two adjacent measurement points according to the vibration vector difference;

[0116] Determine the mechanical fault point of the transformer according to the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals.

[0117] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a computer program. The program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Among them, any reference to a memory, storage, database, or other medium used in the various embodiments provided in this application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memories. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in various forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and Rambus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.

[0118] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

[0119] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation manners of this application. The description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the patent scope of this application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of this application, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of this application. The above-disclosed is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and of course, it cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present invention. Therefore, the equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for locating mechanical faults of a transformer based on the vibration vector difference, characterized in that, The method includes: Setting a plurality of measurement points on the surface of the transformer tank and determining the coordinate information of the plurality of measurement points; Obtaining vibration signals at the measurement points, comparing the vibration signals of any two measurement points, and obtaining the vibration vector difference between the measurement points; Determining the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of two adjacent measurement points according to the vibration vector difference; Determining the mechanical fault point of the transformer according to the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals; 2. The method for locating mechanical faults of a transformer based on the vibration vector difference according to claim 1, wherein After obtaining the vibration signals at the measurement points, the method further includes: Extracting signals of different frequencies from the vibration signals of the plurality of measurement points and obtaining the respective frequency signal components of the vibration signals at each measurement point; Normalizing each frequency signal component of the vibration signal of the origin measurement point to a signal component with an amplitude of 1 and a phase of 0; Normalizing each frequency signal component of the vibration signal of the non-origin measurement point with the corresponding frequency signal of the origin measurement point.

3. The method for locating mechanical faults of a transformer based on the vibration vector difference according to claim 1, characterized in that The comparison of the vibration signals of any two measurement points to obtain the vibration vector difference between the measurement points specifically includes: Calculate the vibration vector difference VVD between any two measurement points according to the following formula ii : where v’ i,f is the vibration amplitude normalized at the frequency f of the i-th measurement point, and φ’ i,f is the phase value normalized at the frequency f of the i-th measurement point. xi and yi are the abscissa and ordinate of the i-th measurement point.

4. The method for locating mechanical faults of a transformer based on the vibration vector difference according to claim 1, wherein, The determination of the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of two adjacent measurement points according to the vibration vector difference specifically includes: Calculating the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of two adjacent measurement points according to the following formula: Among them, G i,j is the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of the measurement points with the abscissa of i and the ordinate of j. N is the total number of measurement points, and VVD ij is the vibration vector difference of the measurement points with the abscissa of i and the ordinate of j.

5. The method for locating mechanical faults of a transformer based on the vibration vector difference according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the mechanical fault point of the transformer according to the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals specifically includes: Setting a fault threshold range; Among the global spatial autocorrelation coefficients between the vibration signals, querying the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient outside the fault threshold range and determining the measurement point corresponding to the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient as the mechanical fault point of the transformer.

6. The method for locating mechanical faults of a transformer based on the vibration vector difference according to claim 1, wherein The obtaining of the vibration signals at the measurement points specifically includes: Setting the number N of vibration sensors to be installed and the installation positions of the vibration sensors according to the size and vibration distribution of the transformer tank, and obtaining the vibration signals at the measurement points.

7. A transformer mechanical fault location method and system based on vibration vector difference, characterized in that The system includes: a measurement point information acquisition unit, a vibration signal acquisition unit, a calculation unit, and a fault point determination unit; The measurement point information acquisition unit is used to set a plurality of measurement points on the surface of the transformer tank and determine the coordinate information of the plurality of measurement points; The vibration signal acquisition unit is used to obtain the vibration signals at the measurement points; The calculation unit is used to compare the vibration signals of any two measurement points to obtain the vibration vector difference between the measurement points; and is used to determine the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals of two measurement points according to the vibration vector difference; The fault point determination unit is used to determine the mechanical fault point of the transformer according to the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient between the vibration signals; 8. The transformer mechanical fault location system based on the vibration vector difference according to claim 7, characterized in that The system further includes: A data storage unit for storing the vibration signals and calculation results; A user interface unit for displaying the fault diagnosis result and fault location information; A remote monitoring unit for remotely transmitting the fault diagnosis result and fault location information to a monitoring center.

9. A readable storage medium storing a computer program, which when executed by a processor causes the processor to execute the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer device, comprising a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor is caused to execute the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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